<section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-101" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this title the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Emergency” means a sudden or unexpected happening or an unforeseen combination of circumstances that calls for immediate action to protect the health, safety, welfare, or property of a person from actual or threatened harm or from an unlawful act.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Police officer” means a person who in an official capacity is authorized by law to make arrests and is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a member of the Department of State Police;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a member of the Police Department of Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a member of the Baltimore City School Police Force;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a member of the police department, bureau, or force of a county;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a member of the police department, bureau, or force of a municipal corporation;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>a member of the Maryland Transit Administration Police Force or Maryland Transportation Authority Police Force;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>a member of the University System of Maryland Police Force or Morgan State University Police Force;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>a special police officer who is appointed to enforce the law and maintain order on or protect property of the State or any of its units;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>a member of the Maryland Capitol Police of the Department of General Services;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>the sheriff of a county whose usual duties include the making of arrests;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>a regularly employed deputy sheriff of a county who is compensated by the county and whose usual duties include the making of arrests;</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>a member of the Natural Resources Police Force of the Department of Natural Resources;</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>an authorized employee of the Field Enforcement Bureau of the Comptroller’s Office;</text> </level> <level label="14"> <text>an authorized member of the Field Enforcement Division of the Alcohol and Tobacco Commission;</text> </level> <level label="15"> <text>a member of the Maryland–National Capital Park and Planning Commission Park Police;</text> </level> <level label="16"> <text>a member of the Housing Authority of Baltimore City Police Force;</text> </level> <level label="17"> <text>a member of the Crofton Police Department;</text> </level> <level label="18"> <text>a member of the WMATA Metro Transit Police, subject to the jurisdictional limitations under Article XVI, § 76 of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Compact, which is codified at § 10–204 of the Transportation Article;</text> </level> <level label="19"> <text>a member of the Intelligence and Investigative Division of the Department;</text> </level> <level label="20"> <text>a member of the State Forest and Park Service Police Force of the Department of Natural Resources;</text> </level> <level label="21"> <text>a member of the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission Police Force;</text> </level> <level label="22"> <text>a member of the Ocean Pines Police Department;</text> </level> <level label="23"> <text>a member of the police force of the Baltimore City Community College;</text> </level> <level label="24"> <text>a member of the police force of the Hagerstown Community College;</text> </level> <level label="25"> <text>an employee of the Warrant Apprehension Unit of the Intelligence and Investigative Division in the Department;</text> </level> <level label="26"> <text>a member of the police force of the Anne Arundel Community College; or</text> </level> <level label="27"> <text>a member of the police department of the Johns Hopkins University established in accordance with Title 24, Subtitle 12 of the Education Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-102" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to an employee of the Department of State Police to whom the Secretary of State Police assigns the powers contained in § 2-412 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the limitations of paragraph (3) of this subsection, a police officer may make arrests, conduct investigations, and otherwise enforce the laws of the State throughout the State without limitations as to jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not authorize a police officer who acts under the authority granted by this section to enforce the Maryland Vehicle Law beyond the police officer’s sworn jurisdiction, unless the officer is acting under a mutual aid agreement authorized under § 2-105 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A police officer may exercise the powers granted by this section when:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>the police officer is participating in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, at least one of which has local jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the police officer is rendering assistance to another police officer;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the police officer is acting at the request of a police officer or State Police officer; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>an emergency exists; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the police officer is acting in accordance with regulations adopted by the police officer’s employing unit to carry out this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The powers granted by this section are in addition to the powers granted by §§ 5-801, 5-802, 5-807, 5-808, and 5-901 of the Criminal Law Article and to the powers of fresh pursuit granted by Subtitle 3 of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A police officer who acts under the authority granted by this section shall notify the following persons of an investigation or enforcement action:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>the chief of police, if any, or chief’s designee, when in a municipal corporation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the Police Commissioner or Police Commissioner’s designee, when in Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the chief of police or chief’s designee, when in a county with a county police department, except Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the sheriff or sheriff’s designee, when in a county without a county police department;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the Secretary of Natural Resources or Secretary’s designee, when on property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Department of Natural Resources;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the chief of police of the Maryland Transportation Authority or chief’s designee, when on property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Maryland Transportation Authority, Maryland Aviation Administration, or Maryland Port Administration;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>the chief of police of the Department of General Services or the chief’s designee, when on property owned, leased, operated, managed, patrolled by, or under the control of the Department of General Services; or</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>the chief of police of the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission for the county in which the property is located, when on property owned, leased, or operated by or under the control of the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Department of State Police barrack commander or commander’s designee, unless there is an agreement otherwise with the Department of State Police.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>When the police officer participates in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, the police officer shall give the notice required under paragraph (1) of this subsection reasonably in advance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A police officer who acts under the authority granted by this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>has all the immunities from liability and exemptions as a State Police officer in addition to any other immunities and exemptions to which the police officer is otherwise entitled; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>remains at all times and for all purposes an employee of the employing unit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not impair a right of arrest otherwise existing under the Code.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not deprive a person of the right to receive a citation for a traffic violation as provided in the Maryland Vehicle Law or a criminal violation as provided by law or the Maryland Rules.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-103" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “primary law enforcement officer” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the chief of police, if any, or the chief’s designee, in a municipal corporation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the chief of police or the chief’s designee in a county with a county police department;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the sheriff or the sheriff’s designee in a county without a police department;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the Police Commissioner or the Police Commissioner’s designee in Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the Secretary of Natural Resources or the Secretary’s designee on any property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Department of Natural Resources;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the chief of police of the Maryland Transportation Authority or chief’s designee on property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Maryland Aviation Administration, the Maryland Port Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority; or</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>the Secretary of State Police.