<section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-101" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this title the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Administer” means to introduce a substance into the system of a human or animal by injection, inhalation, ingestion, application to the skin, or any combination of those methods or by any other means.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>“Agent” means an employee or other authorized person who acts for or at the direction of a manufacturer, distributor, or authorized provider.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Agent” does not include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a common carrier, contract carrier, or public warehouseman; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an employee of a common carrier, contract carrier, or public warehouseman.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>“Authorized provider” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a person licensed, registered, or otherwise allowed to administer, distribute, dispense, or conduct research on a controlled dangerous substance in the State in the course of professional practice or research; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a pharmacy, laboratory, hospital, or other institution licensed, registered, or otherwise allowed to administer, distribute, dispense, or conduct research on a controlled dangerous substance in the State in the course of professional practice or research.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Authorized provider” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a scientific investigator;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an individual authorized by the State to practice medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>an animal control facility licensed under § 2–305 of the Agriculture Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>“Cannabimimetic agents” means substances that are cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) agonists as demonstrated by binding studies and functional assays within one of the following structural classes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>2–(3–hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol with substitution at the 5–position of the phenolic ring by alkyl or alkenyl, whether or not substituted on the cyclohexyl ring to any extent;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>3–(1–naphthoyl)indole or 3–(1–naphthylmethane)indole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthoyl or naphthyl ring to any extent;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>3–(1–naphthoyl)pyrrole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring, whether or not further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthoyl ring to any extent;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>1–(1–naphthylmethylene)indene by substitution of the 3–position of the indene ring, whether or not further substituted in the indene ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>3–phenylacetylindole or 3–benzoylindole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the phenyl ring to any extent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Cannabimimetic agents” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>5–(1,1–dimethylheptyl)–2–[(1R,3S)–3–hydroxycyclohexyl]–phenol (CP–47,497);</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>5–(1,1–dimethyloctyl)–2–[(1R,3S)–3–hydroxycyclohexyl]–phenol (cannabicyclohexanol or CP–47,497 C8–homolog);</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>1–pentyl–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–018 and AM678);</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>1–butyl–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–073);</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>1–hexyl–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–019);</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>1–[2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl]–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–200);</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>1–pentyl–3–(2–methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (JWH–250);</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>1–pentyl–3–[1–(4–methoxynaphthoyl)]indole (JWH–081);</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>1–pentyl–3–(4–methyl–1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–122);</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>1–pentyl–3–(4–chloro–1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–398);</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>1–(5–fluoropentyl)–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (AM2201);</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>1–(5–fluoropentyl)–3–(2–iodobenzoyl)indole (AM694);</text> </level> <level label="xiii"> <text>1–pentyl–3–[(4–methoxy)–benzoyl]indole (SR–19 and RCS–4);</text> </level> <level label="xiv"> <text>1–cyclohexylethyl–3–(2–methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (SR–18 and RCS–8); and</text> </level> <level label="xv"> <text>1–pentyl–3–(2–chlorophenylacetyl)indole (JWH–203).</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e–1"> <level label="1"> <text>“Cannabis” means the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of the plant, including all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol concentration greater than 0.3% on a dry weight basis.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Cannabis” does not include hemp as defined in § 14–101 of the Agriculture Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e–2"> <text>“Civil use amount” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an amount of usable cannabis that exceeds 1.5 ounces but does not exceed 2.5 ounces;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an amount of concentrated cannabis that exceeds 12 grams but does not exceed 20 grams; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>an amount of cannabis products containing delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol that exceeds 750 milligrams but does not exceed 1,250 milligrams.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>“Coca leaf” includes a leaf containing cocaine, the optical and geometric isomers of cocaine, and any compound, manufactured substance, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of a coca leaf.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Coca leaf” does not include a derivative of a coca leaf that does not contain cocaine, ecgonine, or a substance from which cocaine or ecgonine may be synthesized or made.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>“Controlled dangerous substance” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>an immediate precursor to a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>by regulation the Department designates as being the principal compound commonly used or produced primarily for use to manufacture a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is an immediate chemical intermediary used or likely to be used to manufacture a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>must be controlled to prevent or limit the manufacture of a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Controlled dangerous substance” does not include distilled spirits, wine, malt beverages, or tobacco.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>“Controlled paraphernalia” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a hypodermic syringe, needle, or any other object or combination of objects adapted to administer a controlled dangerous substance by hypodermic injection;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a gelatin capsule, glassine envelope, or other container suitable for packaging individual quantities of a controlled dangerous substance; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>lactose, quinine, mannite, mannitol, dextrose, sucrose, procaine hydrochloride, or any other substance suitable as a diluent or adulterant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>“Deliver” means to make an actual, constructive, or attempted transfer or exchange from one person to another whether or not remuneration is paid or an agency relationship exists.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>“Department” means the Maryland Department of Health.</text> </level> <level label="k"> <text>“Depressant or stimulant drug” means a drug that contains any quantity of a substance that the Attorney General of the United States by regulation designates as having a potential for abuse because of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a depressant or stimulant effect on the central nervous system; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a hallucinogenic effect.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <level label="1"> <text>“Dispense” means to deliver to the ultimate user or the human research subject by or in accordance with the lawful order of an authorized provider.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Dispense” includes to prescribe, administer, package, label, or compound a substance for delivery.</text> </level> </level> <level label="m"> <text>“Distribute” means, with respect to a controlled dangerous substance, to deliver other than by dispensing.</text> </level> <level label="n"> <level label="1"> <text>“Drug” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a substance recognized in the official United States Pharmacopoeia, official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in humans or other animals;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>except for food, a substance intended to affect the structure or function of the body of humans or other animals; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a substance intended for use as a component of any substance specified in item (i), (ii), or (iii) of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Drug” does not include a device or an accessory, part, or component of a device.</text> </level> </level> <level label="o"> <text>“Drug dependent person” means a person who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is using a controlled dangerous substance; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is in a state of psychological or physical dependence, or both, that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>arises from administration of that controlled dangerous substance on a continuous basis; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is characterized by behavioral and other responses that include a strong compulsion to take the substance on a continuous basis in order to experience its psychological effects or to avoid the discomfort of its absence.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="p"> <level label="1"> <text>“Drug paraphernalia” means equipment, a product, or material that is used, intended for use, or designed for use, in:</text> <level label="i"> <text>planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, or concealing a controlled dangerous substance in violation of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled dangerous substance in violation of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Drug paraphernalia” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a kit used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting any species of plant that is a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis or from which a controlled dangerous substance can be derived;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a kit used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>an isomerization device used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant that is a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a scale or balance used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a diluent or adulterant, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, or lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>a separation gin or sifter used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a blender, bowl, container, spoon, or mixing device used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>a capsule, balloon, envelope, or other container used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>a container or other object used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>a hypodermic syringe, needle, or other object used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting a controlled dangerous substance into the human body; and</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>an object used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing cocaine into the human body.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="p–1"> <text>“Electronic prescription” means a prescription that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is generated on an electronic application and transmitted as an electronic data file; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the prescription is for a controlled dangerous substance, complies with the requirements of 21 C.F.R. Part 1306.</text> </level> </level> <level label="q"> <level label="1"> <text>“Manufacture”, with respect to a controlled dangerous substance, means to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert, or process a controlled dangerous substance:</text> <level label="i"> <text>directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>independently by chemical synthesis; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Manufacture” includes to package and repackage a controlled dangerous substance and label and relabel its containers.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Manufacture” does not include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>to prepare or compound a controlled dangerous substance by an individual for the individual’s own use; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>to prepare, compound, package, or label a controlled dangerous substance:</text> <level label="1"> <text>by an authorized provider incidental to administering or dispensing a controlled dangerous substance in the course of professional practice; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the controlled dangerous substance is not for sale by an authorized provider, or by the authorized provider’s agent under the authorized provider’s supervision, for or incidental to research, teaching, or chemical analysis.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="r"> <level label="1"> <text>“Narcotic drug” means a substance:</text> <level label="i"> <text>that has been found to present an extreme danger to the health and welfare of the community because of addiction–forming and addiction–sustaining qualities;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an opiate;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a compound, manufactured substance, salt, derivative, or preparation of opium, coca leaf, or an opiate; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a substance and any compound, manufactured substance, salt, derivative, or preparation that is chemically identical with a substance listed in items 1 and 2 of this item; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>that is produced:</text> <level label="1"> <text>directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>independently by chemical synthesis; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Narcotic drug” includes decocainized coca leaf or an extract of coca leaf that does not contain cocaine or ecgonine.</text> </level> </level> <level label="s"> <text>“Noncontrolled substance” means a substance that is not classified as a controlled dangerous substance under Subtitle 4 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="t"> <level label="1"> <text>“Opiate” means a substance that has an addiction–forming or addiction–sustaining quality similar to morphine or that can be converted into a drug that has this addiction–forming or addiction–sustaining quality.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Opiate” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the racemic and levorotatory forms of an opiate;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>except for seeds, the opium poppy, the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L.;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the poppy straw consisting of the opium poppy after mowing except the seeds; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>coca leaf.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Opiate” does not include, unless specifically designated as controlled under § 5–202 of this title, the dextrorotatory isomer of 3–methoxy–n–methyl–morphinan and its salts (dextromethorphan).</text> </level> </level> <level label="u"> <text>“Personal use amount” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an amount of usable cannabis that does not exceed 1.5 ounces;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an amount of concentrated cannabis that does not exceed 12 grams;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>an amount of cannabis products containing delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol that does not exceed 750 milligrams; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>two or fewer cannabis plants.</text> </level> </level> <level label="v"> <text>“Possess” means to exercise actual or constructive dominion or control over a thing by one or more persons.</text> </level> <level label="w"> <level label="1"> <text>“Prescription drug” means a drug that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is intended to be used by an individual; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>because of its toxicity, other potentiality for harmful effect, method of use, or collateral measures necessary for its use:</text> <level label="1"> <text>bears a cautionary label warning a person that under federal law the drug may not be dispensed without a prescription; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is designated by the Department as not safe for use except under the supervision of a person licensed by the State to administer a prescription drug.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Prescription drug” does not include a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="x"> <text>“Produce”, with respect to a controlled dangerous substance, includes to manufacture, plant, cultivate, grow, and harvest.</text> </level> <level label="y"> <text>“Registrant” means a person who is registered by the Department to manufacture, distribute, or dispense a controlled dangerous substance in the State.</text> </level> <level label="z"> <text>“Schedule I” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–402 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="aa"> <text>“Schedule II” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–403 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="bb"> <text>“Schedule III” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–404 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="cc"> <text>“Schedule IV” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–405 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="dd"> <text>“Schedule V” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–406 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="ee"> <text>“Secretary” means the Secretary of the Department.</text> </level> <level label="ff"> <text>“Ultimate user” means a person who lawfully possesses a controlled dangerous substance for the person’s own use, for the use of a member of the person’s household, or for administration to an animal owned by the person or by a member of the person’s household.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-102" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>The General Assembly finds that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>many of the substances listed in this title have a useful and legitimate medical purpose and are necessary to maintain the health and general welfare of the people of the State; but</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the illegal manufacture, distribution, possession, and administration of controlled dangerous substances have a substantial and detrimental effect on the health and general welfare of the people of the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The purpose of this title is to establish a uniform law to control the manufacture, distribution, possession, and administration of controlled dangerous substances and related paraphernalia to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>ensure their availability for legitimate medical and scientific purposes; but</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>prevent their abuse, which results in a serious health problem to the individual and represents a serious danger to the welfare of the people of the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This title shall be liberally construed to accomplish this purpose.