<section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-101" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>In this part the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>“Deception” means knowingly to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>create or confirm in another a false impression that the offender does not believe to be true;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>fail to correct a false impression that the offender previously has created or confirmed;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>prevent another from acquiring information pertinent to the disposition of the property involved;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>sell or otherwise transfer or encumber property without disclosing a lien, adverse claim, or other legal impediment to the enjoyment of the property, regardless of whether the impediment is of value or a matter of official record;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>insert or deposit a slug in a vending machine;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>remove or alter a label or price tag;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>promise performance that the offender does not intend to perform or knows will not be performed; or</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>misrepresent the value of a motor vehicle offered for sale by tampering or interfering with its odometer, or by disconnecting, resetting, or altering its odometer with the intent to change the mileage indicated.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Deception” does not include puffing or false statements of immaterial facts and exaggerated representations that are unlikely to deceive an ordinary individual.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Deprive” means to withhold property of another:</text> <level label="1"> <text>permanently;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a period that results in the appropriation of a part of the property’s value;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>with the purpose to restore it only on payment of a reward or other compensation; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>to dispose of the property or use or deal with the property in a manner that makes it unlikely that the owner will recover it.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>“Exert control” includes to take, carry away, appropriate to a person’s own use or sell, convey, or transfer title to an interest in or possession of property.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Exert control” does not include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>to trespass on the land of another; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>to occupy the land of another without authorization.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>“Interactive computer service” means an information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access by multiple users to a computer server.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Interactive computer service” includes a service or system that provides access to the Internet.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>“Motor vehicle” has the meaning stated in § 11-135 of the Transportation Article.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>“Obtain” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>in relation to property, to bring about a transfer of interest in or possession of the property; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>in relation to a service, to secure the performance of the service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>Except as otherwise expressly provided in this part, “owner” means a person, other than the offender:</text> <level label="1"> <text>who has an interest in or possession of property regardless of whether the person’s interest or possession is unlawful; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>without whose consent the offender has no authority to exert control over the property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>“Property” means anything of value.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Property” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>real estate;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>money;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a commercial instrument;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>an admission or transportation ticket;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a written instrument representing or embodying rights concerning anything of value, or services, or anything otherwise of value to the owner;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>a thing growing on or affixed to, or found on land, or part of or affixed to any building;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>electricity, gas, and water;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>a bird, animal, or fish that ordinarily is kept in a state of confinement;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>food or drink;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>a sample, culture, microorganism, or specimen;</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>a record, recording, document, blueprint, drawing, map, or a whole or partial copy, description, photograph, prototype, or model of any of them;</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>an article, material, device, substance, or a whole or partial copy, description, photograph, prototype, or model of any of them that represents evidence of, reflects, or records a secret:</text> <level label="1"> <text>scientific, technical, merchandising, production, or management information; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>designed process, procedure, formula, invention, trade secret, or improvement;</text> </level> </level> <level label="xiii"> <text>a financial instrument; and</text> </level> <level label="xiv"> <text>information, electronically produced data, and a computer software or program in a form readable by machine or individual.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <text>“Property of another” means property in which a person other than the offender has an interest that the offender does not have the authority to defeat or impair, even though the offender also may have an interest in the property.</text> </level> <level label="k"> <text>“Service” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>labor or professional service;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>telecommunication, public utility, toll facility, or transportation service;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>lodging, entertainment, or restaurant service; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>the use of computers, data processing, or other equipment.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <text>“Slug” means an object that, because of its size, shape, or other quality, can be deposited or inserted in a vending machine as an improper substitute for the payment required to operate the vending machine.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <level label="1"> <text>“Theft” means the conduct described in §§ 7-104 through 7-107 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Theft” includes motor vehicle theft, unless otherwise indicated.</text> </level> </level> <level label="n"> <text>“Vending machine” means a device designed to receive a specified payment and in exchange automatically offer, provide, assist in providing, or allow a person to acquire property or service.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-102" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>Conduct described as theft in this part constitutes a single crime and includes the separate crimes formerly known as:</text> <level label="1"> <text>larceny;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>larceny by trick;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>larceny after trust;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>embezzlement;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>false pretenses;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>shoplifting; and</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>receiving stolen property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person acts “knowingly”:</text> <level label="i"> <text>with respect to conduct or a circumstance as described by a statute that defines a crime, when the person is aware of the conduct or that the circumstance exists;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>with respect to the result of conduct as described by a statute that defines a crime, when the person is practically certain that the result will be caused by the person’s conduct; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>with respect to a person’s knowledge of the existence of a particular fact, if that knowledge is an element of a crime, when the person is practically certain of the existence of that fact.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The terms “knowing” and “with knowledge” are construed in the same manner.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-103" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “value” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the market value of the property or service at the time and place of the crime; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the market value cannot satisfactorily be ascertained, the cost of the replacement of the property or service within a reasonable time after the crime.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in § 7–104.1 of this subtitle, the value of property or service under this part shall be determined in accordance with this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, this subsection applies to a written instrument whether or not the instrument has been issued or delivered.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection does not apply to a written instrument that has a readily ascertainable market value.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>For purposes of this part, a written instrument is valued as provided by this paragraph.