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A police officer may arrest a person throughout the State without limitations as to jurisdiction if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a warrant has been issued against the person;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the police officer is participating in a joint operation created by an agreement between the primary law enforcement officers;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the arrest occurs within one of the participating jurisdictions in accordance with the agreement; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the police officer is acting in accordance with regulations that the police officer’s employing unit adopts to carry out this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A police officer who acts under the authority granted by this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>has all the immunities from liability and exemptions as a State Police officer in addition to any other immunities and exemptions to which the police officer is otherwise entitled; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>remains at all times and for all purposes an employee of the employing unit.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-104" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“County superintendent” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of the Education Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Covered officer” means an officer who may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>make an arrest with or without a warrant for violations of the United States Code; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>carry firearms in the performance of the officer’s duties.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Sensitive location” has the meaning stated in § 6–111 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the limitations of paragraph (2) of this subsection, a covered officer may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>make arrests as set forth in Subtitle 2 of this title; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>execute arrest and search and seizure warrants issued under the laws of the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A covered officer may exercise the powers granted by this subsection when:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the covered officer is participating in a joint investigation with officials from a State or local law enforcement unit;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the covered officer is rendering assistance to a police officer;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the covered officer is acting at the request of a local police officer or State Police officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an emergency exists.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A covered officer who acts under the authority granted by this section shall notify the following persons of an investigation, an enforcement action, or a federal immigration enforcement action at a sensitive location:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>the chief of police, if any, or chief’s designee, when in a municipal corporation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the police commissioner or police commissioner’s designee, when in Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the chief of police or chief’s designee, when in a county with a county police department, except Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the sheriff or sheriff’s designee, when in a county without a county police department;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the Secretary of Natural Resources or Secretary’s designee, when on property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Department of Natural Resources; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the chief of police of the Maryland Transportation Authority or chief’s designee, when on property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Maryland Transportation Authority, Maryland Aviation Administration, or Maryland Port Administration; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Department of State Police barrack commander or commander’s designee, unless there is an agreement otherwise with the Department of State Police.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>When the federal law enforcement officer participates in a joint investigation with officials from a State or local law enforcement unit, the covered officer shall give the notice required under paragraph (1) of this subsection reasonably in advance.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If public school personnel, as defined in § 7–1508.1 of the Education Article, is notified of immigration enforcement, as defined in § 6–111 of the State Government Article, in a sensitive location that includes a school under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the public school personnel shall notify the county superintendent of the affected school or the county superintendent’s designee.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A covered officer who acts under the authority granted by this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>has the same legal status as a police officer;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has the same protections as a police officer under § 2–608 of the Courts Article with regard to charging documents against police officers; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has the same immunity from liability described in § 5–611 of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>This section does not impose liability on or require indemnification by the State or a local subdivision for an act performed by a covered officer under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-104.1" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <text>A United States Park Police officer may make arrests, conduct investigations, issue citations, and otherwise enforce the laws of the State within areas of the National Park System.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-104.2" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “sensitive location” has the meaning stated in § 6–111 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to a State or local correctional facility or a detention facility in a District Court or circuit court house.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A public school, a public library, or a unit of the Executive Branch of State or local government that operates at a sensitive location shall deny access to any portion of the sensitive location that requires a security screening or is not accessible to the general public to any individual who is seeking access for the purpose of enforcing federal immigration law, unless:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the individual presents a valid warrant issued by a federal court; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>exigent circumstances exist.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-105" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “governing body” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the county executive and county council of a charter county with a county executive;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the county council of a charter county with no county executive;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the board of county commissioners of a county; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the mayor and council, by whatever name known, of a municipal corporation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>By action as in the regular routine for legislative enactment, the governing body of a county or municipal corporation may determine the circumstances under which the police officers and other officers, agents, and employees of the county or municipal corporation, together with all necessary equipment, may lawfully go or be sent beyond the boundaries of the county or municipal corporation to any place within or outside the State.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The acts done by the police officers or other officers, agents, or employees of a county or municipal corporation under the authority of subsection (b) of this section and the expenditures made by the county or municipal corporation are considered to be for a public and governmental purpose.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>When a county or municipal corporation is acting through its police officers or other officers, agents, or employees for a public or governmental purpose beyond its boundaries under this section or other lawful authority, the county or municipal corporation has the same immunities from liability that the county or municipal corporation has when acting through its police officers or other officers, agents, or employees for a public or governmental purpose within its boundaries.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>When the police officers or other officers, agents, or employees of a county or municipal corporation are acting beyond the boundaries of the county or municipal corporation within the State under this section or other lawful authority, the police officers and other officers, agents, and employees of the county or municipal corporation have the same immunity from liability described in § 5-612 of the Courts Article and exemptions from laws, ordinances, and regulations, and the same pension, relief, disability, workers' compensation, and other benefits as those persons have while performing their duties within the boundaries of the county or municipal corporation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>In accordance with subsection (b) of this section, Allegany County and a municipal corporation in that county may make a reciprocal agreement to provide police officers and other officers, employees, and agents, together with all necessary equipment.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The governing body of a county or municipal corporation or the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission may make a reciprocal agreement for the period that it considers advisable with the District of Columbia or a county, municipal corporation, or the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, within or outside the State, and establish and carry out a plan to provide mutual aid by providing its police officers and other officers, employees, and agents, together with all necessary equipment as provided in subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A county, municipal corporation, or the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission may not make a reciprocal agreement unless the agreement provides that each party shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>waive any and all claims that are against the other parties to the agreement and that may arise out of their activities outside their respective jurisdictions under the agreement; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>indemnify and hold harmless the other parties to the agreement from all claims by third parties that are for property damage or personal injury and that may arise out of the activities of the other parties to the agreement outside their respective jurisdictions under the agreement.