<section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-101" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Citation” means a written charging document that a police officer or fire marshal issues to a defendant, alleging the defendant has committed a crime.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Citation” does not include an indictment, information, or statement of charges.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Fire marshal” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the State Fire Marshal;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a deputy State fire marshal; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>as designated under § 6–304 of the Public Safety Article:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an assistant State fire marshal; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a special assistant State fire marshal.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Police officer” has the meaning stated in § 2–101 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Within areas of the National Park System, a United States Park Police officer may exercise the authority of a police officer to issue a citation under this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, in addition to any other law allowing a crime to be charged by citation, a police officer shall charge by citation for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>any misdemeanor or local ordinance violation that does not carry a penalty of imprisonment;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>any other misdemeanor or local ordinance violation not involving serious injury or an immediate health risk for which the maximum penalty of imprisonment is 90 days or less, except:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>failure to comply with a peace order under § 3–1508 of the Courts Article;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>failure to comply with a protective order under § 4–509 of the Family Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>violation of a condition of pretrial or posttrial release under § 5–213.1 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>possession of an electronic control device after conviction of a drug felony or crime of violence under § 4–109(b) of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>violation of an out–of–state domestic violence order under § 4–508.1 of the Family Law Article; or</text> </level> <level label="F"> <text>abuse or neglect of an animal under § 10–604 of the Criminal Law Article; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>possession of cannabis under § 5–601 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, in addition to any other law allowing a crime to be charged by citation, a police officer may charge by citation for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>sale of an alcoholic beverage to an underage drinker or intoxicated person under § 6–304, § 6–307, § 6–308, or § 6–309 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>malicious destruction of property under § 6–301 of the Criminal Law Article, if the amount of damage to the property is less than $500;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>misdemeanor theft under § 7–104(g)(2) of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>possession of a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis under § 5–601 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>possession with intent to distribute cannabis under § 5–602(b)(1) of the Criminal Law Article; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>growing or manufacturing cannabis or a cannabis product under § 5–603(b) of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A police officer may charge a defendant by citation only if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the officer is satisfied with the defendant’s evidence of identity;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the officer reasonably believes that the defendant will comply with the citation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the officer reasonably believes that the failure to charge on a statement of charges will not pose a threat to public safety;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the defendant is not subject to arrest:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for an alleged misdemeanor involving serious injury or immediate health risk or an alleged felony arising out of the same incident; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>based on an outstanding arrest warrant; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="v"> <text>the defendant complies with all lawful orders by the officer.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A police officer who has grounds to make a warrantless arrest for an offense that may be charged by citation under this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>issue a citation in lieu of making the arrest; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>make the arrest and subsequently issue a citation in lieu of continued custody.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, in addition to any other law allowing a crime to be charged by citation, a fire marshal may issue a citation for:</text> <level label="i"> <text>discharging fireworks without a permit under § 10–104 or § 10–110 of the Public Safety Article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>possessing with intent to discharge or allowing the discharge of fireworks under § 10–104 or § 10–110 of the Public Safety Article; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>maintaining a fire hazard under § 6–317 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A fire marshal may issue a citation if the fire marshal is satisfied with the defendant’s evidence of identity and reasonably believes that the defendant will comply with the citation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not apply to a citation that is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>authorized for a violation of a parking ordinance or a regulation adopted by a State unit or political subdivision of the State under Title 26, Subtitle 3 of the Transportation Article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>authorized by the Department of Natural Resources under § 1–205 of the Natural Resources Article; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>authorized by Baltimore City under § 16–16A (special enforcement officers) of the Code of Public Local Laws of Baltimore City for violation of a code, ordinance, or public local law of Baltimore City concerning building, housing, health, fire, safety, zoning, or sanitation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as otherwise expressly provided by law, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall prescribe a uniform, statewide form of a citation.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except for the uniform motor vehicle citation form, the law enforcement agencies of the State, the United States Park Police, and the Office of the State Fire Marshal shall reimburse the District Court for printing the citation forms that law enforcement officers and the State Fire Marshal require.