<section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-101" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>In this part the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Distribute” means to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>give, sell, deliver, dispense, issue, or offer to give, sell, deliver, dispense, or issue; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>cause or hire a person to give, sell, deliver, dispense, issue or offer to give, sell, deliver, dispense, or issue.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>“Tobacco paraphernalia” means any object used, intended for use, or designed for use in inhaling or otherwise introducing tobacco products into the human body.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Tobacco paraphernalia” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a cigarette rolling paper;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipe with or without screen, permanent screen, or punctured metal bowl;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a water pipe;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a carburetion tube or device;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a smoking or carburetion mask;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>an object known as a roach clip used to hold burning material, such as a cigarette that has become too small or too short to be held in the hand;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>a chamber pipe;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a carburetor pipe;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>an electric pipe;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>an air–driven pipe;</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>a chillum;</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>a bong; and</text> </level> <level label="xiii"> <text>an ice pipe or chiller.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>“Tobacco product” means a product that is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>intended for human inhalation, absorption, ingestion, smoking, heating, chewing, dissolving, or any other manner of consumption that is made of, derived from, or contains:</text> <level label="1"> <text>tobacco; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>nicotine; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an accessory or a component used in any manner of consumption of a product described in item (i) of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Tobacco product” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco, chewing tobacco, snuff, and snus;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>electronic smoking devices; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>filters, rolling papers, pipes, and liquids used in electronic smoking devices regardless of nicotine content.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Tobacco product” does not include a drug, device, or combination product authorized for sale by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>“Venereal disease” includes gonorrhea, syphilis, chancroid, and any diseased condition of the human genitalia caused by, related to, or resulting from a venereal disease.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-102" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a government unit;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a health or medical agency approved by the Secretary of Health;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a medical, pharmaceutical, or other professional publication not publicly distributed; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a news item or article published in a newspaper, magazine, or book.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not advertise, allow to be advertised, or call to public attention:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a drug, medicine, preparation, or substance for the treatment, alleviation, or cure of venereal disease; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a person from whom or a place where a drug, medicine, preparation, or substance for the treatment, alleviation, or cure of venereal disease may be obtained.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500 for each violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-103" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a physician licensed to practice medicine;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a government unit; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the otherwise lawful conduct of business between commercial, medical, pharmaceutical, scientific, or government units.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except in accordance with a prescription written by a physician licensed to practice medicine, a person may not sell, dispense, or give to another a drug, medicine, preparation, substance, or a preparation containing a sulfonamide drug to alleviate, treat, or cure venereal disease.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A prescription under subsection (b) of this section shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the physician’s signature and address; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the date the prescription was written.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The person filling the prescription required under subsection (b) of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>shall write on the prescription the date it was filled;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall keep the prescription on file for at least 2 years after it was filled;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>shall allow the prescription to be inspected by State and local health authorities; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>may not refill the prescription except on the order of the physician who wrote the prescription.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding:</text> <level label="1"> <text>$50 for the first violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>$250 for each subsequent violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-105" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not sell or offer for sale a contraceptive or a contraceptive device, whether or not advertised as a prophylactic, by means of a vending machine or other automatic device at a kindergarten, nursery school, or elementary or secondary school.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 for each violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Each vending machine or other automatic device in a school is a separate violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-106" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not sell or offer for sale a clove cigarette.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine of $500.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-107" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to the distribution of a coupon that is redeemable for a tobacco product, if the coupon is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>contained in a newspaper, magazine, or other type of publication in which the coupon is incidental to the primary purpose of the publication; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>sent through the mail.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to the distribution of a tobacco product or tobacco paraphernalia to an individual under the age of 21 years who is acting solely as the agent of the individual’s employer if the employer distributes tobacco products or tobacco paraphernalia for commercial purposes.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who distributes tobacco products for commercial purposes, including a person licensed under Title 16, Title 16.5, Title 16.7, or Title 16.9 of the Business Regulation Article, personally or through an employee, may not distribute to an individual under the age of 21 years:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a tobacco product;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>tobacco paraphernalia; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a coupon redeemable for a tobacco product.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person not described in subsection (b)(2) of this section may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>purchase for or sell a tobacco product to an individual under the age of 21 years; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>distribute tobacco paraphernalia to an individual under the age of 21 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it is a defense that the defendant examined, in a direct, face–to–face exchange, the purchaser’s or recipient’s driver’s license or other valid identification issued by a government unit that positively identified the purchaser or recipient as at least 21 years of age.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding:</text> <level label="i"> <text>$500 for a first violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>$1,000 for a second violation occurring within 2 years after the first violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>$3,000 for each subsequent violation occurring within 2 years after the preceding violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In addition to the penalties under paragraph (1) of this subsection, if a person holds a license under Title 16, Title 16.5, Title 16.7, or Title 16.9 of the Business Regulation Article, the court shall order the Executive Director of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Commission to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>suspend the license for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a second violation, not more than 90 days; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>each subsequent violation, not more than 180 days; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for each subsequent violation, revoke the license.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For a determination made by a court under paragraph (2) of this subsection, the clerk of the court shall send a copy of the final order issued by the court to the Executive Director of the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Cannabis Commission.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Issuance of a civil citation for the sale of a tobacco product to an individual under the age of 21 years precludes a prosecution for a violation of § 24–307 of the Health – General Article arising out of the same violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>For purposes of this section, each separate incident at a different time and occasion is a violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-108" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who distributes products containing delta–8– or delta–10–tetrahydrocannabinol, including a person licensed under Title 16, Title 16.5, Title 16.7, Title 16.9, or Title 17 of the Business Regulation Article, may not distribute, purchase for sale, or sell a product containing delta–8– or delta–10–tetrahydrocannabinol to an individual under the age of 21 years.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it is a defense that the defendant examined the purchaser’s or recipient’s driver’s license, or other valid identification issued by a governmental unit, that positively identified the purchaser or recipient as being at least 21 years old.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Any website owned, managed, or operated by a person who distributes or sells a product containing delta–8– or delta–10–tetrahydrocannabinol shall employ a neutral age–screening mechanism that verifies that the user is at least 21 years old, including by using an age–gate, age–screen, or age–verification mechanism.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding:</text> <level label="1"> <text>$300 for a first violation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>$1,000 for a second violation occurring within 2 years after the first violation; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>$3,000 for each subsequent violation occurring within 2 years after the preceding violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-109" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not place or allow to be placed outside of a building or dwelling an abandoned or discarded refrigerator, icebox, or freezer cabinet that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is in a place accessible to children;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is uncrated; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has a door or a lock that cannot be released for opening from the inside.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 days or a fine not exceeding $100 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-110" future_version_removed="true" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Bi–county unit” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the Maryland–National Capital Park and Planning Commission; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Bulky item” means any discarded furniture, home or industrial appliance, or abandoned vehicle or part of an abandoned vehicle not designated for disposal purposes under the laws of Prince George’s County or Charles County.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Bulky item” does not include discarding, dropping, or scattering of small quantities of waste matter ordinarily carried on or about the person, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>beverage containers and closures;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>packaging;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>wrappers;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>wastepaper;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>newspapers;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>magazines; and</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>waste matter that escapes or is allowed to escape from a container, receptacle, or package.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Litter” means all rubbish, waste matter, refuse, garbage, trash, debris, dead animals, or other discarded materials of every kind and description.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Public or private property” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the right–of–way of a road or highway;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a body of water or watercourse or the shores or beaches of a body of water or watercourse;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a park;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a parking facility;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a playground;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>public service company property or transmission line right–of–way;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>a building;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a refuge or conservation or recreation area;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>residential or farm property; or</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>timberlands or a forest.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The General Assembly intends to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>prohibit uniformly throughout the State the improper disposal of litter on public or private property; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>curb the desecration of the beauty of the State and harm to the health, welfare, and safety of its citizens caused by the improper disposal of litter.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>dispose of litter on a highway or perform an act that violates the State Vehicle Laws regarding disposal of litter, glass, and other prohibited substances on highways; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>dispose or cause or allow the disposal of litter on public or private property unless:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the property is designated by the State, a unit of the State, or a political subdivision of the State for the disposal of litter and the person is authorized by the proper public authority to use the property; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the litter is placed into a litter receptacle or container installed on the property.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If two or more individuals are occupying a motor vehicle, boat, airplane, or other conveyance from which litter is disposed in violation of subsection (c) of this section, and it cannot be determined which occupant is the violator:</text> <level label="1"> <text>if present, the owner of the conveyance is presumed to be responsible for the violation; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the owner of the conveyance is not present, the operator is presumed to be responsible for the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, if the facts of a case in which a person is charged with violating this section are sufficient to prove that the person is responsible for the violation, the owner of the property on which the violation allegedly occurred need not be present at a court proceeding regarding the case.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to the penalties provided in this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person who disposes of litter in violation of this section in an amount not exceeding 100 pounds or 27 cubic feet and not for commercial gain is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 days or a fine not exceeding $1,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who disposes of litter in violation of this section in an amount exceeding 100 pounds or 27 cubic feet, but not exceeding 500 pounds or 216 cubic feet, and not for commercial gain is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $12,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A person who disposes of litter in violation of this section in an amount exceeding 500 pounds or 216 cubic feet or in any amount for commercial gain is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $30,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In addition to the penalties provided under paragraph (2) of this subsection, a court may order the violator to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>remove or render harmless the litter disposed of in violation of this section;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>repair or restore any property damaged by, or pay damages for, the disposal of the litter in violation of this section;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>perform public service relating to the removal of litter disposed of in violation of this section or to the restoration of an area polluted by litter disposed of in violation of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>reimburse the State, county, municipal corporation, or bi–county unit for its costs incurred in removing the litter disposed of in violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>If a person is convicted of a violation under this section and the person used a motor vehicle in the commission of the violation, the court shall notify the Motor Vehicle Administration of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court and the Administrative Office of the Courts, in conjunction with the Motor Vehicle Administration, shall establish uniform procedures for reporting a violation under this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A law enforcement unit, officer, or official of the State or a political subdivision of the State, or an enforcement unit, officer, or official of a commission of the State, or a political subdivision of the State, shall enforce compliance with this section.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A unit that supervises State property shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>establish and maintain receptacles for the disposal of litter at appropriate locations where the public frequents the property;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>post signs directing persons to the receptacles and serving notice of the provisions of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>otherwise publicize the availability of litter receptacles and the requirements of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>Fines collected for violations of this section shall be disbursed:</text> <level label="i"> <text>to the county or municipal corporation where the violation occurred; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the bi–county unit is the enforcement unit and the violations occurred on property over which the bi–county unit exercises jurisdiction, to the bi–county unit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, fines collected shall be used to pay for litter receptacles and posting signs as required by subsection (h) of this section and for other purposes relating to the removal or control of litter.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Fines collected in Prince George’s County shall be used to pay for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>maintenance costs associated with the pilot program established under subsection (k) of this section;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>litter receptacles and posting signs that are required by subsection (h) of this section and for other purposes related to the removal or control of litter;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the removal or control of litter, litter removal programs, oversight, and operations performed by the unit that supervises State property; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>rewards to members of the public who submit video evidence through a program established under subsection (k) of this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>The legislative body of a municipal corporation may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>prohibit littering; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>classify littering as a municipal infraction under Title 6 of the Local Government Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The governing bodies of Anne Arundel County, Prince George’s County, Calvert County, and Montgomery County may each adopt an ordinance to prohibit littering under this section and, for violations of the ordinance, may impose criminal penalties and civil penalties that do not exceed the criminal penalties and civil penalties specified in subsection (f)(1) through (3) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>The governing bodies of Prince George’s County and Charles County may each adopt an ordinance to prohibit the disposal of a bulky item:</text> <level label="1"> <text>on a highway; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>on public or private property unless the property is designated by the State, a unit of the State, or a political subdivision of the State for the disposal of bulky items and the person is authorized by the proper public authority to use the property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For violations of an ordinance adopted under this paragraph, a county may impose criminal penalties and civil penalties that do not exceed the criminal penalties and civil penalties specified in subparagraph (iii) of this paragraph.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A person who disposes of a bulky item in violation of this paragraph is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 days or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>The governing body for Prince George’s County may establish a pilot program allowing a member of the public to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>submit video evidence of an alleged violation of this section occurring in Prince George’s County to an enforcement unit with jurisdiction; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>receive half the total amount of any fines collected in relation to the violation if the video evidence leads to a conviction under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person fined under this subsection does not pay the fine, the governing body of Prince George’s County may refer the amount of the unpaid outstanding fine to the Central Collection Unit of the Department of Budget and Management.