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The governing body of a county or municipal corporation in the State may obtain or extend the necessary public liability insurance to cover claims that arise out of mutual aid agreements made with another county or municipal corporation outside the State.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>The police officers and other officers, agents, and employees coming from one county or municipal corporation to another within the State under a reciprocal agreement under this section may enforce the laws of the State to the same extent as authorized law enforcement officers of the receiving county or municipal corporation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The police officers and other officers, agents, and employees coming into the State under a reciprocal agreement under this section may enforce the laws of the State to the same extent as authorized law enforcement officers of a county or municipal corporation in the State.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-106" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A peace officer, who is appointed in the jurisdiction in which a person is arrested, may keep custody of the arrested person in another jurisdiction in which a District Court commissioner is located to bring the person before the District Court commissioner in the other jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The peace officer has the same power to keep custody of the arrested person under paragraph (1) of this subsection that the peace officer has in the jurisdiction for which the peace officer is appointed and the arrest is made.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A peace officer, who is appointed in the jurisdiction for which a charging document is issued for a person who is arrested in another jurisdiction, may obtain custody of the arrested person in the other jurisdiction to bring the person before a District Court commissioner in the jurisdiction in which the charging document is issued.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The peace officer has the same power to keep custody of the arrested person under paragraph (1) of this subsection that the peace officer has in the jurisdiction for which the peace officer is appointed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not affect or extend the time period for bringing an arrested person before a judicial officer after arrest.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-106.1" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies only in Allegany County.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a police officer or an agent acting on behalf of a law enforcement agency shall keep custody of an arrested person from the time of arrest until the arrested person is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>committed by lawful authority to a State or local correctional facility;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>released from custody; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>in the custody of another police officer.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A correctional officer may keep custody of or provide transport for an arrested person who is awaiting transfer to another jurisdiction or waiting to see a judicial officer of the court if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the Commissioner of the Division of Pretrial Detention and Services or local managing official has assigned the correctional officer to supervise and transport incarcerated individuals;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the correctional officer will supervise the arrested person in a correctional facility or during transport; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the correctional facility is not addressing a situation that poses a severe threat to maintaining the desired level of security and safety of the arrested person or persons inside the correctional facility at the time of the transfer of custody.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-107" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Before a law enforcement officer may charge with a crime a person who is found by the law enforcement officer in a semiconscious or unconscious condition, the law enforcement officer shall make a diligent effort to determine whether the person:</text> <level label="i"> <text>suffers from epilepsy, diabetes, a cardiac condition, or another type of illness that causes semiconsciousness or unconsciousness; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is carrying the identification bracelet, tag, or card described in subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the law enforcement officer determines that the person suffers from an illness that causes semiconsciousness or unconsciousness, and the person is carrying the identification bracelet, tag, or card described in subsection (b) of this section, the law enforcement officer shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>notify the person’s physician immediately; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>have the person immediately transported to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a physician; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a facility where the services of a physician are available.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who suffers from epilepsy, diabetes, a cardiac condition, or other type of illness that causes temporary blackouts, semiconscious periods, or complete unconsciousness may wear an identification bracelet or metal tag or carry an identification card that is engraved, stamped, or imprinted with the person’s name, type of illness, physician’s name, and required medication.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not willfully and knowingly falsify identification described in subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not deliberately misrepresent an illness that causes blackouts, semiconsciousness, or unconsciousness as described in subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-108" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>A law enforcement officer who charges a minor with a criminal offense shall make a reasonable attempt to provide actual notice to the parent or guardian of the minor of the charge.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a law enforcement officer takes a minor into custody, the law enforcement officer or the officer’s designee shall make a reasonable attempt to notify the parent or guardian of the minor in accordance with the requirements of § 3–8A–14 of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If a law enforcement officer alleges the commission of an act by a child under the age of 13 years that, if committed by an adult, would constitute theft of a motor vehicle under § 7–105 of the Criminal Law Article, the law enforcement officer shall forward the complaint to the Department of Juvenile Services to file a petition alleging that the child is in need of supervision.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If a law enforcement officer alleges the commission of an act by a child under the age of 13 years that results in the death of a victim, the law enforcement officer shall forward the complaint to the Department of Juvenile Services for appropriate action.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-109" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>At the commencement of a traffic stop or other stop, absent exigent circumstances, a police officer shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>display proper identification to the stopped individual; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>provide the following information to the stopped individual:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the officer’s name;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the officer’s identification number issued by the law enforcement agency the officer is representing;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the name of the law enforcement agency the police officer is representing; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the reason for the traffic stop or other stop.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A police officer’s failure to comply with subsection (a) of this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may be grounds for administrative disciplinary action against the officer; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>may not serve as the basis for the exclusion of evidence under the exclusionary rule.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A police officer may not prohibit or prevent a citizen from recording the police officer’s actions if the citizen is otherwise acting lawfully and safely.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-201" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>This subtitle does not impair a right of arrest otherwise existing under the Code.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This subtitle does not deprive a person of the right to receive a citation for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a traffic violation as provided in the Maryland Vehicle Law; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a criminal violation as provided by law or the Maryland Rules.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-202" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>A police officer may arrest without a warrant a person who commits or attempts to commit a felony or misdemeanor in the presence or within the view of the police officer.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A police officer who has probable cause to believe that a felony or misdemeanor is being committed in the presence or within the view of the police officer may arrest without a warrant any person whom the police officer reasonably believes to have committed the crime.