Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions — Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
Statutes in effect as of October 1, 2026.
Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 14-3801 (2026)
Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions
Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
§ 14–3801LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Consumer” means an individual who, individually or in conjunction with another individual, is solicited for, applies for, or receives a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check.
(c)
“Creditor” means a person who makes a refund anticipation loan or who takes an assignment of a refund anticipation loan.
(d)
(1)
“Facilitator” means a person who, individually or in conjunction or cooperation with another person:
(i)
Processes, receives, or accepts an application or agreement for a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check;
(ii)
Services or collects on a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check; or
(iii)
Facilitates the making of a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check.
(2)
“Facilitator” does not include:
(i)
A bank, savings and loan association, or credit union;
(ii)
An affiliate or subsidiary of a bank, savings and loan association, or credit union that, in connection with refund anticipation loans or refund anticipation checks, acts solely as a servicer for the financial institution with which it is affiliated or of which it is a subsidiary; or
(iii)
A person who acts solely as an intermediary and does not deal with the public in the making of a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check.
(e)
“Refund anticipation check” means a check, stored value card, or other payment mechanism:
(1)
That represents the proceeds of a consumer’s tax refund;
(2)
That was issued by a depository institution or other person that received a direct deposit of the consumer’s tax refund; and
(3)
For which the consumer has paid a fee or other consideration.
(f)
(1)
“Refund anticipation loan” means a loan arranged to be paid directly or indirectly from the proceeds of a consumer’s tax refund.
(2)
“Refund anticipation loan” includes a sale, assignment, or purchase of a consumer’s tax refund at a discount or for a fee, whether or not the consumer is required to repay the buyer or assignee if the Internal Revenue Service denies or reduces the consumer’s tax refund.
(g)
(1)
“Refund anticipation loan fee” means any charge, fee, or other consideration charged or imposed directly or indirectly for the making of or in connection with a refund anticipation loan.
(2)
“Refund anticipation loan fee” includes a charge, fee, or other consideration for a deposit account that is used for receipt of a consumer’s tax refund to repay the amount owed on a refund anticipation loan.
Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 14-3802 (2026)
Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions
Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
§ 14–3802LinkCopy Citation
Unless the facilitator has complied with this subtitle, a facilitator, or an officer, agent, employee, or representative of a facilitator, individually or in conjunction or cooperation with another person, may not:
(1)
Solicit the execution of, process, receive, or accept an application or agreement for a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check; or
(2)
Facilitate the making of a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check.
Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 14-3803 (2026)
Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions
Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
§ 14–3803LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A facilitator shall display, in a prominent place at each business location of the facilitator, a schedule of the fees charged for facilitating refund anticipation loans and refund anticipation checks.
(b)
A facilitator shall include on each fee schedule the following:
(1)
Examples of the annual percentage rate charged for refund anticipation loans in the amounts of:
(i)
$250;
(ii)
$500;
(iii)
$1,000; and
(iv)
$2,500;
(2)
A legend, centered and in bold capital letters in at least 14 point type, stating:
“NOTICE CONCERNING REFUND ANTICIPATION LOANS”; and
(3)
The following statement:
“When you take out a refund anticipation loan, you are borrowing money against your tax refund. If your tax refund is less than expected, you will still owe the entire amount of the refund anticipation loan. If your tax refund is delayed, you may have to pay additional costs. You usually can get your tax refund in 8 to 15 days without paying any extra fees for a refund anticipation loan. You can have your tax return filed electronically and your refund direct deposited into your own bank account without obtaining a refund anticipation loan or paying fees for an extra product.”.
(c)
The fee schedule and disclosures required under subsections (a) and (b) of this section shall be printed in at least 14 point type on a sign not less than 16 by 20 inches.
(d)
A facilitator may not charge any fee to a consumer for facilitating a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check that is not disclosed on or is different from the fee shown on the schedule required under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 14-3804 (2026)
Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions
Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
§ 14–3804LinkCopy Citation
(a)
At the time a consumer applies through a facilitator for a refund anticipation loan, the facilitator shall disclose to the consumer, on a form that is separate from the application, in 14 point type, the following:
(1)
The fee for the refund anticipation loan, including any fee for tax preparation or other fees charged to the consumer;
(2)
The annual percentage rate payable on the refund anticipation loan;
(3)
The time within which the proceeds of the refund anticipation loan will be paid to the consumer if the refund anticipation loan is approved;
(4)
A legend, centered and in bold capital letters in 18 point type, stating:
“NOTICE”; and
(5)
The statement:
“This is a loan. You are borrowing money against your tax refund. If your tax refund is less than expected, you will still owe the entire amount of the loan. If your tax refund is delayed, you may have to pay additional costs. You usually can get your tax refund in 8 to 15 days without getting a loan or paying extra fees. You can have your tax return filed electronically and your tax refund direct deposited into your bank account without obtaining a loan or other paid product.”.