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <text>This section may be cited as the “Illegal Dumping and Litter Control Law”.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-111" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Bodily fluid” means blood, urine, saliva, or other bodily fluid.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Bodily fluid adulterant” means any substance or chemical that is intended, for the purpose of altering the results of a drug or alcohol screening test, to be:</text> <level label="1"> <text>consumed by a person;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>introduced into the body of a person; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>added to or substituted for a sample of bodily fluid.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Bodily fluid adulterant” includes synthetic urine.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Controlled dangerous substance” has the meaning stated in § 5–101 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Drug” has the meaning stated in § 5–101 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Drug or alcohol screening test” means an analysis of a sample of bodily fluid collected from a person for the purpose of detecting the presence of alcohol, drugs, or a controlled dangerous substance in the bodily fluid of the person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not, with intent to defraud or alter the outcome of a drug or alcohol screening test:</text> <level label="1"> <text>alter a bodily fluid sample;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>substitute a bodily fluid sample, in whole or in part, with:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a bodily fluid sample of another person or animal; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>any other substance;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>possess or use a bodily fluid adulterant;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>sell, distribute, or offer to sell or distribute:</text> <level label="i"> <text>any bodily fluid from a human or any animal; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>any bodily fluid adulterant; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>transport into the State:</text> <level label="i"> <text>any bodily fluid from a human or any animal; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>any bodily fluid adulterant.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first violation, a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for each subsequent violation, a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-112" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Department” means the Baltimore City Department of Housing and Community Development, or another department designated by the Mayor of Baltimore City.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Dumping site” means a location in Baltimore City that is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>owned by the city or the State; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>identified by the Department as property that has been repeatedly used for the disposal of litter in violation of State law or a local law or ordinance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or more.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a motor vehicle rental or leasing company; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Surveillance image” means an image recorded by a surveillance system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>on:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a photograph;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a micrograph;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>an electronic image;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>any other medium;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>showing the front or rear of a motor vehicle, and, on at least one image or portion of the tape, clearly identifying the registration plate number of the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>showing an individual committing a violation of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Surveillance system” means a collection of one or more cameras located at a dumping site that produces a surveillance image.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section applies to a violation of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter that occurs at a dumping site monitored by a surveillance system.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>place surveillance systems at dumping sites; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>use surveillance images to enforce the provisions of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the individual committing a violation received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner of the vehicle used to commit the violation, or in accordance with subsection (g)(4) of this section, the individual committing the violation, is subject to a civil penalty if the violation and the motor vehicle used to commit the violation are recorded on a surveillance image by a surveillance system while the individual is committing a violation of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A civil penalty under this subsection may not exceed $1,000.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court, in consultation with the Department, shall prescribe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a uniform citation form consistent with subsection (e)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a civil penalty, which shall be indicated on the citation, to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection, the Department shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (d) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the registration number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the location where the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>the date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a copy of the surveillance image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>the amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty must be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a signed statement by a duly authorized agent of the Department that, based on inspection of surveillance images, the motor vehicle was being used by an individual who was committing a violation of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>a statement that surveillance images are evidence of a violation of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section that failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is an admission of liability;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>may result in the refusal by the Motor Vehicle Administration to register the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>may result in the suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Department may mail a warning notice instead of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (d) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (g)(4) of this section, the Department may not mail a citation to a person who is not an owner.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (g)(4) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>pay the civil penalty, in accordance with the instructions on the citation, directly to Baltimore City; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>elect to stand trial in the District Court for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that a violation of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter occurred, sworn to or affirmed by a duly authorized agent of the Department, based on inspection of surveillance images produced by a surveillance system, shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in a proceeding alleging a violation under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of the evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the motor vehicle was stolen before the violation occurred and was not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not the person in the surveillance image committing the violation of the State illegal dumping and litter control law or a local law or ordinance relating to the unlawful disposal of litter; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In order to assert a defense under paragraph (1)(i) of this subsection, the owner shall submit proof that a police report regarding the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In order to satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court evidence to the satisfaction of the court of the identity of the person in the surveillance image who was actually committing the violation, including, at a minimum, the person’s name and current address.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation did not commit the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (3) of this subsection identifying the person who committed the violation, the clerk of the court shall provide the Department with a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the Department may issue a citation as provided in subsection (e) of this section to the person that the evidence indicates committed the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after the receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>If the person named in the citation does not pay the civil penalty and does not contest the violation, the Motor Vehicle Administration may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>refuse to register the motor vehicle cited in the violation; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>suspend the registration of the motor vehicle cited in the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may not be recorded by the Motor Vehicle Administration on the driving record of the owner or the driver of the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>may be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26–305 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <text>In consultation with the Department, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, the trial of civil violations, and the collection of civil penalties under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-113" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <text>An individual may not knowingly and willfully make a misrepresentation or false statement as to the age of that individual or another to any person licensed to sell alcoholic beverages or engaged in the sale of alcoholic beverages, for the purpose of unlawfully obtaining, procuring, or having unlawfully furnished an alcoholic beverage to an individual.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-114" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b)(1) of this section, and subject to subsection (b)(2) of this section, an individual under the age of 21 years may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>possess or have under the individual’s charge or control an alcoholic beverage unless the individual is a bona fide employee of the license holder as defined in § 1–101 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article and the alcoholic beverage is in the possession or under the charge or control of the individual in the course of the individual’s employment and during regular working hours; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>consume an alcoholic beverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The prohibitions set forth in subsection (a)(1) and (2) of this section do not apply if:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>an adult furnishes the alcoholic beverage to the individual or allows the individual to possess or consume the alcoholic beverage;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the individual possessing or consuming the alcoholic beverage and the adult who furnished the alcoholic beverage to the individual or allowed the individual to possess or consume the alcoholic beverage are members of the same immediate family; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the alcoholic beverage is furnished and consumed in a private residence of the adult or within the curtilage of the residence;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the individual consumes the alcoholic beverage as a participant in a religious ceremony; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the individual tastes the alcoholic beverage as a student enrolled in a course or program in enology, fermenting, brewing, or hospitality and tourism at an institution of higher education in accordance with § 1–411 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual may not be stopped on suspicion of a violation of subsection (a)(2) of this section or charged with a violation of subsection (a)(2) of this section unless the individual is observed in possession of an alcoholic beverage.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-115" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <text>An individual under the age of 21 years may not possess a card or document that falsely identifies the age of the individual under circumstances that reasonably indicate an intention to violate the provisions of this part.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-116" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <text>Except as provided in § 1–411 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article, an individual may not obtain, or attempt to obtain by purchase or otherwise, an alcoholic beverage from any person licensed to sell alcoholic beverages for consumption by another who the individual obtaining or attempting to obtain the beverage knows is under the age of 21 years.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-117" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person may not furnish an alcoholic beverage to an individual if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the person furnishing the alcoholic beverage knows that the individual is under the age of 21 years; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the alcoholic beverage is furnished for the purpose of consumption by the individual under the age of 21 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, an adult may not knowingly and willfully allow an individual under the age of 21 years actually to possess or consume an alcoholic beverage at a residence, or within the curtilage of a residence that the adult owns or leases and in which the adult resides.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The prohibition set forth in subsection (a) of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>does not apply if the person furnishing the alcoholic beverage and the individual to whom the alcoholic beverage is furnished:</text> <level label="1"> <text>are members of the same immediate family, and the alcoholic beverage is furnished and consumed in a private residence or within the curtilage of the residence; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>are participants in a religious ceremony; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an instructor while conducting in–class activities when teaching a course or program in enology, fermenting, brewing, or hospitality and tourism at an institution of higher education in accordance with § 1–411 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an institution of higher education, with respect to the in–class activities of the course or program.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The prohibition set forth in subsection (b) of this section does not apply if the adult allowing the possession or consumption of the alcoholic beverage and the individual under the age of 21 years who possesses or consumes the alcoholic beverage:</text> <level label="i"> <text>are members of the same immediate family, and the alcoholic beverage is possessed and consumed in a private residence, or within the curtilage of the residence, of the adult; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>are participants in a religious ceremony.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not violate subsection (a) or (b) of this section if the violation involves an individual under the age of 21 years who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the person knew or reasonably should have known would operate a motor vehicle after consuming the alcoholic beverage; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>as a result of operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of alcohol or while impaired by alcohol, causes serious physical injury or death to the individual or another.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-118" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>Except for a person licensed as an alcoholic beverages licensee under the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article who possesses a keg in the course of that person’s business, a person may not knowingly:</text> <level label="1"> <text>possess a keg that has not been registered under or does not have a registration form affixed to it as required by § 5–303 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>remove, alter, or obliterate, or allow to be removed, altered, or obliterated, a registration form that is affixed to a keg.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not allow an individual under the age of 21 years to consume any of the contents of a keg purchased by that person.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-119" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A person shall be issued a citation under this section if the person violates:</text> <level label="i"> <text>§§ 10–113 through 10–115 or § 10–118 of this part; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>§ 6–321 or § 6–322 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A minor who violates § 10–116 or § 10–117(a) of this part shall be issued a citation under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A citation for a violation of §§ 10–113 through 10–115 or a violation of § 10–118 of this part or § 6–321 or § 6–322 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article may be issued by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a police officer authorized to make arrests;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>in State forestry reservations, State parks, historic monuments, and recreation areas, a forest or park warden under § 5–206(a) or (b) of the Natural Resources Article; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, in Anne Arundel County, Frederick County, Harford County, Howard County, Kent County, Montgomery County, Prince George’s County, and Talbot County, and only in the inspector’s jurisdiction, an alcoholic beverages inspector who investigates license violations under the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In Anne Arundel County, Frederick County, Harford County, Howard County, Kent County, Montgomery County, Prince George’s County, and Talbot County, the inspector shall successfully complete an appropriate program of training in the proper use of arrest authority and pertinent police procedures as required by the board of license commissioners.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In Anne Arundel County, Harford County, Howard County, Kent County, Montgomery County, Prince George’s County, and Talbot County, the inspector may not carry a firearm in the performance of the inspector’s duties.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person authorized under this section to issue a citation shall issue it if the person has probable cause to believe that the person charged is committing or has committed a Code violation.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the form of citation issued to an adult shall be as prescribed by the District Court and shall be uniform throughout the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The citation issued to an adult shall contain:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the name and address of the person charged;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the statute allegedly violated;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the location, date, and time that the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the fine that may be imposed;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a notice stating that prepayment of the fine is not allowed;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a notice that the District Court shall promptly send the person charged a summons to appear for trial;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>the signature of the person issuing the citation; and</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a space for the person charged to sign the citation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The form of citation issued to a minor shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>be prescribed by the State Court Administrator;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>be uniform throughout the State; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>contain the information listed in § 3–8A–33(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Except for a citation subject to the jurisdiction of a circuit court, the issuing jurisdiction shall forward a copy of the citation and a request for trial to the District Court in the district having venue.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>The District Court shall promptly schedule the case for trial and summon the defendant to appear.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Willful failure of the defendant to respond to the summons is contempt of court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>For purposes of this section, a violation of §§ 10–113 through 10–115 or a violation of § 10–118 of this part or § 6–321 or § 6–322 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article is a Code violation and is a civil offense.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person charged who is under the age of 18 years shall be subject to the procedures and dispositions provided in Title 3, Subtitle 8A of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person charged who is at least 18 years old shall be subject to the provisions of this section.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Adjudication of a Code violation is not a criminal conviction for any purpose, and it does not impose any of the civil disabilities ordinarily imposed by a criminal conviction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>In any proceeding for a Code violation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the State has the burden to prove the guilt of the defendant to the same extent as is required by law in the trial of criminal causes, and in any such proceeding, the court shall apply the evidentiary standards as prescribed by law or rule for the trial of criminal causes;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court shall ensure that the defendant has received a copy of the charges against the defendant and that the defendant understands those charges;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the defendant is entitled to cross–examine all witnesses who appear against the defendant, to produce evidence or witnesses on behalf of the defendant, or to testify on the defendant’s own behalf, if the defendant chooses to do so;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the defendant is entitled to be represented by counsel of the defendant’s choice and at the expense of the defendant;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the defendant may enter a plea of guilty or not guilty, and the verdict of the court in the case shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>guilty of a Code violation; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>not guilty of a Code violation; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>before rendering judgment, the court may place the defendant on probation in the same manner and to the same extent as is allowed by law in the trial of a criminal case.