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<section article="gcl" article_name="Commercial Law" number="9-312" title_number="9" title_name="Secured Transactions" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Perfection and Priority">
  <level label="a">
    <text>A security interest in chattel paper, negotiable documents, instruments, or investment property may be perfected by filing.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="b">
    <text>Except as otherwise provided in § 9-315(c) and (d) for proceeds:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>A security interest in a deposit account may be perfected only by control under § 9-314;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Except as otherwise provided in § 9-308(d), a security interest in a letter-of-credit right may be perfected only by control under § 9-314; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>A security interest in money may be perfected only by the secured party’s taking possession under § 9-313.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="c">
    <text>While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a negotiable document covering the goods:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>A security interest in the goods may be perfected by perfecting a security interest in the document; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>A security interest perfected in the document has priority over any security interest that becomes perfected in the goods by another method during that time.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="d">
    <text>While goods are in the possession of a bailee that has issued a nonnegotiable document covering the goods, a security interest in the goods may be perfected by:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Issuance of a document in the name of the secured party;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>The bailee’s receipt of notification of the secured party’s interest; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>Filing as to the goods.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="e">
    <text>A security interest in certificated securities, negotiable documents, or instruments is perfected without filing or the taking of possession or control for a period of 20 days from the time it attaches to the extent that it arises for new value given under an authenticated security agreement.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="f">
    <text>A perfected security interest in a negotiable document or goods in possession of a bailee, other than one that has issued a negotiable document for the goods, remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party makes available to the debtor the goods or documents representing the goods for the purpose of:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Ultimate sale or exchange; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Loading, unloading, storing, shipping, transshipping, manufacturing, processing, or otherwise dealing with them in a manner preliminary to their sale or exchange.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="g">
    <text>A perfected security interest in a certificated security or instrument remains perfected for 20 days without filing if the secured party delivers the security certificate or instrument to the debtor for the purpose of:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Ultimate sale or exchange; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Presentation, collection, enforcement, renewal, or registration of transfer.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="h">
    <text>After the 20-day period specified in subsection (e), subsection (f), or subsection (g) expires, perfection depends upon compliance with this title.</text>
  </level>
</section>