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The value of an instrument constituting evidence of debt, including a check, draft, or promissory note, is the amount due or collectible on the instrument. That value is ordinarily the face amount of the instrument, less any portion that has been satisfied.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The value of any other instrument that creates, releases, discharges, or otherwise affects a valuable legal right, privilege, or obligation is the amount of economic loss the owner of the instrument might reasonably suffer because of the loss of the instrument.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The value of a trade secret lacking a readily ascertainable market value is a reasonable value that represents the damage the owner suffered by the loss of an advantage over those who do not know or use the trade secret.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>For the purposes of determining whether a theft violation subject to either § 7–104(g)(1) or (2) of this subtitle has been committed, when it cannot be determined whether the value of the property or service is more or less than $1,500 under the standards of this section, the value is deemed to be less than $1,500.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For the purposes of determining whether a theft violation subject to either § 7–104(g)(2) or (3) of this subtitle has been committed, when it cannot be determined whether the value of the property or service is more or less than $100 under the standards of this section, the value is deemed to be less than $100.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>When theft is committed in violation of this part under one scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether from the same or several sources:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the conduct may be considered as one crime; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the value of the property or services may be aggregated in determining whether the theft is a felony or a misdemeanor.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Multiple thefts committed by the same person in multiple counties under one scheme or continuing course of conduct may be joined and prosecuted in any county in which any one of the thefts occurred.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>The value of a chip designated for use in a table game authorized under Title 9, Subtitle 1A of the State Government Article is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the face value depicted on the chip; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if no face value is depicted on the chip, the value designated by the Maryland Lottery and Gaming Control Commission based on the color of the chip.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>In this subsection the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Closed–loop gift card” has the meaning stated in § 14–4901 of the Commercial Law Article.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>“Gift card” means an open–loop gift card or a closed–loop gift card.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Gift card” does not include:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>a credit card;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>an electronic funds transfer; or</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>money, a check, a draft, or any other similar paper instrument.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>“Open–loop gift card” has the meaning stated in § 14–4901 of the Commercial Law Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The value of a gift card is the greatest of:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>the highest value listed on the gift card or its packaging; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>$100, if no value is listed on the gift card or its packaging; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the amount of loss incurred by any person involving the use of the gift card.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-104" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not willfully or knowingly obtain or exert unauthorized control over property, if the person:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intends to deprive the owner of the property;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>willfully or knowingly uses, conceals, or abandons the property in a manner that deprives the owner of the property; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>uses, conceals, or abandons the property knowing the use, concealment, or abandonment probably will deprive the owner of the property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not obtain control over property by willfully or knowingly using deception, if the person:</text> <level label="1"> <text>intends to deprive the owner of the property;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>willfully or knowingly uses, conceals, or abandons the property in a manner that deprives the owner of the property; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>uses, conceals, or abandons the property knowing the use, concealment, or abandonment probably will deprive the owner of the property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not possess stolen personal property knowing that it has been stolen, or believing that it probably has been stolen, if the person:</text> <level label="i"> <text>intends to deprive the owner of the property;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>willfully or knowingly uses, conceals, or abandons the property in a manner that deprives the owner of the property; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>uses, conceals, or abandons the property knowing that the use, concealment, or abandonment probably will deprive the owner of the property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In the case of a person in the business of buying or selling goods, the knowledge required under this subsection may be inferred if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person possesses or exerts control over property stolen from more than one person on separate occasions;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>during the year preceding the criminal possession charged, the person has acquired stolen property in a separate transaction; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>being in the business of buying or selling property of the sort possessed, the person acquired it for a consideration that the person knew was far below a reasonable value.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In a prosecution for theft by possession of stolen property under this subsection, it is not a defense that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the person who stole the property has not been convicted, apprehended, or identified;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the defendant stole or participated in the stealing of the property;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>the property was provided by law enforcement as part of an investigation, if the property was described to the defendant as being obtained through the commission of theft; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>the stealing of the property did not occur in the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Unless the person who criminally possesses stolen property participated in the stealing, the person who criminally possesses stolen property and a person who has stolen the property are not accomplices in theft for the purpose of any rule of evidence requiring corroboration of the testimony of an accomplice.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not obtain control over property knowing that the property was lost, mislaid, or was delivered under a mistake as to the identity of the recipient or nature or amount of the property, if the person:</text> <level label="1"> <text>knows or learns the identity of the owner or knows, is aware of, or learns of a reasonable method of identifying the owner;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>fails to take reasonable measures to restore the property to the owner; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>intends to deprive the owner permanently of the use or benefit of the property when the person obtains the property or at a later time.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not obtain the services of another that are available only for compensation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>by deception; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>with knowledge that the services are provided without the consent of the person providing them.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Under this section, an offender’s intention or knowledge that a promise would not be performed may not be established by or inferred solely from the fact that the promise was not performed.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>A person convicted of theft of property or services with a value of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>at least $1,500 but less than $25,000 is guilty of a felony and:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>at least $25,000 but less than $100,000 is guilty of a felony and:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>$100,000 or more is guilty of a felony and:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, a person convicted of theft of property or services with a value of at least $100 but less than $1,500, is guilty of a misdemeanor and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>for a first conviction, imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for a second or subsequent conviction, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $500 or both; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person convicted of theft of property or services with a value of less than $100 is guilty of a misdemeanor and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $500 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Subject to paragraph (5) of this subsection, a person who has four or more prior convictions under this subtitle and who is convicted of theft of property or services with a value of less than $1,500 under paragraph (2) of this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The court may not impose the penalties under paragraph (4) of this subsection unless the State’s Attorney serves notice on the defendant or the defendant’s counsel before the acceptance of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or at least 15 days before trial that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the State will seek the penalties under paragraph (4) of this subsection; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>lists the alleged prior convictions.