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to a person who commits a Code violation under § 6–321 or § 6–322 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, if the District Court finds that a person has committed a Code violation, the court shall require the person to pay:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a fine not exceeding $500; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the violation is a subsequent violation, a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the District Court finds that a person has committed a Code violation under § 10–117 of this subtitle, the court shall require the person to pay:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a fine not exceeding $2,500; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the violation is a subsequent violation, a fine not exceeding $5,000.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court may not establish a schedule for the prepayment of fines for a Code violation under this part.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>When a defendant has been found guilty of a Code violation and a fine has been imposed by the court:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the court may direct that the payment of the fine be suspended or deferred under conditions that the court may establish; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the defendant willfully fails to pay the fine imposed by the court, that willful failure may be treated as a criminal contempt of court, for which the defendant may be punished by the court as provided by law.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>The defendant is liable for the costs of the proceedings in the District Court and for payment to the Criminal Injuries Compensation Fund.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court costs in a Code violation case in which costs are imposed are $5.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “driver’s license” means a license or permit to drive a motor vehicle that is issued under the laws of this State or any other jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection applies only to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a person who is at least 18 but under 21 years of age; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a minor if the minor is subject to the jurisdiction of the court.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If a person is found guilty of a Code violation under § 10–113 of this part that involved the use of a driver’s license or a document purporting to be a driver’s license, the court shall notify the Motor Vehicle Administration of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court, in conjunction with the Motor Vehicle Administrator, shall establish uniform procedures for reporting Code violations described in this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <level label="1"> <text>A defendant who has been found guilty of a Code violation has the right to appeal or to file a motion for a new trial or a motion for a revision of a judgment provided by law in the trial of a criminal case.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A motion shall be made in the same manner as provided in the trial of criminal cases, and the court, in ruling on the motion has the same authority provided in the trial of criminal cases.</text> </level> </level> <level label="m"> <level label="1"> <text>The State’s Attorney for any county may prosecute a Code violation in the same manner as prosecution of a violation of the criminal laws of this State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In a Code violation case the State’s Attorney may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>enter a nolle prosequi in or place the case on the stet docket; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>exercise authority in the same manner as prescribed by law for violation of the criminal laws of this State.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-120" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person being issued a citation under §§ 10-113 through 10-119 of this part or § 26-103 of the Education Article may not fail or refuse to furnish proof of identification and age on request of the person issuing the citation.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $50.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The juvenile court has jurisdiction over a minor who is within the age of juvenile court jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If there is a waiver of juvenile jurisdiction with respect to a minor who is otherwise subject to juvenile court jurisdiction, the District Court has jurisdiction over the matter, notwithstanding any contrary provision of § 4-301 of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-121" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to a person who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>was acting in the capacity of a licensee, or an employee of a licensee, under the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has committed a violation of and is subject to the penalties under § 6–304, § 6–307, § 6–308, or § 6–309 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, an adult who violates § 10–116 or § 10–117 of this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a fine not exceeding $2,500 for a first offense; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a fine not exceeding $5,000 for a second or subsequent offense.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An adult who violates § 10–117(d) of this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-123" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>In this part the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Alcoholic beverage” has the meaning stated in § 21–903 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Bus” has the meaning stated in § 11–105 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Cannabis” has the meaning stated in § 5–101 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>“Highway” has the meaning stated in § 11–127 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>“Limousine” has the meaning stated in § 11–129.1 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>“Motor home” has the meaning stated in § 11–134.3 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>“Motor vehicle” means a vehicle that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is self–propelled or propelled by electric power obtained from overhead electrical wires; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is not operated on rails.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Motor vehicle” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a low speed vehicle, as defined in § 11–130.1 of the Transportation Article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a moped, as defined in § 11–134.1 of the Transportation Article; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a motor scooter, as defined in § 11–134.5 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>“Moving violation” has the meaning stated in § 11–136.1 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>“Open container” means a bottle, can, or other receptacle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>that is open;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that has a broken seal; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>from which the contents are partially removed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <text>“Passenger area” has the meaning stated in § 21–903 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="l"> <text>“Taxicab” has the meaning stated in § 11–165 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-124" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>This part applies to a motor vehicle that is driven, stopped, standing, or otherwise located on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This part does not affect the provisions of § 21-903 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-125" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section, an occupant of a motor vehicle may not possess an open container that contains any amount of an alcoholic beverage in a passenger area of a motor vehicle on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A driver of a motor vehicle may not be subject to prosecution for a violation of this subsection based solely on possession of an open container that contains any amount of an alcoholic beverage by another occupant of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to the driver of a motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c) of this section, an occupant of a motor vehicle may not consume an alcoholic beverage in a passenger area of a motor vehicle on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An occupant of a motor vehicle may not smoke cannabis in a passenger area of a motor vehicle on a highway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Subsections (a)(1) and (b)(2) of this section do not apply to an occupant, who is not the driver, in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a motor vehicle designed, maintained, and used primarily for the transportation of a person for compensation, including:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a bus;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a taxicab; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a limousine; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the living quarters of a motor home, motor coach, or recreational vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Notwithstanding § 6–320, § 6–321, or § 6–322 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article, or any other provision of law, the prohibitions contained in this section apply throughout the State.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A violation of this section is not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a moving violation for the purposes of § 16–402 of the Transportation Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a traffic violation for the purposes of the Maryland Vehicle Law.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-126" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A police officer may issue a citation to a person who the police officer has probable cause to believe has committed a violation under this part.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A violation under this part is a civil offense.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of a violation under this part:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is not a criminal conviction for any purpose; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>does not impose any of the civil disabilities that may result from a criminal conviction.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A citation issued under this part shall be signed by the police officer who issues the citation and shall contain:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the name and address of the person charged;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the statute allegedly violated;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the date, location, and time that the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the fine that may be imposed;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a notice stating that prepayment of the fine is allowed; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>a notice that states that the District Court shall promptly send the person a summons to appear for trial.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The form of the citation shall be uniform throughout the State and shall be prescribed by the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court shall establish a schedule for the prepayment of a fine.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>The law enforcement agency of the police officer who issued the citation shall forward to the District Court having venue a copy of the citation and a request for trial.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The District Court shall promptly schedule the case for trial and summon the defendant to appear.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>If a person is found to have committed a violation under this part, the person is subject to a fine not exceeding $25.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>The court costs for a violation under this part are $5.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-127" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>In a proceeding for a violation under this part:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the State has the burden to prove the guilt of the defendant to the same extent as is required by law in the trial of a criminal case;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court shall apply the evidentiary standards as prescribed by law for the trial of a criminal case;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the court shall ensure that the defendant has received a copy of the charges against the defendant and that the defendant understands those charges;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the defendant is entitled to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cross-examine each witness who appears against the defendant;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>produce evidence and witnesses on the defendant’s own behalf;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>testify on the defendant’s own behalf if the defendant chooses to do so; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>be represented by counsel of the defendant’s own selection and expense;</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the defendant may enter a plea of guilty or not guilty;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the verdict shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>guilty of a civil violation; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>not guilty of a civil violation; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>before entering a judgment, a court may place the defendant on probation in the same manner and to the same extent as is permitted by law in a criminal case.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a defendant is found guilty of a violation under this part and a fine is imposed, a court may direct that the payment of the fine be suspended or deferred under conditions determined by the court.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A defendant’s willful failure to pay a fine imposed under this part may be treated as a criminal contempt punishable as provided by law.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A defendant who is found guilty of a violation under this part, as provided by law for a criminal case, may file:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an appeal;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a motion for a new trial; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a motion for a revision of a judgment.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The State’s Attorney for each county may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>prosecute a violation under this part in the same manner as a prosecution of a criminal case, including entering a nolle prosequi or placing the case on violation on a stet docket; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>exercise authority in the same manner prescribed by law for a violation of the criminal laws of the State.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-130" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>In this part, “Salvia divinorum” includes Salvinorin A and any material, compound, mixture, preparation, or product that contains Salvia divinorum or Salvinorin A.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Nothing in this part shall prohibit an accredited academic or medical institution or research facility from conducting research on Salvia divinorum or Salvinorin A or a derivative of Salvia divinorum or Salvinorin A.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This part does not preempt any local or municipal law regulating the use, possession, or distribution of Salvia divinorum or Salvinorin A.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-131" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not distribute Salvia divinorum to an individual under the age of 21 years.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In a prosecution for a violation of this section, it is a defense that the defendant examined the purchaser’s or recipient’s driver’s license or other valid identification issued by an employer, a government unit, or an institution of higher education that positively identified the purchaser or recipient as at least 21 years of age.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding:</text> <level label="1"> <text>$1,000 for a first violation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>$2,000 for a second violation occurring within 2 years after the first violation; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>$6,000 for each subsequent violation occurring within 2 years after the preceding violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>For purposes of this section, each separate incident at a different time and occasion is a separate violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-132" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <text>An individual under the age of 21 years may not possess Salvia divinorum.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-133" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who violates § 10–132 of this part shall be issued a citation under this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A citation for a violation of § 10–132 of this part may be issued by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a police officer authorized to make arrests; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in State forestry reservations, State parks, historic monuments, and recreation areas, a forest or park warden under § 5–206(a) of the Natural Resources Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person authorized under this section to issue a citation shall issue the citation if the person has probable cause to believe that the person charged is committing or has committed a violation of § 10–132 of this part.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the form of citation issued to an adult for a violation of § 10–132 of this part shall be as prescribed by the District Court and shall be uniform throughout the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The citation issued to an adult shall contain:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the name and address of the person charged;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the statute allegedly violated;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the location, date, and time that the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the fine that may be imposed;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a notice stating that prepayment of the fine is not allowed;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a notice that the District Court shall promptly send to the person charged a summons to appear for trial;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>the signature of the person issuing the citation; and</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a space for the person charged to sign the citation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The form of citation issued to a minor shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>be prescribed by the State Court Administrator;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>be uniform throughout the State; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>contain the information listed in § 3–8A–33(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The issuing jurisdiction shall forward a copy of the citation and a request for trial to the District Court in the district having venue.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The District Court shall promptly schedule the case for trial and summon the defendant to appear.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Willful failure of the defendant to respond to a summons described in paragraph (2) of this subsection is contempt of court.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>For purposes of this section, a violation of § 10–132 of this part is a Code violation and is a civil offense.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person charged who is under the age of 18 years shall be subject to the procedures and dispositions provided in Title 3, Subtitle 8A of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person charged who is at least 18 years old shall be subject to the provisions of this section.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Adjudication of a Code violation under § 10–132 of this part is not a criminal conviction for any purpose and does not impose any of the civil disabilities ordinarily imposed by a criminal conviction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>In any proceeding for a Code violation under § 10–132 of this part:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the State has the burden to prove the guilt of the defendant to the same extent as is required by law in the trial of criminal causes;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court shall apply the evidentiary standards as prescribed by law or rule for the trial of criminal causes;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the court shall ensure that the defendant has received a copy of the charges against the defendant and that the defendant understands those charges;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the defendant is entitled to cross–examine all witnesses who appear against the defendant, to produce evidence or witnesses on behalf of the defendant, or to testify on the defendant’s own behalf, if the defendant chooses to do so;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the defendant is entitled to be represented by counsel of the defendant’s choice and at the expense of the defendant; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the defendant may enter a plea of guilty or not guilty, and the verdict of the court in the case shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>guilty of a Code violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>not guilty of a Code violation; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>probation before judgment, imposed by the court in the same manner and to the same extent as is allowed by law in the trial of a criminal case.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>If the District Court finds that a person has committed a Code violation, the court shall require the person to pay:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, a fine not exceeding $500; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for a second or subsequent violation, a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court may not establish a schedule for the prepayment of fines for a violation under § 10–132 of this part.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>When a defendant has been found guilty of a Code violation and a fine has been imposed by the court:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the court may direct that the payment of the fine be suspended or deferred under conditions that the court may establish; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the defendant willfully fails to pay the fine imposed by the court, that willful failure may be treated as a criminal contempt of court, for which the defendant may be punished by the court as provided by law.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>The defendant is liable for the costs of the proceedings in the District Court and for payment to the Criminal Injuries Compensation Fund.