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-102" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <text>A State’s Attorney may charge by information:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in a case involving a felony that does not involve a felony within the jurisdiction of the District Court, if the defendant is entitled to a preliminary hearing but does not request a hearing within 10 days after a court or court commissioner informs the defendant about the availability of a preliminary hearing; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in any other case, if a court in a preliminary hearing finds that there is probable cause to hold the defendant.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-103" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <level label="a"> <text>If a defendant is charged with a felony other than a felony within the jurisdiction of the District Court, at the time of the defendant’s initial appearance, as required by Maryland Rule 4-213, a court or court commissioner shall advise the defendant of the defendant’s right to request a preliminary hearing.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If a defendant is charged with a felony other than a felony within the jurisdiction of the District Court, the defendant may request a preliminary hearing at the defendant’s initial appearance or at any time within 10 days after the initial appearance.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the defendant does not request a preliminary hearing within 10 days after the initial appearance, the right to a preliminary hearing is waived.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>If a defendant is charged with a felony other than a felony within the jurisdiction of the District Court, the right of a defendant to a preliminary hearing is absolute if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the defendant is charged by criminal information; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the defendant requests a preliminary hearing in accordance with subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the defendant is charged by grand jury indictment, the right of a defendant to a preliminary hearing is not absolute but the court may allow the defendant to have a preliminary hearing.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In any other case, the right of a defendant to a preliminary hearing is not absolute, but on motion of the State’s Attorney or the defendant, and subject to the Maryland Rules, the court may allow the defendant to have a preliminary hearing.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-104" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <text>If a statute makes a felony of a crime that is a misdemeanor at common law, a charging document:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may not merge the misdemeanor in the felony; but</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>may contain counts for the felony and for the misdemeanor.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-105" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <level label="a"> <text>In speaking of any partners, joint tenants, heirs, tenants in common, or trustees, a charging document may name any one of them and speak of them as the named person and another or others, as the case may be.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In stating the ownership or possession of real or personal property owned or possessed by two or more persons, a charging document may name one of the persons and lay the ownership or possession in the named person and another or others, as the case may be.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-106" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <level label="a"> <text>A charging document may describe an amount of money in dollars and cents without specifying the particular notes, denominations, coins, or certificates circulating as money that constitute the amount.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A description of an amount of money in dollars and cents under subsection (a) of this section is sustained by proof of any number of notes, denominations, coins, or certificates circulating as money without proof of the particular species of notes, denominations, coins, or certificates that constitute the amount.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-107" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <level label="a"> <text>It is not necessary to set forth a copy of an ordinance or a section of an ordinance in a charging document for the violation of an ordinance of a municipal corporation, a county, or a special taxing area.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A charging document specified in subsection (a) of this section is sufficient if it:</text> <level label="1"> <text>cites the ordinance alleged to have been violated by date of passage or, if codified, by article and section number;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>conforms to the law governing the framing of charging documents for a violation of an act of the General Assembly; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>concludes with the words “against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-108" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <level label="a"> <text>In making an averment as to an instrument, whether the instrument consists wholly or partly of writing, print, or figures, a charging document may describe the instrument by its usual name or designation or by its purport, without setting out a copy of the instrument or part of the instrument.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies to a charging document for:</text> <level label="i"> <text>counterfeiting, issuing, disposing of, altering, stealing, embezzling, destroying, or passing any kind of instrument; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>theft by the obtaining of property by false pretenses.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A charging document is sufficient if the charging document alleges that the defendant acted with the intent to defraud, without alleging the intent of the defendant to defraud any particular person.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-109" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Charging Procedures and Documents"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies only to a warrant, summons, or other criminal process for a misdemeanor offense.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A law enforcement agency may make a written request for the State’s Attorney within the jurisdiction of the law enforcement agency to petition the administrative judge of the district to have a warrant, summons, or other criminal process in the possession of the law enforcement agency invalidated and destroyed due to the age of the unexecuted warrant, summons, or other criminal process and unavailability of the defendant, or other special circumstances, if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the warrant, summons, or other criminal process was issued for the arrest of the defendant in order that the defendant might stand for trial and has remained unexecuted for at least 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the warrant, summons, or other criminal process was issued for the failure of the defendant to make a deferred payment of a fine or costs as ordered by the court and has remained unexecuted for at least 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the warrant, summons, or other criminal process was issued for a violation of probation and has remained unexecuted for at least 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>except as provided in item (5) of this subsection, the warrant, summons, or