<section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-101" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <text>This title applies to a person convicted in any court in the State who is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>confined under sentence of imprisonment; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>on parole or probation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-102" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (b) of this section, §§ 7-103 and 7-104 of this subtitle and Subtitle 2 of this title, a convicted person may begin a proceeding under this title in the circuit court for the county in which the conviction took place at any time if the person claims that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the sentence or judgment was imposed in violation of the Constitution of the United States or the Constitution or laws of the State;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court lacked jurisdiction to impose the sentence;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the sentence exceeds the maximum allowed by law; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the sentence is otherwise subject to collateral attack on a ground of alleged error that would otherwise be available under a writ of habeas corpus, writ of coram nobis, or other common law or statutory remedy.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may begin a proceeding under this title if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the person seeks to set aside or correct the judgment or sentence; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the alleged error has not been previously and finally litigated or waived in the proceeding resulting in the conviction or in any other proceeding that the person has taken to secure relief from the person’s conviction.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-103" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <level label="a"> <text>For each trial or sentence, a person may file only one petition for relief under this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Unless extraordinary cause is shown, a petition under this subtitle may not be filed more than 10 years after the sentence was imposed.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-104" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <text>The court may reopen a postconviction proceeding that was previously concluded if the court determines that the action is in the interests of justice.</text> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-105" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <level label="a"> <text>Before a hearing is held on a petition filed under this title, the victim or victim’s representative shall be notified of the hearing as provided under § 11-104 or § 11-503 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A victim or victim’s representative is entitled to attend any hearing under this title as provided under § 11-102 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-106" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <level label="a"> <text>For the purposes of this title, an allegation of error is finally litigated when:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an appellate court of the State decides on the merits of the allegation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>on direct appeal; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>on any consideration of an application for leave to appeal filed under § 7-109 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a court of original jurisdiction, after a full and fair hearing, decides on the merits of the allegation in a petition for a writ of habeas corpus or a writ of error coram nobis, unless the decision on the merits of the petition is clearly erroneous.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, an allegation of error is waived when a petitioner could have made but intelligently and knowingly failed to make the allegation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>before trial;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>at trial;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>on direct appeal, whether or not the petitioner took an appeal;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>in an application for leave to appeal a conviction based on a guilty plea;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>in a habeas corpus or coram nobis proceeding began by the petitioner;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>in a prior petition under this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>in any other proceeding that the petitioner began.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>Failure to make an allegation of error shall be excused if special circumstances exist.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The petitioner has the burden of proving that special circumstances exist.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>When a petitioner could have made an allegation of error at a proceeding set forth in paragraph (1)(i) of this subsection but did not make an allegation of error, there is a rebuttable presumption that the petitioner intelligently and knowingly failed to make the allegation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies after a decision on the merits of an allegation of error or after a proceeding in which an allegation of error may have been waived.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, an allegation of error may not be considered to have been finally litigated or waived under this title if a court whose decisions are binding on the lower courts of the State holds that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the Constitution of the United States or the Maryland Constitution imposes on State criminal proceedings a procedural or substantive standard not previously recognized; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the standard is intended to be applied retrospectively and would thereby affect the validity of the petitioner’s conviction or sentence.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-107" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <level label="a"> <text>The remedy provided under this title is not a substitute for and does not affect any remedy that is incident to the proceedings in the trial court or any remedy of direct review of the sentence or conviction.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>In a case in which a person challenges the validity of confinement under a sentence of imprisonment by seeking the writ of habeas corpus or the writ of coram nobis or by invoking a common law or statutory remedy other than this title, a person may not appeal to the Supreme Court of Maryland or the Appellate Court of Maryland.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subtitle does not bar an appeal to the Appellate Court of Maryland:</text> <level label="i"> <text>in a habeas corpus proceeding begun under § 9–110 of this article; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>in any other proceeding in which a writ of habeas corpus is sought for a purpose other than to challenge the legality of a conviction of a crime or sentence of imprisonment for the conviction of the crime, including confinement as a result of a proceeding under Title 4 of the Correctional Services Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-108" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person is entitled to assistance of counsel and a hearing on a petition filed under this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If a person seeks to reopen a postconviction proceeding under § 7–104 of this subtitle, the court shall determine whether assistance from counsel or a hearing should be granted.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If an appeal has been taken from the judgment of conviction to the Appellate Court of Maryland, until the judgment of conviction becomes final in the Appellate Court of Maryland, the court need not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>appoint counsel;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>hold a hearing; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>act on the petition.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-109" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="In General"> <level label="a"> <text>Within 30 days after the court passes an order in accordance with this subtitle, a person aggrieved by the order, including the Attorney General and a State’s Attorney, may apply to the Appellate Court of Maryland for leave to appeal the order.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The application for leave to appeal shall be in the form set by the Maryland Rules.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the Attorney General or a State’s Attorney states an intention to file an application for an appeal under this section, the court may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>stay the order; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>set bail for the petitioner.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the application for leave to appeal is granted:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the procedure for the appeal shall meet the requirements of the Maryland Rules; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Appellate Court of Maryland may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>affirm, reverse, or modify the order appealed from; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>remand the case for further proceedings.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If the application for leave to appeal is denied, the order sought to be reviewed becomes final.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Appellate Court of Maryland shall direct the political subdivision in which an order is passed to pay the necessary costs and expenses associated with a review under this section, including all court costs, stenographic services, and printing, if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a person seeks a review under this section within 30 days after judgment;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the Appellate Court of Maryland grants leave to appeal under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the Appellate Court of Maryland finds that the person is unable to pay the costs of the review.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcp" article_name="Criminal Procedure" number="7-301" title_number="7" title_name="Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Short Title"> <text>This title is the Uniform Postconviction Procedure Act.</text> </section>