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court costs in a Code violation case under § 10–132 of this part in which costs are imposed are $5.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>A defendant who has been found guilty of a Code violation under § 10–132 of this part has the right to appeal or to file a motion for a new trial or a motion for a revision of a judgment provided by law in the trial of a criminal case.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A motion shall be made in the same manner as provided in the trial of criminal cases, and the court, in ruling on the motion, has the same authority provided in the trial of criminal cases.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <level label="1"> <text>The State’s Attorney for any county may prosecute a Code violation under § 10–132 of this part in the same manner as prosecution of a violation of the criminal laws of the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In a Code violation case under § 10–132 of this part, the State’s Attorney may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>enter a nolle prosequi in or place the case on the stet docket; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>exercise authority in the same manner as prescribed by law for violation of the criminal laws of the State.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-136" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this part the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Table games” has the meaning stated in § 9–1A–01 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Video lottery employee” has the meaning stated in § 9–1A–01 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Video lottery facility” has the meaning stated in § 9–1A–01 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Video lottery terminal” has the meaning stated in § 9–1A–01 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, an individual under the age of 21 years may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>play a table game or video lottery terminal in a video lottery facility; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>enter or remain in an area within a video lottery facility that is designated for table game or video lottery terminal activities.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A video lottery employee who is an adult may enter or remain in an area within a video lottery facility that is designated for table game or video lottery terminal activities if the video lottery employee is working.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-137" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Public Health and Safety"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who violates § 10–136 of this part shall be issued a citation under this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A citation for a violation of § 10–136 of this part may be issued by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a police officer authorized to make arrests; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in State forestry reservations, State parks, historic monuments, and recreation areas, a forest or park warden under § 5–206(a) of the Natural Resources Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person authorized under this section to issue a citation shall issue the citation if the person has probable cause to believe that the person charged is committing or has committed a violation of § 10–136 of this part.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the form of citation issued to an adult for a violation of § 10–136 of this part shall be as prescribed by the District Court and shall be uniform throughout the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The citation issued to an adult shall contain:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the name and address of the person charged;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the statute allegedly violated;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the location, date, and time that the alleged violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the fine that may be imposed;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a notice that the District Court promptly shall send to the person charged a summons to appear for trial;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>the signature of the person issuing the citation; and</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>a space for the person charged to sign the citation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The form of citation issued to a minor shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>be prescribed by the State Court Administrator;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>be uniform throughout the State; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>contain the information listed in § 3–8A–33(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The issuing jurisdiction shall forward a copy of the citation and a request for trial to the District Court in the district having venue.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The District Court promptly shall schedule the case for trial and summon the defendant to appear.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Willful failure of the defendant to respond to a summons described in paragraph (2) of this subsection is contempt of court.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>For purposes of this section, a violation of § 10–136 of this part is a Code violation and is a civil offense.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person charged who is under the age of 18 years shall be subject to the procedures and dispositions provided in Title 3, Subtitle 8A of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person charged who is at least 18 years old shall be subject to the provisions of this section.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Adjudication of a Code violation under § 10–136 of this part is not a criminal conviction for any purpose and does not impose any of the civil disabilities ordinarily imposed by a criminal conviction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>In any proceeding for a Code violation under § 10–136 of this part:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the State has the burden to prove the guilt of the defendant to the same extent as is required by law in the trial of criminal cases;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court shall apply the evidentiary standards as prescribed by law or rule for the trial of criminal cases;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the court shall ensure that the defendant has received a copy of the charges against the defendant and that the defendant understands those charges;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the defendant is entitled to cross–examine all witnesses who appear against the defendant, to produce evidence or witnesses on behalf of the defendant, and to testify on the defendant’s own behalf, if the defendant chooses to do so;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the defendant is entitled to be represented by counsel of the defendant’s choice and at the expense of the defendant; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the defendant may enter a plea of guilty or not guilty, and the verdict of the court in the case shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>guilty of a Code violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>not guilty of a Code violation; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>probation before judgment, imposed by the court in the same manner and to the same extent as is allowed by law in the trial of a criminal case.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>If the District Court finds that a person has committed a Code violation, the court shall require the person:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, to pay a fine not exceeding $100;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for a second violation, to pay a fine not exceeding $500; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>for a third or subsequent violation, to pay a fine not exceeding $1,000 and to participate in gambling addiction treatment.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court may establish a schedule for the prepayment of fines for a violation under § 10–136 of this part.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>When a defendant has been found guilty of a Code violation and a fine has been imposed by the court:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the court may direct that the payment of the fine be suspended or deferred under conditions that the court may establish; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the defendant willfully fails to pay the fine imposed by the court, that willful failure may be treated as a criminal contempt of court, for which the defendant may be punished by the court as provided by law.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>The defendant is liable for the costs of the proceedings in the District Court and for payment to the Criminal Injuries Compensation Fund.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court costs in a Code violation case under § 10–136 of this part in which costs are imposed are $5.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>A defendant who has been found guilty of a Code violation under § 10–136 of this part has the right to appeal or to file a motion for a new trial or a motion for a revision of a judgment provided by law in the trial of a criminal case.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A motion shall be made in the same manner as provided in the trial of criminal cases, and the court, in ruling on the motion, has the same authority provided in the trial of criminal cases.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <level label="1"> <text>The State’s Attorney for any county may prosecute a Code violation under § 10–136 of this part in the same manner as prosecution of a violation of the criminal laws of the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In a Code violation case under § 10–136 of this part, the State’s Attorney may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>enter a nolle prosequi or place the case on the stet docket; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>exercise authority in the same manner as prescribed by law for violation of the criminal laws of the State.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-201" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Disturbing the Peace, Disorderly Conduct, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Public conveyance” means a conveyance to which the public or a portion of the public has access to and a right to use for transportation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Public conveyance” includes an airplane, vessel, bus, railway car, school vehicle, and subway car.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Public place” means a place to which the public or a portion of the public has access and a right to resort for business, dwelling, entertainment, or other lawful purpose.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Public place” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a restaurant, shop, shopping center, store, tavern, or other place of business;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a public building;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a public parking lot;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a public street, sidewalk, or right-of-way;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a public park or other public grounds;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the common areas of a building containing four or more separate dwelling units, including a corridor, elevator, lobby, and stairwell;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>a hotel or motel;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>a place used for public resort or amusement, including an amusement park, golf course, race track, sports arena, swimming pool, and theater;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>an institution of elementary, secondary, or higher education;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>a place of public worship;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>a place or building used for entering or exiting a public conveyance, including an airport terminal, bus station, dock, railway station, subway station, and wharf; and</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>the parking areas, sidewalks, and other grounds and structures that are part of a public place.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>For purposes of a prosecution under this section, a public conveyance or a public place need not be devoted solely to public use.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not willfully and without lawful purpose obstruct or hinder the free passage of another in a public place or on a public conveyance.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not willfully act in a disorderly manner that disturbs the public peace.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person may not willfully fail to obey a reasonable and lawful order that a law enforcement officer makes to prevent a disturbance to the public peace.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person who enters the land or premises of another, whether an owner or lessee, or a beach adjacent to residential riparian property, may not willfully:</text> <level label="i"> <text>disturb the peace of persons on the land, premises, or beach by making an unreasonably loud noise; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>act in a disorderly manner.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person from any location may not, by making an unreasonably loud noise, willfully disturb the peace of another:</text> <level label="i"> <text>on the other’s land or premises;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>in a public place; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>on a public conveyance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>In Worcester County, a person may not build a bonfire or allow a bonfire to burn on a beach or other property between 1 a.m. and 5 a.m.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 60 days or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-202" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Disturbing the Peace, Disorderly Conduct, and Related Crimes"> <text>A person who keeps a disorderly house is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not less than 10 days and not exceeding 6 months or a fine not less than $50 and not exceeding $300 or both.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-203" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Disturbing the Peace, Disorderly Conduct, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Commercial athletic contest” means an athletic or sporting event held in a public arena, field, hall, or stadium for admission to which the general public must pay an admission charge.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Object” means an item that may cause injury to a participant in or observer of the commercial athletic contest.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not disrupt or interfere with a commercial athletic contest by throwing or projecting an object on the playing field or seating area.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $250 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-204" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Disturbing the Peace, Disorderly Conduct, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Medical facility” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a facility as defined in § 10–101 of the Health – General Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a health care facility as defined in § 19–114 of the Health – General Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Medical facility” includes an agency, clinic, or office operated under the direction of the local health officer or under the regulatory authority of the Maryland Department of Health.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the chief executive officer of the medical facility;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a designee of the chief executive officer of the medical facility;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>an agent of the medical facility; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a law enforcement officer.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not prohibit:</text> <level label="i"> <text>speech; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>picketing in connection with a labor dispute as defined in § 4–301 of the Labor and Employment Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not intentionally act, alone or with others, to prevent another from entering or exiting a medical facility by physically:</text> <level label="1"> <text>detaining the other; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>obstructing, impeding, or hindering the other’s passage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-204.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Disturbing the Peace, Disorderly Conduct, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not use force, threat of force, or physical obstruction to interfere with or physically injure another while the other is lawfully exercising or attempting to lawfully exercise the right of religious freedom under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution at a place of religious worship.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-205" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Disturbing the Peace, Disorderly Conduct, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to a person who conducts a funeral, burial, memorial service, or funeral procession.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not knowingly obstruct, hinder, impede, or block another person’s entry to or exit from a funeral, burial, memorial service, or funeral procession.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not address speech to a person attending a funeral, burial, memorial service, or funeral procession that is likely to incite or produce an imminent breach of the peace.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not engage in picketing activity within 500 feet of a funeral, burial, memorial service, or funeral procession that is targeted at one or more persons attending the funeral, burial, memorial service, or funeral procession.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-301" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Gender identity” has the meaning stated in § 20–101 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Homeless” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>lacking a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>having a primary nighttime residence that is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a supervised publicly or privately operated shelter designed to provide temporary living accommodations; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a public or private place not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Sexual orientation” means the identification of an individual as to male or female homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-302" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <text>A person may not deface, damage, or destroy, or attempt or threaten to deface, damage, or destroy, personal or real property that is owned, leased, or used by a religious entity or for any religious purpose including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a place of worship;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a cemetery;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a religious school, educational facility, or community center; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the grounds adjacent to them.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-303" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <text>A person may not, by force or threat of force, obstruct or attempt to obstruct another in the free exercise of that person's religious beliefs.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-304" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <text>Motivated either in whole or in substantial part by another person’s or group’s race, color, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, sex, gender identity, disability, or national origin, or because another person or group is homeless, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>commit a crime or attempt or threaten to commit a crime against that person or group;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>deface, damage, or destroy, or attempt or threaten to deface, damage, or destroy the real or personal property of that person or group;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>burn or attempt or threaten to burn an object on the real or personal property of that person or group; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>make or cause to be made a false statement, report, or complaint that the person knows to be false as a whole or in material part, to a law enforcement officer of the State, of a county, municipal corporation, or other political subdivision of the State, or of the Maryland–National Capital Park and Planning Police, about that person or group, with the intent to deceive and to cause an investigation or other action to be taken as a result of the statement, report, or complaint, in violation of § 9–501 of this article; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>commit a violation of item (1) of this section that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>except as provided in item (ii) of this item, involves a separate crime that is a felony; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>results in the death of a victim.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-305" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <text>A person may not deface, damage, or destroy, attempt or threaten to deface, damage, or destroy, burn or attempt or threaten to burn an object on, or damage the real or personal property connected to a building that is publicly or privately owned, leased, or used, including a cemetery, library, meeting hall, recreation center, or school:</text> <level label="1"> <text>because a person or group of a particular race, color, religious belief, sexual orientation, sex, gender identity, disability, or national origin, or because a person or group that is homeless, has contacts or is associated with the building; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if there is evidence that exhibits animosity against a person or group, because of the race, color, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, sex, gender identity, disability, or national origin of that person or group or because that person or group is homeless.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-305.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <text>A person may not place or inscribe an item or a symbol, including an actual or depicted noose or swastika, whether temporary or permanent, on any real or personal property, public or private, without the express permission of the owner, owner’s agent, or lawful occupant of the property, with the intent to threaten or intimidate any person or group of persons.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-306" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person who violates this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates § 10–304(2)(i) of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates § 10–304(2)(ii) of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In addition to any other penalties imposed by this section, the court may require a person who violates this subtitle to complete an antibias education program.