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-103" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, this title does not apply to the sale of a prescription drug:</text> <level label="i"> <text>made to an authorized provider; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>made by a manufacturer, wholesale distributor, or pharmacist licensed by the State to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>another manufacturer, wholesale distributor, or pharmacist licensed by the State; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a hospital or institution that operates a dispensary in which an authorized provider licensed to administer prescription drugs is in charge.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A sale is exempt from this title only if a record of the sale:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is maintained and available for inspection; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shows the date of sale, the name and address of the purchaser, and the quantity purchased.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This title does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the distribution of a prescription drug, device, or supply for the treatment, care, or cure of farm animals, poultry, fowl, or other animals used in furtherance of farming activities;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the sale or offering for sale, or the distribution of seeds, feed for livestock and poultry, fertilizers, lime, land plaster, fungicides, and insecticides; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a drug that on June 1, 1961, could be sold without a prescription.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-201" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Powers and Responsibilities of Department"> <level label="a"> <text>The Department, those of its officers, agents, inspectors, and representatives whom the Secretary designates, and each police officer and State’s Attorney in the State shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>enforce the provisions of this title that are not specifically delegated; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>cooperate with each unit that enforces any federal, state, or local law relating to controlled dangerous substances.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>arrange for the exchange of information between governmental officials concerning the use and abuse of dangerous substances;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>coordinate and cooperate in training programs on dangerous substance law enforcement at the local and State levels;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>eradicate wild or unlawfully grown plants from which controlled dangerous substances may be extracted; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>cooperate with the federal Drug Enforcement Administration by establishing a centralized unit that will:</text> <level label="i"> <text>accept, catalogue, file, and collect statistics obtained from law-enforcement units, including records of drug dependent persons convicted of drug crimes and of other offenders who violate dangerous substance laws in the State; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>make the statistics available for federal, State, and local law-enforcement purposes.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-202" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Powers and Responsibilities of Department"> <level label="a"> <text>The Department shall control all substances listed in Subtitle 4 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act, the Department may add a substance as a controlled dangerous substance on its own initiative or on the petition of an interested party.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>To determine whether to add a substance as a controlled dangerous substance, the Department shall consider:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the actual or relative potential for abuse of the substance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if known, scientific evidence of the pharmacological effect of the substance;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the state of current scientific knowledge regarding the substance;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the history and current pattern of abuse of the substance;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the scope, duration, and significance of abuse of the substance;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>any risk that the substance poses to the public health;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>the ability of the substance to cause psychological or physiological dependence; and</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>whether the substance is an immediate precursor of a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>After considering the factors listed in subsection (c) of this section, the Department shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>make findings with respect to those factors; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>issue an order to control the substance if the Department finds that the substance has a potential for abuse.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>If the Department designates a substance as an immediate precursor of a controlled dangerous substance, a substance that is a precursor of the immediate precursor is not subject to control solely because it is a precursor of the immediate precursor.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>A new substance that is designated as a controlled substance under federal law is a similarly controlled dangerous substance under this title unless the Department objects to the inclusion.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the Department objects, it shall publish the reasons for the objection and give each interested party an opportunity to be heard.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>After the hearing, the Department shall publish its decision, which is final.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>An action for judicial review of a final decision made in accordance with this section does not stay the effect of the decision.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>The Department annually shall update and republish a schedule.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-203" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Powers and Responsibilities of Department"> <text>The Department may adopt regulations to implement this title.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-204" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Powers and Responsibilities of Department"> <text>The Department may charge reasonable fees relating to the registration and control of the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of controlled dangerous substances in the State.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-301" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person shall be registered by the Department before the person manufactures, distributes, or dispenses a controlled dangerous substance in the State or transports a controlled dangerous substance into the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Department shall adopt regulations to carry out this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An applicant must register separately each principal place of business or professional practice where the applicant manufactures, distributes, or dispenses a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>An authorized provider applying for a registration to dispense a controlled dangerous substance under this section and who will prescribe or dispense controlled dangerous substances under that registration shall attest on the registration form to the Department that the authorized provider has completed 2 hours of continuing education.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An authorized provider shall make the attestation required under paragraph (1) of this subsection:</text> <level label="i"> <text>before the authorized provider’s initial registration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the authorized provider is registered before October 1, 2018, before the first renewal of the authorized provider’s registration that occurs on or after October 1, 2018.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The continuing education required under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>related to the prescribing or dispensing of controlled dangerous substances; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>recognized by the authorized provider’s licensing or certification board or accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>To the extent authorized by the registration and subject to subsection (b) of this section and this subtitle, a person registered by the Department under this subtitle may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>possess, manufacture, distribute, or dispense controlled dangerous substances; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>perform any activity listed in item (1) of this subsection to conduct research.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person need not register with the Department to possess a controlled dangerous substance while acting in the course of the person’s business or profession if the person is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an agent or agent’s employee of a registered manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser of a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a common or contract carrier or warehouseman, or an employee of a common or contract carrier or warehouseman; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>an ultimate user or person in possession of a controlled dangerous substance acting in good faith in accordance with a lawful order of an authorized provider.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>If the Department finds that a waiver is consistent with public health and safety, by regulation, the Department may waive the registration requirement for a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-302" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <text>A registration expires on the date set by the Department unless it is renewed for an additional term as provided in this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A registration may not be renewed for more than 3 years.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-303" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless the Department determines that the issuance of the registration is inconsistent with the public interest, the Department shall register an applicant to manufacture or distribute controlled dangerous substances included in Schedule I through Schedule V.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>To determine the public interest, the Department shall consider:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the maintenance of effective controls against diversion of particular controlled dangerous substances and any Schedule I or Schedule II substance compounded from a controlled dangerous substance into other than legitimate medical, scientific, or industrial channels;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>compliance with applicable federal, State, and local law;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>any convictions of the applicant under federal, State, and local laws relating to the manufacture, distribution, or dispensing of controlled dangerous substances;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the applicant’s experience in the manufacture and distribution of controlled dangerous substances and the effectiveness of the applicant’s controls against diversion; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>any other factor that is relevant to and consistent with public health and safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A registrant may manufacture or distribute only a controlled dangerous substance that is specified in the registration.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A manufacturer or distributor who complies with federal law on registration, other than fees, is deemed to have complied with this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A registrant may distribute controlled dangerous substances in Schedule I and Schedule II only in accordance with an order form.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A registrant who complies with federal law on order forms for Schedule I and Schedule II is deemed to have complied with this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A registrant distributor shall report to the Department and the Office of the Attorney General any suspicious order of controlled dangerous substances, including an order:</text> <level label="i"> <text>of unusual size;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>of unusual frequency; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>that deviates substantially from a normal pattern.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A registrant distributor may satisfy the reporting requirement under paragraph (1) of this subsection by providing to the Department and the Office of the Attorney General copies of reports made under 21 C.F.R. § 1301.74(b).</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Unless disclosed in the course of an administrative, civil, or criminal investigation or proceeding initiated to enforce local, State, or federal law or to protect the public health, a report made under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be maintained confidentially.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-304" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <text>If an authorized provider is authorized to dispense or conduct research under State law, the Department shall register the authorized provider to dispense a controlled dangerous substance or to conduct research with a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule II through Schedule V.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An authorized provider who prescribes a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule II through Schedule V shall be registered with the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program described in Title 21, Subtitle 2A of the Health – General Article before obtaining a new or renewal registration with the Department under subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department need not require separate registration under this section for an authorized provider who is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>engaged in research with a nonnarcotic controlled dangerous substance in Schedule II through Schedule V; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>already registered under this subtitle in another capacity.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>An authorized provider may conduct research in the State with a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule I if the authorized provider is registered under federal law to conduct research with a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule I and gives evidence of the registration to the Department.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-305" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <text>In accordance with regulations that the Department adopts, the Department may inspect the establishment of a registrant or applicant for registration.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-306" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to an authorized provider who lawfully prescribes or administers, but does not otherwise dispense, a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule II, Schedule III, Schedule IV, or Schedule V.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A registrant shall make a complete and accurate record of all stocks of controlled dangerous substances on hand every 2 years during the regular fiscal inventory.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The registrant shall keep the record for 2 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Records shall contain the information required by regulations that the Department adopts.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A registrant who complies with federal law on records and reports is deemed to have complied with this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-307" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to the notice and hearing provisions of § 5–308 of this subtitle, the Department may deny a registration to any applicant, suspend or revoke a registration, or refuse to renew a registration if the Department finds that the applicant or registrant:</text> <level label="1"> <text>has materially falsified an application filed in accordance with or required by this title;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>has been convicted of a crime under federal law or the law of any state relating to a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>has surrendered federal registration or had federal registration suspended or revoked and may no longer manufacture, distribute, or dispense a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>has violated this title; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>has failed to meet the requirements for registration under this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may limit revocation or suspension of a registration to the particular controlled dangerous substance for which grounds for revocation or suspension exist.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department may limit an initial registration or the renewal of a registration to the particular controlled dangerous substance for which grounds for denial or refusal to issue or renew exist.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-308" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Before the Department takes action under § 5-307 of this subtitle, the Department shall serve on the applicant or registrant an order to show cause why registration should not be denied, revoked, or suspended or its renewal refused.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The order to show cause shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>contain a statement of the basis of the proposed denial, revocation, suspension, or refusal; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>order the applicant or registrant to appear before the Department at a time and place stated in the order, but not less than 30 days after the date of receipt of the order.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the Department proposes to deny a renewal of registration, the order to show cause shall be served at least 30 days before the registration expires.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Proceedings to deny, revoke, or suspend a registration or renewal of a registration shall be conducted in accordance with the Administrative Procedure Act.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The proceedings under this section shall be independent of and not instead of any criminal prosecution or other proceeding under State law.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, an existing registration:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is not abated by proceedings to refuse renewal of registration; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall remain in effect pending the outcome of the proceedings under this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>The Department may suspend a registration simultaneously with the institution of proceedings under this section if the Department finds that an imminent danger exists to public health or safety.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The suspension shall continue until the earliest of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the end of all proceedings, including any judicial review;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>withdrawal by the Department of the suspension; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>dissolution of the suspension by the appropriate circuit court.