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A police officer without a warrant may arrest a person if the police officer has probable cause to believe that a felony has been committed or attempted and the person has committed or attempted to commit the felony whether or not in the presence or within the view of the police officer.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-203" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>A police officer without a warrant may arrest a person if the police officer has probable cause to believe:</text> <level label="1"> <text>that the person has committed a crime listed in subsection (b) of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that unless the person is arrested immediately, the person:</text> <level label="i"> <text>may not be apprehended;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>may cause physical injury or property damage to another; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>may tamper with, dispose of, or destroy evidence.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The crimes referred to in subsection (a)(1) of this section are:</text> <level label="1"> <text>manslaughter by vehicle or vessel under § 2–209 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>malicious burning under § 6–104 or § 6–105 of the Criminal Law Article or an attempt to commit the crime;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>malicious mischief under § 6–301 of the Criminal Law Article or an attempt to commit the crime;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a theft crime where the value of the property or services stolen is less than $1,000 under § 7–104 or § 7–105 of the Criminal Law Article or an attempt to commit the crime;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the crime of giving or causing to be given a false alarm of fire under § 9–604 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>indecent exposure under § 11–107 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>a crime that relates to controlled dangerous substances under Title 5 of the Criminal Law Article or an attempt to commit the crime;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>the wearing, carrying, or transporting of a handgun under § 4–203 or § 4–204 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>carrying or wearing a concealed weapon under § 4–101 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>prostitution and related crimes under Title 11, Subtitle 3 of the Criminal Law Article; and</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>violation of a condition of pretrial or posttrial release under § 5–213.1 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-204" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>A police officer without a warrant may arrest a person if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the police officer has probable cause to believe that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person battered the person’s spouse or another person with whom the person resides;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>there is evidence of physical injury; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>unless the person is arrested immediately, the person:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may not be apprehended;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>may cause physical injury or property damage to another; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>may tamper with, dispose of, or destroy evidence; and</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a report to the police was made within 48 hours of the alleged incident.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the police officer has probable cause to believe that mutual battery occurred and arrest is necessary under subsection (a) of this section, the police officer shall consider whether one of the persons acted in self-defense when determining whether to arrest the person whom the police officer believes to be the primary aggressor.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-204.1" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <text>A police officer shall arrest with or without a warrant and take into custody a person who the officer has probable cause to believe is in violation of a protective order as described in § 4–508.1(c) or § 4–509(b) of the Family Law Article.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-205" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <text>A police officer without a warrant may arrest a person if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the police officer has probable cause to believe the person has engaged in stalking under § 3-802 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>there is credible evidence other than the statements of the alleged stalking victim to support the probable cause under item (1) of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the police officer has reason to believe that the alleged stalking victim or another person is in danger of imminent bodily harm or death.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-206" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies during a public emergency, as defined in § 14–301(e)(1) or (2) of the Public Safety Article, and when public safety is imperiled, or on reasonable apprehension of immediate danger of public safety being imperiled.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>During a time described in subsection (a) of this section, the authority to make an arrest without a warrant granted to police officers under this title is granted to a person who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is serving under a proclamation of a state of emergency issued by the Governor, as provided in § 14–303 of the Public Safety Article, as:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a member of a law enforcement unit that is listed in § 2–101(c) of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a member of the militia called into action by the Governor, as provided in § 14–306 of the Public Safety Article;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is serving as a member of the militia ordered into active service by the Governor under § 13–702 of the Public Safety Article; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>is a member of the armed forces of the United States under orders to aid civil authorities of the State in enforcing law and order, subject to subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The grant of authority under subsection (b)(3) of this section does not limit or impair any power or duty of a member of the armed forces of the United States or authorize any action incompatible with federal law or regulations.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-207" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>Correctional employees assigned by the Commissioner of Correction to monitor incarcerated individuals on home detention under Title 3, Subtitle 4 of the Correctional Services Article have the same powers to arrest incarcerated individuals in the home detention program as are set forth in this title for police officers.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Parole and probation employees assigned by the Director of Parole and Probation to supervise offenders on home detention under § 6–108 of the Correctional Services Article have the same powers to arrest these offenders as are set forth in this title for police officers.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Correctional officers designated by the Commissioner of Correction under § 3–216 of the Correctional Services Article have the same powers to arrest persons on the property of a correctional facility of the Division of Correction as are set forth in this title for police officers.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Correctional officers designated by the managing official of a local correctional facility under § 11–802 of the Correctional Services Article have the same powers to arrest persons on the property of the facility as are set forth in this title for police officers.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-208" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant of the Office of the State Fire Marshal may arrest a person without a warrant if the State Fire Marshal or assistant has probable cause to believe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a felony that is a crime listed in paragraph (2) of this subsection has been committed or attempted; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the person to be arrested has committed or attempted to commit the felony whether or not in the presence or within the view of the State Fire Marshal or assistant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The powers of arrest set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection apply only to the crimes listed in this paragraph and to attempts, conspiracies, and solicitations to commit these crimes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>murder under § 2–201(4) of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>setting fire to a dwelling or occupied structure under § 6–102 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>setting fire to a structure under § 6–103 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a crime that relates to destructive devices under § 4–503 of the Criminal Law Article; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>making a false statement or rumor as to a destructive device under § 9–504 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant of the Office of the State Fire Marshal may arrest a person without a warrant if the State Fire Marshal or assistant has probable cause to believe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person has committed a crime listed in paragraph (2) of this subsection; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>unless the person is arrested immediately, the person:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may not be apprehended;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>may cause physical injury or property damage to another; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>may tamper with, dispose of, or destroy evidence.