<section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-101" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Suicide"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Licensed health care professional” means a duly licensed or certified:</text> <level label="1"> <text>physician;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>surgeon;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>podiatrist;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>osteopath;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>osteopathic physician;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>osteopathic surgeon;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>physician assistant;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>registered nurse;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>licensed practical nurse;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>nurse practitioner;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>dentist;</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>pharmacist; or</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>emergency medical services provider, in accordance with § 13-516 of the Education Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Suicide” means the act or instance in which an individual intentionally takes the individual’s own life.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-101.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Suicide"> <level label="a"> <text>Attempted suicide is not a crime in the State.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section may not be construed to prohibit a person who commits one or more crimes in the course of attempting to commit suicide from being charged with the other crime or crimes.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-102" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Suicide"> <text>With the purpose of assisting another individual to commit or attempt to commit suicide, an individual may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>by coercion, duress, or deception, knowingly cause another individual to commit suicide or attempt to commit suicide;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>knowingly provide the physical means by which another individual commits or attempts to commit suicide with knowledge of that individual’s intent to use the physical means to commit suicide; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>knowingly participate in a physical act by which another individual commits or attempts to commit suicide.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-103" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Suicide"> <level label="a"> <text>A licensed health care professional does not violate § 3-102 of this subtitle by administering or prescribing a procedure or administering, prescribing, or dispensing a medication to relieve pain, even if the medication or procedure may hasten death or increase the risk of death, unless the licensed health care professional knowingly administers or prescribes the procedure or administers, prescribes, or dispenses the medication to cause death.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A licensed health care professional does not violate § 3-102 of this subtitle by withholding or withdrawing a medically administered life-sustaining procedure:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in compliance with Title 5, Subtitle 6 of the Health - General Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in accordance with reasonable medical practice.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the family member knowingly administers a procedure or administers or dispenses a medication to cause death, a family member does not violate § 3-102 of this subtitle if the family member:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is a caregiver for a patient enrolled in a licensed hospice program; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>administers the procedure or administers or dispenses the medication to relieve pain under the supervision of a health care professional.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Paragraph (1) of this subsection applies even if the medication or procedure hastens death or increases the risk of death.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-104" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Suicide"> <text>An individual who violates this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-201" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Assault” means the crimes of assault, battery, and assault and battery, which retain their judicially determined meanings.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>“Law enforcement officer” has the meaning stated in § 1–101(c) of the Public Safety Article without application of § 3–101(e)(2).</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Law enforcement officer” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a correctional officer at a correctional facility; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an officer employed by the WMATA Metro Transit Police, subject to the jurisdictional limitations under Article XVI, § 76 of the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Compact, which is codified in § 10–204 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Serious physical injury” means physical injury that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>creates a substantial risk of death; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>causes permanent or protracted serious:</text> <level label="i"> <text>disfigurement;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>loss of the function of any bodily member or organ; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-202" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “strangling” means impeding the normal breathing or blood circulation of another person by applying pressure to the other person’s throat or neck.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not intentionally cause or attempt to cause serious physical injury to another.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not commit an assault with a firearm, including:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a handgun, antique firearm, rifle, shotgun, short–barreled shotgun, or short–barreled rifle, as those terms are defined in § 4–201 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an assault pistol, as defined in § 4–301 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a machine gun, as defined in § 4–401 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a regulated firearm, as defined in § 5–101 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person may not commit an assault by intentionally strangling another.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of assault in the first degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-203" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not commit an assault.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person who violates subsection (a) of this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of assault in the second degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “physical injury” means any impairment of physical condition, excluding minor injuries.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not intentionally cause physical injury to another if the person knows or has reason to know that the other is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a law enforcement officer engaged in the performance of the officer’s official duties;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a parole or probation agent engaged in the performance of the agent’s official duties; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a firefighter, an emergency medical technician, a rescue squad member, or any other first responder engaged in providing emergency medical care or rescue services.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates paragraph (2) of this subsection is guilty of the felony of assault in the second degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-204" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not recklessly:</text> <level label="1"> <text>engage in conduct that creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to another; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>discharge a firearm from a motor vehicle in a manner that creates a substantial risk of death or serious physical injury to another.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of reckless endangerment and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Subsection (a)(1) of this section does not apply to conduct involving:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the use of a motor vehicle, as defined in § 11-135 of the Transportation Article; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the manufacture, production, or sale of a product or commodity.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subsection (a)(2) of this section does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a law enforcement officer or security guard in the performance of an official duty; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an individual acting in defense of a crime of violence as defined in § 5-101 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-205" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>An incarcerated individual may not maliciously cause or attempt to cause an employee of a State correctional facility, a local correctional facility, or a sheriff’s office, regardless of employment capacity, to come into contact with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>seminal fluid, urine, or feces; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>blood, if the contact with the blood is not the result of physical injury resulting from physical body contact between the incarcerated individual and the employee.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An incarcerated individual who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section shall be consecutive to any sentence that the incarcerated individual was serving at the time of the crime or that had been imposed but was not yet being served at the time of sentencing.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may not be suspended.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-206" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>An indictment, information, other charging document, or warrant for a crime described in § 3-202, § 3-203, or § 3-205 of this subtitle is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) assaulted (name of victim) in the ........ degree or (describe other violation) in violation of (section violated) against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the general form of indictment or information described in subsection (a) of this section is used to charge a crime described in § 3-202, § 3-203, or § 3-205 of this subtitle in a case in the circuit court, the defendant, on timely demand, is entitled to a bill of particulars.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A charge of assault in the first degree also charges a defendant with assault in the second degree.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>To be found guilty of reckless endangerment under § 3-204 of this subtitle, a defendant must be charged specifically with reckless endangerment.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A charging document for reckless endangerment under § 3-204 of this subtitle is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) committed reckless endangerment in violation of § 3-204 of the Criminal Law Article against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If more than one individual is endangered by the conduct of the defendant, a separate charge may be brought for each individual endangered.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A charging document containing a charge of reckless endangerment under § 3-204 of this subtitle may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>include a count for each individual endangered by the conduct of the defendant; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>contain a single count based on the conduct of the defendant, regardless of the number of individuals endangered by the conduct of the defendant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>If the general form of charging document described in paragraph (2) of this subsection is used to charge reckless endangerment under § 3-204 of this subtitle in a case in the circuit court, the defendant, on timely demand, is entitled to a bill of particulars.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-207" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>On a pretrial motion of the State, a court may dismiss a charge of assault if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the victim and the defendant agree to the dismissal; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court considers the dismissal proper.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The defendant shall pay the costs that would have been incurred if the defendant had been found guilty.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-208" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <text>Expert testimony is admissible to prove, but is not required to prove, serious physical injury.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-209" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a person charged with a crime under § 3–202, § 3–203, § 3–204, or § 3–205 of this subtitle may assert any judicially recognized defense.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The discovery or perception of, or belief about, another person’s race, color, national origin, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, or disability, whether or not accurate, is not a defense to the crime of assault in any degree.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-210" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>An incarcerated individual convicted of assault under this subtitle on another incarcerated individual or on an employee of a State correctional facility, a local correctional facility, or a sheriff’s office, regardless of employment capacity, shall be sentenced under this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section shall be consecutive to any sentence that the incarcerated individual was serving at the time of the crime or that had been imposed but was not yet being served at the time of sentencing.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may not be suspended.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-211" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Under the influence of alcohol per se” means having an alcohol concentration at the time of testing of at least 0.08 as measured by grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood or grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Vessel” means any watercraft that is used or is capable of being used as a means of transportation on water or ice.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Vessel” does not include a seaplane.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>For purposes of determining alcohol concentration under this section, if the alcohol concentration is measured by milligrams of alcohol per deciliter of blood or milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood, a court shall convert the measurement into grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood by dividing the measurement by 1000.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The presumptions and evidentiary rules of §§ 10–302, 10–306, 10–307, and 10–308 of the Courts Article apply to a person charged under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not cause a life–threatening injury to another as a result of the person’s negligently driving, operating, or controlling a motor vehicle or vessel while the person is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>under the influence of alcohol; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>under the influence of alcohol per se.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A violation of this subsection is life–threatening injury by motor vehicle or vessel while:</text> <level label="i"> <text>under the influence of alcohol; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>under the influence of alcohol per se.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who violates this subsection, having previously been convicted under this section, § 2–209, § 2–210, § 2–503, § 2–504, § 2–505, or § 2–506 of this article, or § 21–902 of the Transportation Article, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not cause a life–threatening injury to another as a result of the person’s negligently driving, operating, or controlling a motor vehicle or vessel while the person is impaired by alcohol.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A violation of this subsection is life–threatening injury by motor vehicle or vessel while impaired by alcohol.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $3,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who violates this subsection, having previously been convicted under this section, § 2–209, § 2–210, § 2–503, § 2–504, § 2–505, or § 2–506 of this article, or § 21–902 of the Transportation Article, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not cause a life–threatening injury to another as a result of the person’s negligently driving, operating, or controlling a motor vehicle or vessel while the person is so far impaired by a drug, a combination of drugs, or a combination of one or more drugs and alcohol that the person cannot drive, operate, or control a motor vehicle or vessel safely.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A violation of this subsection is life–threatening injury by motor vehicle or vessel while impaired by drugs.