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-307" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a sentence imposed under this subtitle may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a person is convicted of a violation of § 10–304(1)(i) of this subtitle based on a violation of § 9–501.1 of this article, a sentence imposed under this subtitle shall be concurrent with a sentence imposed under § 9–501.1 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-308" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <text>Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to infringe on the speech of a religious leader or other individual during peaceable activity intended to express the leader’s or individual’s religious beliefs or convictions.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-309" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Hate Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who is the victim of an act that would constitute a violation of this subtitle may bring a civil action against the person or persons who committed the act in a court of competent jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The court may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>issue an injunction to prevent or restrain an act that would constitute a violation of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>award damages in accordance with subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Damages awarded by a court under this section may include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>economic damages and any other pecuniary loss sustained by the plaintiff that was proximately caused by the violation of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>noneconomic damages, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>pain and suffering;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, emotional distress;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, mental anguish;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>loss of enjoyment;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>loss of companionship, services, and consortium; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>other nonpecuniary loss sustained by the plaintiff that was proximately caused by the act that would constitute a violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court may also award reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs to a prevailing plaintiff.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Noneconomic damages under paragraph (1)(ii)2 and 3 of this subsection may not include emotional distress or mental anguish caused solely by the need to replace or repair personal or real property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Damages awarded by a court under subsection (c)(1) of this section may be equal to three times the amount of actual damages.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>This section does not affect any legal or equitable right or remedy otherwise provided by law.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-401" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Human Remains"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>“Associated funerary object” means an item of human manufacture or use that is intentionally placed:</text> <level label="i"> <text>with human remains at the time of interment in a burial site; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>after interment, as a part of a death ceremony of a culture, religion, or group.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Associated funerary object” includes a gravestone, monument, tomb, or other structure in or directly associated with a burial site.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>“Burial site” means a natural or prepared physical location, whether originally located below, on, or above the surface of the earth, into which human remains or associated funerary objects are deposited as a part of a death ceremony of a culture, religion, or group.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Burial site” includes the human remains and associated funerary objects that result from a shipwreck or accident and are left intentionally to remain at the site.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Permanent cemetery” means a cemetery that is owned by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a cemetery company regulated under Title 5 of the Business Regulation Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a nonprofit organization; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the State.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-402" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Human Remains"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsections (b) and (f) of this section, a person may not remove or attempt to remove human remains from a burial site.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subject to subsection (c) of this section, the State’s Attorney for a county may authorize in writing the removal of human remains from a burial site in the State’s Attorney’s jurisdiction:</text> <level label="1"> <text>to ascertain the cause of death of the person whose remains are to be removed;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>to determine whether the human remains were interred erroneously;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>for the purpose of reburial; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>for medical or scientific examination or study allowed by law.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, the State’s Attorney for a county shall require a person who requests authorization to relocate permanently human remains from a burial site to publish a notice of the proposed relocation in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where the burial site is located.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The notice shall be published in the newspaper one time.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The notice shall contain:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a statement that authorization from the State’s Attorney is being requested to remove human remains from a burial site;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the purpose for which the authorization is being requested;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the location of the burial site, including the tax map and parcel number or liber and folio number; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>all known pertinent information concerning the burial site, including the names of the persons whose human remains are interred in the burial site, if known.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The State’s Attorney may authorize the temporary relocation of human remains from a burial site for good cause, notwithstanding the notice requirements of this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the person requesting the authorization subsequently intends to relocate the remains permanently, the person promptly shall publish notice as required under this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The person requesting the authorization from the State’s Attorney shall pay the cost of publishing the notice.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>The State’s Attorney may authorize the removal of the human remains from the burial site after:</text> <level label="i"> <text>receiving proof of the publication required under paragraph (1) of this subsection; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>15 days after the date of publication.</text> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>This subsection may not be construed to delay, prohibit, or otherwise limit the State’s Attorney’s authorization for the removal of human remains from a burial site.</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>For a known, but not necessarily documented, unmarked burial site, the person requesting authorization for the removal of human remains from the burial site has the burden of proving by archaeological excavation or another acceptable method the precise location and boundaries of the burial site.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Any human remains that are removed from a burial site under this section shall be reinterred in:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>a permanent cemetery that provides perpetual care; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a place other than a permanent cemetery with the agreement of a person in interest as defined under § 14–121(a)(4) of the Real Property Article; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>in the presence of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a mortician, professional cemeterian, or other individual qualified in the interment of human remains;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a minister, priest, or other religious leader; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a trained anthropologist or archaeologist.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The location of the final disposition and treatment of human remains that are removed from a burial site under this section shall be entered into the local burial sites inventory or, if no local burial sites inventory exists, into a record or inventory deemed appropriate by the State’s Attorney or the Maryland Historical Trust.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>This section may not be construed to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>preempt the need for a permit required by the Maryland Department of Health under § 4–215 of the Health – General Article to remove human remains from a burial site; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>interfere with the normal operation and maintenance of a cemetery, as long as the operation and maintenance of the cemetery are performed in accordance with State law.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, human remains or the remains of a decedent after cremation, as defined in § 5–508 of the Health – General Article, may be removed from a burial site within a permanent cemetery and reinterred in:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the same burial site; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>another burial site within the boundary of the same permanent cemetery.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The following persons, in the order of priority stated, may arrange for a reinterment of remains under paragraph (1) of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the surviving spouse or domestic partner of the decedent;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an adult child of the decedent;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a parent of the decedent;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an adult brother or sister of the decedent;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a person acting as a representative of the decedent under a signed authorization of the decedent; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>the guardian of the person of the decedent at the time of the decedent’s death, if one has been appointed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>The reinterment under paragraph (1) of this subsection may be done without the need for obtaining the authorization of the State’s Attorney under subsection (b) of this section or providing the notice required under subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who arranges for the reinterment of remains within a permanent cemetery under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, within 30 days after the reinterment, shall publish a notice of the reinterment in a newspaper of general circulation in the county where the permanent cemetery is located.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The notice shall be published in the newspaper one time.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The notice shall contain:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>a statement that the reinterment took place;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>the reason for the reinterment;</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>the location of the burial site from which remains have been removed, including the tax map and parcel number or liber and folio number;</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>the location of the burial site in which the remains have been reinterred, including the tax map and parcel number or liber and folio number; and</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>all known pertinent information concerning the burial sites, including the names of the persons whose cremated remains or human remains are interred in the burial sites, if known.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Within 45 days after the reinterment, a person who arranges for a reinterment of remains under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection shall provide a copy of the notice required under this paragraph to the Office of Cemetery Oversight.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The location of a reinterment of remains under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be entered into the inventory of the local burial sites or, if no inventory exists, into a record or inventory deemed appropriate by the Maryland Historical Trust.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to § 5–106(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-403" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Human Remains"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a person acting in the course of medical, archaeological, educational, or scientific study;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a licensed mortician or other professional who transports human remains in the course of carrying out professional duties; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a person acting under the authority of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>§ 10-402 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>§ 4-215 or § 5-408 of the Health - General Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly sell, buy, or transport for sale or profit, or offer to buy, sell, or transport for sale or profit:</text> <level label="1"> <text>unlawfully removed human remains; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an associated funerary object obtained in violation of § 10-404 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The Maryland Historical Trust may appropriate all human remains and associated funerary objects obtained in violation of this subtitle for management, care, and administration until a determination of final disposition as provided by law.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>This section may not be construed to interfere with the normal operation and maintenance of a cemetery including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>correction of improper burial siting; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>moving the human remains within a cemetery with the consent of a person who qualifies as an heir as defined in § 1-101 of the Estates and Trusts Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-404" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Human Remains"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not willfully destroy, damage, deface, or remove:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an associated funerary object or another structure placed in a cemetery;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a building, wall, fence, railing, or other work, for the use, protection, or ornamentation of a cemetery; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>any other part of the grounds of a cemetery.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection do not prohibit the removal of a funerary object or a building, wall, fence, railing, or other object installed for the use, protection, or ornamentation of a cemetery or burial site or other part of the grounds of the cemetery for the purpose of repair or replacement, either at the request of or with the permission of heirs or descendants of the deceased or the owner or manager of the cemetery or burial site.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not willfully destroy, damage, or remove a tree, plant, or shrub in a cemetery.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection do not prohibit normal maintenance of a cemetery or burial site, including trimming of trees and shrubs, removal of weeds or noxious growths, grass cutting, or other routine care and maintenance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not engage in indecent or disorderly conduct in a cemetery.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a violation of subsection (a) of this section, imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a violation of subsection (b) or (c) of this section, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person who violates this section shall pay for the restoration of any damaged or defaced real or personal property in a cemetery to the owner of the property or the owner of the cemetery.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section does not prohibit the removal of human remains or a funerary object from an abandoned cemetery if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the removal is authorized in writing by the State’s Attorney of the county in which the cemetery containing the human remains or funerary object is located; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the human remains or funerary object are placed in an accessible place in a permanent cemetery.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-405" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Human Remains"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not, with the intent to conceal a crime, knowingly and willfully dismember, destroy, remove, bury, dispose of, or obliterate by any means any portion of human remains.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not aid or abet another in violating subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be consecutive to or concurrent with any other sentence imposed for any other crime based on the act establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-501" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Marriage"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not commit adultery.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction shall be fined $10.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-502" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Crimes Against Marriage"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to a person if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the person’s previous lawful spouse has been absent from the person for a continuous period of 7 years; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the person does not know whether the person’s previous lawful spouse is living at the time of the subsequent marriage ceremony.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>While lawfully married to a living person, a person may not enter into a marriage ceremony with another.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of bigamy and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 9 years.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>An indictment or warrant for bigamy is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date), in (county), having a living spouse, feloniously entered into a marriage ceremony with (name of subsequent spouse), in violation of § 10-502 of the Criminal Law Article, against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-601" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Animal” means a living creature except a human being.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>“Cruelty” means the unnecessary or unjustifiable physical pain or suffering caused or allowed by an act, omission, or neglect.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Cruelty” includes torture and torment.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Humane society” means a society or association incorporated in Maryland for the prevention of cruelty to animals.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-602" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <text>It is the intent of the General Assembly that each animal in the State be protected from intentional cruelty, including animals that are:</text> <level label="1"> <text>privately owned;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>strays;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>domesticated;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>feral;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>farm animals;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>corporately or institutionally owned; or</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>used in privately, locally, State, or federally funded scientific or medical activities.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-603" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <text>Sections 10–601 through 10–608 and 10–626 of this subtitle do not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>customary and normal veterinary and agricultural husbandry practices including dehorning, castration, tail docking, and limit feeding;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>research conducted in accordance with protocols approved by an animal care and use committee, as required under the federal Animal Welfare Act or the federal Health Research Extension Act;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>an activity that may cause unavoidable physical pain to an animal if the person performing the activity uses the most humane method reasonably available, including:</text> <level label="i"> <text>food processing;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>pest elimination;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>animal training; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>any hunting or fishing activity completed in accordance with Title 4 or Title 10 of the Natural Resources Article or any regulations adopted under those titles; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>normal human activities in which the infliction of pain to an animal is purely incidental and unavoidable.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-604" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>overdrive or overload an animal;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>deprive an animal of necessary sustenance;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>inflict unnecessary suffering or pain on an animal;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>cause, procure, or authorize an act prohibited under item (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>if the person has charge or custody of an animal, as owner or otherwise, unnecessarily fail to provide the animal with:</text> <level label="i"> <text>nutritious food in sufficient quantity;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>necessary veterinary care;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>proper drink;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>proper air;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>proper space;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>proper shelter; or</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>proper protection from the weather.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a condition of sentencing, the court may order a defendant convicted of violating this section to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>pay, in addition to any other fines and costs, all reasonable costs incurred in removing, housing, treating, or euthanizing an animal confiscated from the defendant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>As a condition of probation, the court may prohibit a defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with an animal.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-604.