other criminal process was issued for the arrest of the defendant for the failure of the defendant to appear as directed by the court and has remained unexecuted for at least 5 years; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the defendant was released on bail posted by a private surety, and the warrant was issued for the arrest of the defendant for the failure of the defendant to appear as directed by the court and has remained unexecuted for at least 10 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>On receipt of a request made under subsection (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), or (b)(4) of this section, the State’s Attorney:</text> <level label="i"> <text>if the warrant, summons, or other criminal process has remained unexecuted for more than 5 years but less than 7 years, may petition the Administrative Judge of the District for the invalidation and destruction of the unexecuted warrant, summons, or other process; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the warrant, summons, or other criminal process has remained unexecuted for at least 7 years, shall petition the Administrative Judge of the District for the invalidation and destruction of the unexecuted warrant, summons, or other process.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On receipt of a request made under subsection (b)(5) of this section, the State’s Attorney shall petition the Administrative Judge of the District for the invalidation and destruction of the unexecuted warrant, summons, or other criminal process.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The State’s Attorney may argue against the invalidation and destruction of a warrant, summons, or other criminal process of which the State’s Attorney has petitioned the court for invalidation and destruction under subsection (c)(1)(ii) or (2) of this section due to a justifiable continuing active investigation of the case.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Unless preservation is determined by the court to be justifiable, the court shall order the invalidation and destruction of the unexecuted warrant, summons, or other criminal process in accordance with § 1–605 of the Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>An arrest may not be made under the authority of a warrant, summons, or other criminal process that has been ordered invalidated and destroyed.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>The State’s Attorney may enter a nolle prosequi or place the case on the stet docket at the time of the court order under this section.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>Nothing in this section may be construed to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>prevent the reissuance of a warrant, summons, or other criminal process;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>affect the time within which a prosecution for a misdemeanor may be commenced;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>nullify or remove a failure to appear designation that has been placed on an individual’s driving record by the Motor Vehicle Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>affect any pending criminal charge.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-201" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <text>In the District Court, a prosecution for a crime shall be brought in the district that includes the county where the crime was committed, and the trial shall be held in that county unless the case is lawfully removed.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a person is feloniously stricken or poisoned in a county and dies in another county of the same stroke or poison, a prosecution for the felony shall be brought in the county where the stroke or poison was given.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A prosecution may be brought in the county in which the defendant is arrested or first brought if the prosecution is for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a crime committed on the waters of the Chesapeake Bay and not in a county;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>aiding, abetting, or comforting the perpetrator of such a crime; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>being an accessory to such a crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If a person is feloniously stricken or poisoned on the waters of the Chesapeake Bay and not in a county, and dies of the same stroke or poison in a county, a prosecution for the felony, or for being an accessory to the felony, shall be brought in the county where the person died.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>If a person is feloniously stricken or poisoned in a county, and dies of the same stroke or poison on the waters of the Chesapeake Bay and not in a county, a prosecution for the felony, or for being an accessory to the felony, shall be brought in the county where the stroke or poison was given.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “common carrier” means a steamboat, railroad train, motor bus, airplane, or other means of intercity or interstate public transportation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, a prosecution for an indictable crime committed on a common carrier may be brought, and a District Court commissioner may hold the defendant to bail if the crime is bailable, in any county from, to, or through which the common carrier runs.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the accused is held to bail under this subsection by a District Court commissioner, prosecution for the crime shall be in the county where the defendant is held.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>A prosecution for a crime may be brought in the county in which process for the arrest and prosecution of the defendant is first issued if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the crime was committed at the boundary between counties; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the boundary is so uncertain or the site of the crime is so near to the boundary that it is doubtful in which county the crime was committed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To establish the venue alleged in the charging document, the State need only prove that a set of facts in paragraph (1)(i) or (ii) of this subsection is true.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>Except as otherwise provided by law, a prosecution of a person for being an accessory after the fact to murder or other felony shall be brought in the county in which the person became an accessory.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a prosecution of a person for a violation of § 2–201, § 2–204, or § 2–207 of the Criminal Law Article may be brought in the county in which the crime occurred or, if the location of the crime cannot be determined, in the county in which the body or parts of the body were found.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-202" future_version_removed="true" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Victim” has the meaning stated in § 11–104 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Victim’s representative” has the meaning stated in § 11–104 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a court exercising criminal jurisdiction in a case involving a child may transfer the case to the juvenile court before trial or before a plea is entered under Maryland Rule 4–242 if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the accused child was at least 14 but not 18 years of age when the alleged crime was committed;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the alleged crime is excluded from the jurisdiction of the juvenile court under § 3–8A–03(d)(1), (4), or (5) of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the court determines by a preponderance of the evidence that a transfer of its jurisdiction is in the interest of the child or society.