Plain Text Law

Title 7. Collection Agencies — Subtitle 3. Licenses

Statutes in effect as of October 1, 2026.

Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-301 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–301Copy Citation

(a)
Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person must have a license whenever the person does business as a collection agency in the State.
(b)
This section does not apply to:
(1)
a regular employee of a creditor while the employee is acting under the general direction and control of the creditor to collect a consumer claim that the creditor owns; or
(2)
a regular employee of a licensed collection agency while the employee is acting within the scope of employment.
(c)
A licensee may do business as a collection agency only at a licensed location or as otherwise authorized by regulation.
(d)
During the time period established by the Commissioner under subsection (e) of this section, each licensee shall:
(1)
obtain and maintain a valid unique identifier issued by NMLS when an account is created with NMLS; and
(2)
transfer licensing information to NMLS.
(e)
(1)
The Commissioner shall establish a time period that is not less than 2 months within which a licensee must transfer licensing information to NMLS.
(2)
The time period that the Commissioner establishes under this subsection shall begin on or after July 1, 2017.
(3)
At least 30 days before the transfer period begins, the Commissioner shall:
(i)
notify all licensees of the transfer period; and
(ii)
provide instructions for the transfer of licensing information to NMLS.
(f)
Subject to subsection (d) of this section, an applicant for an initial license or a license renewal shall apply for the initial license or license renewal through NMLS:
(1)
on or after July 1, 2017; or
(2)
if the Commissioner has not joined NMLS with respect to collection agencies as of July 1, 2017, on or after the date that the Commissioner joins, as specified by the Commissioner by public notice.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-302 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–302Copy Citation

(a)
An applicant for a license shall:
(1)
submit a completed application in the form, and in accordance with the process, that the Board requires;
(2)
pay to the Board:
(i)
a nonrefundable application fee in the amount set by the Board; and
(ii)
a nonrefundable investigation fee in the amount set by the Board; and
(3)
provide all the information that the Board requests.
(b)
An application shall be made under oath and shall include:
(1)
the applicant’s legal name, any trade name used by the applicant in accordance with § 2–121 of the Financial Institutions Article, and the applicant’s principal executive office address, telephone number, e–mail address, and Web site addresses, if any;
(2)
the address of each additional location, if any, that:
(i)
the general public may reasonably view as a location that does business as a collection agency, including any location that investigates customer complaints or directly communicates with customers verbally, electronically, or in writing;
(ii)
houses any core operational infrastructure or technology systems;
(iii)
conducts any core management, information security and technology, risk and compliance, or finance functions; or
(iv)
is otherwise required to be listed in NMLS by regulation adopted under this title;
(3)
the federal employer identification number or Social Security number of the applicant, as applicable;
(4)
the state of formation and the date of formation of the applicant if the applicant is a business entity;
(5)
the name and residence address of each control person;
(6)
the name and address of the principal contact for consumer complaints;
(7)
the name, address, and telephone number of the applicant’s resident agent; and
(8)
any other information that the Board requests.
(c)
In addition to any other requirement for licensure under this subtitle, an applicant for a license shall file with the Board a surety bond as required under § 7–304 of this subtitle.
(d)
The Board shall issue a license to each applicant who meets the requirements of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-302.1 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–302.1Copy Citation

(a)
The Board shall set by regulation the fees provided for in this subtitle.
(b)
The fees established by the Board under this section and any annual assessments imposed by the Commissioner under § 2–120 of the Financial Institutions Article shall be reasonable and set in a manner that will collectively produce funds sufficient to cover the actual direct and indirect costs of regulating collection agencies in accordance with this title.
(c)
The Board shall publish the fee schedule set by the Board.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-302.2 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–302.2Copy Citation

(a)
All revenue received for the licensing and assessment of persons under this title and any other fee or revenue received by the Commissioner or the Board under this title shall be:
(1)
credited to the Non–Depository Special Fund established under § 2–120 of the Financial Institutions Article; and
(2)
used in accordance with § 2–120(d) of the Financial Institutions Article.
(b)
Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the Board shall pay all fines and penalties collected by the Board under this title into the General Fund of the State.
(c)
Subject to § 2–120(h) of the Financial Institutions Article, the Commissioner may impose an annual assessment on any licensee under this title.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-303 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–303Copy Citation