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $3,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who violates this subsection, having previously been convicted under this section, § 2–209, § 2–210, § 2–503, § 2–504, § 2–505, or § 2–506 of this article, or § 21–902 of the Transportation Article, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to a person who is entitled to use the controlled dangerous substance under the laws of the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not cause a life–threatening injury to another as a result of the person’s negligently driving, operating, or controlling a motor vehicle or vessel while the person is impaired by a controlled dangerous substance as defined in § 5–101 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A violation of this subsection is life–threatening injury by motor vehicle or vessel while impaired by a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who violates this subsection, having previously been convicted under this section, § 2–209, § 2–210, § 2–503, § 2–504, § 2–505, or § 2–506 of this article, or § 21–902 of the Transportation Article, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>For the purposes of application of subsequent offender penalties under subsection (c), (d), (e), or (f) of this section, a conviction for a crime committed in another state or federal jurisdiction that, if committed in this State would constitute a violation of this section, § 2–209, § 2–210, § 2–503, § 2–504, § 2–505, or § 2–506 of this article, or § 21–902 of the Transportation Article, shall be considered a violation of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-212" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>An indictment, information, or other charging document for a crime described in § 3-211 of this subtitle is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <level label="1"> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) caused a life-threatening injury to (name of victim) while under the influence of alcohol, in violation of § 3-211(c)(1)(i) of the Criminal Law Article against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) caused a life-threatening injury to (name of victim) while under the influence of alcohol per se, in violation of § 3-211(c)(1)(ii) of the Criminal Law Article against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) caused a life-threatening injury to (name of victim) while impaired by alcohol, in violation of § 3-211(d) of the Criminal Law Article against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) caused a life-threatening injury to (name of victim) while impaired by drugs, in violation of § 3-211(e) of the Criminal Law Article against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) caused a life-threatening injury to (name of victim) while impaired by a controlled dangerous substance, in violation of § 3-211(f) of the Criminal Law Article against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An indictment, information, or other charging document for a crime described in § 3-211 of this subtitle need not set forth the manner or means of the life-threatening injury.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-212.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section, “vessel” means any watercraft that is used or is capable of being used as a means of transportation on water or ice.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Vessel” does not include a seaplane.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not cause a life–threatening injury to another as a result of the person’s driving, operating, or controlling a motor vehicle or vessel in a criminally negligent manner.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>For the purpose of this section, a person acts in a criminally negligent manner with respect to a result or a circumstance when:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the person should be aware, but fails to perceive, that the person’s conduct creates a substantial and unjustifiable risk that such a result will occur; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the failure to perceive constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that would be exercised by a reasonable person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>It is not a violation of this section for a person to cause a life–threatening injury to another as a result of the person’s driving, operating, or controlling a motor vehicle or vessel in a negligent manner.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-213" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not attempt to poison another.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for not less than 2 years and not exceeding 10 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-214" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not knowingly and willfully contaminate, attempt to contaminate, or conspire to contaminate the water of a source or tributary of a water supply, including the waters of a well, spring, brook, lake, pond, stream, river, or reservoir by adding disease germs, bacteria, poison, or poisonous matter, if the water supply is used or is usable for drinking or domestic purposes.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly and willfully contaminate, attempt to contaminate, or conspire to contaminate any drink, food, food product, or food supply by adding disease germs, bacteria, poison, or poisonous matter.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-215" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Assault, Reckless Endangerment, and Related Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “bodily fluid” means seminal fluid, blood, urine, or feces.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly and willfully cause another to ingest bodily fluid:</text> <level label="1"> <text>without consent; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>by force or threat of force.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-301" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Mentally incapacitated individual” means an individual who, because of the influence of a drug, narcotic, or intoxicating substance, or because of an act committed on the individual without the individual’s consent or awareness, is rendered substantially incapable of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>appraising the nature of the individual’s conduct; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>resisting vaginal intercourse, a sexual act, or sexual contact.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Physically helpless individual” means an individual who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is unconscious; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>does not consent to vaginal intercourse, a sexual act, or sexual contact; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is physically unable to resist, or communicate unwillingness to submit to, vaginal intercourse, a sexual act, or sexual contact.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>“Sexual act” means any of the following acts, regardless of whether semen is emitted:</text> <level label="i"> <text>analingus;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>cunnilingus;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>fellatio;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>anal intercourse, including penetration, however slight, of the anus; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>an act:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in which an object or part of an individual’s body penetrates, however slightly, into another individual’s genital opening or anus; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that can reasonably be construed to be for sexual arousal or gratification, or for the abuse of either party.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Sexual act” does not include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>vaginal intercourse; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an act in which an object or part of an individual’s body penetrates an individual’s genital opening or anus for an accepted medical purpose.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>“Sexual contact”, as used in §§ 3–307, 3–308, and 3–314 of this subtitle, means an intentional touching of the victim’s or actor’s genital, anal, or other intimate area for sexual arousal or gratification, or for the abuse of either party.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Sexual contact” does not include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a common expression of familial or friendly affection; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an act for an accepted medical purpose.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>“Substantially cognitively impaired individual” means an individual who suffers from an intellectual disability or a mental disorder, either of which temporarily or permanently renders the individual substantially incapable of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>appraising the nature of the individual’s conduct;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>resisting vaginal intercourse, a sexual act, or sexual contact; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>communicating unwillingness to submit to vaginal intercourse, a sexual act, or sexual contact.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>“Vaginal intercourse” means genital copulation, whether or not semen is emitted.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Vaginal intercourse” includes penetration, however slight, of the vagina.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-301.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle, “consent” means the clear and voluntary agreement by an individual to engage in vaginal intercourse, a sexual act, or sexual contact.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the existence of consent, lack of consent, or withdrawal of consent shall be determined based on a totality of the circumstances, including the words and conduct of the victim and the defendant;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>consent may be withdrawn before or during vaginal intercourse, a sexual act, or sexual contact;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the lack of consent may be communicated through words or conduct;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a current or previous dating, social, or sexual relationship by itself does not constitute consent;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>submission as a result of fear, threat, or coercion does not constitute consent if the individual alleged to have performed the act in violation of this subtitle knows or reasonably should know that the victim would submit as a result of fear, threat, or coercion; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the manner of dress of an individual does not constitute consent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section may not be construed to require documentation of consent.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-302" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <text>In this subtitle an undefined word or phrase that describes an element of common-law rape retains its judicially determined meaning, except to the extent it is expressly or impliedly changed in this subtitle.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-303" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>engage in vaginal intercourse with another by force, or the threat of force, without the consent of the other; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>engage in a sexual act with another by force, or the threat of force, without the consent of the other; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>employ or display a dangerous weapon, or a physical object that the victim reasonably believes is a dangerous weapon;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>suffocate, strangle, disfigure, or inflict serious physical injury on the victim or another in the course of committing the crime;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>threaten, or place the victim in fear, that the victim, or an individual known to the victim, imminently will be subject to death, suffocation, strangulation, disfigurement, serious physical injury, or kidnapping;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>commit the crime while aided and abetted by another; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>commit the crime in connection with a burglary in the first, second, or third degree.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not violate subsection (a) of this section while also violating § 3–503(a)(2) of this title involving a victim who is a child under the age of 16 years.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person 18 years of age or older may not violate subsection (a) of this section involving a victim who is a child under the age of 13 years.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection, a person who violates subsection (a) of this section is guilty of the felony of rape in the first degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding life.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b) of this section is guilty of the felony of rape in the first degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding life without the possibility of parole.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates subsection (a) or (b) of this section is guilty of the felony of rape in the first degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding life without the possibility of parole if the defendant was previously convicted of violating this section, or § 3–305 of this subtitle as it existed before October 1, 2017.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (iv) of this paragraph, a person 18 years of age or older who violates subsection (c) of this section is guilty of the felony of rape in the first degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for not less than 25 years and not exceeding life without the possibility of parole.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A court may not suspend any part of the mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The person is not eligible for parole during the mandatory minimum sentence.</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>If the State fails to comply with subsection (e) of this section, the mandatory minimum sentence shall not apply.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>If the State intends to seek a sentence of imprisonment for life without the possibility of parole under subsection (d)(2), (3), or (4) of this section, or imprisonment for not less than 25 years under subsection (d)(4) of this section, the State shall notify the person in writing of the State’s intention at least 30 days before trial.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-304" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not engage in vaginal intercourse or a sexual act with another:</text> <level label="1"> <text>without the consent of the other;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the victim is a substantially cognitively impaired individual, a mentally incapacitated individual, or a physically helpless individual, and the person performing the act knows or reasonably should know that the victim is a substantially cognitively impaired individual, a mentally incapacitated individual, or a physically helpless individual; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>if the victim is under the age of 14 years, and the person performing the act is at least 4 years older than the victim.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person 18 years of age or older may not violate subsection (a)(1) or (2) of this section involving a child under the age of 13 years.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person who violates subsection (a) of this section is guilty of the felony of rape in the second degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (iv) of this paragraph, a person 18 years of age or older who violates subsection (b) of this section is guilty of the felony of rape in the second degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for not less than 15 years and not exceeding life.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A court may not suspend any part of the mandatory minimum sentence of 15 years.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The person is not eligible for parole during the mandatory minimum sentence.</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>If the State fails to comply with subsection (d) of this section, the mandatory minimum sentence shall not apply.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If the State intends to seek a sentence of imprisonment for not less than 15 years under subsection (c)(2) of this section, the State shall notify the person in writing of the State’s intention at least 30 days before trial.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-307" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>engage in sexual contact with another without the consent of the other; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>employ or display a dangerous weapon, or a physical object that the victim reasonably believes is a dangerous weapon;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>suffocate, strangle, disfigure, or inflict serious physical injury on the victim or another in the course of committing the crime;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>threaten, or place the victim in fear, that the victim, or an individual known to the victim, imminently will be subject to death, suffocation, strangulation, disfigurement, serious physical injury, or kidnapping;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>commit the crime while aided and abetted by another; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>commit the crime in connection with a burglary in the first degree under § 6–202 of this article, a burglary in the second degree under § 6–203 of this article, or a burglary in the third degree under § 6–204 of this article;</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>engage in sexual contact with another if the victim is a substantially cognitively impaired individual, a mentally incapacitated individual, or a physically helpless individual, and the person performing the act knows or reasonably should know the victim is a substantially cognitively impaired individual, a mentally incapacitated individual, or a physically helpless individual;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>engage in sexual contact with another if the victim is under the age of 14 years, and the person performing the sexual contact is at least 4 years older than the victim;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>engage in a sexual act with another if the victim is 14 or 15 years old, and the person performing the sexual act is at least 21 years old; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>engage in vaginal intercourse with another if the victim is 14 or 15 years old, and the person performing the act is at least 21 years old.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of sexual offense in the third degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-308" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not engage in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>sexual contact with another without the consent of the other;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>except as provided in § 3–307(a)(4) of this subtitle, a sexual act with another if the victim is 14 or 15 years old, and the person performing the sexual act is at least 4 years older than the victim; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>except as provided in § 3–307(a)(5) of this subtitle, vaginal intercourse with another if the victim is 14 or 15 years old, and the person performing the act is at least 4 years older than the victim.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of sexual offense in the fourth degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>On conviction of a violation of this section, a person who has been convicted on a prior occasion not arising from the same incident of a violation of § 3–303, § 3–304, §§ 3–307 through 3–310 of this subtitle, § 3–311 or § 3–312 of this subtitle as the sections existed before October 1, 2017, § 3–315 of this subtitle, or § 3–602 of this title is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the State intends to proceed against a person under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, it shall comply with the procedures set forth in the Maryland Rules for the indictment and trial of a subsequent offender.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless specifically charged by the State, a violation of this section may not be considered a lesser included crime of any other crime.