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not commit a violation of § 10–604 of this subtitle that results in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the death of a domestic animal or livestock; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the need to euthanize a domestic animal or livestock based on the recommendation of a licensed veterinarian, if the decision to euthanize the domestic animal or livestock is validated before or after the euthanasia by a second licensed veterinarian.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>As a condition of sentencing of a defendant convicted of violating this section, the court may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>order the defendant to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>pay, in addition to any other fines and costs, all reasonable costs incurred in removing, housing, treating, or euthanizing an animal confiscated from the defendant; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>prohibit the defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with an animal for a period of time determined by the court.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-605" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not knowingly attend a deliberately conducted dogfight as a spectator.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly attend as a spectator a deliberately conducted event that uses a fowl, cock, or other bird to fight with another fowl, cock, or other bird.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a condition of sentencing, the court may order a defendant convicted of violating this section to participate in and pay for psychological counseling.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-606" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section, “sexual contact with an animal” means any act:</text> <level label="i"> <text>involving:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a person touching the sex organ or anus of an animal;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>contact between:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>the sex organ or anus of a person and the mouth, sex organ, or anus of an animal; or</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>the sex organ or anus of an animal, and the mouth, sex organ, or anus of a person; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>insertion of:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>any part of the body of a person into the opening of the vagina or anus of an animal;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>any part of an animal’s body into the opening of the vagina or anus of a person; or</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>any object into the opening of the vagina or anus of an animal; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>committed for the purpose of sexual arousal, sexual gratification, abuse, or financial gain.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Sexual contact with an animal” does not include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an accepted veterinary practice;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>artificial insemination of an animal for reproductive purposes;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>accepted animal husbandry practices, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>grooming;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>raising;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>breeding;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>assisting with the birthing process; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>any other activity that provides care for an animal; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>generally accepted practices relating to the judging of breed confirmation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intentionally:</text> <level label="i"> <text>mutilate an animal;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>torture an animal;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>cruelly beat an animal;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>cruelly kill an animal; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>engage in sexual contact with an animal; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>cause, procure, or authorize an act prohibited under item (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of aggravated cruelty to animals and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a condition of sentencing, the court may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>order a defendant convicted of violating this section to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>pay, in addition to any other fines and costs, all reasonable costs incurred in removing, housing, treating, or euthanizing an animal confiscated from the defendant; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>prohibit a defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with an animal for a specified period of time.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-606.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Emergency response animal” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a dog used by a law enforcement unit in the State that is trained for law enforcement work and is subject to the control of a law enforcement officer who has completed handler training in accordance with the policies of the law enforcement unit that employs the officer;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a horse used by a law enforcement unit in the State for law enforcement work;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a search and rescue dog trained for or engaged in an effort directed by a State agency or a political subdivision of the State to locate or rescue a lost, injured, or deceased individual; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a horse used in a search and rescue effort directed by a State agency or a political subdivision of the State to locate or rescue a lost, injured, or deceased individual.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Law enforcement unit” has the meaning stated in § 10–101 of the Criminal Procedure Article.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Serious physical injury” means physical injury that causes permanent or protracted:</text> <level label="i"> <text>disfigurement;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>loss of the function of any bodily member or organ; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not intentionally harass or interfere with an emergency response animal during the lawful performance of the emergency response animal’s duties.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not intentionally injure an emergency response animal.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person may not violate paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection during the commission of a crime.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person may not intentionally kill or cause serious physical injury to an emergency response animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1) or (2) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(3) or (4) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Nothing in this section prohibits a defendant from asserting the defense of necessity or self–defense to a charge of violating this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>It is an affirmative defense to a charge of violating this section that the defendant acted reasonably to prevent physical harm resulting from a violation of the Maryland Use of Force Statute under § 3–524 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-607" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “baiting” means using a dog to train a fighting dog or to test the fighting or killing instinct of another dog.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>use or allow a dog to be used in a dogfight or for baiting;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>arrange or conduct a dogfight;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>possess, own, sell, transport, or train a dog with the intent to use the dog in a dogfight or for baiting; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>knowingly allow premises under the person’s ownership, charge, or control to be used to conduct a dogfight or for baiting.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of aggravated cruelty to animals and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a condition of sentencing, the court may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>order a defendant convicted of violating this section to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>pay, in addition to any other fines and costs, all reasonable costs incurred in removing, housing, treating, or euthanizing an animal confiscated from the defendant; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>prohibit a defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with an animal for a specified period of time.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-607.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section, “implement of dogfighting” means an implement, an object, a device, or a drug intended or designed:</text> <level label="i"> <text>to enhance the fighting ability of a dog; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for use in a deliberately conducted event that uses a dog to fight with another dog.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Implement of dogfighting” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a breaking stick designed for insertion behind the molars of a dog to break the dog’s grip on another animal or object;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a cat mill that rotates around a central support with one arm designed to secure a dog and one arm designed to secure a cat, rabbit, or other small animal beyond the grasp of the dog;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a springpole that has a biting surface attached to a stretchable device, suspended at a height sufficient to prevent an animal from reaching the biting surface while touching the ground;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a fighting pit or other confined area designed to contain a dogfight;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a breeding stand or rape stand used to immobilize female dogs for breeding purposes; and</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>any other instrument or device that is commonly used in the training for, in the preparation for, in the conditioning for, in the breeding for, in the conducting of, or otherwise in furtherance of a dogfight.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not possess, with the intent to unlawfully use, an implement of dogfighting.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a condition of sentencing, the court may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>order a defendant convicted of violating this section to participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>prohibit a defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with an animal for a specified period of time.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Each implement of dogfighting possessed in violation of this section is a separate offense.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-608" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section, “implement of cockfighting” means any implement or device intended or designed:</text> <level label="i"> <text>to enhance the fighting ability of a fowl, cock, or other bird; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for use in a deliberately conducted event that uses a fowl, cock, or other bird to fight with another fowl, cock, or other bird.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Implement of cockfighting” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a gaff;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a slasher;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a postiza;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a sparring muff; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>any other sharp implement designed to be attached in place of the natural spur of a gamecock or other fighting bird.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>use or allow the use of a fowl, cock, or other bird to fight with another animal;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>possess, with the intent to unlawfully use, an implement of cockfighting;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>arrange or conduct a fight in which a fowl, cock, or other bird fights with another fowl, cock, or other bird;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>possess, own, sell, transport, or train a fowl, cock, or other bird with the intent to use the fowl, cock, or other bird in a cockfight; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>knowingly allow premises under the person’s ownership, charge, or control to be used to conduct a fight in which a fowl, cock, or other bird fights with another fowl, cock, or other bird.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of aggravated cruelty to animals and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a condition of sentencing, the court may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>order a defendant convicted of violating this section to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>participate in and pay for psychological counseling; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>pay, in addition to any other fines and costs, all reasonable costs incurred in removing, housing, treating, or euthanizing an animal confiscated from the defendant; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>prohibit a defendant from owning, possessing, or residing with an animal for a specified period of time.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-608.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Enclosure” means a structure used for confinement, including a wire cage or an item traditionally used for another purpose such as a water tank or plastic barrel, that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is used to provide long–term housing for one adult rooster; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>prevents interaction with other roosters.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Property” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a parcel of land; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a combination of parcels of land operating as a single unit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Rooster” means a male chicken that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is at least 6 months old;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>has fully developed an adult plumage; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>is capable of crowing.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>commercial poultry producers, as defined in § 8–704.2 of the Agriculture Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a public school or nonpublic school that receives State funds;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a government–operated animal shelter;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>an animal welfare organization, as defined in § 19–701 of the Business Regulation Article;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a member of a 4–H or Future Farmers of America program if, on request of an animal control officer, an officer of a county humane society, or a police officer, the member provides in writing proof of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>membership in a 4–H or Future Farmers of America program; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>authorization from the county in which the roosters are located that specifies:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the reason for keeping roosters on a property;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the number of roosters that may be kept;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the breed of each rooster that may be kept;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the duration of time each rooster may be kept; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the address of the property where each rooster may be kept; or</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>a person if, on request of an animal control officer, an officer of a county humane society, or a police officer, the person provides in writing proof that the person kept more adult hens than roosters within the immediately preceding 6–month period.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Beginning January 1, 2027, a person who keeps roosters that are maintained individually may not keep a rooster movement–constrained through the use of an enclosure or tether.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not affect the authority of a county, municipality, or unit of local government to enact and enforce standards or requirements related to roosters that are more stringent than the requirements of this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not limit or supersede any other county, municipal, or State law, rule, or regulation that provides more stringent requirements regarding the keeping of roosters.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A violation of this section is a civil offense.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first offense, a warning;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for a second offense, a civil penalty of up to $500 per rooster; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>for a third or subsequent offense, a civil penalty of up to $1,000 per rooster.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>This section may be enforced by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>any State or local law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a local animal control authority for the jurisdiction where the violation occurs.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-609" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, if an officer of a humane society sees a person committing a misdemeanor that involves cruelty to an animal, the officer shall arrest and bring before the District Court the person committing the misdemeanor.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In Calvert County, if an officer of a humane society or an animal control officer appointed by the County Commissioners or the County Commissioners’ designee sees a person committing a misdemeanor that involves cruelty to an animal, the officer shall arrest and bring before the District Court the person committing the misdemeanor.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In Baltimore County, the Baltimore County Department of Health, Division of Animal Control shall enforce this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-610" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to a person giving away an animal:</text> <level label="1"> <text>as an agricultural project;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for conservation purposes; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>that is intended for slaughter.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Without the approval of the Secretary of Agriculture, a person may not give away a live animal as:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a prize for, or inducement to enter, a contest, game, or other competition;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an inducement to enter a place of amusement; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>an incentive to make a business agreement if the offer is to attract trade.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-611" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not kill or allow a dog or cat to be killed by use of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a decompression chamber;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>carbon monoxide gas; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>curariform drugs.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-612" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who owns, possesses, or has custody of a domestic animal may not drop or leave the animal on a road, in a public place, or on private property with the intent to abandon the animal.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $100.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-613" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a biomedical facility that is licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an animal that is accompanied by a signed statement from a licensed veterinarian stating that the animal’s dam is incapacitated for humane or medical reasons and cannot care for the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not sell or distribute in the State or bring into the State for the purpose of sale or distribution a domestic dog or cat less than 8 weeks of age unless accompanied by its dam.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may give an unaccompanied dog or cat to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an animal shelter or pound that is operated or supported by a government; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a humane society.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For purposes of humane disposal, a court may seize an animal brought into this State in violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-614" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “chick” means a chicken, duckling, or other fowl under the age of 3 weeks.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not prohibit the sale or display of a chick in proper facilities by a breeder or store engaged in the business of selling chicks for commercial breeding and raising.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>sell, offer for sale, barter, or give away a chick as a pet, toy, premium, or novelty; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>color, dye, stain, or otherwise change the natural color of a chick.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $25.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-615" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>If an owner or custodian of an animal is convicted of an act of animal cruelty, the court may order the seizure of the animal or any other animal at the time of conviction for the protection of the animal.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>An officer or authorized agent of a humane society, or a police officer or other public official required to protect animals may seize an animal if necessary to protect the animal from cruelty.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>An animal that a medical and scientific research facility possesses may be seized under this subsection only after review by and a recommendation from the Maryland Department of Health, Center for Veterinary Public Health.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The Maryland Department of Health shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>conduct an investigation within 24 hours after receiving a complaint; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>within 24 hours after completing the investigation, report to the State’s Attorney for the county in which the facility is situated.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>If an animal is impounded, yarded, or confined without necessary food, water, or proper attention, is subject to cruelty, or is neglected, an officer or authorized agent of a humane society, a police officer, another public official required to protect animals, or any invited and accompanying veterinarian licensed in the State, may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>enter the place where the animal is located and supply the animal with necessary food, water, and attention; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>seize the animal if seizure is necessary for the health of the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who enters a place under paragraph (1) of this subsection is not liable because of the entry.