(a)
Within 60 days after an applicant submits a complete application for a license and pays the fees required by § 7–302 of this subtitle, the Board shall approve or deny the application.
(b)
To qualify for a license, an applicant shall satisfy the Board that the applicant is of good moral character and has sufficient financial responsibility, business experience, and general fitness to:
(1)
engage in business as a collection agency;
(2)
warrant the belief that the business will be conducted lawfully, honestly, fairly, and efficiently; and
(3)
command the confidence of the public.
(c)
The Board may deny an application for a license to any person who:
(1)
has committed any act that would be a ground for reprimand, suspension, or revocation of a license under this subtitle; or
(2)
otherwise fails to meet the requirements for licensure.
(d)
If an applicant does not meet the requirements of this subtitle, the Board shall:
(1)
deny the application; and
(2)
immediately notify the applicant of the denial.
(e)
(1)
The denial of an application under this section is subject to the hearing provisions of § 7–309 of this subtitle.
(2)
An applicant who seeks a hearing on a license application denial shall file a written request for a hearing within 45 days following receipt of the notice to the applicant of the applicant’s right to a hearing.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-304 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–304Copy Citation

(a)
With an application for a new license, an applicant shall file a surety bond with the Board.
(b)
The bond shall run to the Board, as obligee, for the benefit of:
(1)
the State; and
(2)
any member of the public who has a loss or other damage as a result of a violation of this title or the Maryland Consumer Debt Collection Act by the applicant or an agent or employee of the applicant.
(c)
The bond shall be:
(1)
in the amount determined by the Board under subsection (j) of this section;
(2)
issued by a surety company that:
(i)
is authorized to do business in the State; and
(ii)
holds a certificate of authority issued by the Maryland Insurance Commissioner; and
(3)
conditioned that the licensee shall comply with the Maryland Consumer Debt Collection Act and any other laws applicable to consumer debt collection.
(d)
The liability of the surety:
(1)
shall be continuous;
(2)
may not be aggregated or cumulative, whether or not the bond is renewed, continued, replaced, or modified;
(3)
may not be determined by adding together the penal sum of the bond, or any part of the penal sum of the bond, in existence at any two or more points in time;
(4)
shall be considered to be one continuous obligation, regardless of increases or decreases in the penal sum of the bond;
(5)
may not be affected by:
(i)
the insolvency or bankruptcy of the licensee;
(ii)
any misrepresentation, breach of warranty, failure to pay a premium, or any other act or omission of the licensee or an agent of the licensee; or
(iii)
the suspension of the licensee’s license;
(6)
may not require an administrative enforcement action by the Board as a prerequisite to liability; and
(7)
shall continue for 3 years after the later of the date on which:
(i)
the bond is canceled; or
(ii)
the licensee, for any reason, ceases to be licensed.
(e)
(1)
A bond may be canceled by the surety or the licensee by giving notice of cancellation to the Board.
(2)
Notice under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall:
(i)
be in writing; and
(ii)
be sent by certified mail, return receipt requested.
(3)
A cancellation of a bond under this subsection is not effective until 90 days after receipt of a notice of cancellation by the Board.
(f)
A claim against the bond may be filed with the surety by:
(1)
a claimant; or
(2)
the Board for the benefit of a claimant or the State.
(g)
If the amount of claims against a bond exceeds the amount of the bond, the surety:
(1)
shall pay the amount of the bond to the Board for pro rata distribution to claimants; and
(2)
is relieved of liability under the bond.
(h)
If the penal amount of the bond is reduced by payment of a claim or judgment, the licensee shall file a new or additional bond with the Board.
(i)
A penalty imposed against a licensee under § 7–205(b) of this title may be collected and paid from the proceeds of a bond required under this subsection.
(j)
(1)
The amount of the surety bond required under subsection (c) of this section shall be in an amount of not less than $50,000 and not more than $1,000,000, as determined by the Board for each licensee.
(2)
In setting the amount of the surety bond, the Board may consider:
(i)
the nature and volume of the business or proposed business of the licensee or applicant;
(ii)
the financial condition of the licensee or applicant, including:
(1)
the amount, nature, quality, and liquidity of the assets of the licensee or applicant;
(2)
the amount and nature of the liabilities, including contingent liabilities, of the licensee or applicant;
(3)
the history of and prospects for the licensee or applicant to earn and retain income; and
(4)
the potential harm to consumers if the applicant or licensee becomes financially impaired;
(iii)
the quality of the operations of the licensee or applicant;
(iv)
the quality of the management of the licensee or applicant;
(v)
the nature and quality of each control person; and
(vi)
any other factor that the Board considers relevant.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-305 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–305Copy Citation