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be imposed separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-308.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Person in a position of authority” means a person who:</text> <level label="1"> <level label="A"> <text>is at least 21 years old and works for remuneration or as a volunteer for a public or private preschool, elementary school, or secondary school; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>is at least 22 years old and works for remuneration or as a volunteer for a program; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>exercises supervision over or works or interacts with one or more minors who attend the school or participate in the program.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Person in a position of authority” includes a principal, vice principal, teacher, coach, or school counselor at a public or private preschool, elementary school, or secondary school.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Program” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an individual, a business, a religious or faith–based institution, or an organization that provides, on a for–profit or nonprofit basis, instructional, coaching, recreational, spiritual, character–building, or supervisory services or activities for minors, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>sports, music, dance, art, or martial arts coaching or instruction;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>tutoring or academic enrichment;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>day care or after school care;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>scouting; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>day or overnight camping; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>any unit of local, State, or federal government.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in § 3–307(a)(4) or § 3–308(a)(2) of this subtitle, a person in a position of authority may not engage in a sexual act or sexual contact with a minor who, at the time of the sexual act or sexual contact:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is a student enrolled at a school where the person in a position of authority works; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>is participating in a program for which the person in a position of authority works; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is at least 6 years younger than the person in a position of authority.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in § 3–307(a)(5) or § 3–308(a)(3) of this subtitle, a person in a position of authority may not engage in vaginal intercourse with a minor who, at the time of the vaginal intercourse:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is a student enrolled at a school where the person in a position of authority works; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>is participating in a program for which the person in a position of authority works; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is at least 6 years younger than the person in a position of authority.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person in a position of authority may not violate subsection (b) of this section involving a child under the age of 13 years.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who has previously been convicted of a violation of § 3–303, § 3–304, §§ 3–307 through 3–310 of this subtitle, § 3–311 or § 3–312 of this subtitle as the sections existed before October 1, 2017, § 3–315 of this subtitle, or § 3–602 of this title may not violate subsection (b) or (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b) of this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of sexual offense by a person in a position of authority and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (c) of this section is guilty of the felony of sexual offense by a person in a position of authority and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates subsection (d) of this section is guilty of the felony of sexual offense by a person in a position of authority and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $50,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless specifically charged by the State, a violation of this section may not be considered a lesser included crime of any other crime.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be imposed separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-309" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not attempt to commit rape in the first degree.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding life.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-310" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not attempt to commit rape in the second degree.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-313" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>On conviction of a violation of § 3–304, § 3–307, or § 3–310 of this subtitle, a person is subject to imprisonment not exceeding life if the person has been convicted on a prior occasion not arising from the same incident:</text> <level label="1"> <text>of any violation of § 3–303 or § 3–304 of this subtitle, or § 3–305 or § 3–306 of this subtitle as the sections existed before October 1, 2017; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in another state or in a federal, military, or Native American tribal court of a crime that, if committed in this State, would constitute a violation of § 3–303or § 3–304 of this subtitle, or § 3–305 or § 3–306 of this subtitle as the sections existed before October 1, 2017.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the State intends to proceed against a person under this section, it shall comply with the procedures set forth in the Maryland Rules for the indictment and trial of a subsequent offender.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-314" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Correctional employee” means a:</text> <level label="1"> <text>correctional officer, as defined in § 8–201 of the Correctional Services Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>managing official or deputy managing official of a correctional facility.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Correctional employee” includes a sheriff, warden, or other official who is appointed or employed to supervise a correctional facility.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Court–ordered services provider” means a person who provides services to an individual who has been ordered by the court, the Division of Parole and Probation, or the Department of Juvenile Services to obtain those services.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Incarcerated individual” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Incarcerated individual” includes an individual confined in a community adult rehabilitation center.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Law enforcement officer” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a correctional employee;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>any other employee of the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services or a correctional facility;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>an employee of a contractor providing goods or services to the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services or a correctional facility; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>any other individual working in a correctional facility, whether on a paid or volunteer basis.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person described in paragraph (1) of this subsection may not engage in sexual contact, vaginal intercourse, or a sexual act with an incarcerated individual.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not engage in sexual contact, vaginal intercourse, or a sexual act with an individual confined in a child care institution licensed by the Department of Juvenile Services, a detention center for juveniles, or a facility for juveniles listed in § 9–226(b) of the Human Services Article.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A court–ordered services provider may not engage in sexual contact, vaginal intercourse, or a sexual act with an individual ordered to obtain services while the order is in effect.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a law enforcement officer may not engage in sexual contact, vaginal intercourse, or a sexual act with a person:</text> <level label="i"> <text>who is a victim, witness, or suspect in an open investigation that the law enforcement officer is conducting, supervising, or assisting with if the law enforcement officer knew or should have known that the person is a victim, witness, or suspect in the investigation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>requesting assistance from or responding to the law enforcement officer in the course of the law enforcement officer’s official duties;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>in the custody of the law enforcement officer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>who is a student enrolled in a school where the law enforcement officer is assigned as a school resource officer, as defined in § 7–1501 of the Education Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Paragraph (1)(i) and (ii) of this subsection does not apply if the law enforcement officer:</text> <level label="i"> <text>had a prior existing legal sexual relationship with the person; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>did not act under the color or pretense of office or under color of official right when seeking consent to the vaginal intercourse, sexual act, or sexual contact.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $3,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A sentence imposed for a violation of this section may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for another crime under § 3–303, § 3–304, or §§ 3–307 through 3–310 of this subtitle, or § 3–305, § 3–306, § 3–311, or § 3–312 of this subtitle as the sections existed before October 1, 2017.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-315" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not engage in a continuing course of conduct which includes three or more acts that would constitute violations of § 3–303, § 3–304, or § 3–307 of this subtitle, or violations of § 3–305 or § 3–306 of this subtitle as the sections existed before October 1, 2017, over a period of 90 days or more, with a victim who is under the age of 14 years at any time during the course of conduct.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 years.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence under § 3–602 of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In determining whether the required number of acts occurred in violation of this section, the trier of fact:</text> <level label="1"> <text>must determine only that the required number of acts occurred; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>need not determine which acts constitute the required number of acts.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not be charged with a violation of § 3–303, § 3–304, or § 3–307 of this subtitle involving the same victim in the same proceeding as a violation of this section unless the other violation charged occurred outside the time period charged under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not be charged with a violation of § 3–303, § 3–304, or § 3–307 of this subtitle involving the same victim unless the violation charged occurred outside the time period charged under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>For purposes of prosecution under this section, violations of subsection (a) of this section that occur in separate periods of 90 days or more shall be considered separate violations.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-316" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <text>If a person is transported with the intent to violate a provision of § 3–303, § 3–304, §§ 3–307 through 3–310, § 3–314, or § 3–315 of this subtitle, and the intent is followed by actual violation of a provision of § 3–303, § 3–304, §§ 3–307 through 3–310, § 3–314, or § 3–315 of this subtitle, the defendant may be tried in the appropriate court in a county where the transportation was offered, solicited, begun, continued, or ended.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-317" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>An indictment, information, or warrant for a crime under § 3–303, § 3–304, §§ 3–307 through 3–310, or § 3–314 of this subtitle is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) committed a rape or sexual offense on (name of victim) in violation of (section violated) against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In a case in which the general form of indictment, information, or warrant described in subsection (a) of this section is used, the defendant is entitled to a bill of particulars specifically setting forth the allegations against the defendant.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-319" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>Evidence relating to a victim’s reputation for chastity or abstinence and opinion evidence relating to a victim’s chastity or abstinence may not be admitted in a prosecution for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a crime specified under this subtitle or a lesser included crime;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the sexual abuse of a minor under § 3-602 of this title or a lesser included crime; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the sexual abuse of a vulnerable adult under § 3-604 of this title or a lesser included crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Evidence of a specific instance of a victim’s prior sexual conduct may be admitted in a prosecution described in subsection (a) of this section only if the judge finds that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the evidence is relevant;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the evidence is material to a fact in issue in the case;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the inflammatory or prejudicial nature of the evidence does not outweigh its probative value; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the evidence:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is of the victim’s past sexual conduct with the defendant;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is of a specific instance of sexual activity showing the source or origin of semen, pregnancy, disease, or trauma;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>supports a claim that the victim has an ulterior motive to accuse the defendant of the crime; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>is offered for impeachment after the prosecutor has put the victim’s prior sexual conduct in issue.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Evidence described in subsection (a) or (b) of this section may not be referred to in a statement to a jury or introduced in a trial unless the court has first held a closed hearing and determined that the evidence is admissible.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court may reconsider a ruling excluding the evidence and hold an additional closed hearing if new information is discovered during the course of the trial that may make the evidence admissible.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-319.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>Evidence of physical resistance by the victim is not required to prove that a crime under this subtitle was committed.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The provisions of subsection (a) of this section may not be construed to affect the admissibility of evidence of actual physical resistance by the victim.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-320" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <text>In a criminal prosecution under § 3–303, § 3–304, §§ 3–307 through 3–310, § 3–314, or § 3–315 of this subtitle, a judge may not instruct the jury:</text> <level label="1"> <text>to examine the testimony of the prosecuting witness with caution, solely because of the nature of the charge;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that the charge is easily made or difficult to disprove, solely because of the nature of the charge; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>to follow another similar instruction, solely because of the nature of the charge.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-321" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <text>The common law crime of sodomy has been repealed. </text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-323" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not knowingly engage in vaginal intercourse with anyone whom the person may not marry under § 2-202 of the Family Law Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for not less than 1 year and not exceeding 10 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-324" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “solicit” means to command, authorize, urge, entice, request, or advise a person by any means, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in person;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>through an agent or agency;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>over the telephone;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>through any print medium;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>by mail;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>by computer or Internet; or</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>by any other electronic means.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not, with the intent to commit a violation of § 3–304, § 3–307, or § 3–308.1(c) or (d) of this subtitle or § 11–207, § 11–303, § 11–304, § 11–305, § 11–306, or § 11–307 of this article, knowingly solicit a minor, or a law enforcement officer posing as a minor, to engage in activities that would be unlawful for the person to engage in under § 3–304, § 3–307, or § 3–308.1(c) or (d) of this subtitle or § 11–207, § 11–303, § 11–304, § 11–305, § 11–306, or § 11–307 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not, with the intent to commit a violation of § 3–304, § 3–307, or § 3–308.1(c) or (d) of this subtitle or § 11–207, § 11–303, § 11–304, § 11–305, § 11–306, or § 11–307 of this article, knowingly solicit the consent of a parent, guardian, or custodian of a minor, or a law enforcement officer posing as a parent, guardian, or custodian of a minor, to engage in activities with the minor that would be unlawful for the person to engage in under § 3–304, § 3–307, or § 3–308.1(c) or (d) of this subtitle or § 11–207, § 11–303, § 11–304, § 11–305, § 11–306, or § 11–307 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A violation of this section is considered to be committed in the State for purposes of determining jurisdiction if the solicitation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>originated in the State; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is received in the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $50,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-325" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Sexual Crimes"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Personal identifying information” has the meaning stated in § 8–301 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Sexual crime” means an act that would constitute a violation of this subtitle, § 3–602 of this title, § 3–902 of this title, or Title 11 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not use the personal identifying information or identity of an individual without consent to invite, encourage, or solicit another to commit a sexual crime against the individual.