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The court may not transfer a case to the juvenile court under subsection (b) of this section if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the child was convicted in an unrelated case excluded from the jurisdiction of the juvenile court under § 3–8A–03(d)(1) or (4) of the Courts Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the alleged crime is murder in the first degree and the accused child was 16 or 17 years of age when the alleged crime was committed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>In determining whether to transfer jurisdiction under subsection (b) of this section, the court shall consider:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the age of the child;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the mental and physical condition of the child;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the amenability of the child to treatment in an institution, facility, or program available to delinquent children;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the nature of the alleged crime; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the public safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>In making a determination under this section, the court may order that a study be made concerning the child, the family of the child, the environment of the child, and other matters concerning the disposition of the case.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The court shall make a transfer determination within 10 days after the date of a transfer hearing.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>If the court transfers its jurisdiction under this section, the court may order the child held for an adjudicatory hearing under the regular procedure of the juvenile court.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>Pending a determination under this section to transfer its jurisdiction, the court shall order the child to be held in a secure juvenile facility unless:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the child is released on bail, recognizance, or other conditions of pretrial release;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>there is not available capacity in a secure juvenile facility, as determined by the Department of Juvenile Services; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the court finds that detention in a secure juvenile facility would pose a risk of harm to the child or others.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the court makes a finding under paragraph (1)(iii) of this subsection that detention in a secure juvenile facility would pose a risk of harm to the child or others, the court shall state the reasons for the finding on the record.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>The provisions of § 3–8A–27 of the Courts Article relating to confidentiality of records apply to all police records and court records concerning the child excluded from the jurisdiction of the juvenile court under § 3–8A–03(d)(1), (4), or (5) of the Courts Article from the time of the child’s arrest until:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the time for filing of a motion to transfer to juvenile court under the Maryland Rules has expired and no such motion has been filed; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a motion to transfer to juvenile court has been denied.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a case is transferred to the juvenile court under this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the provisions of § 3–8A–27 of the Courts Article relating to confidentiality of records continue to apply to all police and court records concerning the child; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the criminal charge is subject to expungement under § 10–106 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>A victim or victim’s representative shall be given notice of the transfer hearing as provided under § 11–104 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A victim or a victim’s representative may submit a victim impact statement to the court as provided in § 11–402 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>This paragraph does not preclude a victim or victim’s representative who has not filed a notification request form under § 11–104 of this article from submitting a victim impact statement to the court.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The court shall consider a victim impact statement in determining whether to transfer jurisdiction under this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>Regardless of whether the District Court has jurisdiction over the case, at a bail review or preliminary hearing before the District Court involving a child whose case is eligible for transfer under subsection (b) of this section, the District Court:</text> <level label="i"> <text>may order that a study be made under the provisions of subsection (e) of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall order that the child be held in a secure juvenile facility pending a transfer determination under this section unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the child is released on bail, recognizance, or other conditions of pretrial release;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>there is not available capacity at a secure juvenile facility as determined by the Department of Juvenile Services; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the District Court finds that detention in a secure juvenile facility would pose a risk of harm to the child or others.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the District Court makes a finding under paragraph (1)(ii)3 of this subsection that detention in a secure juvenile facility would pose a risk of harm to the child or others, the District Court shall state the reasons for the finding on the record.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-202.1" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “child” means a defendant who is under the age of 18 years and whose case is eligible for transfer under the provisions of § 4-202(b)(1) and (2) and (c) of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a child remains in custody for any reason after a bail review hearing:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in the case of a child charged with a felony that is not within the jurisdiction of the District Court, the District Court shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>clearly indicate on the case file and in computer records that the case involves a detained child; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>set a preliminary hearing to be held within 15 days after the bail review hearing; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in the case of a child charged with a crime in the District Court, the District Court:</text> <level label="i"> <text>shall clearly indicate on the case file and in computer records that the case involves a detained child;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall set a transfer hearing under § 4-202 of this subtitle to be held within 30 days after the filing of the charging document;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>may order that a study be made under § 4-202 of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>shall require that prompt notice be given to counsel for the child, or, if the child is not represented by counsel, to the Office of the Public Defender.