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The crimes referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection are:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a crime that relates to a device that is constructed to represent a destructive device under § 9–505 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>malicious burning in the first or second degree under § 6–104 or § 6–105 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>burning the contents of a trash container under § 6–108 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>making a false alarm of fire under § 9–604 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a crime that relates to burning or attempting to burn property as part of a religious or ethnic crime under § 10–304 or § 10–305 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a crime that relates to interference, obstruction, or false representation of fire and safety personnel under § 6–602 or § 7–402 of the Public Safety Article; and</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>threatening arson or attempting, causing, aiding, counseling, or procuring arson in the first or second degree or malicious burning in the first or second degree under Title 6, Subtitle 1 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant in the Office of the State Fire Marshal may act under the authority granted by § 2–102 of this title to police officers as provided under paragraph (2) of this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>When acting under the authority granted by § 2–102 of this title, the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant in the Office of the State Fire Marshal has the powers of arrest set forth in §§ 2–202, 2–203, and 2–204 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant in the Office of the State Fire Marshal who acts under the authority granted by this section shall notify the following persons of an investigation or enforcement action:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>the chief of police, if any, or chief’s designee, when in a municipal corporation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the Police Commissioner or Police Commissioner’s designee, when in Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the chief of police or chief’s designee, when in a county with a county police department, except Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the sheriff or sheriff’s designee, when in a county without a county police department;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the Secretary of Natural Resources or Secretary’s designee, when on property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Department of Natural Resources; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the respective chief of police or chief’s designee, when on property owned, leased, operated by, or under the control of the Maryland Transportation Authority, Maryland Aviation Administration, or Maryland Port Administration; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Department of State Police barrack commander or commander’s designee, unless there is an agreement otherwise with the Department of State Police.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>When the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant in the Office of the State Fire Marshal participates in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant in the Office of the State Fire Marshal shall give the notice required under paragraph (1) of this subsection reasonably in advance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant in the Office of the State Fire Marshal who acts under the authority granted by this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>has the same immunities from liability and exemptions as a State Police officer in addition to any other immunities and exemptions to which the State Fire Marshal or full–time investigative and inspection assistant is otherwise entitled; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>remains at all times and for all purposes an employee of the employing unit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not impair a right of arrest otherwise existing under the Code.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not deprive a person of the right to receive a citation for a traffic violation as provided in the Maryland Vehicle Law or a criminal violation as provided by law or the Maryland Rules.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-208.1" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “Montgomery County fire and explosive investigator” means an individual who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is assigned full time to the Fire and Explosive Investigations Unit of the Montgomery County Fire and Rescue Service and is a paid employee;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has been employed by the Montgomery County Fire and Rescue Service as a firefighter/rescuer for at least 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has successfully completed a training program from a police training school approved by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission established under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Public Safety Article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>at all times maintains active certification by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a Montgomery County fire and explosive investigator has the same authority granted to the State Fire Marshal or a full-time investigative and inspection assistant of the Office of the State Fire Marshal under § 2-208 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>while operating in Montgomery County; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>while operating outside Montgomery County when:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the Montgomery County fire and explosive investigator is participating in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, at least one of which has local jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Montgomery County fire and explosive investigator is rendering assistance to another law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the Montgomery County fire and explosive investigator is acting at the request of a law enforcement officer or State law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an emergency exists.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Montgomery County Fire Chief:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may limit the authority of a Montgomery County fire and explosive investigator under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall express the limitation in a written policy.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-208.2" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis fire and explosive investigator” means an individual who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is assigned full time to the Fire and Explosive Investigations Section of the Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis Fire Marshal’s Office and is a paid employee;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has been employed by the Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis Fire Department as a firefighter for at least 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has successfully completed a training program from a police training school approved by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission established under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Public Safety Article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>at all times maintains active certification by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, an Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis fire and explosive investigator has the same authority granted to the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant of the Office of the State Fire Marshal under § 2–208 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>while operating in Anne Arundel County or the City of Annapolis; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>while operating outside Anne Arundel County or the City of Annapolis when:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis fire and explosive investigator is participating in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, at least one of which has local jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis fire and explosive investigator is rendering assistance to another law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis fire and explosive investigator is acting at the request of a law enforcement officer or State law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an emergency exists.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis Fire Chief:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may limit the authority of an Anne Arundel County or City of Annapolis fire and explosive investigator under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall express the limitation in a written policy.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-208.3" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “Prince George’s County fire and explosive investigator” means an individual who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is assigned full time to the Fire and Explosive Investigations Section of the Prince George’s County Fire/EMS Department;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has attained the position of deputy fire marshal; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has successfully completed a training program from a police training school approved by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission established under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a Prince George’s County fire and explosive investigator has the same authority granted to the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant of the Office of the State Fire Marshal under § 2–208 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>while operating in Prince George’s County; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>while operating outside Prince George’s County when:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the Prince George’s County fire and explosive investigator is participating in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, at least one of which has local jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Prince George’s County fire and explosive investigator is rendering assistance to another law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the Prince George’s County fire and explosive investigator is acting at the request of a law enforcement officer or State law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an emergency exists.