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A State’s Attorney or the Attorney General may investigate and prosecute a violation of this section or a violation of any crime based on the act establishing a violation of this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the Attorney General exercises authority under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Attorney General has all the powers and duties of a State’s Attorney, including the use of a grand jury in any county or Baltimore City, to investigate and prosecute the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the prosecution of a violation of this section or for a violation of any crime based on the act establishing a violation of this section may be commenced in any county in which:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an element of the crime occurred; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the victim resides.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-401" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Robbery"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Deprive” means to withhold property of another:</text> <level label="1"> <text>permanently;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a period that results in the appropriation of a part of the property’s value;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>with the purpose to restore it only on payment of a reward or other compensation; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>to dispose of the property or use or deal with the property in a manner that makes it unlikely that the owner will recover it.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Obtain” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in relation to property, to bring about a transfer of interest in or possession of the property; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in relation to a service, to secure the performance of the service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>“Property” means anything of value.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Property” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>real estate;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>money;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a commercial instrument;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an admission or transportation ticket;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a written instrument representing or embodying rights concerning anything of value, or services, or anything otherwise of value to the owner;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a thing growing on, affixed to, or found on land, or that is part of or affixed to any building;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>electricity, gas, and water;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a bird, animal, or fish that ordinarily is kept in a state of confinement;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>food or drink;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>a sample, culture, microorganism, or specimen;</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>a record, recording, document, blueprint, drawing, map, or a whole or partial copy, description, photograph, prototype, or model of any of them;</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>an article, material, device, substance, or a whole or partial copy, description, photograph, prototype, or model of any of them that represents evidence of, reflects, or records a secret:</text> <level label="1"> <text>scientific, technical, merchandising, production, or management information; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>designed process, procedure, formula, invention, trade secret, or improvement;</text> </level> </level> <level label="xiii"> <text>a financial instrument; and</text> </level> <level label="xiv"> <text>information, electronically produced data, and a computer software or program in a form readable by machine or individual.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>“Robbery” retains its judicially determined meaning except that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>robbery includes obtaining the service of another by force or threat of force; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>robbery requires proof of intent to withhold property of another:</text> <level label="i"> <text>permanently;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for a period that results in the appropriation of a part of the property’s value;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>with the purpose to restore it only on payment of a reward or other compensation; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>to dispose of the property or use or deal with the property in a manner that makes it unlikely that the owner will recover it.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>“Service” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>labor or professional service;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>telecommunication, public utility, toll facility, or transportation service;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>lodging, entertainment, or restaurant service; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the use of computers, data processing, or other equipment.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-402" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Robbery"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not commit or attempt to commit robbery.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 15 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-403" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Robbery"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not commit or attempt to commit robbery under § 3-402 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>with a dangerous weapon; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>by displaying a written instrument claiming that the person has possession of a dangerous weapon.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-404" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Robbery"> <level label="a"> <text>An indictment, information, warrant, or other charging document for robbery is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) did feloniously rob (name of victim) of (property/service) (having a value of $1,000 or more) (with a dangerous weapon) in violation of (section violated) against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a charging document alleges that the value of the property or service subject to this subtitle is $1,000 or more, the court shall instruct the jury to determine whether the value of the property or service is less than $1,000, or $1,000 or more.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Unless a charging document alleges that the value of the property or service subject to this subtitle is $1,000 or more, a felony violation of § 7–104 of this article is not a lesser included crime of robbery.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-405" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Robbery"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “motor vehicle” has the meaning stated in § 11-135 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>An individual may not take unauthorized possession or control of a motor vehicle from another individual who actually possesses the motor vehicle, by force or violence, or by putting that individual in fear through intimidation or threat of force or violence.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A violation of this subsection is carjacking.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not employ or display a dangerous weapon during the commission of a carjacking.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A violation of this subsection is armed carjacking.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 years.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to a sentence for any other crime that arises from the conduct underlying the carjacking or armed carjacking.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>It is not a defense under this section that the defendant did not intend to permanently deprive the owner or possessor of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-501" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Kidnapping"> <text>In this subtitle, “home or usual place of abode” includes the real property appurtenant to the home or place of abode.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-502" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Kidnapping"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not, by force or fraud, carry or cause a person to be carried in or outside the State with the intent to have the person carried or concealed in or outside the State.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of kidnapping and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 years.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Kidnapping does not include the act of a parent in carrying a minor child of that parent in or outside the State.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-503" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Kidnapping"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not, without color of right:</text> <level label="i"> <text>forcibly abduct, take, or carry away a child under the age of 12 years from:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the home or usual place of abode of the child; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the custody and control of the child’s parent or legal guardian;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>without the consent of the child’s parent or legal guardian, persuade or entice a child under the age of 12 years from:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the child’s home or usual place of abode; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the custody and control of the child’s parent or legal guardian; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>with the intent of depriving the child’s parent or legal guardian, or any person lawfully possessing the child, of the custody, care, and control of the child, knowingly secrete or harbor a child under the age of 12 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In addition to the prohibitions provided under paragraph (1) of this subsection, a person may not, by force or fraud, kidnap, steal, take, or carry away a child under the age of 16 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (a)(1) of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person, other than a parent of the child, who violates subsection (a)(2) of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 years.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>If a person convicted under subsection (a)(2) of this section is convicted in the same proceeding of rape or a first degree sexual offense under Subtitle 3 of this title, the person is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding life without the possibility of parole.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the State intends to seek a sentence of imprisonment for life without the possibility of parole under subsubparagraph 1 of this subparagraph, the State shall notify the person in writing of the State’s intent at least 30 days before trial.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-601" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Abuse” means physical injury sustained by a minor as a result of cruel or inhumane treatment or as a result of a malicious act under circumstances that indicate that the minor’s health or welfare is harmed or threatened by the treatment or act.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Family member” means a relative of a minor by blood, adoption, or marriage.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Household member” means a person who lives with or is a regular presence in a home of a minor at the time of the alleged abuse.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Severe physical injury” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>brain injury or bleeding within the skull;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>starvation; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>physical injury that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>creates a substantial risk of death; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>causes permanent or protracted serious:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>disfigurement;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>loss of the function of any bodily member or organ; or</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A parent, family member, household member, or other person who has permanent or temporary care or custody or responsibility for the supervision of a minor may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cause abuse to the minor that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>results in the death of the minor; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>causes severe physical injury to the minor; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>engage in a continuing course of conduct which includes three or more acts that would constitute a violation of subsection (d) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person who violates paragraph (1) of this subsection is guilty of the felony of child abuse in the first degree and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>imprisonment not exceeding 25 years;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the violation results in the death of a victim at least 13 years old, imprisonment not exceeding 40 years; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>if the violation results in the death of a victim under the age of 13 years, imprisonment not exceeding life.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section after being convicted of a previous violation of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>imprisonment not exceeding 25 years; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the violation results in the death of the victim, imprisonment not exceeding life.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A parent or other person who has permanent or temporary care or custody or responsibility for the supervision of a minor may not cause abuse to the minor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A household member or family member may not cause abuse to a minor.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person who violates paragraph (1) of this subsection is guilty of the felony of child abuse in the second degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 15 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-601.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not commit a crime of violence as defined in § 5–101 of the Public Safety Article when the person knows or reasonably should know that a minor who is at least 2 years old is present in a residence.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For the purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, a minor is present if the minor is within sight or hearing of the crime of violence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years in addition to any other sentence imposed for the crime of violence.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A court may impose an enhanced penalty under subsection (b) of this section if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>at least 30 days before trial in the circuit court, and 15 days before trial in the District Court, the State’s Attorney notifies the defendant in writing of the State’s intention to seek the enhanced penalty; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the elements of subsection (a)(1) of this section have been proven beyond a reasonable doubt.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If the defendant is charged by indictment or criminal information, the State may include the notice required under subsection (c)(1) of this section in the indictment or information.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>An enhanced penalty imposed under this section shall be separate from and consecutive to a sentence for any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-602" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Family member” has the meaning stated in § 3–601 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Household member” has the meaning stated in § 3–601 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Sexual abuse” means an act that involves sexual molestation or exploitation of a minor, whether physical injuries are sustained or not.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Sexual abuse” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>incest;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>rape;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>sexual offense in any degree; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>any other sexual conduct that is a crime.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A parent or other person who has permanent or temporary care or custody or responsibility for the supervision of a minor may not cause sexual abuse to the minor.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A household member or family member may not cause sexual abuse to a minor.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for:</text> <level label="1"> <text>any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a violation of § 3-601 of this subtitle involving an act of abuse separate from sexual abuse under this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-602.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Family member” has the meaning stated in § 3–601 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Household member” has the meaning stated in § 3–601 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Mental injury” means the substantial impairment of a minor’s mental or psychological ability to function.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>“Neglect” means the intentional failure to provide necessary assistance and resources for the physical needs or mental health of a minor that creates a substantial risk of harm to the minor’s physical health or a substantial risk of mental injury to the minor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Neglect” does not include the failure to provide necessary assistance and resources for the physical needs or mental health of a minor when the failure is due solely to a lack of financial resources or homelessness.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A parent, family member, household member, or other person who has permanent or temporary care or custody or responsibility for the supervision of a minor may not neglect the minor.