<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<section article="gcr" article_name="Criminal Law" number="8-103" title_number="8" title_name="Fraud and Related Crimes" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Bad Checks">
  <level label="a">
    <text>A person may not obtain property or services by issuing a check if:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>the person knows that there are insufficient funds with the drawee to cover the check and other outstanding checks;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>the person intends or believes when issuing the check that payment will be refused by the drawee on presentment; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>payment of the check is refused by the drawee on presentment.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="b">
    <text>A person may not obtain property or services by issuing a check if:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>when issuing the check, the person knows that the person or, in the case of a representative drawer, the person’s principal intends, without the consent of the payee, to stop or countermand the payment of the check, or otherwise to cause the drawee to disregard, dishonor, or refuse to recognize the check; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>payment is refused by the drawee on presentment.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="c">
    <text>A person may not issue a check if:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>the check is in payment for services provided or to be provided by:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>an employee of the drawer or representative drawer; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>an independent contractor hired by the drawer or representative drawer;</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>the drawer or representative drawer:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>intends or believes when issuing the check that payment will be refused by the drawee on presentment; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>knows that the drawer or, in the case of a representative drawer, the principal of the representative drawer has insufficient funds with the drawee to cover the check and other outstanding checks;</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>the employee of the drawer or representative drawer or an independent contractor hired by the drawer or representative drawer passes the check to a third person; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="4">
      <text>payment is refused by the drawee on presentment.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="d">
    <text>A person may not obtain property or services by passing a check if:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>the person knows that the drawer of the check has insufficient funds with the drawee to cover the check and other outstanding checks;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>the person intends or believes when passing the check that payment will be refused by the drawee on presentment; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>payment of the check is refused by the drawee on presentment.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="e">
    <text>A person may not obtain property or services by passing a check if:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>the person knows that:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>payment of the check has been stopped or countermanded; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>the drawee of the check will disregard, dishonor, or refuse to recognize the check; and</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>payment is refused by the drawee on presentment.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
</section>