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>If a person is convicted of a violation under this section for failure to pay for motor fuel after the motor fuel was dispensed into a vehicle, the court shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>notify the person that the person’s driver’s license may be suspended under § 16–206.1 of the Transportation Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>notify the Motor Vehicle Administration of the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Chief Judge of the District Court and the Administrative Office of the Courts, in conjunction with the Motor Vehicle Administration, shall establish uniform procedures for reporting a violation under this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>An action or prosecution for a violation of subsection (g)(2) or (3) of this section shall be commenced within 2 years after the commission of the crime.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>A person who violates this section by use of an interactive computer service may be prosecuted, indicted, tried, and convicted in any county in which the victim resides or the electronic communication originated or terminated.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-104.1" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Organized retail theft” means the commission, either alone or in concert with one or more other persons, of a series of thefts of retail merchandise from one or more retail merchants over a 90–day period with the intent to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>permanently deprive the merchant of the merchandise;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>return the merchandise to the merchant for monetary or other gain; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>resell, trade, or barter the merchandise for monetary or other gain.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Value” has the meaning stated in § 7–103 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Value” includes the market value of any property damaged in furtherance of the crime and any costs to repair, replace, or restock any damaged or stolen property.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not commit organized retail theft of property with an aggregate value exceeding $1,500.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates subsection (b) of this section with a value of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>at least $1,500 but less than $25,000 is guilty of a felony and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>at least $25,000 but less than $100,000 is guilty of a felony and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $15,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>$100,000 or more is guilty of a felony and:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>shall restore the property taken to the owner or pay the owner the value of the property or services.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not preclude prosecution for theft under § 7–104 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person is convicted under § 7–104 of this subtitle and this section for the same acts or transactions, the conviction under this section shall merge for sentencing purposes into the conviction under § 7–104 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>If a defendant is convicted of or receives a probation before judgment disposition for theft under § 7–104 of this subtitle, burglary under § 6–203 or § 6–205 of this article, robbery under § 3–402 or § 3–403 of this article, or use of a firearm in the commission of a crime of violence or a felony under § 4–204 of this article, on request of the State’s Attorney the court shall make a finding of fact based on evidence produced at trial as to whether the crime is organized retail theft.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The State has the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that the crime is organized retail theft.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the court finds that the crime is organized retail theft under paragraph (1) of this subsection, that finding shall become part of the court record for purposes of reporting to the Criminal Justice Information System Central Repository under § 10–215 of the Criminal Procedure Article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-105" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “owner” means a person who has a lawful interest in or is in lawful possession of a motor vehicle by consent or chain of consent of the title owner.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly and willfully take a motor vehicle out of the owner’s lawful custody, control, or use without the owner’s consent.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is guilty of the felony of taking a motor vehicle and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall restore the motor vehicle or, if unable to restore the motor vehicle, pay to the owner the full value of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not preclude prosecution for theft of a motor vehicle under § 7-104 of this part.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person is convicted under § 7-104 of this part and this section for the same act or transaction, the conviction under this section shall merge for sentencing purposes into the conviction under § 7-104 of this part.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-105.1" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (c) of this section, in a criminal case or juvenile proceeding involving theft of a motor vehicle under § 7-104 or § 7-105 of this subtitle, an affidavit sworn to in open court by the lawful owner of the motor vehicle may be introduced thereafter as substantive evidence that the motor vehicle was taken from the lawful owner and operated, used, or possessed without the lawful owner’s authorization.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The affidavit shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>be given under oath subject to the penalty of perjury; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>be attached to a copy of the certificate of title of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>At least 10 days before a proceeding in which the State intends to introduce into evidence an affidavit as provided under this section, the State shall provide written notice to the defendant that the State intends to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>rely on the affidavit; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>introduce the affidavit into evidence at the proceeding.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On written demand of a defendant filed at least 5 days before the proceeding described in subsection (a) of this section, the State shall require the presence of the affiant as a prosecution witness.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-106" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “newspaper” means a periodical that is distributed on a complimentary or compensatory basis.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not knowingly or willfully obtain or exert control that is unauthorized over newspapers with the intent to prevent another from reading the newspapers.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 60 days or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-107" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who obtains property or a service by a bad check under the circumstances described in Title 8, Subtitle 1 of this article may not be prosecuted for theft under this part unless that person:</text> <level label="1"> <text>makes a false representation that there are sufficient funds in the drawee bank to cover the check; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>commits deception as provided under § 7-104(b) or (e) of this part.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a person is prosecuted for theft under this section, the presumptions of § 8-104 of this article apply to the same extent as if the person were prosecuted under § 7-104 of this part.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-108" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>An indictment, information, warrant, or other charging document for theft under this part, other than for taking a motor vehicle under § 7–105 of this part, is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) stole (property or services stolen) of (name of victim), having a value of (less than $1,500, at least $1,500 but less than $25,000, at least $25,000 but less than $100,000, or $100,000 or more) in violation of § 7–104 of the Criminal Law Article, against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”. </text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An indictment, information, warrant, or other charging document for theft under this part for taking a motor vehicle under § 7–105 of this part is sufficient if it substantially states:</text> <text>“(name of defendant) on (date) in (county) knowingly and willfully took a motor vehicle out of (name of victim)’s lawful custody, control, or use, without the consent of (name of victim), in violation of § 7–105 of the Criminal Law Article, against the peace, government, and dignity of the State.”.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In a case in the circuit court in which the general form of indictment or information is used to charge a defendant with a crime under this part, the defendant, on timely demand, is entitled to a bill of particulars.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Unless specifically charged by the State, theft of property or services with a value of less than $100 as provided under § 7–104(g)(3) of this subtitle may not be considered a lesser included crime of any other crime.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-109" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a charge of theft may be proved by evidence that the theft was committed in a manner that is theft under this part, even if a different manner is specified in the information, indictment, warrant, or other charging document.