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-309" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <level label="a"> <text>If the Department suspends or revokes a registration, the Department may place under seal all controlled dangerous substances that the registrant owns or possesses at the time of the suspension or revocation in accordance with the registration.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Unless the court on request orders the sale of perishable substances and the deposit of the proceeds of the sale with the court, a disposition may not be made of controlled dangerous substances under seal until the time for taking an appeal has elapsed or until all appeals end.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>When a revocation order becomes final, all controlled dangerous substances placed under seal in accordance with this section shall be forfeited to the State.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-310" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Registration of Manufacturers, Distributors, and Dispensers"> <text>The Department shall notify promptly the federal Drug Enforcement Administration of each order that suspends or revokes registration and each forfeiture of a controlled dangerous substance under this subtitle.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-401" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Schedules"> <level label="a"> <text>The substances included in the schedules in this subtitle are controlled dangerous substances whether designated by official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or trade name.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>For purposes of this subtitle, a drug is a depressant or stimulant drug if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>it is lysergic acid diethylamide; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>it contains any quantity of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>barbituric acid or a salt of barbituric acid;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a derivative of barbituric acid that is designated as habit forming under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>amphetamine or its optical isomers;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a salt of amphetamine or a salt of an optical isomer of amphetamine;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a substance that the Attorney General of the United States designates as habit–forming because of its stimulant effect on the central nervous system; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a substance that the Attorney General of the United States designates as having a potential for abuse because of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a depressant or stimulant effect on the central nervous system; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a hallucinogenic effect.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-402" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Schedules"> <level label="a"> <text>Schedule I consists of each:</text> <level label="1"> <text>controlled dangerous substance analogue, as defined in subsection (b) of this section;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>controlled dangerous substance added to Schedule I by the Department under § 5–202(b) of this title; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>controlled dangerous substance designated as a Schedule I controlled dangerous substance by the federal government unless the Department objects under § 5–202(f) of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection:</text> <level label="i"> <text>“controlled dangerous substance analogue” means a substance:</text> <level label="1"> <text>that has a chemical structure substantially similar to the chemical structure of a controlled dangerous substance described in Schedule I or Schedule II; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that has a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system that is substantially similar to or greater than the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a controlled dangerous substance described in Schedule I or Schedule II; but</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“controlled dangerous substance analogue” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a substance for which there is an approved new drug application; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a substance exempted for investigational use under § 506 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To the extent intended for human consumption, each controlled dangerous substance analogue is a substance described in Schedule I.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department may not add a substance to Schedule I under § 5–202 of this title unless the Department finds:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a high potential for abuse of the substance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>no accepted medical use in the United States for the substance; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a lack of accepted safety for use of the substance under medical supervision.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-403" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Schedules"> <level label="a"> <text>Schedule II consists of each controlled dangerous substance:</text> <level label="1"> <text>added to Schedule II by the Department under § 5–202(b) of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>designated as a Schedule II controlled dangerous substance by the federal government unless the Department objects under § 5–202(f) of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may not add a substance to Schedule II under § 5–202 of this title unless the Department finds:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a high potential for abuse of the substance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>currently accepted medical use of the substance in the United States, or currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>evidence that abuse of the substance may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-404" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Schedules"> <level label="a"> <text>Schedule III consists of each controlled dangerous substance by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or brand name:</text> <level label="1"> <text>added to Schedule III by the Department under § 5–202(b) of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>designated as a Schedule III controlled dangerous substance by the federal government unless the Department objects under § 5–202(f) of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may not add a substance to Schedule III under § 5–202 of this title unless the Department finds:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a potential for abuse of the substance that is less than that for the substances listed in Schedule I and Schedule II;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>well documented and approved medical use of the substance in the United States; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>evidence that abuse of the substance may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-405" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Schedules"> <level label="a"> <text>Schedule IV consists of each controlled dangerous substance:</text> <level label="1"> <text>added to Schedule IV by the Department under § 5–202(b) of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>designated as a Schedule IV controlled dangerous substance by the federal government unless the Department objects under § 5–202(f) of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may not add a substance to Schedule IV under § 5–202 of this title unless the Department finds that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the substances listed in Schedule III;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the substance has currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>abuse of the substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the substances in Schedule III.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-406" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Schedules"> <level label="a"> <text>Schedule V consists of each controlled dangerous substance:</text> <level label="1"> <text>added to Schedule V by the Department under § 5–202(b) of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>designated as a Schedule V controlled dangerous substance by the federal government unless the Department objects under § 5–202(f) of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may not add a substance to Schedule V under § 5–202 of this title unless the Department finds:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the substances listed in Schedule IV;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the substance has currently accepted medical use in the United States; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>abuse of the substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence liability relative to the substances listed in Schedule IV.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-501" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Prescriptions"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person may not dispense a controlled dangerous substance without a written prescription or an electronic prescription from an authorized provider if the substance is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>listed in Schedule II; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a drug to which § 21–220 of the Health – General Article applies.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A controlled dangerous substance to which subsection (a) of this section applies may be dispensed without a written prescription or an electronic prescription by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an authorized provider who:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is not a pharmacist; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>dispenses the controlled dangerous substance directly to an ultimate user; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a pharmacist if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an emergency exists;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the pharmacist dispenses the drug under regulations of the Department on an oral prescription that the pharmacist reduces promptly to writing and keeps on file; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>federal law authorizes the oral prescription.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A prescription for a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule II shall be kept on file in conformity with the requirements for records and inventories under § 5–306 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not refill a prescription for a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule II.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-502" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Prescriptions"> <text>An authorized provider may not dispense methadone, directly or by prescription, unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the authorized provider is associated with a controlled drug therapy program authorized by the Department; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an emergency or medical situation exists under regulations that the Department adopts in cooperation with the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of Maryland.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-503" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Prescriptions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “opium” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>codeine; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a natural or synthetic compound, manufactured substance, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of opium.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except on a valid prescription of an authorized prescriber as defined in § 12-101 of the Health Occupations Article, a person may not dispense, give, or sell a preparation containing opium or any of its derivatives.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a sale made to an authorized provider; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a sale made by a manufacturer, distributor, or licensed pharmacy to a hospital or institution that operates a dispensary in which an authorized provider is in charge.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except on a prescription from an authorized prescriber as defined in § 12-101 of the Health Occupations Article, a person may not possess or control a preparation containing opium or its derivatives.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may possess or control a preparation containing opium or its derivatives if the possession or control is in the regular course of lawful business, occupation, profession, employment, or duty of the person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first violation, a fine not exceeding $1,000;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a second violation, a fine not exceeding $2,000; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not exceeding 18 months.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-504" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Prescriptions"> <level label="a"> <text>Except when dispensed directly to an ultimate user by an authorized provider who is not a pharmacist, a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule III or Schedule IV that is a drug to which § 21–220 of the Health – General Article applies may not be dispensed without a written prescription, an electronic prescription, or an oral prescription.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Unless renewed by the authorized provider, the prescription may not be:</text> <level label="1"> <text>filled or refilled more than 6 months after the date of prescription; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>refilled more than five times.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-505" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Prescriptions"> <level label="a"> <text>A controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule V may not be distributed or dispensed except for a medical purpose.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>When dispensing the controlled dangerous substance, an authorized provider shall securely affix to the container, in addition to any other label already there, a label with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the dispenser’s name, signature, and registry number;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the date on which the controlled dangerous substance is dispensed; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the purchaser’s name.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-601" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>possess or administer to another a controlled dangerous substance, unless:</text> <level label="i"> <text>obtained directly or by prescription or order from an authorized provider acting in the course of professional practice; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the controlled dangerous substance is cannabis, the individual is at least 21 years old, and the amount possessed is the personal use amount; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>obtain or attempt to obtain a controlled dangerous substance, or procure or attempt to procure the administration of a controlled dangerous substance by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, or subterfuge;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the counterfeiting or alteration of a prescription or a written order;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the concealment of a material fact;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the use of a false name or address;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>falsely assuming the title of or representing to be a manufacturer, distributor, or authorized provider; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>making, issuing, or presenting a false or counterfeit prescription or written order.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Information that is communicated to a physician in an effort to obtain a controlled dangerous substance in violation of this section is not a privileged communication.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection, a person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first conviction, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for a second or third conviction, imprisonment not exceeding 18 months or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>for a fourth or subsequent conviction, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person whose violation of this section involves the use or possession of cannabis is guilty of a misdemeanor of possession of cannabis and is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>A finding of guilt under this section involving the use or possession of the personal use amount of cannabis by a person under the age of 21 years is a civil offense punishable by a fine not exceeding $100.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A finding of guilt under this section involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis is a civil offense punishable by a fine not exceeding $250.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="A"> <text>In addition to a fine, a court may order a person under the age of 21 years who commits a violation punishable under subsubparagraph 1 or 2 of this subparagraph to attend a drug education program approved by the Maryland Department of Health, refer the person to an assessment for substance abuse disorder, and refer the person to substance abuse treatment, if necessary.</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A court that orders a person to a drug education program or substance abuse assessment or treatment under this subsubparagraph may hold the case sub curia pending receipt of proof of completion of the program, assessment, or treatment.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>In this paragraph the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Bona fide physician–patient relationship” means a relationship in which the physician has ongoing responsibility for the assessment, care, and treatment of a patient’s medical condition.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Caregiver” means an individual designated by a patient with a debilitating medical condition to provide physical or medical assistance to the patient, including assisting with the medical use of cannabis, who:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>is a resident of the State;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>is at least 21 years old;</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>is an immediate family member, a spouse, or a domestic partner of the patient;</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>has not been convicted of a crime of violence as defined in § 14–101 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>has not been convicted of a violation of a State or federal controlled dangerous substances law;</text> </level> <level label="F"> <text>has not been convicted of a crime of moral turpitude;</text> </level> <level label="G"> <text>has been designated as caregiver by the patient in writing that has been placed in the patient’s medical record prior to arrest;</text> </level> <level label="H"> <text>is the only individual designated by the patient to serve as caregiver; and</text> </level> <level label="I"> <text>is not serving as caregiver for any other patient.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Debilitating medical condition” means a chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or the treatment of a chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition that produces one or more of the following, as documented by a physician with whom the patient has a bona fide physician–patient relationship:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>cachexia or wasting syndrome;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>severe or chronic pain;</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>severe nausea;</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>seizures;</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>severe and persistent muscle spasms; or</text> </level> <level label="F"> <text>any other condition that is severe and resistant to conventional medicine.