(a)
A license authorizes the licensee to do business as a collection agency at each licensed location and under each licensed name, or as otherwise authorized by regulation.
(b)
Information in NMLS associated with a license approved by the Board under this subtitle shall include the following:
(1)
the licensee’s legal name and any trade name used by the licensee in accordance with § 2–121 of the Financial Institutions Article;
(2)
the address of the licensee’s principal executive office; and
(3)
the address of each additional location, if any, where the licensee does business and that:
(i)
the general public may reasonably view as a location that does business as a collection agency, including any location that investigates customer complaints or directly communicates with customers verbally, electronically, or in writing;
(ii)
houses any core operational infrastructure or technology systems;
(iii)
conducts any core management, information security and technology, risk and compliance, or finance functions; or
(iv)
is otherwise required to be listed in NMLS by regulation.
(c)
A licensee shall maintain and update the information in NMLS associated with the licensee’s license to reflect accurately at all times the information required by subsection (b) of this section.
(d)
The unique identifier of the licensee shall constitute the license number for the license.
(e)
A licensee may not add, delete, or modify a location required to be listed in NMLS under subsection (b) of this section unless:
(1)
the licensee provides to the Board, through NMLS and in accordance with any applicable regulations, notice of the addition, deletion, or modification;
(2)
the addition, deletion, or modification of the location is recorded with the information associated with the licensee’s license in NMLS; and
(3)
the addition, deletion, or modification of the location otherwise complies with this title.
(f)
The licensee may not do business at a location required to be listed in NMLS under subsection (b) of this section until the location is recorded with the information associated with the licensee’s license in NMLS.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-306 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–306Copy Citation

(a)
An initial license term shall:
(1)
begin on the date the license is issued; and
(2)
expire on December 31 of the year:
(i)
in which the license is issued, if the license is issued before November 1; or
(ii)
immediately following the year in which the license is issued, if the license is issued on or after November 1.
(b)
On or after November 1 of the year in which a license expires, the license may be renewed for an additional 1–year term, if the licensee:
(1)
is otherwise entitled to be licensed;
(2)
pays to the Board a nonrefundable renewal fee set by the Board;
(3)
submits a renewal application in the form and in accordance with the process that the Board requires; and
(4)
files as part of the application a surety bond as required under § 7–304 of this subtitle.
(c)
To the extent required or permitted by NMLS, the Board may determine that licenses issued under this subtitle shall expire on a staggered basis.
(d)
A licensee may not renew a license unless, before the submission of the license renewal application, the licensee has transferred the licensee’s licensing information to NMLS in accordance with § 7–301(d) of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-306.1 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–306.1Copy Citation

(a)
Each licensee shall conspicuously post, in 48 point or larger type, at each licensed location, the following information:
(1)
the licensee’s unique identifier; and
(2)
a statement advising consumers of the availability of the NMLS Consumer Access website to verify the licensing status of the licensee.
(b)
Each licensee shall conspicuously display the following information on the licensee’s website, any software application accessible to the public and used to conduct business as a collection agency, and profile page within each social media platform the licensee uses:
(1)
the licensee’s unique identifier; and
(2)
a link to the NMLS Consumer Access website.
(c)
A licensee is not required to post the information required under subsection (a) of this section at a licensed location if the licensee does not regularly grant access to that licensed location to members of the general public.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-307 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–307Copy Citation

(a)
A licensee may surrender a license through NMLS in accordance with the process that the Board requires.
(b)
If a license is surrendered voluntarily, or is suspended or revoked, the Board may not refund any part of the license fee regardless of the time remaining in the license term.
(c)
The surrender of a license does not affect any civil or criminal liability of the licensee for acts committed before the license was surrendered.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-307.1 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–307.1Copy Citation