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A court may grant a continuance or other appropriate relief:</text> <level label="1"> <text>to ensure a fair trial; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>if the conduct of the defense would be prejudiced by lack of fair notice or by surprise.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-110" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>It is not a defense to the crime of theft that the defendant has an interest in the property that was the subject of the theft if another also has an interest in or right to possess the property that the defendant is not entitled to infringe.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In determining the right of possession:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a joint or common owner of the property does not have a right of possession of the property that is superior to the right of any other joint or common owner of the property; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>in the absence of a contrary agreement, a person in lawful possession of the property has a right of possession superior to the right of possession of a person who has only a security interest in the property, even if legal title to the property lies with the holder of the security interest under a conditional sale contract or other security agreement.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>It is not a defense to the crime of theft that the property was taken, obtained, or withheld from a person who had obtained the property by illegal means.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>It is not a defense to the crime of theft of property or services with a value of less than $100 as provided under § 7-104(g)(3) of this subtitle that the value of the property or services at issue is $100 or more.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>It is a defense to the crime of theft that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the defendant acted under a good faith claim of right to the property involved;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the defendant acted in the honest belief that the defendant had the right to obtain or exert control over the property as the defendant did;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>the property involved was that of the defendant’s spouse, unless the defendant and the defendant’s spouse were not living together as husband and wife and were living in separate residences at the time of the alleged theft; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>in a case of theft of a trade secret, the defendant rightfully knew the trade secret, or the trade secret was available to the defendant from a source other than the owner.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Any common law and evidentiary presumption applicable on July 1, 1979 to the crimes consolidated under this part also apply to the crime of theft, unless the presumption:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is repealed or modified under this part; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is modified by a court decision rendered after July 1, 1979.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-113" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>A fiduciary may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>fraudulently and willfully appropriate money or a thing of value that the fiduciary holds in a fiduciary capacity contrary to the requirements of the fiduciary’s trust responsibility; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>secrete money or a thing of value that the fiduciary holds in a fiduciary capacity with a fraudulent intent to use the money or thing of value contrary to the requirements of the fiduciary’s trust responsibility.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of embezzlement and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for not less than 1 year and not exceeding 5 years.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to § 5-106(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-114" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section, “revenue officer” means an officer with the duty to collect revenue due to the State, a county, or other governmental entity.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Revenue officer” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a clerk;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a notary public;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a register of wills;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a sheriff; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a tax collector.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A revenue officer may not willfully detain and neglect to pay money due to the State, a county, or other governmental entity into the Treasury of the State or a county or to another revenue officer authorized to receive the money longer than:</text> <level label="1"> <text>60 days after the date specified by law for the revenue officer to make payment; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>6 months after the date that the money is collected, if the law does not specify a date for the revenue officer to make payment.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A revenue officer who violates this section is guilty of the misdemeanor of defalcation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On conviction, and unless the revenue officer pays the amount in default sooner, a revenue officer who violates this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for each violation, is subject to imprisonment for not less than 1 year and not exceeding 5 years; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>is subject to any other penalty provided by law.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A revenue officer who violates this section is subject to § 5-106(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>In a prosecution under this section, a certificate of the Comptroller of the State or of a revenue officer of a county showing that the defendant is a defaulter is admissible as prima facie evidence of defalcation under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-115" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>While a contract of pledge or hypothecation is in effect, a person may not, without the consent of the pledgor, repledge or rehypothecate a security, the title to which passes by delivery or endorsement received or held by the person as guaranty for money lent or advanced to the owner or holder of the security.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not less than $500 and not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to § 5-106(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-116" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Theft"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies to a person who is entrusted with money as an advance against grain or other merchandise:</text> <level label="1"> <text>that is purchased and stored in an elevator; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>for which a certificate or receipt has been delivered to an official of the elevator storage facility or to the party with whom the grain or other merchandise is stored for shipment and transport to the purchaser.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not, for the person’s own benefit and in bad faith, fail to deliver to the party who entrusted the person with money under the circumstances described in subsection (a) of this section as soon as the shipment of grain or other merchandise is completed and the bill of lading is delivered to the purchaser:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the draft or bill of exchange and other document required for shipment of the cargo of grain or other merchandise; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>any policy of insurance on the grain or other merchandise.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment for not less than 1 year and not exceeding 10 years or a fine not less than $500 and not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to § 5-106(b) of the Courts Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-201" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Unlawful Use of Goods"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies only to a wheeled cart or other similar device that is clearly marked with the name and address of its owner and if notice of this section is clearly and prominently displayed at each public exit from the grocery store, store, or market that owns the wheeled cart or other similar device.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>without the permission of the owner or agent of the owner, remove a wheeled cart or other similar device provided for the purpose of assembling or carrying purchased materials from a grocery store, store, or market, including its parking facilities;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>damage any wheeled cart or other device owned by the grocery store, store, or market from which the cart was obtained; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>abandon a wheeled cart or other device on the streets or alleys of the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may abandon a wheeled cart or other device on the parking facilities of the grocery store, store, or market from which the cart was obtained.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $25 for each violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-202" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Unlawful Use of Goods"> <level label="a"> <text>A bailee for hire, or a servant, agent, or employee of the bailee, may not willfully appropriate and use, or allow the appropriation and use of, any property that is the subject matter of the bailment without the consent of the owner of that property.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $100 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-203" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Unlawful Use of Goods"> <level label="a"> <text>Without the permission of the owner, a person may not take and carry away from the premises or out of the custody of another or use of the other, or the other’s agent, or a governmental unit any property, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a vessel; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>livestock.