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>On receipt of a District Court case file that indicates that the case involves a child who was detained after a bail review hearing under subsection (b) of this section, a circuit court:</text> <level label="1"> <text>unless previously set by the District Court under subsection (b)(2) of this section, shall set a transfer hearing under § 4-202 of this subtitle to be held within 30 days after the filing of the charging document in the circuit court;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>unless previously ordered by the District Court under subsection (b)(2) of this section, may order that a study be made under § 4-202 of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>shall require that prompt notice be given to counsel for the child, or, if the child is not represented by counsel, to the Office of the Public Defender.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-202.2" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <text>At sentencing, a court exercising criminal jurisdiction in a case involving a child shall determine whether to transfer jurisdiction to the juvenile court if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>as a result of trial or a plea entered under Maryland Rule 4–242, all charges that excluded jurisdiction from the juvenile court under § 3–8A–03(d)(1) or (4) of the Courts Article do not result in a finding of guilty; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>pretrial transfer was prohibited under § 4–202(c)(2) of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the court did not transfer jurisdiction after a hearing under § 4–202(b) of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In determining whether to transfer jurisdiction under subsection (a) of this section, the court shall consider:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the age of the child;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the mental and physical condition of the child;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the amenability of the child to treatment in an institution, facility, or program available to delinquent children;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the nature of the child’s acts as proven in the trial or admitted to in a plea entered under Maryland Rule 4–242; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>public safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The court may not consider transferring jurisdiction to the juvenile court under this section if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under the terms of a plea agreement entered under Maryland Rule 4–243, the child agrees that jurisdiction is not to be transferred; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>pretrial transfer was prohibited under § 4–202(c)(1) of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A victim or victim’s representative shall be given notice of the transfer hearing as provided under § 11–104 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A victim or victim’s representative may submit a victim impact statement to the court as provided in § 11–402 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>This paragraph does not preclude a victim or victim’s representative who has not filed a notification request form under § 11–104 of this article from submitting a victim impact statement to the court.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The court shall consider a victim impact statement in determining whether to transfer jurisdiction under this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>If the court transfers its jurisdiction to the juvenile court, the court shall conduct a disposition under the regular procedures of the juvenile court.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The record of the hearing and of the disposition shall be transferred to the juvenile court, subject to § 3–8A–27 of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-203" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Corporation” includes a joint-stock company and an association.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Limited liability company” includes a limited liability partnership and a limited liability limited partnership.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a charging document is filed against a corporation or limited liability company, the clerk of court may issue a summons to the corporation or limited liability company in its corporate or company name to appear at the court to answer the charging document.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A summons served under subsection (b) of this section may be served in the same manner as provided for service of process in a civil suit under the Maryland Rules.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>If a sheriff or other officer returns a summons served under this section as “summoned” or “served”:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the corporation or limited liability company to whom the summons was issued shall be considered as in court and as appearing to the charging document; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the court shall order the clerk to enter an appearance for the corporation or limited liability company and to endorse a plea of not guilty on the charging document.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>After the clerk makes the entry and endorsement specified in paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, further proceedings may occur concerning the charging document in the same manner as if the corporation or limited liability company had appeared and pleaded not guilty.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>If a corporation or limited liability company is served a summons under this section and is convicted on the charging document, a court may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>pass a judgment concerning the charging document; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>issue process of execution to the sheriff of the county against the property of the corporation or limited liability company for the amount of the fine and costs that may be awarded against the corporation or limited liability company in the same manner as on a judgment in a civil action.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A sheriff shall sell the property of the corporation or limited liability company on an execution under paragraph (1) of this subsection in the same manner as on an execution issued in a civil suit.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-204" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, the words “accessory before the fact” and “principal” have their judicially determined meanings.