<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<subtitle article="gcr" title_number="5" subtitle_number="1" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions">
  <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-101" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions">
    <level label="a">
      <text>In this title the following words have the meanings indicated.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="b">
      <text>“Administer” means to introduce a substance into the system of a human or animal by injection, inhalation, ingestion, application to the skin, or any combination of those methods or by any other means.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="c">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Agent” means an employee or other authorized person who acts for or at the direction of a manufacturer, distributor, or authorized provider.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Agent” does not include:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>a common carrier, contract carrier, or public warehouseman; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>an employee of a common carrier, contract carrier, or public warehouseman.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="d">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Authorized provider” means:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>a person licensed, registered, or otherwise allowed to administer, distribute, dispense, or conduct research on a controlled dangerous substance in the State in the course of professional practice or research; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>a pharmacy, laboratory, hospital, or other institution licensed, registered, or otherwise allowed to administer, distribute, dispense, or conduct research on a controlled dangerous substance in the State in the course of professional practice or research.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Authorized provider” includes:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>a scientific investigator;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>an individual authorized by the State to practice medicine, dentistry, or veterinary medicine; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>an animal control facility licensed under § 2–305 of the Agriculture Article.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="e">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Cannabimimetic agents” means substances that are cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1 receptor) agonists as demonstrated by binding studies and functional assays within one of the following structural classes:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>2–(3–hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol with substitution at the 5–position of the phenolic ring by alkyl or alkenyl, whether or not substituted on the cyclohexyl ring to any extent;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>3–(1–naphthoyl)indole or 3–(1–naphthylmethane)indole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthoyl or naphthyl ring to any extent;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>3–(1–naphthoyl)pyrrole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring, whether or not further substituted in the pyrrole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthoyl ring to any extent;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iv">
          <text>1–(1–naphthylmethylene)indene by substitution of the 3–position of the indene ring, whether or not further substituted in the indene ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl ring to any extent; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="v">
          <text>3–phenylacetylindole or 3–benzoylindole by substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole ring, whether or not further substituted in the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the phenyl ring to any extent.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Cannabimimetic agents” includes:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>5–(1,1–dimethylheptyl)–2–[(1R,3S)–3–hydroxycyclohexyl]–phenol (CP–47,497);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>5–(1,1–dimethyloctyl)–2–[(1R,3S)–3–hydroxycyclohexyl]–phenol (cannabicyclohexanol or CP–47,497 C8–homolog);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>1–pentyl–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–018 and AM678);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iv">
          <text>1–butyl–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–073);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="v">
          <text>1–hexyl–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–019);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="vi">
          <text>1–[2–(4–morpholinyl)ethyl]–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–200);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="vii">
          <text>1–pentyl–3–(2–methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (JWH–250);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="viii">
          <text>1–pentyl–3–[1–(4–methoxynaphthoyl)]indole (JWH–081);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ix">
          <text>1–pentyl–3–(4–methyl–1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–122);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="x">
          <text>1–pentyl–3–(4–chloro–1–naphthoyl)indole (JWH–398);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="xi">
          <text>1–(5–fluoropentyl)–3–(1–naphthoyl)indole (AM2201);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="xii">
          <text>1–(5–fluoropentyl)–3–(2–iodobenzoyl)indole (AM694);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="xiii">
          <text>1–pentyl–3–[(4–methoxy)–benzoyl]indole (SR–19 and RCS–4);</text>
        </level>
        <level label="xiv">
          <text>1–cyclohexylethyl–3–(2–methoxyphenylacetyl)indole (SR–18 and RCS–8); and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="xv">
          <text>1–pentyl–3–(2–chlorophenylacetyl)indole (JWH–203).</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="e–1">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Cannabis” means the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of the plant, including all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol concentration greater than 0.3% on a dry weight basis.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Cannabis” does not include hemp as defined in § 14–101 of the Agriculture Article.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="e–2">
      <text>“Civil use amount” means:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>an amount of usable cannabis that exceeds 1.5 ounces but does not exceed 2.5 ounces;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>an amount of concentrated cannabis that exceeds 12 grams but does not exceed 20 grams; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="3">
        <text>an amount of cannabis products containing delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol that exceeds 750 milligrams but does not exceed 1,250 milligrams.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="f">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Coca leaf” includes a leaf containing cocaine, the optical and geometric isomers of cocaine, and any compound, manufactured substance, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of a coca leaf.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Coca leaf” does not include a derivative of a coca leaf that does not contain cocaine, ecgonine, or a substance from which cocaine or ecgonine may be synthesized or made.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="g">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Controlled dangerous substance” means:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>an immediate precursor to a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V that:</text>
          <level label="1">
            <text>by regulation the Department designates as being the principal compound commonly used or produced primarily for use to manufacture a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V;</text>
          </level>
          <level label="2">
            <text>is an immediate chemical intermediary used or likely to be used to manufacture a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V; and</text>
          </level>
          <level label="3">
            <text>must be controlled to prevent or limit the manufacture of a drug or substance listed in Schedule I through Schedule V.</text>
          </level>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Controlled dangerous substance” does not include distilled spirits, wine, malt beverages, or tobacco.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="h">