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction:</text> <level label="1"> <text>is subject to imprisonment for not less than 6 months and not exceeding 4 years or a fine not less than $50 and not exceeding $100 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>shall restore the property taken and carried away in violation of this section or, if unable to restore the property, shall pay to the owner the full value of the property.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>It is not a defense to this section that the person intends to hold or keep the property for the person’s present use and not with the intent of appropriating or converting the property.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-204" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Unlawful Use of Goods"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not use, distribute, manufacture, duplicate, or possess keys capable of being used in locks in or on real property that the State owns or leases unless the use, distribution, manufacture, duplication, or possession is in accordance with the regulations adopted under subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500 for each violation.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The Department of General Services shall adopt regulations to govern the use, distribution, manufacture, duplication, and possession of keys capable of being used in locks in or on real property that the State owns or leases.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Each key subject to the regulations adopted under this subsection shall be clearly identified by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the words “do not duplicate” or “unlawful to duplicate”; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a symbol indicating State ownership.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-205" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Unlawful Use of Goods"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who leases or rents a motor vehicle under an agreement to return the motor vehicle at the end of the leasing or rental period may not abandon the motor vehicle or refuse or willfully neglect to return it.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not be prosecuted under this section if, within 5 days after a written demand for the return of the motor vehicle is mailed by regular mail and certified United States mail, return receipt requested, to the person who leased or rented the motor vehicle at the last address known to the person who delivered the motor vehicle, the person returns or accounts for the motor vehicle to the person who delivered the motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A prosecution may not be started until 5 days after a written demand described in paragraph (1) of this subsection is mailed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-301" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Code grabbing device” means a device that is capable of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>receiving and recording the coded signal transmitted by an electronic security system; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>playing back the coded signal to disarm the electronic security system.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Electronic security system” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>an electronic home security system;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a motor vehicle security alarm system;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>an automatic garage door opener;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a home detention monitoring device; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>an electronic or magnetic theft detection device used in a retail establishment.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not manufacture, sell, use, or possess a code grabbing device with the intent that the code grabbing device be used in the commission of a crime.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not knowingly possess a device intended to shield merchandise from detection by an electronic security system with the intent to commit theft.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not knowingly possess a tool or device designed to allow the deactivation or removal from any merchandise an electronic security system or a device used as part of an electronic security system with the intent to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>use the tool or device to deactivate any electronic security system; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>remove any electronic security system or device used as part of an electronic security system from any merchandise without the permission of the merchant or person owning or lawfully holding the merchandise.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-302" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Access” means to instruct, communicate with, store data in, retrieve or intercept data from, or otherwise use the resources of a computer program, computer system, or computer network.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Aggregate amount” means a direct loss of property or services incurred by a victim.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Aggregate amount” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the value of any money, property, or service lost, stolen, or rendered unrecoverable by the crime; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>any actual reasonable expenditure incurred by the victim to verify whether a computer program, computer, computer system, or computer network was altered, acquired, damaged, deleted, disrupted, or destroyed by access in violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Computer” means an electronic, magnetic, optical, organic, or other data processing device or system that performs logical, arithmetic, memory, or storage functions.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Computer” includes property, a data storage facility, or a communications facility that is directly related to or operated with a computer.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>“Computer” does not include an automated typewriter, a typesetter, or a portable calculator.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Computer control language” means ordered statements that direct a computer to perform specific functions.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Computer database” means a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts, or instructions that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is intended for use in a computer, computer system, or computer network; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>is being prepared or has been prepared in a formalized manner; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>is being produced or has been produced by a computer, computer system, or computer network.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>“Computer network” means the interconnection of one or more computers through:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the use of a satellite, microwave, line, or other communication medium; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>terminals or a complex consisting of two or more interconnected computers regardless of whether the interconnection is continuously maintained.</text> </level> </level> <level label="8"> <text>“Computer program” means an ordered set of instructions or statements that may interact with related data and, when executed in a computer system, causes a computer to perform specified functions.</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>“Computer services” includes computer time, data processing, and storage functions.</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>“Computer software” means a computer program, instruction, procedure, or associated document regarding the operation of a computer system.</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>“Computer system” means one or more connected or unconnected computers, peripheral devices, computer software, data, or computer programs.</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>“Critical infrastructure” means systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, that are so vital to the State, a county, or a municipality that the incapacity or destruction of one or more components would have a debilitating impact on:</text> <level label="i"> <text>public security;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>economic security;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>public health;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>public safety;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>public transportation; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>public utilities.</text> </level> </level> <level label="13"> <text>“Ransomware” means a computer or data contaminant, encryption, or lock that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>is placed or introduced without authorization into a computer, a computer network, or a computer system; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>restricts access by an authorized person to a computer, computer data, a computer network, or a computer system in a manner that results in the person responsible for the placement or introduction of the contaminant, encryption, or lock demanding payment of money or other consideration to remove the contaminant, encryption, or lock.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not preclude the applicability of any other provision of this Code.