(a)
(1)
The requirements under any federal law and Title 4, Subtitles 1 through 5 of the General Provisions Article regarding the privacy or confidentiality of information or material provided to NMLS, and any privilege arising under federal or state law, including the rules of any federal or state court with respect to that information or material, shall continue to apply to that information or material after the information or material has been disclosed to NMLS.
(2)
The information and material may be shared with all state and federal regulatory officials having authority over the debt collection industry, including the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network and the Office of Foreign Assets Control, and any successor to these agencies, without the loss of privilege or the loss of confidentiality protections provided by federal law or Title 4, Subtitles 1 through 5 of the General Provisions Article.
(b)
The Board may:
(1)
enter into information sharing agreements with any federal or state regulatory agency having authority over collection agencies or with any federal or state law enforcement agency, including the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network and the Office of Foreign Assets Control, and any successor to these agencies, provided that the agreements prohibit the agencies from disclosing any shared information without the prior written consent from the Board regarding disclosure of the particular information; and
(2)
exchange information about collection agencies with any federal or state regulatory agency having authority over collection agencies or with any federal or state law enforcement agency.
(c)
Information or material that is subject to a privilege or confidentiality under subsection (a) of this section may not be subject to:
(1)
disclosure under any federal or state law governing the disclosure to the public of information held by an officer or agency of the federal government or a state that has received the information or material; or
(2)
subpoena, discovery, or admission into evidence, in any private civil litigation or administrative process, unless, with respect to any privilege held by NMLS, the person to whom the information or material pertains waives, in whole or in part, that privilege.
(d)
Any provisions of Title 4, Subtitles 1 through 5 of the General Provisions Article relating to the disclosure of any information or material described in subsection (a) of this section that are inconsistent with subsection (a) of this section shall be superseded by the requirements of this section.
(e)
This section does not apply to information or material relating to publicly adjudicated disciplinary and enforcement actions against a debt collection agency that is included in NMLS and designated for access by the public.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-308 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–308Copy Citation

(a)
Subject to the hearing provisions of § 7–309 of this subtitle, the Board may reprimand a licensee or suspend or revoke a license if the licensee or any owner, director, officer, member, partner, or agent of the licensee:
(1)
makes any material misstatement in an application for a license;
(2)
is convicted under the laws of the United States or of any state of:
(i)
a felony; or
(ii)
a misdemeanor that is directly related to the fitness and qualification of the person to engage in the collection agency business;
(3)
in connection with the collection of any consumer claim:
(i)
commits any fraud; or
(ii)
engages in any illegal or dishonest activities;
(4)
knowingly or negligently violates the Maryland Consumer Debt Collection Act; or
(5)
fails to comply with a lawful order that the Board passes under this title.
(b)
In determining whether to reprimand a licensee or to suspend or revoke a license for a reason described in subsection (a)(2) of this section, the Board shall consider:
(1)
the nature of the crime;
(2)
the relationship of the crime to the activities authorized by the license;
(3)
with respect to a felony, the relevance of the conviction to the fitness and qualification of the licensee to engage in the collection agency business;
(4)
the length of time since the conviction; and
(5)
the behavior and activities of the licensee since the conviction.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-309 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–309Copy Citation

(a)
(1)
Except as otherwise provided in § 10-226 of the State Government Article, before the Board takes any final action under § 7-308 of this subtitle, or under § 7-205 of this title, it shall give the person against whom the action is contemplated an opportunity for a hearing before the Board.
(2)
A hearing shall be held at a time and place reasonably convenient to the parties.
(b)
The Board shall give notice and hold the hearing in accordance with Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article.
(c)
The Board may administer oaths in connection with a proceeding under this section.
(d)
The Board may issue a subpoena for the attendance of a witness to testify at a hearing under this section, but not for investigative purposes.
(e)
If, after due notice, the person against whom the action is contemplated does not appear, nevertheless the Board may hear and determine the matter.
(f)
The Board may enforce a lawful order issued under this title by filing an action to enforce the order in the circuit court for the county:
(1)
where the licensee which is the subject of the order has its principal place of business; or
(2)
if the licensee has no principal place of business in the State, where the consumer aggrieved by the violation resides.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-310 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–310Copy Citation

A party to a proceeding before the Board who is aggrieved by a final decision of the Board in a contested case, as defined in § 10-202 of the State Government Article, may take an appeal as allowed in §§ 10-222 and 10-223 of the State Government Article.
Md. Code Ann., Bus. Reg. § 7-311 (2026)
Title 7. Collection Agencies
Subtitle 3. Licenses

§ 7–311Copy Citation

The suspension or revocation of a license does not affect the obligation of a claim that the licensee lawfully acquired before the suspension or revocation.