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Prince George’s County Fire Chief:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may limit the authority of a Prince George’s County fire and explosive investigator under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall express the limitation in a written policy.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-208.4" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “fire and explosive investigator” means an individual who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is assigned full–time to the fire and explosive investigations section of the County Fire Marshal’s Office; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>has the rank of deputy fire marshal or higher; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>has successfully completed a training program from a police training school approved by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission established under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section applies only to Worcester County.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, a fire and explosive investigator has the same authority granted to the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant of the Office of the State Fire Marshal under § 2–208 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>while operating in Worcester County; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>while operating outside Worcester County when:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is participating in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, at least one of which has local jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is rendering assistance to another law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is acting at the request of a law enforcement officer or State law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an emergency exists.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The County Fire Marshal:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may limit the authority of a fire and explosive investigator under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall express the limitation in a written policy.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-208.5" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “fire and explosive investigator” means an individual who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is assigned full time to the fire and explosive investigations section of the City of Hagerstown Fire Marshal’s Office and is a paid employee;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has been employed by the City of Hagerstown Fire Department as a firefighter for at least 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has successfully completed a training program from a police training school approved by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission established under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Public Safety Article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>at all times maintains active certification by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a fire and explosive investigator has the same authority granted to the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant of the Office of the State Fire Marshal under § 2–208 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>while operating in the City of Hagerstown; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>while operating outside the City of Hagerstown when:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is participating in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, at least one of which has local jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is rendering assistance to another law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is acting at the request of a law enforcement officer or State law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an emergency exists.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The City of Hagerstown Fire Chief:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may limit the authority of a fire and explosive investigator under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall express the limitation in a written policy.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-208.6" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “fire and explosive investigator” means an individual who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is assigned full–time to the Fire Investigations Division of the Howard County Fire Marshal’s Office and is a paid employee;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has been employed by the Howard County Fire Department as a firefighter for at least 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has successfully completed a training program from a police training school approved by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission established under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Public Safety Article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>at all times maintains active certification by the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a fire and explosive investigator has the same authority granted to the State Fire Marshal or a full–time investigative and inspection assistant in the Office of the State Fire Marshal under § 2–208 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>while operating in Howard County; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>while operating outside Howard County when:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is participating in a joint investigation with officials from another state, federal, or local law enforcement unit, at least one of which has local jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is rendering assistance to another law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the fire and explosive investigator is acting at the request of a law enforcement officer or State law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an emergency exists.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Howard County Fire Chief:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may limit the authority of a fire and explosive investigator under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall express the limitation in a written policy.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-210" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Warrantless Arrests"> <level label="a"> <text>If a person employed as a watchman or guard believes that a person is trespassing on posted property that is used for a defense-related activity as defined in § 9-701 of the Criminal Law Article, the employee may detain the person and notify a law enforcement officer.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a law enforcement officer has probable cause to believe that a person has trespassed on posted property that is used for a defense-related activity as defined in § 9-701 of the Criminal Law Article, the law enforcement officer may arrest the person without a warrant for a violation of § 9-702 or § 9-703 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-301" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Fresh Pursuit"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies to a law enforcement officer of a jurisdiction in the State who engages in fresh pursuit of a person in the State.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Fresh pursuit is pursuit that is continuous and without unreasonable delay.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Fresh pursuit need not be instant pursuit.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In determining whether the pursuit meets the elements of fresh pursuit, a court shall apply the requirements of the common law definition of fresh pursuit that relates to these elements.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A law enforcement officer may engage in fresh pursuit of a person who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>has committed or is reasonably believed by the law enforcement officer to have committed a felony in the jurisdiction in which the law enforcement officer has the power of arrest; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has committed a misdemeanor in the presence of the law enforcement officer in the jurisdiction in which the law enforcement officer has the power of arrest.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A law enforcement officer who is engaged in fresh pursuit of a person may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>arrest the person anywhere in the State and hold the person in custody; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>return the person to the jurisdiction in which a court has proper venue for the crime alleged to have been committed by the person.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-304" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Fresh Pursuit"> <level label="a"> <text>In Part II of this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Fresh pursuit” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>fresh pursuit as defined by the common law; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>pursuit without unreasonable delay, but not necessarily instant pursuit, of a person who:</text> <level label="i"> <text>has committed or is reasonably suspected of having committed a felony; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is suspected of having committed a felony, although a felony has not been committed, if there is reasonable ground for believing that a felony has been committed.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“State” means a state of the United States or the District of Columbia.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-305" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Fresh Pursuit"> <level label="a"> <text>A member of a state, county, or municipal law enforcement unit of another state who enters this State in fresh pursuit and continues within this State in fresh pursuit of a person to arrest the person on the ground that the person is believed to have committed a felony in the other state has the same authority to arrest and hold the person in custody as has a member of a duly organized State, county, or municipal corporation law enforcement unit of this State to arrest and hold a person in custody on the ground that the person is believed to have committed a felony in this State.