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>In a prosecution for the use or possession of cannabis, the defendant may introduce and the court shall consider as a mitigating factor any evidence of medical necessity.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Notwithstanding paragraph (2) of this subsection, if the court finds that the person used or possessed cannabis because of medical necessity, the court shall dismiss the charge.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>In a prosecution for the use or possession of cannabis under this section, it is an affirmative defense that the defendant used or possessed cannabis because:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>the defendant has a debilitating medical condition that has been diagnosed by a physician with whom the defendant has a bona fide physician–patient relationship;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>the debilitating medical condition is severe and resistant to conventional medicine; and</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>cannabis is likely to provide the defendant with therapeutic or palliative relief from the debilitating medical condition.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>In a prosecution for the possession of cannabis under this section, it is an affirmative defense that the defendant possessed cannabis because the cannabis was intended for medical use by an individual with a debilitating medical condition for whom the defendant is a caregiver.</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A defendant may not assert the affirmative defense under this subsubparagraph unless the defendant notifies the State’s Attorney of the defendant’s intention to assert the affirmative defense and provides the State’s Attorney with all documentation in support of the affirmative defense in accordance with the rules of discovery provided in Maryland Rules 4–262 and 4–263.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An affirmative defense under this subparagraph may not be used if the defendant was:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>using cannabis in a public place or assisting the individual for whom the defendant is a caregiver in using the cannabis in a public place; or</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>in possession of more than 1 ounce of cannabis.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The smoking of cannabis in a public place is a civil offense punishable by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first finding of guilt, a fine not exceeding $50; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for a second or subsequent finding of guilt, a fine not exceeding $150.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The provisions of subsection (c)(2)(ii) of this section may not be construed to affect the laws relating to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>operating a vehicle or vessel while under the influence of or while impaired by a controlled dangerous substance; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>seizure and forfeiture.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Before imposing a sentence under subsection (c) of this section, the court may order the Maryland Department of Health or a certified and licensed designee to conduct an assessment of the defendant for substance use disorder and determine whether the defendant is in need of and may benefit from drug treatment.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If an assessment for substance use disorder is requested by the defendant and the court denies the request, the court shall state on the record the basis for the denial.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On receiving an order under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Maryland Department of Health, or the designee, shall conduct an assessment of the defendant for substance use disorder and provide the results to the court, the defendant or the defendant’s attorney, and the State identifying the defendant’s drug treatment needs.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The court shall consider the results of an assessment performed under paragraph (2) of this subsection when imposing the defendant’s sentence and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, the court shall suspend the execution of the sentence and order probation and, if the assessment shows that the defendant is in need of substance abuse treatment, require the Maryland Department of Health or the designee to provide the medically appropriate level of treatment as identified in the assessment; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the court may impose a term of imprisonment under subsection (c) of this section and order the Division of Correction or local correctional facility to facilitate the medically appropriate level of treatment for the defendant as identified in the assessment.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-601.1" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>A police officer shall issue a citation to a person who the police officer has probable cause to believe has committed a violation of § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A violation of § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis is a civil offense.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of a violation under § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is not a criminal conviction for any purpose; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>does not impose any of the civil disabilities that may result from a criminal conviction.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A citation issued for a violation of § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis shall be signed by the police officer who issues the citation and shall contain:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the name, address, and date of birth of the person charged;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the date and time that the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the location at which the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the fine that may be imposed;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a notice stating that prepayment of the fine is allowed, except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection; and</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a notice in boldface type that states that the person shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>pay the full amount of the preset fine; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>request a trial date at the date, time, and place established by the District Court by writ or trial notice.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a citation for a violation of § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis is issued to a person under the age of 21 years, the court shall summon the person for trial.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The form of the citation shall be uniform throughout the State and shall be prescribed by the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court shall establish a schedule for the prepayment of the fine.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Prepayment of a fine shall be considered a plea of guilty to a Code violation.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person described in subsection (c)(2) of this section may not prepay the fine.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may request a trial by sending a request for trial to the District Court in the jurisdiction where the citation was issued within 30 days of the issuance of the citation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person other than a person described in subsection (c)(2) of this section does not request a trial or prepay the fine within 30 days of the issuance of the citation, the court may impose the maximum fine and costs against the person and find the person is guilty of a Code violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>The issuing jurisdiction shall forward a copy of the citation and a request for trial to the District Court in the district having venue.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The failure of a defendant to respond to a summons described in subsection (c)(2) of this section shall be governed by § 5–212 of the Criminal Procedure Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person at least 21 years old fails to appear after having requested a trial, the court may impose the maximum fine and costs against the person and find the person is guilty of a Code violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>In any proceeding for a Code violation under § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the State has the burden to prove the guilt of the defendant by a preponderance of the evidence;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court shall apply the evidentiary standards as prescribed by law or rule for the trial of a criminal case;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the court shall ensure that the defendant has received a copy of the charges against the defendant and that the defendant understands those charges;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the defendant is entitled to cross–examine all witnesses who appear against the defendant, to produce evidence or witnesses on behalf of the defendant, and to testify on the defendant’s own behalf, if the defendant chooses to do so;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the defendant is entitled to be represented by counsel of the defendant’s choice and at the expense of the defendant; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the defendant may enter a plea of guilty or not guilty, and the verdict of the court in the case shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>guilty of a Code violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>not guilty of a Code violation; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>probation before judgment, imposed by the court in the same manner and to the same extent as is allowed by law in the trial of a criminal case.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>The defendant is liable for the costs of the proceedings in the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court costs in a Code violation case under § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis in which costs are imposed are $5.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>The State’s Attorney for any county may prosecute a Code violation under § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis in the same manner as prosecution of a violation of the criminal laws of the State.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In a Code violation case under § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis, the State’s Attorney may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>enter a nolle prosequi or move to place the case on the stet docket; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>exercise authority in the same manner as prescribed by law for violation of the criminal laws of the State.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <text>A person issued a citation for a violation of § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis who is under the age of 18 years shall be subject to the procedures and dispositions provided in Title 3, Subtitle 8A of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <text>A citation for a violation of § 5–601 of this part involving the use or possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis and the official record of a court regarding the citation are not subject to public inspection and may not be included on the public website maintained by the Maryland Judiciary if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the defendant has prepaid the fine;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the defendant has pled guilty to or been found guilty of the Code violation and has fully paid the fine and costs imposed for the violation;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the defendant has received a probation before judgment and has fully paid the fine and completed any terms imposed by the court;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the case has been removed from the stet docket after the defendant fully paid the fine and completed any terms imposed by the court;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>the State has entered a nolle prosequi;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>the defendant has been found not guilty of the charge; or</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>the charge has been dismissed.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-601.2" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not cultivate cannabis plants in a manner that is contrary to this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Cannabis plants may not be cultivated in a location where the plants are subject to public view, including a view from another private property, without the use of binoculars, aircraft, or other optical aids.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “reasonable precautions” includes cultivating cannabis in an enclosed locked space to which persons under the age of 21 years do not possess a key.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who cultivates cannabis shall take reasonable precautions to ensure the plants are secure from unauthorized access and access by a person under the age of 21 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Cannabis cultivation may occur only on property lawfully in possession of the cultivator or with the consent of the person in lawful possession of the property.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person under the age of 21 years may not cultivate cannabis plants.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not cultivate more than two cannabis plants.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If two or more persons at least 21 years old reside at the same residence, no more than two cannabis plants may be cultivated at that residence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-602" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>distribute or dispense a controlled dangerous substance; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>possess a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis in sufficient quantity reasonably to indicate under all circumstances an intent to distribute or dispense a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not possess cannabis in sufficient quantity reasonably to indicate under all circumstances an intent to distribute or dispense cannabis.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Possession of the civil use amount of cannabis or the personal use amount of cannabis without other evidence of an intent to distribute or dispense does not constitute a violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>In this subsection, “adult sharing” means transferring cannabis between persons who are 21 years of age or older without remuneration.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Adult sharing” does not include instances in which:</text> <level label="1"> <text>cannabis is given away contemporaneously with another reciprocal transaction between the same parties;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a gift of cannabis is offered or advertised in conjunction with an offer for the sale of goods or services; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a gift of cannabis is contingent on a separate reciprocal transaction for goods or services.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not prohibit, and no civil or criminal penalty may be imposed for, adult sharing of the personal use amount of cannabis.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-603" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not manufacture a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis, or manufacture, distribute, or possess a machine, equipment, instrument, implement, device, or a combination of them that is adapted to produce a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis under circumstances that reasonably indicate an intent to use it to produce, sell, or dispense a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis in violation of this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not cultivate or grow cannabis or manufacture a cannabis product, or manufacture, distribute, or possess a machine, equipment, an instrument, an implement, a device, or a combination of them that is adapted to produce cannabis or a cannabis product under circumstances that reasonably indicate an intent to use it to produce, sell, or dispense cannabis or a cannabis product in violation of this title.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>In this subsection the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Adult sharing” has the meaning stated in § 5–602(c)(1) of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>“Volatile solvent” means a solvent that is or produces a flammable gas or vapor that, when present in the air in sufficient quantities, will create explosive or ignitable mixtures.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Volatile solvent” includes butane, hexane, and propane.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who is at least 21 years old may manufacture a personal use amount of cannabis products or concentrated cannabis for personal use or adult sharing at a private residence if the manufacturing process does not involve the use of a volatile solvent.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-604" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “counterfeit substance” means a controlled dangerous substance, or its container or labeling, that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>without authorization, bears a likeness of the trademark, trade name, or other identifying mark, imprint, number, or device of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser other than the actual manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>thereby falsely purports or is represented to be the product of, or to have been distributed by, the other manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>create or distribute a counterfeit substance; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>possess a counterfeit substance with intent to distribute it.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not manufacture, distribute, or possess equipment that is designed to print, imprint, or reproduce an authentic or imitation trademark, trade name, other identifying mark, imprint, number, or device of another onto a drug or the container or label of a drug, rendering the drug a counterfeit substance.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-605" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>“Common nuisance” means a dwelling, building, vehicle, vessel, aircraft, or other place:</text> <level label="1"> <text>resorted to by individuals for the purpose of administering illegally controlled dangerous substances; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>where controlled dangerous substances or controlled paraphernalia are manufactured, distributed, dispensed, stored, or concealed illegally.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not keep a common nuisance.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-606" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this title, a person may not pass, issue, make, or possess a false, counterfeit, or altered prescription for a controlled dangerous substance with intent to distribute the controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Information that is communicated to an authorized prescriber in an effort to obtain a controlled dangerous substance in violation of subsection (a) of this section is not a privileged communication.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-607" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection and §§ 5–608 and 5–609 of this subtitle, a person who violates a provision of §§ 5–602 through 5–606 of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates § 5–602(b)(1) or § 5–603(b) of this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person convicted under this section is not prohibited from participating in a drug treatment program under § 8–507 of the Health – General Article because of the length of the sentence.