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of child neglect and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section shall be in addition to any other sentence imposed for a conviction arising from the same facts and circumstances unless the evidence required to prove each crime is substantially identical.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-602.2" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who is required to provide notice of suspected abuse or neglect of a child or make a written report of suspected abuse or neglect of a child under § 5–704 of the Family Law Article may not knowingly fail to provide the required notice or make the required written report if the person has actual knowledge of the abuse or neglect.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section applies only to a failure to report child abuse or neglect that occurs during the time the child is a minor.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-603" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not sell, barter, or trade, or offer to sell, barter, or trade, a minor for money, property, or anything else of value.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both for each violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-604" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section and §§ 3–605 and 3–606 of this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Abuse” means the sustaining of physical pain or injury by a vulnerable adult as a result of cruel or inhumane treatment or as a result of a malicious act under circumstances that indicate that the vulnerable adult’s health or welfare is harmed or threatened.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Abuse” includes the sexual abuse of a vulnerable adult.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>“Abuse” does not include an accepted medical or behavioral procedure ordered by a health care provider authorized to practice under the Health Occupations Article or § 13–516 of the Education Article acting within the scope of the health care provider’s practice.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Caregiver” means a person under a duty to care for a vulnerable adult because of a contractual undertaking to provide care.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Family member” means a relative of a vulnerable adult by blood, marriage, adoption, or the marriage of a child.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Household” means the location:</text> <level label="i"> <text>in which the vulnerable adult resides;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>where the abuse or neglect of a vulnerable adult is alleged to have taken place; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>where the person suspected of abusing or neglecting a vulnerable adult resides.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Household member” means an individual who lives with or is a regular presence in a home of a vulnerable adult at the time of the alleged abuse or neglect.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <level label="i"> <text>“Neglect” means the intentional failure to provide necessary assistance and resources for the physical needs of a vulnerable adult, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>food;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>clothing;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>toileting;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>essential medical treatment;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>shelter; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>supervision.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Neglect” does not include the provision of nonmedical remedial care and treatment for the healing of injury or disease that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>given with the consent of the vulnerable adult; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>recognized by State law in place of medical treatment.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="8"> <text>“Serious physical injury” means physical injury that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>creates a substantial risk of death; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>causes permanent or protracted serious:</text> <level label="1"> <text>disfigurement;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>loss of the function of any bodily member or organ; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="9"> <level label="i"> <text>“Sexual abuse” means an act that involves sexual molestation or exploitation of a vulnerable adult.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Sexual abuse” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>incest;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>rape;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>sexual offense in any degree; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>any other sexual conduct that is a crime.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="10"> <text>“Vulnerable adult” means an adult who lacks the physical or mental capacity to provide for the adult’s daily needs.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A caregiver, a parent, or other person who has permanent or temporary care or responsibility for the supervision of a vulnerable adult may not cause abuse or neglect of the vulnerable adult that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>results in the death of the vulnerable adult;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>causes serious physical injury to the vulnerable adult; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>involves sexual abuse of the vulnerable adult.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A household member or family member may not cause abuse or neglect of a vulnerable adult that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>results in the death of the vulnerable adult;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>causes serious physical injury to the vulnerable adult; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>involves sexual abuse of the vulnerable adult.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of abuse or neglect of a vulnerable adult in the first degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section shall be in addition to any other sentence imposed for a conviction arising from the same facts and circumstances unless the evidence required to prove each crime is substantially identical.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-605" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to abuse that involves sexual abuse of a vulnerable adult.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A caregiver, a parent, or other person who has permanent or temporary care or responsibility for the supervision of a vulnerable adult may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cause abuse or neglect of the vulnerable adult; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>intentionally and maliciously inflict severe emotional distress on the vulnerable adult.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A household member or family member may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cause abuse or neglect of a vulnerable adult; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>intentionally and maliciously inflict severe emotional distress on a vulnerable adult.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of abuse or neglect of a vulnerable adult in the second degree and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section shall be in addition to any other sentence imposed for a conviction arising from the same facts and circumstances unless the evidence required to prove each crime is substantially identical.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-606" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <text>If a State or local unit receives a report of present or past abuse or neglect of a vulnerable adult, an investigation shall be conducted in accordance with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>§ 7-1005 of the Health - General Article if the adult has a developmental disability as defined in § 7-101 of the Health - General Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>§ 10-705 of the Health - General Article if the adult is in a facility as defined in § 10-101 of the Health - General Article;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>§ 19-346 or § 19-347 of the Health - General Article if the adult is a resident of a related institution as defined in § 19-301 of the Health - General Article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>§§ 14-301 through 14-309 of the Family Law Article if the adult does not meet the criteria of item (1), (2), or (3) of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-607" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not recklessly or intentionally do an act or create a situation that subjects a student to the risk of serious bodily injury for the purpose of an initiation into a student organization of a school, college, or university.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The implied or express consent of a student to hazing is not a defense under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-608" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “missing child” means a minor whose whereabouts are unknown to a parent or other person who has permanent care and custody or responsibility for the supervision of the minor.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a parent or other person who has permanent care or custody or responsibility for the supervision of a minor under the age of 13 years may not recklessly or willfully fail to notify the appropriate law enforcement agency that the minor is a missing child within 24 hours of the time at which the parent or other person knew or should have known that the minor is a missing child.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not apply if the fact that the minor is a missing child has already been reported to the appropriate law enforcement agency.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-609" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Abuse and Other Offensive Conduct"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless the death of a minor has already been reported to the appropriate law enforcement agency or medical authority, a parent or other person who has permanent care or custody or responsibility for the supervision of a minor shall report the death of the minor to the appropriate law enforcement agency or medical authority within 5 hours of becoming aware of the death.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-701" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to legitimate efforts by employees or their representatives to obtain certain wages, hours, or working conditions.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not obtain, attempt to obtain, or conspire to obtain money, property, labor, services, or anything of value from another person with the person’s consent, if the consent is induced by wrongful use of actual or threatened:</text> <level label="1"> <text>force or violence;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>economic injury;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>destruction, concealment, removal, confiscation, or possession of any immigration or government identification document with intent to harm the immigration status of another person; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>notification of law enforcement officials about another person’s undocumented or illegal immigration status.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>If the value of the property, labor, or services is at least $1,000 but less than $10,000, a person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the value of the property, labor, or services is at least $10,000 but less than $100,000, a person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 15 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the value of the property, labor, or services is $100,000 or more, a person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If the value of the property, labor, or services is less than $1,000, a person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 18 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A prosecution for a felony under this section shall be instituted within 5 years after the crime was committed.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-702" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “political subdivision” includes a:</text> <level label="1"> <text>county;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>municipal corporation;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>bicounty or multicounty agency;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>county board of education;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>public authority; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>special taxing district.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An officer or employee of the State or of a political subdivision may not wrongfully obtain or attempt to obtain money, property, or anything of value from a person with the person’s consent, if the consent is obtained under color or pretense of office, under color of official right, or by wrongful use of actual or threatened force or violence.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If the value of the property is at least $1,000 but less than $10,000, a person who violates this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is guilty of the felony of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>notwithstanding any pardon, shall be barred permanently from employment by the State or by a political subdivision.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If the value of the property is at least $10,000 but less than $100,000, a person who violates this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is guilty of the felony of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 15 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>notwithstanding any pardon, shall be barred permanently from employment by the State or by a political subdivision.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>If the value of the property is $100,000 or more, a person who violates this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is guilty of the felony of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>notwithstanding any pardon, shall be barred permanently from employment by the State or by a political subdivision.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>If the value of the property is less than $1,000, a person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of extortion and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 18 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A prosecution for a felony under this section shall be instituted within 5 years after the crime was committed.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-703" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <text>An officer or employee of the State or of a county, municipal corporation, bicounty agency, or multicounty agency may not, by force, intimidation, or threat, induce a person employed in work financed wholly or partly by the State or by a county, municipal corporation, bicounty agency, or multicounty agency to give up any compensation to which the person is entitled under a contract or otherwise.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A prosecution for a crime under this section shall be instituted within 5 years after the crime was committed.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-704" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <text>A person, with the intent to unlawfully extort money, property, labor, services, or anything of value from another, may not falsely accuse or threaten to falsely accuse another of a crime or of anything that, if the accusation were true, would tend to bring the other into contempt or disrepute.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-705" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <text>A person, with the intent to unlawfully extort money, property, labor, services, or anything of value from another, may not verbally threaten to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>accuse any person of a crime or of anything that, if true, would bring the person into contempt or disrepute; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>cause physical injury to a person;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>inflict emotional distress on a person;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>cause economic damage to a person; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>cause damage to the property of a person.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-706" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This section applies to any writing, whether or not the writing is signed, or if the writing is signed, whether or not it is signed with a fictitious name or any other mark or designation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not apply to a good faith reasonable notice of dishonor and warning of criminal prosecution under Title 8, Subtitle 1 of this article given by a holder of an instrument to the maker of the instrument.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person, with the intent to unlawfully extort money, property, or anything of value from another, may not knowingly send or deliver, or make for the purpose of being sent or delivered and part with the possession of, a writing threatening to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>accuse any person of a crime or of anything that, if true, would bring the person into contempt or disrepute; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>cause physical injury to a person;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>inflict emotional distress on a person;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>cause economic damage to a person; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>cause damage to the property of a person.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-707" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not prohibit picketing in connection with a labor dispute, as defined in § 4-301 of the Labor and Employment Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person or group may not engage in an act or conduct solely to coerce or intimidate another person to contribute or donate any money, goods, materials, or services to a social, economic, or political association or organization.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $100 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Each day on which a violation of this section occurs is a separate violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-708" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Local official” means an individual serving in a publicly elected office of a local government unit, as defined in § 10–101 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“State official” has the meaning stated in § 5–101 of the General Provisions Article.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“State official” includes the Governor, Governor–elect, Lieutenant Governor, and Lieutenant Governor–elect.