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not intentionally, willfully, and without authorization:</text> <level label="i"> <text>access, attempt to access, cause to be accessed, or exceed the person’s authorized access to all or part of a computer network, computer control language, computer, computer software, computer system, computer service, or computer database; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>copy, attempt to copy, possess, or attempt to possess the contents of all or part of a computer database accessed in violation of item (i) of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not commit an act prohibited by paragraph (1) of this subsection with the intent to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cause the malfunction or interrupt the operation of all or any part of a computer, computer network, computer control language, computer software, computer system, computer service, or computer data; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>alter, damage, or destroy all or any part of data or a computer program stored, maintained, or produced by a computer, computer network, computer software, computer system, computer service, or computer database.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person may not intentionally, willfully, and without authorization:</text> <level label="i"> <text>possess, identify, or attempt to identify a valid access code; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>publicize or distribute a valid access code to an unauthorized person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person may not commit an act prohibited under this subsection with the intent to interrupt or impair the functioning of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the State government;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>a service, device, or system related to the production, transmission, delivery, or storage of electricity or natural gas in the State that is owned, operated, or controlled by a person other than a public service company, as defined in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a service provided in the State by a public service company, as defined in § 1–101 of the Public Utilities Article;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>a health care facility, as defined in § 18–338.1 of the Health – General Article; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>a public school, as defined in § 1–101 of the Education Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>This paragraph does not apply to a person who has a bona fide scientific, educational, governmental, testing, news, or other similar justification for possessing ransomware.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person may not knowingly possess ransomware with the intent to use the ransomware for the purpose of introduction into the computer, computer network, or computer system of another person without the authorization of the other person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A person may not intentionally, willfully, and without authorization commit an act prohibited under this subsection with the intent to interrupt or impair the functioning of critical infrastructure or a public safety answering point, as defined in § 1–301 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>A person may not intentionally, willfully, and without authorization commit an act prohibited under this subsection that denies access to an authorized user of or interrupts or impairs the functioning of critical infrastructure or a public safety answering point, as defined in § 1–301 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who violates subsection (c)(1) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates subsection (c)(2) or (3) of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>if the aggregate amount of the loss is $10,000 or more, is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the aggregate amount of the loss is less than $10,000, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates subsection (c)(4) of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>if the aggregate amount of the loss is $10,000 or more, is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $100,000 or both; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>if the aggregate amount of the loss is less than $10,000, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person who violates subsection (c)(5) of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who violates subsection (c)(6) of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $25,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A person who violates subsection (c)(7) of this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $50,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Access achieved in violation of this section under a single scheme or a continuing course of conduct may be considered as one violation.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A court of competent jurisdiction may try a person prosecuted under this section in any county in this State where:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the defendant performed the act; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the accessed computer is located.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who has suffered a specific and direct injury because of a violation of this section may bring a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In an action under this subsection, the court may award actual damages and reasonable attorney’s fees and court costs.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A conviction for an offense under this section is not a prerequisite for maintenance of an action under this subsection.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-303" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Cable television company” means a franchised or private cable television company.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Cable television service” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cable and satellite cable programming;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>service provided by or through the facility of a cable television system or a closed circuit coaxial cable communication system; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>a microwave, satellite, or similar transmission service used with a cable television system or a closed circuit coaxial cable communication system.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Destroying, damaging, cutting, tampering with, installing, tapping, removing, displacing, or connecting with a wire, conduit, apparatus, or other equipment of a cable television company is prima facie evidence of an intent to receive cable television services without payment.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Actual possession of a device designed to facilitate an act prohibited by this section, or possession and control of a quantity of those devices indicating possession for resale, is prima facie evidence of an intent to violate this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>destroy, damage, cut, tamper with, install, tap, remove, displace, or connect with a wire, conduit, apparatus, or other equipment of a cable television company with the intent to receive cable television services without payment;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>prevent, obstruct, or delay the sending, conveyance, distribution, or receiving of programming material transmitted by a cable television company;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>with the intent to deprive a person of lawful compensation, receive, attempt to receive, or assist another to receive:</text> <level label="i"> <text>cable television service by trick, use of a decoder, or other fraudulent means; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>satellite cable programming that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>offered for sale in the person’s area through an unauthorized marketing system; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>received by decoding encrypted satellite cable programming;</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>without authority from the cable television company, connect with a cable, wire, component, or other device used to distribute cable television service;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>alter:</text> <level label="i"> <text>a device installed with the authorization of a cable television company to intercept or receive a program or service carried by the company; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>equipment capable of decoding encrypted satellite cable programming to intercept or receive satellite cable programming; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>sell, rent, or offer for sale or rent a device or a plan for a device knowing that the recipient intends to use the device or to plan to do an act prohibited by this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>for a first violation, imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for each subsequent violation, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who commits an act prohibited by this section for payment or offer of payment is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A cable television company may bring an action to enjoin a violation of this section.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>In addition to the penalties under subsection (d) of this section, a person who violates subsection (c)(3) or (6) of this section is liable to the aggrieved cable television company for all appropriate civil damages awarded by a court.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A device used to violate this section is subject to seizure by and forfeiture to the State.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-304" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Customer” means a person who subscribes to, or is financially responsible for a subscription to, telephone service from a telephone company.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Telephone” means a device used by a person for voice communications transmitted in analog, data, or any other form.