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who seizes an animal under subsection (c) of this section shall notify the animal’s owner or custodian by personal service or certified mail within 24 hours of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the seizure;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>any administrative remedies that may be available to the owner or custodian; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>if an administrative remedy is not available, the right to petition the court for the return of the animal under paragraph (2) of this subsection, including instructions describing how to petition the court for the return of the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If an administrative remedy is not available, the owner or custodian may file a petition for the return of the animal in the District Court of the county in which the seizure occurred within 10 days after the seizure.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>An animal is considered a stray and will be forfeited to a person who is authorized to seize the animal if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an owner or custodian of the animal was notified under subsection (d) of this section and failed to file a petition within 10 days after seizure; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the owner or custodian of the animal is unknown and cannot be ascertained by reasonable effort for 72 hours to determine the owner or custodian.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section does not allow:</text> <level label="1"> <text>entry into a private dwelling; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>without the prior recommendation of a veterinarian licensed in the State, seizure of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>livestock, as defined by § 1–101 of the Agriculture Article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>poultry, as defined by § 1–101 of the Agriculture Article; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a dog that is actively engaged in livestock herding or guarding.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>In Baltimore County, the Baltimore County Department of Health, Division of Animal Control or an organization that the Baltimore County government approves shall enforce this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-615.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “owner” means a person who can prove legal title to or ownership of an animal at issue on the date of the seizure.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>If an animal is seized under § 10–615 of this subtitle and the owner has filed a petition for return of the animal, an officer or authorized agent of a humane society, or a police officer or any other public official required to protect animals who represents the seizing person, may file a petition to join a proceeding conducted under § 10–615(d)(2) of this subtitle for the reasonable costs of caring for the animal, including the provision of food, water, shelter, and medical care.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If livestock, as defined by § 1–101 of the Agriculture Article, is seized under § 10–615 of this subtitle and the owner has not filed a petition for return of the animal, an officer or authorized agent of a humane society, or a police officer or any other public official required to protect animals who represents the seizing person, shall file a petition for the continued possession of the livestock and reasonable costs for caring for the livestock, including the provision of food, water, shelter, and medical care.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A petition filed under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be filed not less than 10 days but not more than 30 days after the seizure of an animal under § 10–615 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Within 7 days after filing a petition under this subsection, the petitioner shall serve a copy of the petition on the owner or custodian of the animal by personal service or by registered mail to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the owner’s or custodian’s mailing address;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the place of business of the owner’s or custodian’s counsel of record; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>if the owner or custodian is detained pretrial, the detention facility where the owner or custodian is located.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>On receipt of a petition filed under § 10–615(d)(2) of this subtitle or subsection (b)(1) of this section, the court shall set a date for a hearing to determine:</text> <level label="1"> <text>whether the seizure of the animal was warranted;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>whether the continued possession by the petitioner is warranted;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the responsibility of the owner or custodian for the reasonable costs of care for the seized animal; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>whether the owner or custodian may be allowed to own or possess a new animal during the pending proceeding and until the disposition of any criminal charges relating to the seizure.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A hearing under subsection (c) of this section shall be scheduled not less than 14 days but not more than 21 days from the service of the petition.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Within 7 days after the scheduling of the hearing date, a petitioner shall serve notice of the hearing date on the owner or custodian of the seized animal in the manner described under subsection (b)(3) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>At the hearing under subsection (c) of this section, the petitioner shall demonstrate by a preponderance of the evidence:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the amount of reasonable costs of care for the seized animal;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that the seizure of the animal was warranted; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>that the continued possession of the animal by the petitioner is warranted.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>During a hearing under subsection (c) of this section, the owner or custodian of the seized animal shall have the opportunity to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>object to the evidence presented by the petitioner; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>request an alternative disposition of the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Not later than 5 days after the conclusion of a hearing under § 10–615(d)(2) of this subtitle or subsection (b)(1) of this section, the court shall issue an order granting or denying the petitions.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Reasonable costs of care for a seized animal shall be limited to $15 per day per animal, in addition to necessary medical care, as determined by a licensed veterinarian and documented by invoices.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Necessary medical care may not exceed $50 per day per animal.</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>If the court awards payment of the reasonable cost of care of the seized animal to the petitioner, the court shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>order the owner or custodian of the seized animal to pay any filing fees paid by the petitioner to file the petition under subsection (b) of this section and the amount of reasonable costs of care; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>inform the owner or custodian of the animal of the right to petition for an adjustment of the amount of costs for care under paragraph (5) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="v"> <text>If the court finds that the seizure of an animal was warranted, the court may prohibit the owner or custodian of the animal from owning or possessing a new animal until the conclusion of any criminal proceedings related to the seizure of the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>The court order for filing fees and costs of care shall include a schedule of monthly payments to be paid by the owner or custodian to the clerk of the court beginning 30 days after the initial payment designated in the order.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The petitioner shall be eligible to draw funds held by the clerk of the court to reimburse its actual costs incurred for care of the animal.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Payments shall continue until termination under subsection (i) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Unless the proceeding involves not more than two animals and the only charges are neglect, the ability to pay by the owner or custodian may not affect the court’s determination as to the amount of the reasonable costs of care.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Not later than 14 days after service of the court order, the owner or custodian shall begin to make payments to the clerk of the court in accordance with the court order.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The owner or custodian shall continue to make payments as required by the court order until termination under subsection (i) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If an owner or a custodian fails to timely pay any of the amounts ordered within 30 calendar days:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the seized animal for which reasonable costs of care were ordered shall be automatically forfeited, by operation of law, to the petitioner; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the petitioner shall obtain all rights and privileges in and over the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>The court, on motion by a petitioner or the owner or custodian, and after notice and a hearing consistent with this section, may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>determine whether the continued possession of the animal by the petitioner is warranted; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>adjust the amount of costs for care.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Payments by the owner or custodian shall be suspended until the motion is decided.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Payment for reasonable costs of care by the owner or custodian of the seized animal does not prevent the petitioner from providing necessary medical care, including euthanizing the seized animal.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The petitioner may euthanize a seized animal if the petitioner obtains a written opinion from a local licensed veterinarian who states it is necessary to alleviate the animal’s suffering.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Unless immediate euthanasia is considered necessary by a veterinarian under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, reasonable notice shall be provided to the owner or custodian before the animal is euthanized.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Payment of reasonable costs of care under subsection (g) of this section may not prevent the petitioner from transferring the seized animal to another facility or caretaker if the court is notified of the transfer in a timely manner.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>A court order for costs shall terminate if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the owner of the animal surrenders all rights to the animal;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the animal is forfeited to the petitioner under § 10–615(e) of this subtitle or subsection (g)(4) or (l) of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the animal dies or is euthanized.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>After termination of the order, any unused funds retained by the clerk of the court shall be returned to the owner or custodian of the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <text>A petitioner shall be immune from civil liability for damages alleged by an owner or a custodian concerning the care provided by the petitioner, except for intentional misconduct or gross negligence resulting in the death of the seized animal.</text> </level> <level label="k"> <text>If the owner or custodian of the seized animal is acquitted of all criminal charges and if all costs ordered to be paid under this section have been timely paid, the owner or custodian of the animal is entitled to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>take repossession of the animal; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a return of all reasonable costs of care paid by the owner or custodian.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <text>If the owner or custodian of the seized animal is convicted of any criminal charges brought in relation to a seizure under § 10–615 of this subtitle, any animals seized shall be forfeited.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <text>This section may not be construed to prevent an officer or authorized agent of a humane society, or a police officer or other public official required to protect animals, from seeking restitution as part of sentencing if a person does not seek costs of care under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-616" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to premises:</text> <level label="1"> <text>where dogs are kept or bred solely for medical or related research or laboratory tests;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>operated by a licensed and regularly practicing veterinarian; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>where hunting dogs are housed, if the buying, selling, trading, or breeding is incidental to the main purposes of housing, keeping, and using dogs.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>To determine if dogs are being treated inhumanely in violation of this subtitle or other law, an authorized director of a humane society, accompanied by a sheriff or a deputy sheriff, may inspect a premises:</text> <level label="i"> <text>where a person is engaged in the business of buying, selling, trading, or breeding dogs; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>of a kennel where 25 or more dogs are kept.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who inspects premises under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall give prior written notice of the time and date of the inspection to the owner or occupant of the premises.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>In Baltimore City, the Baltimore City Health Department shall enforce this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In Baltimore County, the Baltimore County Department of Health, Division of Animal Control or an organization that the Baltimore County government approves shall enforce this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-617" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “animal control unit” means the local organization or governmental unit that the appropriate local governmental body designates to house, care for, and control domestic animals of unknown ownership.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An animal control unit shall dispose of an unclaimed dog or cat only by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>placing the animal in a suitable home;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>retaining the animal in the animal control unit; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>humanely destroying the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A domestic animal that is impounded by an animal control unit may not be sold, placed, or destroyed until the animal has been carefully inspected for a tag, tattoo, microchip, or other identification to ascertain the owner and:</text> <level label="1"> <text>72 hours have elapsed after notice has been given to the owner;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the owner cannot be notified, 72 hours have elapsed after the animal is impounded;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the animal is seriously diseased or severely injured; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the animal is under 3 months of age.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>An animal control unit shall make a reasonable effort to notify the owner of the location of and the procedure for retrieving an impounded animal.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An owner who retrieves an animal from an animal control unit shall pay all fees, costs, and expenses incurred by the animal control unit.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The necessary expenses for food and attention given to an animal under this section may be collected from the owner, and the animal is not exempt from levy and sale on execution of a judgment for the expenses.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A new owner with whom an animal is placed under subsection (b)(1) of this section may be charged an adoption fee.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person who violates this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first offense, is subject to a civil fine not exceeding $500; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a second or subsequent offense, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-618" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not willfully and maliciously give poison or ground glass to a dog, or expose poison or ground glass, with the intent that a dog ingest it.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $100 for each violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-619" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Dangerous dog” means a dog that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>without provocation has killed or inflicted severe injury on a person; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is determined by the appropriate unit of a county or municipal corporation under subsection (c) of this section to be a potentially dangerous dog and, after the determination is made:</text> <level label="1"> <text>bites a person;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>when not on its owner’s real property, kills or inflicts severe injury on a domestic animal; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>attacks without provocation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner’s real property” means real property owned or leased by the owner of a dog.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner’s real property” does not include a public right-of-way or a common area of a condominium, apartment complex, or townhouse development.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Severe injury” means a physical injury that results in broken bones or disfiguring lacerations requiring multiple sutures or cosmetic surgery.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to a dog owned by and working for a governmental or law enforcement unit.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An appropriate unit of a county or municipal corporation may determine that a dog is potentially dangerous if the unit:</text> <level label="1"> <text>finds that the dog:</text> <level label="i"> <text>has inflicted a bite on a person while on public or private real property;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>when not on its owner’s real property, has killed or inflicted severe injury on a domestic animal; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>has attacked without provocation; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>notifies the dog owner in writing of the reasons for this determination.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A dog owner may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>leave a dangerous dog unattended on the owner’s real property unless the dog is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>confined indoors;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>in a securely enclosed and locked pen; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>in another structure designed to restrain the dog; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>allow a dangerous dog to leave the owner’s real property unless the dog is leashed and muzzled, or is otherwise securely restrained and muzzled.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>An owner of a dangerous dog or potentially dangerous dog who sells or gives the dog to another shall notify in writing:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the authority that made the determination under subsection (c) of this section, of the name and address of the new owner of the dog; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the person taking possession of the dog, of the dangerous behavior or potentially dangerous behavior of the dog.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $2,500.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-620" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “equine” includes horses, donkeys, mules, and ponies.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to the owner of the equine or a person acting on behalf of or at the direction of the owner of the equine.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>willfully and maliciously interfere with, injure, destroy, or tamper with an equine used for:</text> <level label="i"> <text>racing or breeding;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a competitive exhibition of skill, breed, or stamina; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>any other lawful activity;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>willfully start, instigate, engage in, or further an act that interferes with, injures, destroys, or tampers with an equine used for:</text> <level label="i"> <text>racing or breeding;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a competitive exhibition of skill, breed, or stamina; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>any other lawful activity; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>commit an act that tends to interfere with, injure, destroy, or tamper with an equine used for:</text> <level label="i"> <text>racing or breeding;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a competitive exhibition of skill, breed, or stamina; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>any other lawful activity.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-621" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b)(2) of this section, this section does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a research facility or federal research facility licensed under the federal Animal Welfare Act;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the holder of a Class C Exhibitor’s License under the Animal Welfare Act, 7 U.S.C. § 2131 et seq., that displays the animals specified in subsection (b) of this section in a public setting as the exhibitor’s primary function;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a person who possesses a valid license or permit issued by the Department of Natural Resources to import, sell, trade, barter, possess, breed, or exchange an animal specified in subsection (b) of this section;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an animal sanctuary that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is a nonprofit organization qualified under § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>operates a place of refuge for abused, neglected, impounded, abandoned, orphaned, or displaced wildlife;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>does not conduct commercial activity with respect to any animal of which the organization is an owner; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>does not buy, sell, trade, lease, or breed any animal except as an integral part of the species survival plan of the American Zoo and Aquarium Association;</text> </level> </level> <level label="v"> <text>an animal control officer under the jurisdiction of the State or a local governing authority, a law enforcement officer acting under the authority of this subtitle, or a private contractor of a county or municipal corporation that is responsible for animal control operations;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a person who holds a valid license to practice veterinary medicine in the State and treats the animal specified in subsection (b) of this section in accordance with customary and normal veterinary practices;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>a person who is not a resident of the State and is in the State for 10 days or less for the purpose of traveling between locations outside of the State; and</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a circus holding a Class C Exhibitor’s License under the Animal Welfare Act, 7 U.S.C. § 2131 et seq., that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is in the State for less than 90 days per calendar year;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>regularly conducts performances featuring live animals and multiple human entertainers, including acrobats and clowns; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>does not allow members of the public to be in proximity to an animal specified under subsection (b) of this section, including opportunities to be photographed with the animal, without sufficient distance and protective barriers.