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Threat” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an oral threat; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a threat in any written form, whether or not the writing is signed, or if the writing is signed, whether or not it is signed with a fictitious name or any other mark.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly and willfully make a threat to take the life of, kidnap, or cause physical injury to a State official, a local official, a deputy State’s Attorney, an assistant State’s Attorney, or an assistant Public Defender.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not knowingly send, deliver, part with, or make for the purpose of sending or delivering a threat prohibited under subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-709" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Extortion and Other Threats"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Intimate parts” has the meaning stated in § 3–809 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Sexual activity” has the meaning stated in § 3–809 of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not cause another to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>engage in an act of sexual activity by threatening to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>accuse any person of a crime or of anything that, if true, would bring the person into contempt or disrepute;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>cause physical injury to a person;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>inflict emotional distress on a person;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>cause economic damage to a person; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>cause damage to the property of a person; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>engage as a subject in the production of a visual representation or performance that depicts the other with the other’s intimate parts exposed or engaging in or simulating an act of sexual activity by threatening to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>accuse any person of a crime or of anything that, if true, would bring the person into contempt or disrepute;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>cause physical injury to a person;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>inflict emotional distress on a person;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>cause economic damage to a person; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>cause damage to the property of a person.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any crime based on the act establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A visual representation depicting a victim that is part of a court record for a case arising from a prosecution under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>subject to item (2) of this subsection, may not be made available for public inspection; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>except as otherwise ordered by the court, may only be made available for inspection in relation to a criminal charge under this section to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>court personnel;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a jury in a criminal case brought under this section;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the State’s Attorney or the State’s Attorney’s designee;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the Attorney General or the Attorney General’s designee;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>the defendant or the defendant’s attorney; or</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>the victim or the victim’s attorney.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-801" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <text>In this subtitle, “course of conduct” means a persistent pattern of conduct, composed of a series of acts over time, that shows a continuity of purpose.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-802" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>“stalking” means a malicious course of conduct that includes approaching or pursuing another where:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person intends to place or knows or reasonably should have known the conduct would place another in reasonable fear:</text> <level label="1"> <level label="A"> <text>of serious bodily injury;</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>of an assault in any degree;</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>of rape or sexual offense as defined by §§ 3–303 through 3–308 of this title or attempted rape or sexual offense in any degree;</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>of false imprisonment; or</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>of death; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that a third person likely will suffer any of the acts listed in item 1 of this item; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the person intends to cause or knows or reasonably should have known that the conduct would cause serious emotional distress to another; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“stalking” includes conduct described in item (1) of this subsection that occurs:</text> <level label="i"> <text>in person;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>by electronic communication, as defined in § 3–805 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>through the use of a device that can pinpoint or track the location of another without the person’s knowledge or consent.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The provisions of this section do not apply to conduct that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>performed to ensure compliance with a court order;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>performed to carry out a specific lawful commercial purpose; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>authorized, required, or protected by local, State, or federal law.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not engage in stalking.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person had an interim, temporary, or final protective order in effect against the person at the time of the offense in which the victim was the petitioner;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the person had a court order in effect against the person at the time of the offense prohibiting the behavior described in subsection (a) of this section involving the victim;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the person has previously been convicted once of a violation of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the person previously has been convicted once of a crime under the laws of another state that would be a crime under subsection (c) of this section if committed in this State.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any other crime based on the acts establishing a violation of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-803" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Residence” includes the yard, grounds, outbuildings, and common areas surrounding a residence.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Visual surveillance” has the meaning stated in § 3–901 of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not follow another in or about a public place, conduct visual surveillance of an area of another’s residence where the other has a reasonable expectation of privacy, or maliciously engage in a course of conduct that alarms or seriously annoys the other:</text> <level label="1"> <text>with the intent to harass, alarm, or annoy the other;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>after receiving a reasonable warning or request to stop by or on behalf of the other; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>without a legal purpose.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not apply to a peaceable activity intended to express a political view or provide information to others.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section may not be construed in a manner that infringes on any right guaranteed under the United States Constitution or the Maryland Declaration of Rights.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $500 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 180 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-804" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not use telephone facilities or equipment to make:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an anonymous call that is reasonably expected to annoy, abuse, torment, harass, or embarrass another;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>repeated calls with the intent to annoy, abuse, torment, harass, or embarrass another; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a comment, request, suggestion, or proposal that is obscene, lewd, lascivious, filthy, or indecent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-805" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Electronic communication” means the act of transmitting any information, data, writing, image, or communication by the use of a computer or any other electronic means, including a communication that involves the use of e–mail, an instant messaging service, an Internet website, a social media application, a network call, a facsimile machine, or any other Internet–based communication tool.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Electronic conduct” means the use of a computer or a computer network to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>build a fake social media profile;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>pose as another, including a fictitious person in an electronic communication;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>disseminate or encourage others to disseminate information concerning the sexual activity, as defined in § 3–809 of this subtitle, of a minor;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>disseminate a real or doctored image of a minor;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>engage or encourage others to engage in the repeated, continuing, or sustained use of electronic communication to contact a minor;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>make a statement to provoke a third party to stalk or harass a minor; or</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>subscribe a minor to a pornographic website.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Instant messaging service” means a computer service allowing two or more users to communicate with each other in real time.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Interactive computer service” means an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server, including a system that provides access to the Internet and cellular phones.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Social media application” means any program, software, or website that allows a person to become a registered user for the purpose of establishing personal relationships with one or more other users through:</text> <level label="i"> <text>direct or real–time communication; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the creation of websites or profiles capable of being viewed by the public or other users.</text> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>“Social media profile” means a website or profile created using a social media application.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not maliciously engage in a course of conduct, through the use of electronic communication, that alarms or seriously annoys another:</text> <level label="i"> <text>with the intent to harass, alarm, or annoy the other;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>after receiving a reasonable warning or request to stop by or on behalf of the other; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>without a legal purpose.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not use an interactive computer service to maliciously engage in a course of conduct that inflicts serious emotional distress on a minor or places a minor in reasonable fear of death or serious bodily injury with the intent:</text> <level label="i"> <text>to kill, injure, harass, or cause serious emotional distress to the minor; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>to place the minor in reasonable fear of death or serious bodily injury.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person may not maliciously engage in an electronic communication if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the electronic communication is part of a series of communications and has the effect of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intimidating or harassing a minor; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>causing physical injury or serious emotional distress to a minor; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the person engaging in the electronic communication intends to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intimidate or harass the minor; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>cause physical injury or serious emotional distress to the minor.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person may not maliciously engage in a single significant act or course of conduct using an electronic communication if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person’s conduct, when considered in its entirety, has the effect of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intimidating or harassing a minor; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>causing physical injury or serious emotional distress to a minor;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the person intends to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intimidate or harass the minor; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>cause physical injury or serious emotional distress to the minor; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>in the case of a single significant act, the communication:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is made after receiving a reasonable warning or request to stop;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is sent with a reasonable expectation that the recipient would share the communication with a third party; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>shocks the conscience.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person may not maliciously engage in electronic conduct if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the act of electronic conduct has the effect of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intimidating or harassing a minor; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>causing physical injury or serious emotional distress to a minor; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the person intends to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intimidate or harass the minor; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>cause physical injury or serious emotional distress to the minor.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A person may not violate this section with the intent to induce a minor to commit suicide.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>It is not a violation of this section for any of the following persons to provide information, facilities, or technical assistance to another who is authorized by federal or State law to intercept or provide electronic communication or to conduct surveillance of electronic communication, if a court order directs the person to provide the information, facilities, or technical assistance:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a provider of electronic communication;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an officer, employee, agent, landlord, or custodian of a provider of electronic communication; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a person specified in a court order directing the provision of information, facilities, or technical assistance to another who is authorized by federal or State law to intercept or provide electronic communication or to conduct surveillance of electronic communication.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Subsection (b)(1) through (5) of this section does not apply to a peaceable activity:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intended to express a political view or provide information to others; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>conducted for a lawful purpose.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(6) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-805.1" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Commercial electronic mail message” means an electronic message sent primarily for the purpose of commercial advertisement or promotion of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a commercial product;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a commercial service;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the content on an Internet website; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a website operated for a commercial purpose.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Domain name” means any alphanumeric designation that is registered with or assigned by a domain name registrar, domain name registry, or other domain name registration authority as part of an electronic mail address on the Internet.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Electronic mail service provider” means any person, including an Internet service provider, that is an intermediary in sending and receiving electronic mail and that provides to the public the ability to send or receive electronic mail to or from an electronic mail account or online user account.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Financial institution” has the same meaning as provided in § 1–101 of the Financial Institutions Article.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Header information” means the source, destination, and routing information attached to an electronic mail message, including the originating domain name and originating electronic mail address, and any other information that appears in the line identifying or purporting to identify a person initiating the message, and technical information that authenticates the sender of an electronic mail message for network security or network management purposes.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>The term “initiate”, when used with respect to a commercial electronic mail message, means to originate or transmit the message or to procure the origination or transmission of the message and does not include actions that constitute routine conveyance of such message.</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>“Internet” means the international computer network of both federal and nonfederal interoperable packet switched data networks.</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>“Internet protocol address” means the string of numbers by which a location on the Internet is identified by routers or other computers connected to the Internet.