      <text>“Controlled paraphernalia” means:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>a hypodermic syringe, needle, or any other object or combination of objects adapted to administer a controlled dangerous substance by hypodermic injection;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>a gelatin capsule, glassine envelope, or other container suitable for packaging individual quantities of a controlled dangerous substance; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="3">
        <text>lactose, quinine, mannite, mannitol, dextrose, sucrose, procaine hydrochloride, or any other substance suitable as a diluent or adulterant.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="i">
      <text>“Deliver” means to make an actual, constructive, or attempted transfer or exchange from one person to another whether or not remuneration is paid or an agency relationship exists.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="j">
      <text>“Department” means the Maryland Department of Health.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="k">
      <text>“Depressant or stimulant drug” means a drug that contains any quantity of a substance that the Attorney General of the United States by regulation designates as having a potential for abuse because of:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>a depressant or stimulant effect on the central nervous system; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>a hallucinogenic effect.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="l">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Dispense” means to deliver to the ultimate user or the human research subject by or in accordance with the lawful order of an authorized provider.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Dispense” includes to prescribe, administer, package, label, or compound a substance for delivery.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="m">
      <text>“Distribute” means, with respect to a controlled dangerous substance, to deliver other than by dispensing.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="n">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Drug” means:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>a substance recognized in the official United States Pharmacopoeia, official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in humans or other animals;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>except for food, a substance intended to affect the structure or function of the body of humans or other animals; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iv">
          <text>a substance intended for use as a component of any substance specified in item (i), (ii), or (iii) of this paragraph.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Drug” does not include a device or an accessory, part, or component of a device.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="o">
      <text>“Drug dependent person” means a person who:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>is using a controlled dangerous substance; and</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>is in a state of psychological or physical dependence, or both, that:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>arises from administration of that controlled dangerous substance on a continuous basis; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>is characterized by behavioral and other responses that include a strong compulsion to take the substance on a continuous basis in order to experience its psychological effects or to avoid the discomfort of its absence.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="p">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Drug paraphernalia” means equipment, a product, or material that is used, intended for use, or designed for use, in:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, or concealing a controlled dangerous substance in violation of this title; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled dangerous substance in violation of this title.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Drug paraphernalia” includes:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>a kit used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting any species of plant that is a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis or from which a controlled dangerous substance can be derived;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>a kit used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or preparing a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>an isomerization device used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the potency of any species of plant that is a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iv">
          <text>testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="v">
          <text>a scale or balance used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or measuring a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="vi">
          <text>a diluent or adulterant, such as quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, mannite, dextrose, or lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="vii">
          <text>a separation gin or sifter used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="viii">
          <text>a blender, bowl, container, spoon, or mixing device used, intended for use, or designed for use in compounding a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ix">
          <text>a capsule, balloon, envelope, or other container used, intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="x">
          <text>a container or other object used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing or concealing a controlled dangerous substance other than cannabis;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="xi">
          <text>a hypodermic syringe, needle, or other object used, intended for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting a controlled dangerous substance into the human body; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="xii">
          <text>an object used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing cocaine into the human body.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="p–1">
      <text>“Electronic prescription” means a prescription that:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>is generated on an electronic application and transmitted as an electronic data file; and</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>if the prescription is for a controlled dangerous substance, complies with the requirements of 21 C.F.R. Part 1306.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="q">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Manufacture”, with respect to a controlled dangerous substance, means to produce, prepare, propagate, compound, convert, or process a controlled dangerous substance:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of natural origin;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>independently by chemical synthesis; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Manufacture” includes to package and repackage a controlled dangerous substance and label and relabel its containers.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="3">
        <text>“Manufacture” does not include:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>to prepare or compound a controlled dangerous substance by an individual for the individual’s own use; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>to prepare, compound, package, or label a controlled dangerous substance:</text>
          <level label="1">
            <text>by an authorized provider incidental to administering or dispensing a controlled dangerous substance in the course of professional practice; or</text>
          </level>
          <level label="2">
            <text>if the controlled dangerous substance is not for sale by an authorized provider, or by the authorized provider’s agent under the authorized provider’s supervision, for or incidental to research, teaching, or chemical analysis.</text>
          </level>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="r">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Narcotic drug” means a substance:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>that has been found to present an extreme danger to the health and welfare of the community because of addiction–forming and addiction–sustaining qualities;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>that is:</text>
          <level label="1">
            <text>an opiate;</text>
          </level>
          <level label="2">
            <text>a compound, manufactured substance, salt, derivative, or preparation of opium, coca leaf, or an opiate; or</text>
          </level>
          <level label="3">
            <text>a substance and any compound, manufactured substance, salt, derivative, or preparation that is chemically identical with a substance listed in items 1 and 2 of this item; and</text>