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-608" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person who violates a provision of §§ 5–602 through 5–606 of this subtitle with respect to a Schedule I or Schedule II narcotic drug is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who is convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both if the person previously has been convicted once:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>of a crime under the laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle if committed in this State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who is convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both if the person previously:</text> <level label="i"> <text>has served at least one term of confinement of at least 180 days in a correctional institution as a result of a conviction:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 or § 5–614 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>of a crime under the laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle if committed in this State; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>has been convicted twice, if the convictions arise from separate occasions:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>of a crime under the laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle if committed in this State; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>of any combination of these crimes.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A separate occasion is one in which the second or succeeding crime is committed after there has been a charging document filed for the preceding crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who is convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 40 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both if the person previously has served three or more separate terms of confinement as a result of three or more separate convictions:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>of a crime under the laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–609 of this subtitle if committed in this State; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>of any combination of these crimes.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is not prohibited from participating in a drug treatment program under § 8–507 of the Health – General Article because of the length of the sentence.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-608.1" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not knowingly violate § 5–602 of this subtitle with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a mixture that contains heroin and a detectable amount of fentanyl or any analogue of fentanyl; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>fentanyl or any analogue of fentanyl.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and, in addition to any other penalty imposed for a violation of § 5–602 of this subtitle, on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section shall be consecutive to and not concurrent with any other sentence imposed under any other provision of law.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-609" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person who violates a provision of §§ 5–602 through 5–606 of this subtitle with respect to any of the following controlled dangerous substances is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both:</text> <level label="1"> <text>phencyclidine;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>1–(1–phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>1–phenylcyclohexylamine;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>1–piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>N–ethyl–1–phenylcyclohexylamine;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>1–(1–phenylcyclohexyl)–pyrrolidine;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>1–(1–(2–thienyl)–cyclohexyl)–piperidine;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>lysergic acid diethylamide; or</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>750 grams or more of 3, 4–methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who is convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both if the person previously has been convicted once:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>of a crime under the laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle if committed in this State; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>of any combination of these crimes.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who is convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both if the person previously:</text> <level label="i"> <text>has served at least one term of confinement of at least 180 days in a correctional institution as a result of a conviction under subsection (a) of this section, § 5–608 of this subtitle, or § 5–614 of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the convictions do not arise from a single incident, has been convicted twice:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>of a crime under the laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle if committed in this State; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>of any combination of these crimes.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A separate occasion is one in which the second or succeeding crime is committed after there has been a charging document filed for the preceding crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who is convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 40 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both if the person previously has served three separate terms of confinement as a result of three separate convictions:</text> <level label="1"> <text>under subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>of a crime under the laws of another state or the United States that would be a crime included in subsection (a) of this section or § 5–608 of this subtitle if committed in this State; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>of any combination of these crimes.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person convicted under subsection (a) of this section or of conspiracy to commit a crime included in subsection (a) of this section is not prohibited from participating in a drug treatment program under § 8–507 of the Health – General Article because of the length of the sentence.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-609.1" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject to subsection (c) of this section, a person who is serving a term of confinement that includes a mandatory minimum sentence imposed on or before September 30, 2017, for a violation of §§ 5–602 through 5–606 of this subtitle may apply to the court to modify or reduce the mandatory minimum sentence as provided in Maryland Rule 4–345, regardless of whether the defendant filed a timely motion for reconsideration or a motion for reconsideration was denied by the court.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The court may modify the sentence and depart from the mandatory minimum sentence unless the State shows that, giving due regard to the nature of the crime, the history and character of the defendant, and the defendant’s chances of successful rehabilitation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>retention of the mandatory minimum sentence would not result in substantial injustice to the defendant; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the mandatory minimum sentence is necessary for the protection of the public.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, an application for a hearing under subsection (a) of this section shall be submitted to the court or review panel on or before September 30, 2018.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court may consider an application after September 30, 2018, only for good cause shown.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The court shall notify the State’s Attorney of a request for a hearing.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person may not file more than one application for a hearing under subsection (a) of this section for a mandatory minimum sentence for a violation of §§ 5–602 through 5–606 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-610" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>In addition to any other penalty provided by law, a person who is convicted or found to have committed a delinquent act under § 5-602, § 5-603, § 5-604, § 5-605, or § 5-606 of this subtitle may be ordered by the court to pay restitution for actual costs reasonably incurred in cleaning up or remediating laboratories or other facilities operated for the illegal manufacture of a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the person convicted or found to have committed a delinquent act is a minor, the court may order the minor, the minor’s parent, or both to pay the restitution described in subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-612" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess:</text> <level label="1"> <text>50 pounds or more of cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>448 grams or more of cocaine;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>448 grams or more of any mixture containing a detectable amount, as scientifically measured using representative sampling methodology, of cocaine;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>448 grams or more of cocaine base, commonly known as “crack”;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>28 grams or more of morphine or opium or any derivative, salt, isomer, or salt of an isomer of morphine or opium;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>28 grams or more of any mixture containing a detectable amount, as scientifically measured using representative sampling methodology, of morphine or opium or any derivative, salt, isomer, or salt of an isomer of morphine or opium;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>5 grams or more of fentanyl or any structural variation of fentanyl that is scheduled by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>28 grams or more of any mixture containing a detectable amount, as scientifically measured using representative sampling methodology, of fentanyl or any structural variation of fentanyl that is scheduled by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>1,000 dosage units or more of lysergic acid diethylamide;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>any mixture containing the equivalent of 1,000 dosage units of lysergic acid diethylamide;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>16 ounces or more of phencyclidine in liquid form;</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>448 grams or more of any mixture containing a detectable amount, as scientifically measured using representative sampling methodology, of phencyclidine;</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>448 grams or more of methamphetamine; or</text> </level> <level label="14"> <text>448 grams or more of any mixture containing a detectable amount, as scientifically measured using representative sampling methodology, of methamphetamine.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>For the purpose of determining the quantity of a controlled dangerous substance involved in individual acts of manufacturing, distributing, dispensing, or possessing under subsection (a) of this section, the acts may be aggregated if each of the acts occurred within a 90–day period.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person who violates subsection (a) of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than 5 years and is subject to a fine not exceeding $100,000.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The court may not suspend any part of the mandatory minimum sentence of 5 years.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Except as provided in § 4–305 of the Correctional Services Article, the person is not eligible for parole during the mandatory minimum sentence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (a)(1) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $50,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-612.1" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject to subsection (c) of this section, a person who is serving a term of confinement that includes a mandatory minimum sentence imposed on or before September 30, 2017, for a violation of § 5–612 or § 5–613 of this subtitle involving less than 448 grams of cocaine base may apply to the court to modify or reduce the mandatory minimum sentence as provided in Maryland Rule 4–345, regardless of whether the defendant filed a timely motion for reconsideration or a motion for reconsideration was denied by the court.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The court may modify the sentence and depart from the mandatory minimum sentence unless the State shows that, giving due regard to the nature of the crime, the history and character of the defendant, and the defendant’s chances of successful rehabilitation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>retention of the mandatory minimum sentence would not result in substantial injustice to the defendant; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the mandatory minimum sentence is necessary for the protection of the public.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, an application under subsection (a) of this section shall be filed with the court or review panel on or before September 30, 2026.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court may consider an application filed after September 30, 2026, only for good cause shown.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The court shall notify the State’s Attorney of the filing of an application.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person may not file more than one application under subsection (a) of this section for a mandatory minimum sentence for a violation of § 5–612 of this subtitle involving less than 448 grams of cocaine base.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The court shall hold a hearing on an application filed under subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-613" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “drug kingpin” means an organizer, supervisor, financier, or manager who acts as a coconspirator in a conspiracy to manufacture, distribute, dispense, transport in, or bring into the State a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a drug kingpin who conspires to manufacture, distribute, dispense, transport in, or bring into the State a controlled dangerous substance in an amount listed in § 5–612 of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for not less than 20 years and not exceeding 40 years without the possibility of parole or a fine not exceeding $1,000,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A court may not suspend any part of the mandatory minimum sentence of 20 years.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The person is not eligible for parole during the mandatory minimum sentence.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A drug kingpin who conspires to manufacture, distribute, dispense, transport in, or bring into the State cannabis in an amount listed in § 5–612(a)(1) of this subtitle is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $100,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>It is not a defense to a prosecution under this section that the controlled dangerous substance was brought into or transported in the State solely for ultimate distribution or dispensing in another jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a conviction under this section does not merge with the conviction for any crime that is the object of the conspiracy.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The provisions of § 6–220 of the Criminal Procedure Article do not apply to a conviction under this section.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section does not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>prohibit a court from imposing an enhanced penalty under § 5–905 of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>preclude or limit a prosecution for any other crime.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-613.1" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law and subject to subsection (c) of this section, a person who is serving a term of confinement that includes a mandatory minimum sentence imposed on or before September 30, 2025, for a violation of § 5–612 or § 5–613 of this subtitle involving cannabis may apply to the court to modify or reduce the mandatory minimum sentence as provided in Maryland Rule 4–345, regardless of whether the defendant filed a timely motion for reconsideration or a motion for reconsideration was denied by the court.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The court may modify the sentence and depart from the mandatory minimum sentence unless the State shows that, giving due regard to the nature of the crime, the history and character of the defendant, and the defendant’s chances of successful rehabilitation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>retention of the mandatory minimum sentence would not result in substantial injustice to the defendant; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the mandatory minimum sentence is necessary for the protection of the public.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, an application under subsection (a) of this section shall be filed with the court or review panel on or before September 30, 2026.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court may consider an application filed after September 30, 2026, only for good cause shown.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The court shall notify the State’s Attorney of the filing of an application.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The court shall hold a hearing on an application filed under subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>If the court denies the motion, the person may file one subsequent motion under this section not earlier than 3 years after the denial of the first motion.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-614" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless authorized by law to possess the substance, a person may not bring into the State:</text> <level label="i"> <text>45 kilograms or more of cannabis;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>28 grams or more of cocaine;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>any mixture containing 28 grams or more of cocaine;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>4 grams or more of morphine or opium or any derivative, salt, isomer, or salt of an isomer of morphine or opium;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>1,000 dosage units of lysergic acid diethylamide;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>any mixture containing the equivalent of 1,000 dosage units of lysergic acid diethylamide;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>28 grams or more of phencyclidine in liquid or powder form;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>112 grams or more of any mixture containing phencyclidine;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>1,000 dosage units or more of methaqualone;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>28 grams or more of methamphetamine;</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>any mixture containing 28 grams or more of methamphetamine; or</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>4 grams or more of fentanyl or a fentanyl analogue.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 25 years or a fine not exceeding $50,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless authorized by law to possess the cannabis, a person may not bring into the State more than 5 kilograms but less than 45 kilograms of cannabis.