</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>“Materially falsified” means altered or concealed in a manner that would impair the ability of one of the following to identify, locate, or respond to a person who initiated an electronic mail message or to investigate an alleged violation of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a recipient of the message;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an Internet access service processing the message on behalf of a recipient;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a person alleging a violation of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a law enforcement agency.</text> </level> </level> <level label="11"> <text>“Multiple” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>more than 10 commercial electronic mail messages during a 24–hour period;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>more than 100 commercial electronic mail messages during a 30–day period; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>more than 1,000 commercial electronic mail messages during a 1–year period.</text> </level> </level> <level label="12"> <text>“Protected computer” means a computer used in intrastate or interstate communication.</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>“Routine conveyance” means the transmission, routing, relaying, handling, or storing, through an automatic technical process, of an electronic mail message for which another person has identified the recipients or provided the recipient addresses.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not conspire to or knowingly:</text> <level label="1"> <text>use a protected computer of another to relay or retransmit multiple commercial electronic mail messages with the intent to deceive or mislead recipients or an electronic mail service provider as to the origin of the message;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>materially falsify header information in multiple commercial electronic mail messages and intentionally initiate the transmission of the messages;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>register, using information that materially falsifies the identity of the actual registrant, for 15 or more electronic mail accounts or online user accounts or two or more domain names and intentionally initiate the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from one or any combination of accounts or domain names;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>falsely represent the right to use five or more Internet protocol addresses and intentionally initiate the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from the Internet protocol addresses;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>access a protected computer of another without authorization, and intentionally initiate the transmission of multiple electronic mail advertisements from or through the protected computer;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>violate item (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this subsection by providing or selecting addresses to which a message was transmitted, knowing that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the electronic mail addresses of the recipients were obtained using an automated means from an Internet website or proprietary online service operated by another person; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the website or online service included, at the time the addresses were obtained, a notice stating that the operator of the website or online service will not transfer addresses maintained by the website or online service to any other party for the purposes of initiating or enabling others to initiate electronic mail messages; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>violate item (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this subsection by providing or selecting electronic mail addresses of recipients obtained using an automated means that generates possible electronic mail addresses by combining names, letters, or numbers into numerous permutations.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this section involving the transmission of more than 250 commercial electronic mail messages during a 24–hour period, 2,500 commercial electronic mail messages during any 30–day period, or 25,000 commercial electronic mail messages during any 1–year period is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(3) of this section involving 20 or more electronic mail accounts or 10 or more domain names and intentionally initiates the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages from the accounts or using the domain names is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this section that causes a loss of $500 or more during any 1–year period is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this section in concert with three or more other persons as the leader or organizer of the action that constitutes the violation is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5) of this section in furtherance of a felony, or who has previously been convicted of an offense under the laws of this State, another state, or under any federal law involving the transmission of multiple commercial electronic mail messages is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b)(6) or (7) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>In addition to any other sentence authorized by law, the court may direct that a person convicted of a violation of this section forfeit to the State:</text> <level label="1"> <text>any money and other income, including all proceeds earned but not yet received by a defendant from a third party as a result of the defendant’s violation of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>all computer equipment, computer software, and personal property used in connection with a violation of this section known by the owner to have been used in violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>An action brought under this subsection shall be commenced within 2 years after the commission of the act.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Attorney General may institute a civil action against a person who violates this section to recover a civil penalty not exceeding:</text> <level label="i"> <text>$25,000 per day of violation; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>not less than $2 nor more than $8 per commercial electronic mail message initiated in violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The Attorney General may seek an injunction in a civil action to prohibit a person who has engaged in or is engaged in a violation of this section from engaging in the violation.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The Attorney General may enforce criminal violations of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Nothing in this section shall be construed to have any effect on the lawfulness of the adoption, implementation, or enforcement by an electronic mail service provider of a policy of declining to transmit, route, relay, handle, or store certain types of electronic mail messages under any other provision of law.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-806" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “laser pointer” means a device that emits light amplified by the stimulated emission of radiation that is visible to the human eye.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section may not be construed to apply to the use of a laser pointer:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for educational purposes by individuals engaged in an organized meeting or training class; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>during the normal course of work or trade activities.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not knowingly use a laser pointer to illuminate another in a public place in a manner that harasses or endangers the other.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-807" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “laser pointer” has the meaning stated in § 3–806 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to the use of a laser pointer:</text> <level label="1"> <text>by an individual conducting research and development or flight testing for an aircraft manufacturer or the Federal Aviation Administration;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>by a member of the United States Department of Defense or the United States Department of Homeland Security acting in an official capacity during an activity related to research and development, flight testing, or training;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>by a law enforcement officer, as defined in § 1–101 of the Public Safety Article, acting in an official capacity;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>by an individual attempting to make the individual’s location known; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>by an individual attempting to give a warning signal.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not knowingly and willfully shine, point, or focus the beam of a laser pointer on an individual operating an aircraft.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-808" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not file a lien or an encumbrance in a public or private record against the real or personal property of another if the person knows that the lien or encumbrance is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>false; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>contains or is based on a materially false, fictitious, or fraudulent statement or representation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first violation, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-809" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Stalking and Harassment"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Distribute” means to give, sell, transfer, disseminate, publish, upload, circulate, broadcast, make available, allow access to, or engage in any other form of transmission, electronic or otherwise.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Harm” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>physical injury;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>serious emotional distress; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>economic damages.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Intimate parts” means the naked genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or female nipple.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Sexual activity” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>sexual intercourse, including genital–genital, oral–genital, anal–genital, or oral–anal;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>masturbation; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>sadomasochistic abuse.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>“Visual representation” of an identifiable person means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an unaltered image of the person; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an image created with or without using other existing depictions of the person that is indistinguishable from the person, from the perspective of an ordinary person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Visual representation” includes a computer–generated image.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>“Visual representation” does not include an image or depiction that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a drawing;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a cartoon;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a sculpture; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a painting.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>lawful and common practices of law enforcement, the reporting of unlawful conduct, or legal proceedings; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>situations involving voluntary exposure in public or commercial settings.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230(f)(2), is not liable under this section for content provided by another person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not knowingly distribute a visual representation of another identifiable person that displays the other person with intimate parts exposed or while engaged in an act of sexual activity:</text> <level label="1"> <text>with the intent to harm, harass, intimidate, threaten, or coerce the other person;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>under circumstances in which the person knew that the other person did not consent to the distribution; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>with reckless disregard as to whether the person consented to the distribution; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>under circumstances in which the other person had a reasonable expectation that the image would remain private.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to § 5–106(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>A person whose visual representation was distributed in violation of this section has a civil cause of action for defamation per se or invasion of privacy against any person who distributed the visual representation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In addition to other relief, the court may award reasonable attorney’s fees to a prevailing plaintiff under this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A visual representation of a victim that is part of a court record for a case arising under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>subject to item (2) of this subsection, may not be made available for public inspection; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>except as otherwise ordered by the court, may only be made available for inspection in relation to a criminal charge or civil action under this section to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>court personnel;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a jury in a criminal case brought under this section;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the State’s Attorney or the State’s Attorney’s designee;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the Attorney General or the Attorney General’s designee;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>the plaintiff or the plaintiff’s attorney;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>the defendant or the defendant’s attorney; or</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>the victim or the victim’s attorney.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-901" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Private place” means a dressing room or rest room in a retail store.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Visual surveillance” means surveillance by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>direct sight;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the use of mirrors;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the use of cameras; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the use of an electronic device that can be used surreptitiously to observe an individual.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to any otherwise lawful surveillance conducted by a law enforcement officer while performing official duties.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not conduct or procure another to conduct visual surveillance of an individual in a private place without the consent of that individual.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 30 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>It is not a defense to a prosecution under this section that the defendant owns the premises where the private place is located.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>An individual who was under visual surveillance in violation of this section has a civil cause of action against any person who conducted or procured a person to conduct the visual surveillance.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In an action under this subsection, the court may award actual damages and reasonable attorney’s fees.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-902" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Camera” includes any electronic device that can be used surreptitiously to observe an individual.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Female breast” means a portion of the female breast below the top of the areola.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Private area of an individual” means the naked or undergarment–clad genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or female breast of an individual.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>“Private place” means a room in which a person can reasonably be expected to fully or partially disrobe and has a reasonable expectation of privacy, in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an office, business, or store;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a recreational facility;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a restaurant or tavern;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a hotel, motel, or other lodging facility;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>a theater or sports arena;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>a school or other educational institution;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>a bank or other financial institution;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>any part of a family child care home used for the care and custody of a child;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>a residence; or</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>another place of private or public use or accommodation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Private place” includes a tanning room, dressing room, bedroom, or restroom.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>“Visual surveillance” means the deliberate, surreptitious observation of an individual by any means.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Visual surveillance” includes surveillance by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>direct sight;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the use of mirrors; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the use of cameras.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>“Visual surveillance” does not include a casual, momentary, or unintentional observation of an individual.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to a person who without prurient intent:</text> <level label="1"> <text>conducts filming by or for the print or broadcast media;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>conducts or procures another to conduct visual surveillance of an individual to protect property or public safety or prevent crime; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>conducts visual surveillance and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>holds a license issued under Title 13 or Title 19 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is acting within the scope of the person’s occupation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not with prurient intent conduct or procure another to conduct visual surveillance of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an individual in a private place without the consent of that individual; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the private area of an individual by use of a camera without the consent of the individual under circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that the private area of the individual would not be visible to the public, regardless of the location of the individual.