          </level>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>that is produced:</text>
          <level label="1">
            <text>directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin;</text>
          </level>
          <level label="2">
            <text>independently by chemical synthesis; or</text>
          </level>
          <level label="3">
            <text>by a combination of extraction and chemical synthesis.</text>
          </level>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Narcotic drug” includes decocainized coca leaf or an extract of coca leaf that does not contain cocaine or ecgonine.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="s">
      <text>“Noncontrolled substance” means a substance that is not classified as a controlled dangerous substance under Subtitle 4 of this title.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="t">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Opiate” means a substance that has an addiction–forming or addiction–sustaining quality similar to morphine or that can be converted into a drug that has this addiction–forming or addiction–sustaining quality.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Opiate” includes:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>the racemic and levorotatory forms of an opiate;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>except for seeds, the opium poppy, the plant of the species Papaver somniferum L.;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>the poppy straw consisting of the opium poppy after mowing except the seeds; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iv">
          <text>coca leaf.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="3">
        <text>“Opiate” does not include, unless specifically designated as controlled under § 5–202 of this title, the dextrorotatory isomer of 3–methoxy–n–methyl–morphinan and its salts (dextromethorphan).</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="u">
      <text>“Personal use amount” means:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>an amount of usable cannabis that does not exceed 1.5 ounces;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>an amount of concentrated cannabis that does not exceed 12 grams;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="3">
        <text>an amount of cannabis products containing delta–9–tetrahydrocannabinol that does not exceed 750 milligrams; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="4">
        <text>two or fewer cannabis plants.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="v">
      <text>“Possess” means to exercise actual or constructive dominion or control over a thing by one or more persons.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="w">
      <level label="1">
        <text>“Prescription drug” means a drug that:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>is intended to be used by an individual; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>because of its toxicity, other potentiality for harmful effect, method of use, or collateral measures necessary for its use:</text>
          <level label="1">
            <text>bears a cautionary label warning a person that under federal law the drug may not be dispensed without a prescription; or</text>
          </level>
          <level label="2">
            <text>is designated by the Department as not safe for use except under the supervision of a person licensed by the State to administer a prescription drug.</text>
          </level>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>“Prescription drug” does not include a controlled dangerous substance.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="x">
      <text>“Produce”, with respect to a controlled dangerous substance, includes to manufacture, plant, cultivate, grow, and harvest.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="y">
      <text>“Registrant” means a person who is registered by the Department to manufacture, distribute, or dispense a controlled dangerous substance in the State.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="z">
      <text>“Schedule I” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–402 of this title.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="aa">
      <text>“Schedule II” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–403 of this title.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="bb">
      <text>“Schedule III” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–404 of this title.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="cc">
      <text>“Schedule IV” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–405 of this title.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="dd">
      <text>“Schedule V” means the controlled dangerous substances described in § 5–406 of this title.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="ee">
      <text>“Secretary” means the Secretary of the Department.</text>
    </level>
    <level label="ff">
      <text>“Ultimate user” means a person who lawfully possesses a controlled dangerous substance for the person’s own use, for the use of a member of the person’s household, or for administration to an animal owned by the person or by a member of the person’s household.</text>
    </level>
  </section>
  <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-102" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions">
    <level label="a">
      <text>The General Assembly finds that:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>many of the substances listed in this title have a useful and legitimate medical purpose and are necessary to maintain the health and general welfare of the people of the State; but</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>the illegal manufacture, distribution, possession, and administration of controlled dangerous substances have a substantial and detrimental effect on the health and general welfare of the people of the State.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="b">
      <level label="1">
        <text>The purpose of this title is to establish a uniform law to control the manufacture, distribution, possession, and administration of controlled dangerous substances and related paraphernalia to:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>ensure their availability for legitimate medical and scientific purposes; but</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>prevent their abuse, which results in a serious health problem to the individual and represents a serious danger to the welfare of the people of the State.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>This title shall be liberally construed to accomplish this purpose.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
  </section>
  <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="5-103" title_number="5" title_name="Controlled Dangerous Substances, Prescriptions, and Other Substances" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions">
    <level label="a">
      <level label="1">
        <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, this title does not apply to the sale of a prescription drug:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>made to an authorized provider; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>made by a manufacturer, wholesale distributor, or pharmacist licensed by the State to:</text>
          <level label="1">
            <text>another manufacturer, wholesale distributor, or pharmacist licensed by the State; or</text>
          </level>
          <level label="2">
            <text>a hospital or institution that operates a dispensary in which an authorized provider licensed to administer prescription drugs is in charge.</text>
          </level>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>A sale is exempt from this title only if a record of the sale:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>is maintained and available for inspection; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>shows the date of sale, the name and address of the purchaser, and the quantity purchased.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="b">
      <text>This title does not apply to:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>the distribution of a prescription drug, device, or supply for the treatment, care, or cure of farm animals, poultry, fowl, or other animals used in furtherance of farming activities;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>the sale or offering for sale, or the distribution of seeds, feed for livestock and poultry, fertilizers, lime, land plaster, fungicides, and insecticides; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="3">
        <text>a drug that on June 1, 1961, could be sold without a prescription.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
  </section>
</subtitle>