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not make unlawful an arrest in this State that would otherwise be lawful.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-306" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Fresh Pursuit"> <level label="a"> <text>If an officer of another state makes an arrest in this State in accordance with § 2-305(a) of this subtitle, the officer shall, without unnecessary delay, take the person arrested before a judge of the circuit court of the county in which the arrest was made for a hearing to determine the lawfulness of the arrest.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the judge determines that the arrest was unlawful, the judge shall discharge the arrested person.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-307" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Fresh Pursuit"> <text>After this Part II of this subtitle is passed and approved by the Governor, the Secretary of State shall certify a copy of this subtitle to the executive department of each state.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-308" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Fresh Pursuit"> <text>If any provision of Part II of this subtitle is for any reason declared void, the rest of Part II of this subtitle will still be valid.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-309" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Fresh Pursuit"> <text>Part II of this subtitle is the Maryland Uniform Act on Fresh Pursuit.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-401" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Custodial Interrogation"> <text>In this subtitle, “custodial interrogation” retains its judicially determined meaning.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-402" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Custodial Interrogation"> <text>It is the public policy of the State that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a law enforcement unit that regularly utilizes one or more interrogation rooms capable of creating audiovisual recordings of custodial interrogations shall make reasonable efforts to create an audiovisual recording of a custodial interrogation of a criminal suspect in connection with a case involving murder, rape, sexual offense in the first degree, or sexual offense in the second degree, whenever possible; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a law enforcement unit that does not regularly utilize one or more interrogation rooms capable of creating audiovisual recordings of custodial interrogations shall make reasonable efforts to create an audio recording of a custodial interrogation of a criminal suspect in connection with a case involving murder, rape, sexual offense in the first degree, or sexual offense in the second degree, whenever possible.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-403" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Custodial Interrogation"> <text>An audio or audiovisual recording made by a law enforcement unit of a custodial interrogation of a criminal suspect is exempt from the Maryland Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance Act.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-404" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Custodial Interrogation"> <text>On or before December 31, 2009, and annually thereafter, the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention and Policy shall report to the House Judiciary Committee and the Senate Judicial Proceedings Committee, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article on the progress of jurisdictions and the Department of State Police in establishing interrogation rooms capable of creating audiovisual recordings of custodial interrogations.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-405" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Custodial Interrogation"> <text>A custodial interrogation of a minor shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of § 3–8A–14.2 of the Courts Article.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-501" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>“Facial recognition technology” means a computer program, a service, or any other technology that analyzes facial features and is used by or at the direction of a law enforcement agency for the identification, verification, or persistent tracking of individuals in still or video images for use in criminal investigations.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Facial recognition technology” does not include technology:</text> <level label="i"> <text>used only for the analysis of facial features to grant or deny access to an electronic device; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>that uses an automated or semiautomated process only for the purpose of redacting a recording or an image for release or disclosure outside a law enforcement agency to protect the privacy of a subject depicted in the recording or image if the process does not generate or result in the retention of any biometric data or surveillance information.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Law enforcement agency” has the meaning stated in § 2–101 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-502" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, results generated by facial recognition technology may not be introduced in a criminal proceeding or in a delinquency proceeding under Title 3, Subtitle 8A of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, results generated by facial recognition technology may be considered or introduced as evidence in connection with a criminal proceeding only for the purpose of establishing probable cause or positive identification:</text> <level label="i"> <text>in connection with the issuance of a warrant; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>at a preliminary hearing.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, results generated by facial recognition technology may not serve as the sole basis to establish probable cause or the positive identification of an individual in a criminal investigation or proceeding.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Probable cause or positive identification may be established using facial recognition technology only if the results are supported by additional, independently obtained evidence establishing probable cause or a positive identification.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-503" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A police officer or other employee or agent of a law enforcement agency may not, in the furtherance of a criminal investigation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>use facial recognition technology to investigate a crime other than the commission of or the attempt to commit:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a crime of violence as defined in § 14–101 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a human trafficking offense under Title 3, Subtitle 11 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>first– or second–degree child abuse under § 3–601 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a child pornography offense under § 11–207 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a hate crime under § 10–304 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>a weapon crime under § 4–102, § 4–103, § 4–203(a)(1)(iii) or (iv), § 4–204, or § 4–303(a)(2) of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>a weapon crime under § 5–138, § 5–140, § 5–141, § 5–207(c)(16), § 5–406(a)(3), or § 5–703(a) of the Public Safety Article;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>aggravated cruelty to animals under § 10–606 or § 10–607 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>importation of fentanyl or a fentanyl analogue under § 5–614(a)(1)(xii) of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>stalking under § 3–802 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>a criminal act involving circumstances presenting a substantial and ongoing threat to public safety or national security; or</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>a crime under the laws of another state substantially equivalent to a crime listed in items 1 through 10 of this item involving a fugitive from justice charged with a crime in that state and sought under Title 9 of this article;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>analyze an image or a recording of an individual:</text> <level label="1"> <text>engaged in activity protected under the United States Constitution, the Maryland Constitution, or the Maryland Declaration of Rights, unless there is reasonable suspicion to believe that the individual has committed, is in the process of committing, or is about to commit a crime; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>who is not intended to be identified;</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>use facial recognition technology to analyze a sketch or manually produced image;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>disclose to a witness in the criminal investigation, prior to the witness participating in a live identification or photo array identification, that a particular suspect or image of a suspect was identified using facial recognition technology; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>use facial recognition technology for the purpose of live or real–time identification of an image or a recording.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, an image being evaluated using facial recognition technology may be compared only to images contained in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the database of images of driver’s license and identification card photos maintained by the Motor Vehicle Administration or the department of motor vehicles of another state; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a database of mugshot photos maintained by a local, State, or federal law enforcement agency or a law enforcement agency of another country.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>An image being evaluated using facial recognition technology may be compared to an image contained in a database other than a database described in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the law enforcement agency conducting the investigation has entered into an agreement with the entity that maintains the database governing the methods by which images in the database are collected; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the agreement provides that the agreement will be terminated in the event that the entity maintaining the database commits a material breach of the provisions governing the methods by which images in the database are collected.