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>An individual who was under visual surveillance in violation of this section has a civil cause of action against any person who conducted or procured another to conduct the visual surveillance.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In an action under this subsection, the court may award actual damages and reasonable attorney’s fees.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section does not affect any legal or equitable right or remedy otherwise provided by law.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>This section does not affect the application of § 3–901 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-903" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “camera” includes any electronic device that can be used surreptitiously to observe an individual.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an adult resident of the private residence where a camera is placed;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a person who places or procures another to place a camera on real property without the intent to conduct deliberate surreptitious observation of an individual inside the private residence;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a person who has obtained the consent of an adult resident, or the adult resident’s legal guardian, to place a camera on real property to conduct deliberate surreptitious observation of an individual inside the private residence;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>any otherwise lawful observation with a camera conducted by a law enforcement officer while performing official duties;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>filming conducted by a person by or for the print or broadcast media through use of a camera that is not secreted from view;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>any part of a private residence used for business purposes, including any part of a private residence used as a family child care home for the care and custody of a child;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>filming of a private residence by a person through use of a camera that is not located on the real property where the private residence is located; or</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>any otherwise lawful observation with a camera of the common area of multiunit family dwellings by a person that holds a license under Title 13 or Title 19 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article, acting within the scope of the person’s occupation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not place or procure another to place a camera on real property where a private residence is located to conduct deliberate surreptitious observation of an individual inside the private residence.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Subject to subsection (b)(1) of this section, it is not a defense to a prosecution under this section that the defendant owns the private residence.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A good faith reliance on a court order is a complete defense to a civil or criminal action brought under this section.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>An individual who was observed through the use of a camera in violation of this section has a civil cause of action against any person who placed or procured another to place the camera on the real property.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In an action under this subsection, the court may award damages and reasonable attorney’s fees.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>This section does not affect any legal or equitable right or remedy otherwise provided by law.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-904" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy"> <level label="a"> <text>The General Assembly declares that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the protection and preservation of the home is the keystone of democratic government;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the public health and welfare and the good order of the community require that members of the community enjoy in their homes a feeling of well-being, tranquility, and privacy and, when absent from their homes, carry with them the sense of security inherent in the assurance that they may return to the enjoyment of their homes;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the practice of picketing before or about residences and dwelling places causes emotional disturbance and distress to the occupants;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the purpose of this practice is to harass the occupants of the residences and dwelling places;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>without resort to this practice, full opportunity exists, and under the provisions of this article will continue to exist, for the exercise of freedom of speech and other constitutional rights; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the provisions of this section are necessary in the public interest to avoid the detrimental results described in this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not prohibit:</text> <level label="1"> <text>picketing or assembly in connection with a labor dispute, as defined in § 4-301 of the Labor and Employment Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>picketing in a lawful manner of a person’s home when it is also the person’s sole place of business; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>holding a meeting or assembly on any premises commonly used for the discussion of subjects of general public interest.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not intentionally assemble with another in a manner that disrupts a person’s right to tranquility in the person’s home.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $100 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Each day on which a violation of this section occurs is a separate violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>In addition to the penalty provided in subsection (d) of this section, a circuit court:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may enjoin conduct proscribed by this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in the proceeding for injunctive relief, may award damages, including punitive damages, against any person found guilty of violating this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-905" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not take and break open a letter that is not addressed to the person without permission from the person to whom the letter is addressed or the personal representative of the addressee’s estate.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for 6 days and a fine of $15.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-906" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Telegraph company” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Telegraph lines” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Telephone company” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Telephone lines” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An employee or agent of a telegraph company or telephone company, or of a person operating telegraph lines or telephone lines for profit in the State, may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>willfully divulge the contents or nature of the contents of a private communication that is entrusted to the person for transmission or delivery; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>willfully refuse or neglect to transmit or deliver a private communication.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-907" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Protected individual” means an individual who buys, rents, or borrows a videotape, video disk, or film from a videotape distributor.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Publish” means to distribute to a person other than the protected individual or an agent of the protected individual.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Videotape distributor” means a retail establishment operating for profit that sells, rents, or loans videotapes, video disks, or films.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, a videotape distributor, or an agent or employee of a videotape distributor, may not publish the following information relating to sales, rentals, or loans of videotapes, video disks, or films to a protected individual:</text> <level label="1"> <text>any numerical designation used by the videotape distributor to identify the protected individual; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>any listing of videotapes, video disks, or films bought, rented, or borrowed by the protected individual from the videotape distributor.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months for all violations or a fine not exceeding $500 for each violation or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>This section does not prohibit the distribution of information protected under subsection (b) of this section to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a person designated by the videotape distributor and authorized by the protected individual before distribution to receive the information;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>any appropriately authorized law enforcement personnel; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a collection agency used or person designated by the videotape distributor to collect unreturned rental videotapes, video disks, or films, or an amount equal to their value.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-1001" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Threat of Mass Violence"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies to a threat made by oral or written communication or electronic communication, as defined in § 3–805(a) of this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly threaten to commit or threaten to cause to be committed a crime of violence, as defined in § 14–101 of this article, that would place five or more people at substantial risk of death or serious physical injury, as defined in § 3–201 of this title, if the threat were carried out.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of making a threat of mass violence and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In addition to the penalties provided in paragraph (1) of this subsection, a court shall order a person convicted under this section to reimburse the appropriate unit of federal, State, or local government or other person for any expenses and losses incurred in responding to the unlawful threat unless the court states on the record the reasons why reimbursement would be inappropriate.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section may be indicted, prosecuted, tried, and convicted in any county where:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the threat was received;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the threat was made; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the consequences of the threat occurred.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-1101" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Human Trafficking"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Assignation” has the meaning stated in § 11–301 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Prostitution” has the meaning stated in § 11–301 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Sexually explicit performance” has the meaning stated in § 11–301 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-1102" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Human Trafficking"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not knowingly:</text> <level label="i"> <text>take or cause another to be taken to any place for prostitution;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>place, cause to be placed, or harbor another in any place for prostitution;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>persuade, induce, entice, or encourage another to be taken to or placed in any place for prostitution;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>receive consideration to procure for or place in a house of prostitution or elsewhere another with the intent of causing the other to engage in prostitution or assignation;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>engage in a device, scheme, or continuing course of conduct intended to cause another to believe that if the other did not take part in a sexually explicit performance, the other or a third person would suffer physical restraint or serious physical harm; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>destroy, conceal, remove, confiscate, or possess an actual or purported passport, immigration document, or government identification document of another while otherwise violating or attempting to violate this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A parent, guardian, or person who has permanent or temporary care or custody or responsibility for supervision of another may not consent to the taking or detention of the other for prostitution.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not violate subsection (a) of this section involving a victim who is a minor.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not violate subsection (a) of this section with the use of or intent to use force, threat, coercion, or fraud.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person who violates subsection (a) of this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of sex trafficking and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who violates subsection (a) of this section is subject to § 5–106(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b) of this section is guilty of the felony of sex trafficking and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section may be charged, tried, and sentenced in any county in or through which the person transported or attempted to transport the other.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who knowingly benefits financially or by receiving anything of value from participation in a venture that includes an act described in subsection (a) or (b) of this section is subject to the same penalties that would apply if the person had violated that subsection.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who knowingly aids, abets, or conspires with one or more other persons to violate any subsection of this section is subject to the same penalties that apply for a violation of that subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>It is not a defense to a prosecution under subsection (b)(1) or (e) of this section that the person did not know the age of the victim.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-1103" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Human Trafficking"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not knowingly:</text> <level label="1"> <text>take or detain another with the intent to use force, threat, coercion, or fraud to compel the other to marry any person;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>receive a financial benefit or thing of value in relation to a violation of this subsection; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>aid, abet, or conspire with another to violate this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the felony of forced marriage and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section may be charged, tried, and sentenced in any county in or through which the person transported or attempted to transport the victim.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-1201" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Labor Trafficking"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Coercion” includes actual or threatened:</text> <level label="1"> <text>use of physical force against an individual;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>restraint, abduction, isolation, or confinement of an individual against the individual’s will and without lawful authority;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>control or direction of the activity of an individual through debt bondage;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>destruction, concealment, removal, confiscation, withholding, or possession of an actual or purported passport, immigration document, or governmental identification document of an individual;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>infliction of serious psychological harm to an individual;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>control of an individual’s access to a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>exposure or dissemination of any fact or information that would tend to subject an individual to criminal or immigration proceedings;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>notification to an agency or unit of the State or federal government that an individual is present in the United States in violation of federal immigration law; and</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>exploitation of a vulnerable adult.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Controlled dangerous substance” has the meaning stated in § 5–101 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Debt bondage” means the status or condition of an individual who provides labor, services, or sex acts to pay a real or alleged debt, where:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the value of the labor, services, or sex act is not applied toward the liquidation of the debt;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the nature of the labor, services, or sex act is not limited or defined; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the amount of the debt does not reasonably reflect the value of items, services, or other things of value for which the debt was incurred.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>“Vulnerable adult” has the meaning stated in § 3–604 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-1202" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Labor Trafficking"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not knowingly:</text> <level label="1"> <text>take, place, harbor, persuade, induce, or entice another by force, fraud, or coercion to provide services or labor; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>receive a benefit or thing of value from the provision of services or labor by another that was induced by force, fraud, or coercion.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not aid or conspire with another to commit a violation of subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-1203" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Labor Trafficking"> <level label="a"> <text>A State’s Attorney or the Attorney General may investigate and prosecute a violation of this subtitle or a violation of any crime based on the act establishing a violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the Attorney General exercises authority under subsection (a) of this section, the Attorney General has all the powers and duties of a State’s Attorney to investigate and prosecute the violation.</text> </level> </section>