# Commercial Law (GCL)

## Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions

### Subtitle 13. Miscellaneous Provisions

#### Section 14-1322

(a)

  (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.

  (2) "Billing agent" means a person that submits charges for products or services to a telephone company or reseller on behalf of the person submitting the charges or on behalf of a third-party vendor.

  (3) "Customer" means a customer of a telephone company or reseller.

  (4) "Express authorization" means an express, affirmative act by an ordering customer in the form of:

    (i) A written authorization;

    (ii) An oral authorization verified and recorded by an independent party; or

    (iii) A recorded electronic authorization.

  (5) "Ordering customer" means a customer or another person ordering services that will appear on the customer's telephone bill.

  (6) "Reseller" means a person that provides wireline telephone voice service by using the transmission facilities of another person.

  (7) "Telephone company" means a person that provides wireline telephone voice services.

  (8) "Third-party vendor" means an entity not affiliated with a telephone company or reseller that:

    (i) Provides products or services to a customer; and

    (ii) Seeks to charge the customer through third-party vendor billing.

  (9)

    (i) "Third-party vendor billing" means the use of a telephone company's or reseller's billing system, either directly or through a billing agent, to charge a customer for products or services provided by a third-party vendor.

    (ii) "Third-party vendor billing" does not include billing for:

      (1) Products or services offered by, or bundled with the products or services of, a telephone company, a reseller, or an affiliate of a telephone company or reseller;

      (2) Long distance services that a customer initiates by dialing 1+, 0+, 0-, or 1010XXX; or

      (3) Commercial mobile radio services.

(b) Unless the third-party vendor or billing agent first obtains an ordering customer's express authorization, a third-party vendor or billing agent may not submit charges to a telephone company or reseller.

(c) The express authorization required under subsection (b) of this section shall:

  (1) Be separate from any solicitation material or entry forms for sweepstakes or contests; and

  (2) Include:

    (i) The name and telephone number of the ordering customer;

    (ii) The date of authorization;

    (iii) An explanation of:

      (1) The product or service offered; and

      (2) All applicable charges; and

    (iv) An affirmation by the ordering customer that:

      (1) The ordering customer is at least 18 years of age and authorized to order services that will appear on the customer's telephone bill; and

      (2) Third-party vendor billing charges may be billed using the customer's telephone bill.

(d) A third-party vendor or billing agent shall retain a copy of the express authorization required under subsection (b) of this section for 2 years after the date of authorization.

(e) A customer is not liable for third-party vendor billing charges unless:

  (1) The customer has been given notice that the telephone company or reseller may allow third-party vendor billing and that free blocking of certain third-party vendor billing may be available to the customer; and

  (2) The customer is provided access to:

    (i) An itemization of the third-party vendor billing charges identifying them separately from other charges; and

    (ii) The name and telephone number of the third-party vendor or its billing agent.

(f) Unless the third-party vendor or billing agent provides a copy of the authorization required under subsection (b) of this section to the customer and to the telephone company or reseller, a customer is not liable for third-party vendor billing charges if the customer, in good faith and in a reasonably timely manner, but not outside the time period specified in subsection (d) of this section, disputes that the charges were authorized.

(g) An agreement for third-party vendor billing entered into by a telephone company or reseller and a third-party vendor or billing agent on or after October 1, 2010, is void and unenforceable to the extent that it does not require the third-party vendor to comply with subsection (b) of this section.

(h) A violation of this section by a third-party vendor or billing agent:

  (1) Is an unfair or deceptive trade practice under Title 13 of this article; and

  (2) Except for the provisions of Sec. 13-411 of this article, is subject to the enforcement and penalty provisions contained in Title 13 of this article.

---

Md. Code Ann., Com. Law (as displayed at mgaleg.maryland.gov, October 16, 2026)