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>This section does not prohibit a person who had lawful possession of an animal specified in subsection (b) of this section on or before May 31, 2006, from continuing to possess that animal if the person provides written notification to the local animal control authority on or before August 1, 2006.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The notification shall include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the person’s name, address, and telephone number;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the number and type of animals being kept; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a photograph of the animal or a description of a tattoo or microchip identification of the animal.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>This section does not prohibit a person who has a disability that severely limits mobility from possessing an animal specified in subsection (b) of this section if that animal is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>trained to perform tasks for the owner by an organization described in Section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>dedicated to improving the quality of life of a person who has a disability that severely limits mobility.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not import into the State, offer for sale, trade, barter, possess, breed, or exchange a live:</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>fox, skunk, raccoon, or bear;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>caiman, alligator, or crocodile;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>member of the cat family other than the domestic cat;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>hybrid of a member of the cat family and a domestic cat if the hybrid weighs over 30 pounds;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>member of the dog family other than the domestic dog;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>hybrid of a member of the dog family and a domestic dog;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>nonhuman primate, including a lemur, monkey, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, marmoset, loris, or tamarin; or</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>poisonous snake in the family groups of Hydrophidae, Elapidae, Viperidae, or Crotolidae.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>This paragraph does not apply to an entity described in subsection (a)(1)(i), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), or (viii) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (iii) of this paragraph, the holder of a Class C Exhibitor’s License under the Animal Welfare Act, 7 U.S.C. § 2131 et seq., may not possess a nonhuman primate, bear, lion, tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, snow leopard, jaguar, cheetah, or cougar or a hybrid of one of these animals that was not owned by the holder of the license on June 30, 2014.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The holder of a Class C Exhibitor’s License under the Animal Welfare Act, 7 U.S.C. § 2131 et seq., may acquire or breed a nonhuman primate, bear, lion, tiger, leopard, clouded leopard, snow leopard, jaguar, cheetah, or cougar or a hybrid of one of these animals if the holder:</text> <level label="1"> <text>maintains a liability insurance policy of at least $1,000,000;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has a paid full–time director;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has at least one paid full–time staff member trained in the care of each species that the holder keeps;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>has an animal disposition policy that provides for the placement of animals in appropriate facilities if the holder’s facility closes; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>maintains and implements a training plan regarding zoonotic disease risk and prevention.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>if an individual, a fine not exceeding $1,000; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if not an individual, a fine not exceeding $10,000.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The provisions of this section may be enforced by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>any State or local law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the local animal control authority for the jurisdiction where the violation occurs.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>An animal specified in subsection (b) of this section may be immediately seized if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>there is probable cause to believe that the possession of the animal is in violation of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the animal poses a risk to public health or public safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An animal specified in subsection (b) of this section that is seized may be returned to the person who had possession of the animal at the time the animal was seized only if it is established that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>possession of the animal by the person is not a violation of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the return of the animal does not pose a risk to public health or public safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Notice that the animal was seized shall be served on the person who had possession of the animal at the time the animal was seized by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>posting a copy of the notice at the place where the animal was seized;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>regular and certified mail, return receipt requested; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>delivering the notice to a person residing on the property from which the animal was seized.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The notice shall include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a description of the animal seized;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the authority for and the purpose of the seizure;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the time, place, and circumstances of the seizure;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a contact person and telephone number;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a statement that the person from whom the animal was seized may:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>post security to prevent disposition of the animal; and</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>request a hearing concerning the seizure;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>a statement that failure to post security or request a hearing within 10 days of the date of the notice will result in the disposition of the animal; and</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>a statement that, unless a court finds that the seizure of the animal was not justified, the actual costs of the care, keeping, and disposal of the animal are the responsibility of the person from whom the animal was seized.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>Before a seizure under paragraph (1) of this subsection occurs, the person in possession of the animal to be seized may request that the animal remain in the person’s physical custody for 30 days after the date the animal was to be seized.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>During the 30 days provided in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the person shall take all necessary actions to comply with this section.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>At any reasonable time during the 30–day period, the local animal control authority may inspect the premises where the animal is being kept.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>If a person who retains possession of an animal under paragraph (4) of this subsection is not in compliance with this section after the 30–day period has expired, the local animal control authority shall seize the animal and place it in a holding facility that is appropriate for the species.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The authority seizing an animal under this paragraph shall provide notice of the seizure in the same manner as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>A person from whom an animal was seized may request a hearing in the District Court within 10 days of the seizure.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A hearing shall be held as soon as practicable to determine the validity of the seizure and the disposition of the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <level label="i"> <text>Unless the court finds that the seizure of the animal was not justified by law, a person from whom the animal specified in subsection (b) of this section is seized is liable for all actual costs of care, keeping, and disposal of the animal.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The costs required under this paragraph shall be paid in full unless a mutually satisfactory agreement is made between the local animal control authority and the person claiming an interest in the animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="8"> <level label="i"> <text>If there is no request for a hearing within 10 days of the notice or if the court orders a permanent and final disposition of the animal, the local animal control authority shall take steps to find long–term placement of the animal with another appropriate facility that is equipped for the continued care of the particular species of the animal.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If there is no entity that is suitable for the care of the animal, the animal may be euthanized.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>This section does not limit a county or municipality from enacting laws or adopting regulations that are more restrictive pertaining to any potentially dangerous animals, including those specified in subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>If the owner of an animal specified in subsection (b) of this section dies without making arrangements for the transfer of custody of the animal to another person, the animal may be turned over to one of the organizations specified in subsection (a)(1) of this section or euthanized if no suitable location can be found in a reasonable amount of time.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-622" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not shoot, kill, or maim a carrier pigeon.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not entrap, catch, or detain a carrier pigeon that has:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the owner’s name stamped on the carrier pigeon’s wing or tail; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a leg band that includes the owner’s initials, name, or number.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $10 for each violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-623" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Collar” means a device constructed of nylon, leather, or similar material specifically designed to be used around the neck of a dog.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Extreme weather conditions” means temperatures below 32 degrees Fahrenheit or conditions during an active winter or cold weather warning or advisory issued by the National Weather Service.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Restraint” means a chain, rope, tether, leash, cable, or other device that attaches a dog to a stationary object or trolley system.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Sporting” means any athletic competition, skill competition, obedience competition, or other competition intended for the participation of dogs.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Suitable shade” means an area completely protected from the direct sun that is accessible and fully covers a dog.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>“Suitable shelter” means a structure that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is properly ventilated;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>has a solid floor that allows the dog to remain reasonably dry;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>has a weatherproof roof;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>is enclosed with an entrance on one side;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>allows a dog to maintain its normal body temperature; and</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>is suitable for the species, age, condition, size, and type of dog.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not leave a dog outside and unattended by use of a restraint:</text> <level label="1"> <text>that unreasonably limits the movement of the dog;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that uses a collar that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is made primarily of metal; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is not at least as large as the circumference of the dog’s neck plus 1 inch;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>that restricts the access of the dog to suitable and sufficient clean water or appropriate shelter;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>in unsafe or unsanitary conditions; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>that causes injury to the dog.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, a person may not leave a dog outside and unattended for longer than 30 minutes without access to continuous:</text> <level label="1"> <text>suitable shelter during extreme weather conditions; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>suitable shelter or suitable shade when temperatures are above 90 degrees Fahrenheit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The prohibition in subsection (c) of this section does not apply if the dog is lawfully and actively engaged in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>hunting;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>livestock herding or guarding;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>sledding;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>sporting; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>training.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A violation of subsection (c) of this section is a civil offense punishable by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, a warning;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for a second violation, a civil penalty of up to $500; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>for a third or subsequent violation, a civil penalty of up to $1,000.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section may not be construed to prohibit a local government from adopting a requirement for the health and safety of dogs that is more stringent than the requirements of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-624" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>crop or cut off the ear of a dog;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>dock or cut off the tail of a dog;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>cut off the dewclaw of a dog; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>surgically birth a dog.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A procedure described in subsection (a) of this section may be performed by a licensed veterinarian using anesthesia when appropriate on the animal.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 180 days or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-625" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>“Devocalize” means to perform a surgical procedure involving cutting, notching, punching, abrading, lasering, suturing, or otherwise physically altering the vocal apparatus of a dog or cat with the intent of altering, reducing, or eliminating vocal sounds produced by the animal.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Devocalize” includes debarking, devoicing, silencing, ventriculocordectomy, vocal cordectomy, bark reduction, and bark softening.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person may not surgically devocalize a dog or cat.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A licensed veterinarian may surgically devocalize a dog or cat only if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>anesthesia is administered to the animal during the procedure; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the veterinarian provides the owner or keeper of the animal a written certification that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>states that the procedure on the animal was medically necessary to treat or relieve a physical illness, a disease, or an injury, or to correct a congenital abnormality that is causing or will cause the animal medical harm or pain; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>contains:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the date and description of the veterinarian’s examination and evaluation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>supporting diagnoses and findings;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the name and current address and telephone number of the animal’s owner or keeper; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the name and current address and telephone number, State license number, and signature of the veterinarian.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-625.1" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “declawing procedure” has the meaning stated in § 2–301 of the Agriculture Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in § 2–313.3 of the Agriculture Article, a person may not perform a declawing procedure on a cat.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A violation of this section is a civil offense.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The provisions of this section may be enforced by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>any State or local law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the local animal control authority for the jurisdiction where the violation occurs.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-626" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “service animal” has the meaning stated in § 7–701 of the Human Services Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not willfully and maliciously:</text> <level label="1"> <text>kill a service animal or allow an animal that the person owns or over which the person has immediate control to kill a service animal;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>injure a service animal or allow an animal that the person owns or over which the person has immediate control to injure a service animal; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>interfere with the use of a service animal or allow an animal that the person owns or over which the person has immediate control to interfere with the use of a service animal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1) or (2) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(3) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>As a condition of sentencing, the court may order a defendant convicted of violating this section to pay, in addition to fines and costs, full restitution for all damages arising out of the offense, including:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the value of the service animal;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>replacement and training or retraining expenses for the service animal and handler;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>veterinary and other medical and boarding expenses for the service animal;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>medical expenses for the handler; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>lost wages or income incurred by the handler during any period that the handler is without the services of the service animal.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-627" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Relating to Animals"> <level label="a"> <text>For the purposes of this subtitle, each animal harmed in a violation of this subtitle is a separate offense and shall be deemed an individual victim for purposes of the sentencing guidelines stacking rule.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, a conviction under this subtitle may not merge with a conviction for any other crime based on the act establishing the violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A sentence imposed under this subtitle may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-701" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Maryland Uniform Flag Law"> <text>In this subtitle, “flag” includes any size flag, standard, color, ensign, or shield made of any substance or represented or produced on any substance, that purports to be a flag, standard, color, ensign, or shield of the United States or of this State.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-702" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Maryland Uniform Flag Law"> <text>This subtitle does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an act allowed by the statutes of the United States or of this State, or by the regulations of the armed forces of the United States; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a document or product, stationery, ornament, picture, apparel, or jewelry that depicts a flag without a design or words on the flag and that is not connected with an advertisement.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-704" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Maryland Uniform Flag Law"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not intentionally mutilate, deface, destroy, burn, trample, or use a flag:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in a manner intended to incite or produce an imminent breach of the peace; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>under circumstances likely to incite or produce an imminent breach of the peace.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-705" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Maryland Uniform Flag Law"> <text>This subtitle shall be construed to carry out its general purpose and to make uniform the laws of the states that enact it.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="10-706" title_number="10" title_name="Crimes Against Public Health, Conduct, and Sensibilities" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Maryland Uniform Flag Law"> <text>This subtitle may be cited as the Maryland Uniform Flag Law.</text> </section>