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-617" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not distribute, attempt to distribute, or possess with intent to distribute a noncontrolled substance:</text> <level label="1"> <text>that the person represents as a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>that the person intends for use or distribution as a controlled dangerous substance; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>under circumstances where one reasonably should know that the noncontrolled substance will be used or distributed for use as a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>To determine if a person has violated this section, the court or other authority shall include in its consideration:</text> <level label="1"> <text>whether the noncontrolled substance was packaged in a manner normally used to distribute a controlled dangerous substance illegally;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>whether the distribution or attempted distribution included an exchange of or demand for money or other property as consideration, and whether the amount of consideration was substantially greater than the reasonable value of the noncontrolled substance; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>whether the physical appearance of the noncontrolled substance is substantially identical to that of a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>It is not a defense to a prosecution under this section that the defendant believed that the noncontrolled substance was a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-618" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as authorized in this title, a person may not possess or purchase a noncontrolled substance that the person reasonably believes is a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>To determine if a person has violated this section, the court shall include in its consideration:</text> <level label="1"> <text>whether the noncontrolled substance was packaged in a manner normally used to illegally distribute a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the noncontrolled substance was purchased, whether the amount of the consideration was substantially greater than the reasonable value of the noncontrolled substance; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>whether the physical appearance of the noncontrolled substance is substantially identical to that of a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>It is not a defense to a prosecution under this section that the substance a person possessed or purchased was not a controlled dangerous substance if the person reasonably believed that it was a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-619" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>To determine whether an object is drug paraphernalia, a court shall consider, among other logically relevant factors:</text> <level label="1"> <text>any statement by an owner or a person in control of the object concerning its use;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>any prior conviction of an owner or a person in control of the object under a State or federal law relating to a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of this section or to a controlled dangerous substance;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a residue of a controlled dangerous substance on the object;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner or a person in control of the object to deliver it to another who, the owner or the person knows or should reasonably know, intends to use the object to facilitate a violation of this section;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>any instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning its use;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>any descriptive materials accompanying the object that explain or depict its use;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>national and local advertising concerning use of the object;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>the manner in which the object is displayed for sale;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>whether the owner or a person in control of the object is a licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products or other legitimate supplier of related items to the community;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object to the total sales of the business enterprise;</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>the existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community; and</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>expert testimony concerning use of the object.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The innocence of an owner or a person in control of the object as to a direct violation of this section does not prevent a finding that the object is intended for use or designed for use as drug paraphernalia.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless authorized under this title, a person may not use or possess with intent to use drug paraphernalia to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, pack, repack, store, contain, or conceal a controlled dangerous substance; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, a fine not exceeding $500; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who is convicted of violating this subsection for the first time and who previously has been convicted of violating subsection (d)(4) of this section is subject to the penalty specified under paragraph (2)(ii) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless authorized under this title, a person may not deliver or sell, or manufacture or possess with intent to deliver or sell, drug paraphernalia, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the drug paraphernalia will be used to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, pack, repack, store, contain, or conceal a controlled dangerous substance; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, a fine not exceeding $500; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who is convicted of violating this subsection for the first time and who previously has been convicted of violating paragraph (4) of this subsection is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If a person who is at least 18 years old violates paragraph (1) of this subsection by delivering drug paraphernalia to a minor who is at least 3 years younger than the person, the person is guilty of a separate misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 8 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not advertise in a newspaper, magazine, handbill, poster, sign, mailing, or other writing or publication, or by sound truck, knowing, or under circumstances where one reasonably should know, that the purpose of the advertisement, wholly or partly, is to promote the sale or delivery of drug paraphernalia.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, a fine not exceeding $500; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-620" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless authorized under this title, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>obtain or attempt to obtain controlled paraphernalia by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>fraud, deceit, misrepresentation, or subterfuge;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>counterfeiting a prescription or a written order;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>concealing a material fact or the use of a false name or address;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>falsely assuming the title of or representing to be a manufacturer, distributor, or authorized provider; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>making or issuing a false or counterfeit prescription or written order; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>possess or distribute controlled paraphernalia under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use the controlled paraphernalia for purposes of illegally administering a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Evidence of circumstances that reasonably indicate an intent to use controlled paraphernalia to manufacture, distribute, or dispense a controlled dangerous substance unlawfully include the close proximity of the controlled paraphernalia to an adulterant, diluent, or equipment commonly used to illegally manufacture, distribute, or dispense controlled dangerous substances, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a scale;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a sieve;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a strainer;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>a measuring spoon;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>staples;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>a stapler;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>a glassine envelope;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>a gelatin capsule;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>procaine hydrochloride;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>mannitol;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>lactose;</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>quinine; and</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Information that is communicated to a physician to obtain controlled paraphernalia from the physician in violation of this subtitle is not a privileged communication.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first violation, a fine not exceeding $500; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-621" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Drug trafficking crime” means a felony or a conspiracy to commit a felony involving the possession, distribution, manufacture, or importation of a controlled dangerous substance under §§ 5–602 through 5–609 and 5–614 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Forfeiting authority” means the office or person designated by agreement between the State’s Attorney for a county and the chief executive officer of the governing body that has jurisdiction over the assets subject to forfeiture.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>During and in relation to a drug trafficking crime, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>possess a firearm under sufficient circumstances to constitute a nexus to the drug trafficking crime; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>use, wear, carry, or transport a firearm.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>In addition to the sentence provided for the drug trafficking crime, a person who violates subsection (b) of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, imprisonment for not less than 5 years and not exceeding 20 years; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment for not less than 10 years and not exceeding 20 years.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>The court shall impose a minimum sentence of 5 years under paragraph (1)(i) of this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The court shall impose a minimum sentence of 10 years under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>A court may not suspend any part of a mandatory minimum sentence.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Except as provided in § 4-305 of the Correctional Services Article, a person sentenced under this subsection is not eligible for parole.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A sentence imposed under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection shall be consecutive to and not concurrent with any other sentence imposed by virtue of the commission of the drug trafficking crime.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>In this subsection, “firearm silencer” means a device that is designed for silencing, muffling, or diminishing the report of a firearm.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Firearm silencer” includes a combination of parts designed, redesigned, or intended for use in assembling or fabricating a firearm silencer or muffler.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A court shall double the minimum mandatory sentence provided in subsection (c)(1)(ii) of this section if the firearm used during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>listed in § 4-301 of this article or § 5-101 of the Public Safety Article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a machine gun; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>equipped with a firearm silencer.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A firearm or ammunition seized under this section is contraband and shall be forfeited summarily to a forfeiting authority.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Unless otherwise prohibited by law or if forfeiture proceedings have begun, the forfeiting authority shall return the seized property to the owner or possessor within 90 days after the date of seizure if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the owner or possessor of the property seized is acquitted; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the charges against the person are dismissed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Unless otherwise prohibited by law, the forfeiting authority shall return the seized property to the owner or possessor promptly if the State:</text> <level label="i"> <text>enters a nolle prosequi against the owner or possessor of property seized; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>does not charge the person within 90 days after the nolle prosequi is entered.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-622" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “firearm” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a handgun, antique firearm, rifle, shotgun, short-barreled shotgun, and short-barreled rifle, as those words are defined in § 4-201 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a machine gun, as defined in § 4-401 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a regulated firearm, as defined in § 5-101 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not possess, own, carry, or transport a firearm if that person has been convicted of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a felony under this title;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a crime under the laws of another state or of the United States that would be a felony under this title if committed in this State;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>conspiracy to commit a crime referred to in items (1) and (2) of this subsection; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>an attempt to commit a crime referred to in items (1) and (2) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-623" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Drug crime” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a crime under this title; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a crime committed in another jurisdiction that would be a crime under this title if committed in this State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Financial transaction” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a payment;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a purchase;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a sale;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a loan;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a pledge;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a transfer;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>a delivery;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a deposit;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>a withdrawal; or</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>an extension of credit or exchange of a monetary instrument or equivalent property, including precious metals, stones or jewelry, airline tickets, stamps, or credit in a financial institution as defined in § 1-101 of the Financial Institutions Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Monetary instrument” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>coin or currency of the United States or any other country;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a bank check;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a travelers’ check;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a money order;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>an investment security; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a negotiable instrument.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Proceeds” means money or any other property with a value exceeding $10,000.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except for a financial transaction necessary to preserve a person’s right to representation as guaranteed by the 6th Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 21 of the Maryland Declaration of Rights, a person may not, with the intent to promote a drug crime or with the intent to conceal or disguise the nature, location, source, ownership, or control of proceeds of a drug crime:</text> <level label="1"> <text>receive or acquire proceeds knowing that the proceeds are derived from a drug crime;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>engage in a financial transaction involving proceeds knowing that the proceeds are derived from a drug crime;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>give, sell, transfer, trade, invest, conceal, transport, or maintain an interest in proceeds knowing that the proceeds are derived from a drug crime;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>direct, promote, plan, organize, initiate, finance, manage, supervise, or facilitate the transportation or transfer of proceeds knowing that the proceeds are derived from a drug crime; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>conduct a financial transaction involving proceeds knowing that the proceeds are derived from a drug crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>imprisonment not exceeding 5 years;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a fine not exceeding the greater of $250,000 or twice the value of the proceeds involved in the financial transaction; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>both; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for each subsequent violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>imprisonment not exceeding 10 years;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a fine not exceeding the greater of $500,000 or 5 times the value of the proceeds involved in the financial transaction; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>both.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law, for purposes of this section each financial transaction is a separate violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-624" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “drug” does not include alcohol.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not administer a controlled dangerous substance or other drug to another without that person’s knowledge and commit against that other:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a crime of violence as defined in § 14-101 of this article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a sexual offense in the third degree under § 3-307 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section may be separate from and consecutive to or concurrent with a sentence for any crime based on the act or acts establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-627" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess with intent to distribute a controlled dangerous substance in violation of § 5–602 of this subtitle or conspire to commit any of these crimes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in a school vehicle, as defined under § 11–154 of the Transportation Article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in, on, or within 1,000 feet of real property owned by or leased to an elementary school, secondary school, or county board and used for elementary or secondary education.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subsection (a) of this section applies whether or not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>school was in session at the time of the crime; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the real property was being used for purposes other than school purposes at the time of the crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000 or both; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not less than 5 years and not exceeding 40 years or a fine not exceeding $40,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>The court may not suspend the 5–year minimum sentence required by paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in § 4–305 of the Correctional Services Article, a person sentenced under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection is not eligible for parole during this period of the 5–year minimum sentence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A sentence imposed under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be consecutive to any other sentence imposed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, a conviction under this section may not merge with a conviction under § 5–602, § 5–603, § 5–604, § 5–605, § 5–606, § 5–607, § 5–608, § 5–609, § 5–612, § 5–613, or § 5–628 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>In a prosecution under this section, a map or certified copy of a map made by a county or municipal unit to depict the location and boundaries of the area within 1,000 feet of real property owned by or leased to an elementary school, secondary school, or county board and used for school purposes is admissible as prima facie evidence of the location and boundaries of the depicted area, if the governing body of the county or municipal corporation approves the map or certified copy of the map as an official record of the location and boundaries of the depicted area.