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Telephone company” means a person that provides commercial telephone service to a customer, regardless of the communication technology used, including:</text> <level label="i"> <text>traditional wireline or cable telephone service;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>cellular, broadband PCS, or other commercial mobile radiotelephone service;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>microwave, satellite, or other terrestrial telephone service; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>voice over Internet telephone service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>“Telephone record” means information retained by a telephone company that relates to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the telephone number dialed by a customer or other person using the customer’s telephone;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the incoming number of a call directed to a customer or other person using the customer’s telephone; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>other data related to calls typically contained on a customer’s telephone bill, such as the time the call started and ended, the duration of the call, and any charges applied.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Telephone record” does not include information collected or retained by customers using caller I.D. or similar technology.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a person acting under a valid court order, warrant, or subpoena; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a law enforcement officer acting in the performance of official duty.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>knowingly obtain, attempt to obtain, or solicit or conspire with another to obtain, a telephone record:</text> <level label="i"> <text>without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>by fraudulent, deceptive, or false means;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>knowingly sell or attempt to sell a telephone record without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>receive a telephone record:</text> <level label="i"> <text>knowing that the record has been obtained without the authorization of the customer to whom the record pertains; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>by fraudulent, deceptive, or false means.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A violation of this section is an unfair or deceptive trade practice under Title 13 of the Commercial Law Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Notwithstanding any other law, the prosecution for a violation of this section may be commenced in any county in which:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an element of the crime occurred; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>the victim resides.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section may not be construed to prohibit a telephone company from obtaining, using, disclosing, or allowing access to a customer’s telephone record:</text> <level label="1"> <text>as otherwise authorized by law;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>with the consent of the customer;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>in connection with service provided to the customer;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>for purposes of billing or collection from the customer;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>as necessary to prevent fraud or abusive practices;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>to a governmental entity, if the telephone company reasonably believes that an emergency involving immediate danger of death or serious physical injury to any person justifies disclosure of the telephone record; or</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>to the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, in connection with a report submitted under § 227 of the federal Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-306" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <text>This part does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a radio or television broadcaster or cable radio or television operator who transfers sounds or images:</text> <level label="i"> <text>as part of or with a radio or television transmission; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>for archival preservation; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a person who transfers sounds or images in the person’s home for the person’s personal use without consideration being derived by the person, or any other, from the transfer.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-307" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <text>This part does not affect the rights of parties in private litigation.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-308" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Deliver” means to sell, rent, distribute, or circulate.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Performance” includes a live performance and a performance that is transmitted by wire, radio, or television.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Recorded article” means a phonograph record, disc, wire, tape, film, videocassette, or other article on which sounds are recorded or otherwise stored.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies only to sound recordings initially fixed before February 15, 1972.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person may not knowingly transfer or cause to be transferred any sounds recorded on a recorded article to any other recorded article:</text> <level label="i"> <text>with the intent to sell or cause to be sold for profit or used to promote the sale of any product; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>without the consent of the owner of the original fixation of sounds embodied in the master recorded article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person may not knowingly deliver, offer for delivery, possess for delivery, cause to be delivered, cause to be offered for delivery, or cause to be possessed for delivery a recorded article or device:</text> <level label="1"> <text>on which sounds have been transferred without the consent of the owner of the original fixation of sounds embodied in the master recorded article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>embodying a performance without the consent of the performer.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person may not knowingly transfer to or cause to be transferred to a recorded article on which sounds or images have been transferred or stored any performance:</text> <level label="i"> <text>with the intent to sell or cause to be sold for profit or used to promote the sale of any product; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>without the consent of the performer.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not knowingly deliver, offer for delivery, or possess for the purpose of delivery a recorded article on which sounds or images have been transferred or stored, unless the recorded article bears in a prominent place on its outside face or package:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the actual name and street address of the transferor of the sounds or images; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the actual name of the performer or group.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Except in the lobby area of a motion picture theater, a person may not knowingly operate an audiovisual recording function of a device in a motion picture theater without the consent of the owner or lessee of the theater.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-309" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <text>For a first violation, a person who violates this part is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both for each individual act in violation of this part.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>For each subsequent violation, a person who violates this part is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both for each individual act in violation of this part.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-310" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <text>A recorded article produced in violation of this part and all equipment used to produce the recorded article are subject to forfeiture and destruction by the appropriate law enforcement unit.</text> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-313" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <text>In this part the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>“Manufacture” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>with respect to an unlawful access device:</text> <level label="1"> <text>to make, produce, or assemble an unlawful access device; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>to modify, alter, program, or reprogram technology, software, or a device to defeat or circumvent technology, software, or a device that is used by the provider, owner, or licensee of a telecommunication service or of a data, audio, or video service, program, or transmission, to protect the telecommunication, data, audio, or video service, program, or transmission from unauthorized receipt, acquisition, access, decryption, disclosure, communication, transmission, or retransmission; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>with respect to an unlawful telecommunication device or access code:</text> <level label="1"> <text>to make, produce, or assemble an unlawful telecommunication device or access code; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>to modify, alter, program, or reprogram a telecommunication device or access code to be capable of acquiring, disrupting, receiving, transmitting, decrypting, or facilitating the acquisition, disruption, receipt, transmission, or decryption of a telecommunication service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Manufacture” includes knowingly to assist another in performing an activity described in paragraph (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Telecommunication device or access code” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>an instrument, device, machine, equipment, technology, or software that is capable of transmitting, acquiring, decrypting, or receiving telephonic, electronic, data, Internet access, audio, video, microwave or radio communications, transmissions, signals, or services provided by or through a cable television, fiber optic, telephone, satellite, microwave, data transmission, radio, Internet-based, or wireless distribution network, system, or facility;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a part, accessory, or component of an item listed in item (1) of this subsection, including a computer circuit, security module, smart card, software, computer chip, electronic mechanism, or other part, component, or accessory