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Before being used for any purpose in relation to a criminal investigation, a result generated by facial recognition technology shall be independently verified by an individual who has completed training in accordance with § 2–505 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A police officer or other employee or agent of a law enforcement agency may not use facial recognition technology to identify an individual solely based on:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the police officer’s, employee’s, or agent’s personal interest not related to legitimate duties or objectives of the law enforcement agency;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the individual’s political or social beliefs or activities;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the individual’s participation in lawful activities; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the individual’s race, color, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, gender, disability, national origin, or status as being homeless.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection and subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, a result generated by facial recognition technology in violation of this section and all other evidence subsequently derived from the result may not be introduced by the State for any purpose in a criminal court proceeding or in a juvenile court proceeding under Title 3, Subtitle 8A of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Evidence derived from a result generated in violation of subsection (a)(1) of this section may be introduced for a purpose described in § 2–502 of this subtitle if the court finds that the evidence would otherwise be subject to a legally valid exception to the exclusionary rule.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>This subsection may not be construed to allow the use of a result generated using facial recognition technology to be introduced as evidence in a criminal trial or in an adjudicatory hearing held under § 3–8A–18 of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-504" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <text>The State shall disclose, in accordance with the Maryland Rules regarding discovery, whether facial recognition technology has been used in an investigation relevant to a criminal court proceeding or juvenile court proceeding under Title 3, Subtitle 8A of the Courts Article, the name of each facial recognition system used, a description and the names of the databases searched, and all results generated from the use of the facial recognition technology that led to further investigative action for each facial recognition system and for each database searched.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-505" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <level label="a"> <text>A law enforcement agency that uses or contracts for the use of facial recognition technology shall designate an employee of the law enforcement agency to be responsible for overseeing and administering the use of facial recognition technology in compliance with this subtitle as well as applicable local laws, regulations, and policies.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>On or before October 1 each year, a law enforcement agency that uses or contracts for the use of facial recognition technology shall complete an audit to determine compliance with this subtitle as well as applicable local laws, regulations, and policies.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The results of the audit conducted under this subsection, including any records, data, papers, or materials evaluated as part of the audit, shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>maintained by the law enforcement agency for at least 3 years after completion of the audit, after which the law enforcement agency may destroy all audit materials; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>unless all audit materials have been destroyed in accordance with item (i) of this paragraph, disclosed if requested by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the Attorney General;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the public defender;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a State’s Attorney;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a United States Attorney; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a designee of an individual described in items 1 through 4 of this item.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A police officer or other employee or agent of a law enforcement agency authorized to use facial recognition technology in the course of criminal investigations shall annually complete training administered by the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services under § 2–506 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-506" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <level label="a"> <text>The Department of State Police, in consultation with any other relevant State agency, shall adopt and publish a model statewide policy regarding the use of facial recognition technology.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A law enforcement agency may not use or contract for the use of facial recognition technology for use in criminal investigations unless the use is in accordance with the model statewide policy regarding the use of facial recognition technology adopted and published under subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>On or before June 30, 2026, the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services shall develop and administer a training program regarding the use of facial recognition technology in the course of criminal investigations, including training on cultural diversity and implicit bias.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In developing the training program required under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Department shall evaluate the availability and relevance of any proficiency testing regarding the use of facial recognition technology in the course of criminal investigations.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-507" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <text>This subtitle may not be construed to restrict the use of facial recognition technology for the purpose of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>identifying a missing or deceased person or a person who is incapacitated and unable to otherwise provide the person’s own identity;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>redacting a recording or an image for release or disclosure to protect the privacy of an individual depicted in a recording or an image;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>forensic analysis of electronic media seized by law enforcement in relation to a specific investigation if the person identified in the electronic media is not the subject of criminal charges resulting from the forensic analysis;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>enhancing security systems for preventing unauthorized access to information, goods, materials, areas, or other properties under the custody or care of a law enforcement agency; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>conducting otherwise legitimate activity unrelated to a criminal investigation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-508" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <level label="a"> <text>A law enforcement agency that uses facial recognition technology shall adopt and maintain a use and data management policy.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A law enforcement agency that develops a policy under subsection (a) of this section shall post a copy of the policy on the agency’s public website.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A law enforcement agency that contracts for use of a nongovernment facial recognition system shall disclose on its public website the name of the system and the names and a description of the databases searched.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-509" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <text>A person may bring a civil action against a law enforcement agency to compel compliance with this subtitle.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="2-510" title_number="2" title_name="Law Enforcement Procedures; Arrest Process" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Facial Recognition Technology"> <level label="a"> <text>On or before February 1 each year, a law enforcement agency using or contracting for the use of facial recognition technology shall prepare and publish an annual report that discloses information for the prior calendar year, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the name of each facial recognition system and the names and a description of the databases searched;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for each facial recognition system, the total number of facial recognition searches performed by the law enforcement agency and the type of crime or incident associated with each use;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the total number of possible matches returned that led to further investigative action for each facial recognition system and for each database searched including the age, race, and gender of individuals connected to the possible matches returned if the information is available from the government records searched; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>any data breaches or unauthorized uses of facial recognition technology under the law enforcement agency’s control.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>On or before May 1 each year, a law enforcement agency required to prepare a report under subsection (a) of this section shall submit the report to the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention, Youth, and Victim Services.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>On or before October 1 each year, the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention, Youth, and Victim Services shall submit to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly a report consisting of the information reported by law enforcement agencies under subsection (b) of this section, disaggregated by agency.</text> </level> </section>