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The map or a certified copy of the map shall be filed with the county or municipal corporation, which shall maintain the map or the certified copy of the map as an official record.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The governing body of the county or municipal corporation may revise periodically the map or certified copy of the map.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>This subsection does not preclude the prosecution from introducing other evidence to establish an element of a crime under this section.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>This subsection does not preclude the use or admissibility of maps or diagrams other than those approved by the county or municipal corporation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-628" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Controlled Dangerous Substances and Paraphernalia"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person may not hire, solicit, engage, or use a minor to manufacture, deliver, or distribute on behalf of that person a controlled dangerous substance in sufficient quantity to reasonably indicate under all the circumstances an intent to distribute the controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>This paragraph does not prohibit a person from hiring, soliciting, engaging, or using a minor to manufacture, deliver, or distribute a controlled dangerous substance if the manufacturing, delivering, or distributing has a lawful purpose.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not transport, carry, or otherwise bring a minor into the State to use the minor to violate this section or § 5-602, § 5-603, § 5-604, § 5-605, § 5-606, § 5-612, § 5-613, § 5-617, or § 5-627 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $20,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-701" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <level label="a"> <text>Sections 5–701 through 5–704 of this subtitle apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the sale of prescription drugs by a manufacturer, wholesale distributor, retail pharmacist, or jobber to a person not legally qualified or authorized to purchase and hold prescription drugs for use or resale; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an authorized provider’s assistant who is not licensed to administer prescription drugs.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not dispense a prescription drug except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>on an authorized provider’s:</text> <level label="i"> <text>electronic prescription;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>written prescription; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>oral prescription that the pharmacist reduces to writing and files; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>by refilling a written prescription, an electronic prescription, or an oral prescription that is authorized:</text> <level label="i"> <text>by the authorized provider in the original prescription; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>by oral direction that the pharmacist reduces to writing and files.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not dispense a prescription drug by filling or refilling a written prescription, an electronic prescription, or an oral prescription of an authorized provider unless the drug bears a label that, in addition to any requirements of the Department or federal law, contains:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the name and address of the dispenser;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the serial number and date of the prescription;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the name of the authorized provider; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>if stated in the prescription, the name and address of the patient and the directions for use.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Except as otherwise provided under this title, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>manufacture, distribute, or possess with intent to distribute a prescription drug;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>affix a false or counterfeit label to a package, container, or other receptacle containing a prescription drug;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>omit, remove, alter, or obliterate a label or symbol that is required by federal, State, or local law on a prescription drug; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>obtain or attempt to obtain a prescription drug by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>fraud, deceit, or misrepresentation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the counterfeiting or altering of a prescription or written order;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>concealing a material fact;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>using a false name or address;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>falsely assuming the title of or falsely representing that the person is a manufacturer, distributor, or authorized provider; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>making or issuing a false or counterfeit prescription or written order.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-702" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies to a person engaged in the business of selling prescription drugs, controlled dangerous substances, medicines, chemicals, or preparations for medical use or of compounding or dispensing these in accordance with physicians’ prescriptions.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person subject to this subsection may not knowingly sell or deliver to another a drug, medicine, chemical, or preparation for medicinal use that is recognized or authorized by the latest edition of the United States Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary or prepared according to the private formula of another that is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>other or different from the prescription drug, controlled dangerous substance, medicine, chemical, or preparation that is ordered or called for by the person; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>except as authorized under § 12-504 of the Health Occupations Article, called for in a prescription of a physician or other authorized provider.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subsection (a) of this section applies to a person acting on the person’s own behalf or as an agent or employee of some other person.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment of not less than 1 month and not exceeding 1 year or a fine of not less than $100 and not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person convicted under this section holds a license under Title 12 of the Health Occupations Article, the license shall be revoked in accordance with § 12-313(c) of the Health Occupations Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-703" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to the mailing of a drug to a person who under State law is authorized to disburse, prescribe, or administer the drug.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not send by mail a prescription drug, controlled dangerous substance, or medicine to “Resident”, “Occupant”, or to a named addressee who has not requested that the prescription drug, controlled dangerous substance, or medicine be mailed.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-704" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <text>The Department may adopt regulations to administer and enforce §§ 5-701 through 5-703 of this subtitle.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-705" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (c) of this section, in a criminal case involving counterfeiting of a prescription under this title, an affidavit by an authorized provider may be introduced as evidence that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the signature on a prescription of the authorized provider has been counterfeited;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the individual named on the prescription was not a patient of the authorized provider; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the individual named on the prescription did not have a prescription from the authorized provider for the named prescription drug or controlled dangerous substance or did not have a prescription for that quantity of the prescription drug or controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The affidavit shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>be attached to a copy of the prescription;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>be given under oath subject to the penalty of perjury;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>declare that the prescription is counterfeit or altered;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>describe in detail the parts of the prescription that have been counterfeited; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>state whether a patient relationship exists between the individual named on the prescription and the authorized provider.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>At least 10 days before a proceeding in which the State intends to introduce into evidence an affidavit as provided under subsection (b) of this section, the State shall provide written notice to the defendant that the State intends to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>rely on the affidavit; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>introduce the affidavit into evidence at the proceeding.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On written demand of a defendant filed at least 5 days before the proceeding described in subsection (a) of this section, the State shall require the presence of the affiant as a prosecution witness.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-708" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This section applies to fingernail polish, model airplane glue, or any other substance that causes intoxication, inebriation, excitement, stupefaction, or dulling of the brain or nervous system when smelled or inhaled.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the inhalation of anaesthesia for medical or dental purposes; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>controlled dangerous substances.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not deliberately smell or inhale a substance listed in paragraph (2) of this subsection in an amount that causes intoxication, excitement, stupefaction, or dulling of the brain or nervous system.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section applies to a drug or any other noxious substance or chemical that contains:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an aldehyde;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>butane;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>butyl nitrite;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a chlorinated hydrocarbon;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>ether;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a fluorinated hydrocarbon;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>a ketone;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>methyl benzene;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>nitrous oxide;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>an organic acetate; or</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>another substance containing solvents releasing toxic vapors.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-709" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “distribute” includes actual, constructive, or attempted transfer, exchange, or delivery, regardless of remuneration or agency relationship.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not distribute or possess with intent to distribute to another a substance listed in § 5-708 of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>with the intent to induce unlawful inhaling of the substance; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>with the knowledge that the other will unlawfully inhale the substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>instruct another in the practice of inhaling or smelling that is prohibited under § 5-708(b) of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>distribute a butane canister to a minor.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 18 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-710" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Prescription Drugs and Other Substances"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “human growth hormone” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>somatrem, somatropin, and any of their analogues; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a substance labeled as being or containing somatrem or somatropin and any analogue of somatrem or somatropin.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section applies to an athletic facility, commercial health club, public recreation center, weight training gym, school gymnasium, or other establishment operated primarily for the exercise, physical fitness, athletic training, or physical education of the individuals who use the facility.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The operator of a facility subject to this section shall obtain and affix at least one warning notice in each locker room maintained in the facility.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>The lettering in each warning notice shall be at least 1 inch high and shall be conspicuously placed for maximum possible visibility.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The warning notice shall read:</text> <text>Warning</text> <text>The nonprescription use, possession, or distribution of anabolic steroids or human growth hormone is illegal in the State of Maryland. On conviction, violators are subject to imprisonment or a fine or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-801" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, the Department of State Police may initiate investigations and enforce this title and Title 12 of the Criminal Procedure Article throughout the State without regard to any limitation otherwise applicable to that department’s activities in a municipal corporation or other political subdivision.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-802" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, a law enforcement officer of the Maryland Transportation Authority Police, a municipal corporation, or a county may investigate and otherwise enforce this title and Title 12 of the Criminal Procedure Article throughout the State without any limitation as to jurisdiction and to the same extent as a law enforcement officer of the Department of State Police.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The authority granted in paragraph (1) of this subsection may be exercised only in accordance with regulations that the Secretary of the State Police adopts.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The regulations are not subject to Title 10, Subtitle 1 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If action is taken under the authority granted in this section, notification of an investigation or enforcement action shall be made:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in a municipal corporation, to the chief of police or designee of the chief of police;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in a county that has a county police department, to the chief of police or designee of the chief of police;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>in a county without a police department, to the sheriff or designee of the sheriff;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>in Baltimore City, to the Police Commissioner or the Police Commissioner’s designee; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>on property owned, leased, or operated by or under the control of the Maryland Transportation Authority, the Maryland Aviation Administration, or the Maryland Port Administration, to the chief of police of the Maryland Transportation Authority or the chief’s designee.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>When acting under the authority granted in this section, a law enforcement officer:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in addition to any other immunities and exemptions to which the officer may be entitled, has the immunities from liability and exemptions accorded to a law enforcement officer of the Department of State Police; but</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>remains an employee of the officer’s employing agency.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-803" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The Secretary of State Police may pay a person the sum of money that the Secretary considers appropriate for information about a violation of this title.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The money shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>be paid without reference to any reward to which the person may otherwise be entitled by law; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>be from funds appropriated for the Department of State Police, Intelligence Division.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Money that is expended from appropriations of the Department of State Police, Intelligence Division, for purchase of controlled dangerous substances and that is subsequently recovered shall be reimbursed to the current appropriation for that Department.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Secretary of State Police may advance money to enforce this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-804" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “administrative probable cause” means a valid public interest in the effective enforcement of this title or regulations sufficient to justify administrative inspection of the area, premises, building, or conveyance in the circumstances specified in the application for the administrative inspection warrant.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>On showing of administrative probable cause, a judge of the State may issue an administrative inspection warrant to conduct:</text> <level label="1"> <text>administrative inspections authorized by this title; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>seizures of property appropriate to the inspections.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>An administrative inspection warrant shall issue only on an affidavit:</text> <level label="i"> <text>of a designated officer or employee with knowledge of the facts alleged;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>that is sworn to before the judge; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>that establishes the grounds for issuing the warrant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the judge is satisfied that grounds for the application exist or that there is administrative probable cause to believe they exist, the judge shall issue an administrative inspection warrant that identifies:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the area, premises, building, or conveyance to be inspected;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the purpose of the inspection; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>where appropriate, the type of property to be inspected.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The warrant shall be directed to a person authorized to execute it.