(b)
The annual percentage rate for a refund anticipation loan shall be calculated using the guidelines established under the federal Truth in Lending Act.
(c)
At the time a consumer applies through a facilitator for a refund anticipation check, the facilitator shall disclose to the consumer, on a form that is separate from the application, in 14 point type, the following:
(1)
The fee for the refund anticipation check, including any fee for tax preparation or other fees charged to the consumer;
(2)
The time within which the proceeds of the refund anticipation check will be paid to the consumer;
(3)
A legend, centered and in bold capital letters in 18 point type, stating:
“NOTICE”; and
(4)
The statement:
“You are paying (amount of refund anticipation check fee) to get your tax refund check through (name of issuer of the refund anticipation check). You can avoid this fee and still receive your tax refund in the same amount of time by having your tax refund direct deposited into your bank account. You also can wait for the Internal Revenue Service to mail you a tax refund check.”.
(d)
Before completing a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check transaction, a facilitator shall provide to a consumer, in a form that can be retained by the consumer, the following:
(1)
The disclosures required by this section;
(2)
A copy of the completed refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check application and agreement; and
(3)
For a refund anticipation loan, the disclosures required by the federal Truth in Lending Act.
(e)
The disclosures required by this section shall be provided in English and in the language primarily used for oral communication between the facilitator and the consumer.
Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 14-3805 (2026)
Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions
Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
§ 14–3805LinkCopy Citation
(a)
At the time a consumer applies through a facilitator for a refund anticipation loan, the facilitator orally shall inform the consumer:
(1)
That the product is a loan that lasts 1 to 2 weeks;
(2)
That if the consumer’s tax refund is less than expected, the consumer is liable for the full amount of the refund anticipation loan and must repay any difference;
(3)
The amount of the refund anticipation loan fee; and
(4)
The annual percentage rate payable on the refund anticipation loan.
(b)
At the time a consumer applies through a facilitator for a refund anticipation check, the facilitator orally shall inform the consumer:
(1)
Of the amount of the refund anticipation check; and
(2)
That the consumer may receive a tax refund in the same amount of time without paying a fee if the consumer’s tax return is filed electronically and the consumer direct deposits the tax refund into the consumer’s own bank account.
(c)
The disclosures required by this section shall be provided in the language primarily used for oral communication between the facilitator and the consumer.
Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 14-3806 (2026)
Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions
Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
§ 14–3806LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A facilitator may not:
(1)
Require a consumer to enter into a loan agreement in order to complete a tax return;
(2)
Charge any fee to a consumer or require any other consideration for making or facilitating a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check other than the fee imposed by the creditor or other person that provides the refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check;
(3)
Engage in a transaction, practice, or course of business that operates a fraud on a consumer in connection with a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check, including making oral statements that contradict any of the information required to be disclosed under this subtitle;
(4)
Arrange, directly or indirectly, for any third party to charge any interest or fee related to a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check, other than the refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check fee imposed by the creditor, including charges for insurance, attorney’s fees, collection costs, or check cashing;
(5)
Misrepresent a material fact or condition of a refund anticipation loan or refund anticipation check; or
(6)
Fail to process an application for a refund anticipation loan promptly after the consumer applies for the refund anticipation loan.
(b)
Subsection (a)(2) of this section does not prohibit a charge or fee, including a fee for tax return preparation, that is imposed by a facilitator on all of its customers if the same charge or fee, in the same amount, is imposed on customers who do not receive refund anticipation loans, refund anticipation checks, or other tax–related financial products.
Md. Code Ann., Com. Law § 14-3807 (2026)
Title 14. Miscellaneous Consumer Protection Provisions
Subtitle 38. Refund Anticipation Loans and Checks
§ 14–3807LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A violation of this subtitle is:
(1)
An unfair or deceptive trade practice within the meaning of Title 13 of this article; and
(2)
Subject to the enforcement and penalty provisions contained in Title 13 of this article.
(b)
In addition to the remedies provided under Title 13 of this article, a facilitator who willfully fails to comply with any provision of this subtitle is liable to the consumer for:
(1)
Actual and consequential damages;
(2)
Statutory damages in the amount of $1,000; and
(3)
Reasonable attorney’s fees and costs.