of any telecommunication device that is capable of facilitating the transmission, decryption, acquisition, or reception of any type of communication, transmission, signal, or service listed in item (1) of this subsection; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>an electronic serial number, mobile identification number, service access card, account number, or personal identification number used to acquire, receive, use, or transmit a telecommunication service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Telecommunication service” means a service provided for a fee or other compensation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>to facilitate the origination, transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, data, writings, images, or sounds or intelligence of any nature by a telephone, cellular telephone, wire, wireless, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic, or photo-optical system; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>by a radio, telephone, fiber optic, cable television, satellite, microwave, data transmission, wireless, or Internet-based distribution system, network, or facility, including electronic, data, video, audio, Internet access, telephonic, microwave and radio communications, transmissions, signals, and services and those communications, transmissions, signals, and services provided directly or indirectly, by or through a system, network, facility, or technology listed in this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>“Telecommunication service provider” means a person that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>owns or operates a fiber optic, cable television, satellite, Internet-based, telephone, wireless, microwave, data transmission, or radio distribution system, network, or facility; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>provides a telecommunication service directly or indirectly using any of the systems, networks, or facilities listed in item (i) of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Telecommunication service provider” includes a person that, for a fee, supplies the facility, cell site, mobile telephone switching office, or other equipment or telecommunication service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>“Unlawful access device” means an instrument, device, access code, machine, equipment, technology, or software that is primarily designed, assembled, manufactured, sold, distributed, possessed, used, offered, promoted, or advertised to defeat or circumvent technology, software, or a device, or a component or part of any technology, software, or a device used by the provider, owner, or licensee of a telecommunication service or of a data, audio, or video program or transmission, to protect that telecommunication, data, audio, or video service, program, or transmission from unauthorized receipt, acquisition, access, decryption, disclosure, communication, transmission, or retransmission.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>“Unlawful telecommunication device or access code” means a telecommunication device or access code that has been altered, designed, modified, programmed, or reprogrammed, alone or in conjunction with another telecommunication device or access code, to facilitate the disruption, acquisition, receipt, transmission, or decryption of a telecommunication service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Unlawful telecommunication device or access code” includes a device, technology, product, service, equipment, access code, computer software, component, or part that is primarily distributed, sold, designed, assembled, manufactured, modified, programmed, reprogrammed, or used to provide the unauthorized access to or receipt, transmission, disruption, decryption, or acquisition of a telecommunication service provided by a telecommunication service provider.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-314" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <text>This part does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>a law enforcement officer who possesses or uses a telecommunication device or access code in the course of an official law enforcement investigation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>a telecommunication service provider while lawfully acting in that capacity; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>a person who is expressly authorized by a law enforcement unit or other lawful authority to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>manufacture telecommunication devices or access codes for distribution or sale to a law enforcement unit or telecommunication service provider; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>distribute or sell telecommunication devices or access codes to law enforcement units or telecommunication service providers.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-315" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <text>A person may not knowingly:</text> <level label="1"> <text>possess, use, manufacture, distribute, transfer, sell, offer, promote, or advertise for sale, use, or distribution, an unlawful telecommunication device or access code:</text> <level label="i"> <text>to commit a theft of telecommunication service; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>to receive, disrupt, transmit, decrypt, acquire, or facilitate the receipt, disruption, transmission, decryption, or acquisition of a telecommunication service without the express consent or express authorization of the telecommunication service provider;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>possess, use, manufacture, distribute, transfer, sell, offer, promote, or advertise for sale, use, or distribution an unlawful access device; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>possess, use, prepare, distribute, sell, give, transfer, offer, promote, or advertise for sale, use, or distribution equipment, hardware, cables, tools, data, computer software, or other components, knowing that the purchaser or a third person intends to use them to manufacture an unlawful telecommunication device or access code for a purpose prohibited by this part.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-316" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who violates § 7-315 of this part involving more than 100 unlawful telecommunication devices or access codes or unlawful access devices is guilty of a felony and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who violates § 7-315 of this part involving 100 or fewer unlawful telecommunication devices or access codes or unlawful access devices is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $2,500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In addition to any other sentence authorized by law, the court may require a person convicted of violating this part to make restitution in accordance with the Criminal Procedure Article.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>In addition to any other sentence authorized by law, the court may direct that a person convicted of a violation of this part forfeit to the State any unlawful telecommunication devices or access codes or unlawful access devices in the person’s possession or control that were involved in the violation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-317" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <text>A violation of § 7-315 of this part may be considered to have been committed at either:</text> <level label="1"> <text>the place where the defendant manufactured the unlawful telecommunication device or access code or unlawful access device; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>any place where the unlawful telecommunication device or access code or unlawful access device was sold or delivered to a purchaser or recipient.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>It is not a defense to a violation of this part that some of the acts constituting the violation occurred out of the State.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="7-318" title_number="7" title_name="Theft and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Crimes Involving Telecommunications and Electronics"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who has suffered a specific and direct injury to a right protected by this part because of a violation of § 7-315 of this part may bring a civil action in a court of competent jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The court:</text> <level label="1"> <text>may impose preliminary and final injunctions to prevent or restrain a violation of § 7-315 of this part;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>at any time while an action is pending, may order the impounding of any unlawful telecommunication device or access code or unlawful access device that is in the custody or control of the violator and that the court has reasonable cause to believe was involved in the alleged violation of § 7-315 of this part;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>may award damages subject to subsection (d) of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>as part of a final judgment or decree finding a violation of § 7-315 of this part, may order the remedial modification or destruction of any unlawful telecommunication device or access code or unlawful access device involved in the violation that is in the custody or control of the violator or that has been impounded under paragraph (2) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not allow the District Court to grant relief under subsection (b)(1) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Damages awarded by a court under this section may be computed as actual damages suffered by the complaining party as a result of the violation of § 7-315 of this part and any profits of the violator that are attributable to the violation and are not taken into account in computing the actual damages.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In determining the profits of the violator under paragraph (1) of this subsection:</text> <level label="i"> <text>the complaining party must prove only the violator’s gross revenue; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>the violator must prove the deductible expenses and elements of profit attributable to factors other than the violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section>