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The warrant shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>identify the item or type of property to be seized;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>state the grounds for its issuance and the name of the affiant;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>require the person to whom the warrant is directed to inspect the area, premises, building, or conveyance identified for the specified purpose;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>require, where appropriate, the seizure of the specified property;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>require that the warrant be served during normal business hours; and</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>designate the judge to whom the warrant is to be returned.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>An administrative inspection warrant issued in accordance with this section shall be executed and returned within 10 days after its date.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If property is seized in accordance with an administrative inspection warrant, the person who executes the warrant:</text> <level label="i"> <text>shall give to the person from whom or from whose premises the property was taken a copy of the warrant and a receipt for the property taken; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall leave the copy and receipt at the place from which the property was taken.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The warrant shall be returned promptly and be accompanied by a written inventory of any property taken.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The inventory shall be made in the presence of the person executing the warrant and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person from whose possession or premises the property was taken; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if that person is not present, at least one other credible person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>On request, the judge shall deliver a copy of the inventory to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person from whom or from whose premises the property was taken; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the applicant for the warrant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A judge who issues an administrative inspection warrant under this section shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>attach to the warrant a copy of the return and all papers filed in connection with the return; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>file them with the clerk of the court from which the warrant was issued.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-805" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “controlled premises” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a place where a registrant or person exempted from registration requirements under this title is required to keep records; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a place, including a factory, warehouse, establishment, or conveyance, where a registrant or person exempted from registration requirements under this title may possess, manufacture, compound, process, sell, deliver, or dispose of a controlled dangerous substance.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may make administrative inspections of controlled premises in accordance with this section and designate those who may seize property under this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An officer or employee designated by the Department may enter controlled premises to conduct an administrative inspection:</text> <level label="1"> <text>when authorized by an administrative inspection warrant issued under § 5-804 of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>on presenting the warrant and appropriate credentials to the owner, operator, or agent in charge.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>When authorized by an administrative inspection warrant, an officer or employee designated by the Department may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>inspect and copy records that must be kept under this title;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>inspect, within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner:</text> <level label="i"> <text>controlled premises and all pertinent equipment, finished and unfinished material, containers, and labeling in the controlled premises;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, all other things in the controlled premises, including records, files, papers, processes, controls, and facilities, bearing on violation of this title; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>inventory stock and obtain samples of a controlled dangerous substance in the controlled premises.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Without a warrant, the Department may inspect books and records in accordance with this title and enter and conduct administrative inspections, including seizures of property:</text> <level label="1"> <text>with the consent of the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in a situation that presents imminent danger to health or safety;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>in a situation that involves inspection of a conveyance where there is reasonable cause to believe that the mobility of the conveyance makes it impracticable to obtain a warrant;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>in any other exceptional or emergency situation in which time or opportunity to apply for a warrant is lacking; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>in all other situations where a warrant is not legally required.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Unless the owner, operator, or agent in charge of the controlled premises consents in writing, an inspection authorized under this section may not extend to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>financial data;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>sales data other than shipment data; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>pricing data.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-806" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <text>The Department, the Attorney General, and the State’s Attorney for a county may apply to the appropriate court for a temporary or permanent injunction to restrain a person from violating this title:</text> <level label="1"> <text>whether or not an adequate remedy at law exists;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in addition to the other remedies provided by this title; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>notwithstanding any other law.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-807" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The State need not negate an exemption, proviso, or exception set forth in this title in:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a complaint, information, indictment, or other pleading; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a trial, hearing, or other proceeding under this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The burden of proof to establish an exemption, proviso, or exception is on the person claiming its benefit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>In the absence of proof that a person is a registrant or holder of an order form issued under § 5–303(d) of this title, the person is presumed not to be a registrant or holder of a form.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The person has the burden of proof to rebut the presumption.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-808" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <level label="a"> <text>If the individual is engaged in the enforcement or prosecution of this title or other law relating to controlled dangerous substances, criminal liability may not be imposed under this title on:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an authorized officer of the United States, this State, or a political subdivision of this State; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>an authorized police department civilian employee of the United States, this State, or a political subdivision of this State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A public official or employee who is covered under subsection (a) of this section may temporarily possess controlled dangerous substances, drug paraphernalia, or controlled paraphernalia incidental to the discharge of official or employee duties.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-809" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, at a hearing relating to bail or sentencing arising out of a violation or alleged violation of this title, hearsay evidence is admissible if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the hearsay is relevant to the issue; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the underlying circumstances on which the hearsay is based and the reliability of the source of the information are demonstrated.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-810" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Criminal Procedure"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Drug crime” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a violation of this title;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a violation of Title 12 of the Criminal Procedure Article; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a violation of the law of any other jurisdiction if the prohibited conduct would be a violation of this title or Title 12 of the Criminal Procedure Article if committed in this State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“License” has the meaning stated in § 10–1401 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Licensing authority” has the meaning stated in § 10–1401 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Licensing information” means a statement of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>each license held by the defendant on the date of sentencing;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the full name of the licensee as it appears on the license and, if different, as it appears in the court’s docket;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the birth date of the licensee; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the name of each licensing authority by whom the defendant is licensed.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If an individual is convicted of a drug crime, the court:</text> <level label="i"> <text>shall determine at sentencing whether the individual holds a license; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the individual holds a license, shall obtain the licensing information.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the individual holds a license, at sentencing, the court shall make a prima facie finding of fact as to whether a relationship exists between the conviction and the license including:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a determination of the individual’s ability to perform the tasks authorized by the license;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a finding of whether the public will be protected if the individual continues to perform the tasks authorized by the license;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a finding of whether the nature and circumstances of the drug crime merit referral to the licensing authority; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a finding of any other facts that the court considers relevant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the court makes a prima facie finding of fact that a relationship between the conviction and the license exists, the court shall follow the procedures under subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies to a conviction of a licensee for a drug crime if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the licensee has at least one prior conviction or probation before judgment for a drug crime committed on or after January 1, 1991; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>the licensee does not have a prior conviction or probation before judgment for a drug crime committed on or after January 1, 1991; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the court makes a prima facie finding of fact that a relationship exists between the conviction and the license under subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On conviction of a licensee, the court shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>notify the clerk of the court of the determination; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>provide the clerk of the court with the licensing information.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The clerk of the court shall certify and report the conviction and the licensing information to the licensing authority, under administrative orders that the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maryland adopts.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If the court makes a prima facie finding of fact under subsection (b) of this section that a relationship between the conviction and the license does not exist, the clerk may not certify or report to a licensing authority the conviction or the licensing information.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-901" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, a violation of this title shall be treated as if it were a felony for purposes of arrest, search, and seizure, whether or not a defendant is subsequently charged with or convicted of a violation that is a misdemeanor.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-902" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise authorized by this title, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>omit, remove, alter, or obliterate a symbol required by federal law for a substance governed by this title;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>refuse or fail to make, keep, or furnish a record, notification, order form, statement, invoice, or information required under this title;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>refuse entry into a premises or inspection, if the entry or inspection is authorized under this title; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>as a registrant or other authorized person under this title, keep or maintain a store, shop, warehouse, dwelling house, building, vehicle, boat, aircraft, or other place that is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>resorted to by persons using a controlled dangerous substance in violation of this title for the purpose of using a controlled dangerous substance; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>used for keeping or selling a controlled dangerous substance in violation of this title.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Unless authorized by the registrant’s registration, a registrant may not manufacture, distribute, or dispense a controlled dangerous substance to another registrant or other authorized person.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An authorized provider may not prescribe, administer, manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess a controlled dangerous substance, drug paraphernalia, or controlled paraphernalia except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in the course of regular professional duties; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in conformity with this title and the standards of the authorized provider’s profession relating to controlled dangerous substances, drug paraphernalia, or controlled paraphernalia.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A controlled dangerous substance, drug paraphernalia, or controlled paraphernalia manufactured, distributed, dispensed, possessed, prescribed, or administered in violation of subsection (c) of this section is contraband.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>If the trier of fact specifically finds that a person has knowingly or intentionally violated this section, the person is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $100,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In all other cases, a person who violates this section is subject to a civil penalty not exceeding $50,000.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-903" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <level label="a"> <text>In manufacturing or distributing a controlled dangerous substance, a person may not willfully use a registration number that is fictitious, revoked, suspended, or issued to another.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $100,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-904" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <level label="a"> <text>A registrant may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>distribute or dispense a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule I or Schedule II in violation of § 5-303(d) of this title; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>distribute a controlled dangerous substance listed in Schedule I or Schedule II in the course of the registrant’s legitimate business, except in accordance with an order form under § 5-303(d) of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If the trier of fact specifically finds that a person knowingly or intentionally violated subsection (a)(1) of this section, the person is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $100,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In all other cases, a person who violates subsection (a)(1) of this section is subject to a civil penalty not exceeding $50,000.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who willfully violates subsection (a)(2) of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $100,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-905" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, a person convicted of a subsequent crime under this title is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a term of imprisonment twice that otherwise authorized;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>twice the fine otherwise authorized; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>For purposes of this section, a crime is considered a subsequent crime, if, before the conviction for the crime, the offender has ever been convicted of a crime under this title or under any law of the United States or of this or another state relating to other controlled dangerous substances.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person convicted of a subsequent crime under a law superseded by this title is eligible for parole, probation, and suspension of sentence in the same manner as those persons convicted under this title.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A sentence on a single count under this section may be imposed in conjunction with other sentences under this title.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person whose prior and subsequent convictions were for a violation of § 5–601, § 5–602, § 5–603, § 5–604, § 5–605, or § 5–606 of this title is subject to this section only if the person was also previously convicted of a crime of violence as defined in § 14–101 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-906" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <text>In addition to a penalty imposed under this title, a court may require an individual to complete the educational program on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed under § 18-339 of the Health - General Article if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the individual pleads guilty or nolo contendere to, or is found guilty of, violating this title; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the judge believes the individual will attend and benefit from the program.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-907" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <text>A penalty imposed for violation of this title is in addition to, and not instead of, any other civil or administrative penalty or sanction authorized by law.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-908" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Criminal and Civil Liability"> <level label="a"> <text>The Department may impose a civil penalty in an amount not exceeding $1,000 for each violation of this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department shall adopt regulations to set standards for the imposition of penalties under this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department shall remit a penalty imposed under this section to the General Fund of the State.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-1101" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Short Title"> <text>This title may be cited as the “Maryland Controlled Dangerous Substances Act”.</text> </section>