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except for a sentencing proceeding under § 2–304 of the Criminal Law Article:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the distinction between an accessory before the fact and a principal is abrogated; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an accessory before the fact may be charged, tried, convicted, and sentenced as a principal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An accessory before the fact may be charged, tried, convicted, and sentenced for a crime regardless of whether a principal in the crime has been:</text> <level label="1"> <text>charged with the crime;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>acquitted of the crime; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>convicted of a lesser or different crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If a crime is committed in the State, an accessory before the fact may be charged, tried and convicted, and sentenced in a county where:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an act of accessoryship was committed; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a principal in the crime may be charged, tried and convicted, and sentenced.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-205" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <text>Before trial, a court exercising criminal jurisdiction in a case involving a child may order the child to undergo blood lead level testing.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A copy of the results of a test performed under subsection (a) of this section shall be provided to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the child;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the child’s parent or guardian;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the child’s counsel; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the State’s Attorney.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="4-206" title_number="4" title_name="Pretrial Procedures" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Venue and Other Procedural Matters"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Final disposition” means a dismissal, an entry of a nolle prosequi, the marking of a criminal charge “stet” on the docket, an entry of a not guilty verdict, the pronouncement of a sentence, or the imposition of probation under § 6–220 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Financial institution” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of the Financial Institutions Article.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Freeze assets” means to prohibit a person from transferring the person’s money by placing the money under seal or removing the money to a place designated by a court.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A State’s Attorney may file a petition to freeze assets of a defendant charged with violating § 8–801 of the Criminal Law Article with the circuit court of the county in which the defendant was charged if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the petition is filed within 60 days of the defendant being charged with a violation of § 8–801 of the Criminal Law Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the alleged value of lost or stolen property in the criminal charge giving rise to the petition is $10,000 or more;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the amount of money subject to the petition does not exceed the alleged value of lost or stolen property in the criminal charge giving rise to the petition; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the State’s Attorney sends a notice of intent to file a petition to each financial institution in possession of money subject to the petition.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A petition to freeze assets shall be served on the defendant in accordance with the Maryland Rules and include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the name of the defendant;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the case number of the charge giving rise to the petition;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a description of the money that is subject to the petition;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>if known or reasonably subject to discovery, the name of each financial institution in possession of any of the money; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>an oath or affirmation that the contents of the petition are true to the best of the State’s Attorney’s knowledge, information, and belief.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A petition to freeze assets shall be mailed to each financial institution in possession of money subject to the petition.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A court may grant a petition to freeze assets and issue an order to freeze assets if the State’s Attorney proves by a preponderance of the evidence that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the defendant has a legal, equitable, or possessory interest in the money listed in the petition; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the money listed in the petition is not jointly held unless the State’s Attorney also proves by a preponderance of the evidence that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the defendant transferred the defendant’s money to avoid being subject to an order to freeze assets; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the money listed in the petition was used in connection with a violation of § 8–801 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The order to freeze assets shall be served on each financial institution in possession of money subject to the order.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The order shall be served in accordance with the Maryland Rules and include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the name of the account holder;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the case number of the proceeding in which the court issued the order to freeze assets; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a description of the money that is subject to the order to freeze assets.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A financial institution is not obligated to restrict access to money described in a petition until:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an order to freeze assets has been served on the financial institution; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the financial institution has had a reasonable opportunity to freeze the assets.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>An order to freeze assets shall remain in effect until the earlier of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a dismissal, an entry of a nolle prosequi, or an entry of a not guilty verdict for the criminal charge for the violation giving rise to the order;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the marking of the charge “stet” on the docket, the pronouncement of a sentence, or the imposition of probation under § 6–220 of this article for the criminal charge giving rise to the order, provided that the defendant has made full restitution if ordered by the court; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>1 year after the final disposition of the criminal charge for the violation giving rise to the order.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>On motion, the court may modify an order to freeze assets to allow the defendant to make restitution, to allow the victim to collect restitution, or for good cause.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>This section does not prohibit a financial institution from exercising rights under applicable law, including the right to set off mutual debts under common law.</text> </level> </section>