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<section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="3-902" title_number="3" title_name="Other Crimes Against the Person" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Surveillance and Other Crimes Against Privacy">
  <level label="a">
    <level label="1">
      <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>“Camera” includes any electronic device that can be used surreptitiously to observe an individual.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>“Female breast” means a portion of the female breast below the top of the areola.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="4">
      <text>“Private area of an individual” means the naked or undergarment–clad genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or female breast of an individual.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="5">
      <level label="i">
        <text>“Private place” means a room in which a person can reasonably be expected to fully or partially disrobe and has a reasonable expectation of privacy, in:</text>
        <level label="1">
          <text>an office, business, or store;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="2">
          <text>a recreational facility;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="3">
          <text>a restaurant or tavern;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="4">
          <text>a hotel, motel, or other lodging facility;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="5">
          <text>a theater or sports arena;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="6">
          <text>a school or other educational institution;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="7">
          <text>a bank or other financial institution;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="8">
          <text>any part of a family child care home used for the care and custody of a child;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="9">
          <text>a residence; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="10">
          <text>another place of private or public use or accommodation.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>“Private place” includes a tanning room, dressing room, bedroom, or restroom.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="6">
      <level label="i">
        <text>“Visual surveillance” means the deliberate, surreptitious observation of an individual by any means.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>“Visual surveillance” includes surveillance by:</text>
        <level label="1">
          <text>direct sight;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="2">
          <text>the use of mirrors; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="3">
          <text>the use of cameras.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="iii">
        <text>“Visual surveillance” does not include a casual, momentary, or unintentional observation of an individual.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="b">
    <text>This section does not apply to a person who without prurient intent:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>conducts filming by or for the print or broadcast media;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>conducts or procures another to conduct visual surveillance of an individual to protect property or public safety or prevent crime; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>conducts visual surveillance and:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>holds a license issued under Title 13 or Title 19 of the Business Occupations and Professions Article; and</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>is acting within the scope of the person’s occupation.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="c">
    <text>A person may not with prurient intent conduct or procure another to conduct visual surveillance of:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>an individual in a private place without the consent of that individual; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>the private area of an individual by use of a camera without the consent of the individual under circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that the private area of the individual would not be visible to the public, regardless of the location of the individual.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="d">
    <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="e">
    <level label="1">
      <text>An individual who was under visual surveillance in violation of this section has a civil cause of action against any person who conducted or procured another to conduct the visual surveillance.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>In an action under this subsection, the court may award actual damages and reasonable attorney’s fees.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="f">
    <text>This section does not affect any legal or equitable right or remedy otherwise provided by law.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="g">
    <text>This section does not affect the application of § 3–901 of this subtitle.</text>
  </level>
</section>
