<section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-101" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this title the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Board” means the Radiation Control Advisory Board.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Emergency” means a sudden and unforeseen condition of such public gravity and urgency that it requires immediate response to protect the public health and welfare.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Emergency planning zone” means a plume exposure pathway emergency planning zone, as described in 10 C.F.R. § 50.47(c)(2).</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>“General license” means a license that, under the rules and regulations adopted by the Department under this title, is effective without the filing of an application by the licensee.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>“Nuclear incident” means any occurrence, including an extraordinary nuclear occurrence, or series of occurrences at a nuclear power plant with the potential for causing bodily injury, sickness, disease, death, loss of or damage to property, or loss of use of property resulting from the radioactive, toxic, explosive, or other hazardous properties of the radioactive material used by a nuclear power plant or stored on its property.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>“Nuclear power plant” means any facility capable of producing electricity using nuclear energy:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>That is located in the State; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>With an emergency planning zone that includes any area of the State; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For which the Department participates in planning and response activities related to the facility.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Nuclear power plant” includes a facility with one or more nuclear power reactors that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Has spent nuclear fuel stored onsite;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Has not been fully dismantled and decommissioned in accordance with applicable federal law and regulations; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Has not been granted license termination by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>“Nuclear Regulatory Commission” means the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission or any successor entity responsible for federal regulation of nuclear energy.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>“Off–site response organization” means a state, local, or tribal governmental organization responsible for carrying out emergency response functions during a nuclear incident.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>“Person” includes any public or municipal corporation and any agency, bureau, department, or instrumentality of State or local government and, to the extent authorized by federal law, federal government.</text> </level> <level label="k"> <text>“Radiation” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Ionizing radiation, including gamma rays, X–rays, alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, high speed electrons, high speed protons, and any other atomic or nuclear particles or rays;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any electromagnetic radiation that can be generated during the operation of a manufactured device that has an electronic circuit; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any sonic, ultrasonic, or infrasonic waves that are emitted as a result of the operation, in a manufactured device, of an electronic circuit that can generate a physical field of radiation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <text>“Specific license” means a license that, under the rules and regulations adopted by the Department under this title, is effective only after the applicant files an application and the Department approves the application.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-102" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>The General Assembly finds that radiation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>If used properly, can help to improve the health, welfare, and productivity of the public;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If used carelessly or excessively, may destroy life or health; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If used improperly, may impair the industrial and agricultural potential of this State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>It is the policy of this State:</text> <level label="1"> <text>To encourage the constructive uses of radiation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To control radiation; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To protect the public from unnecessary and harmful exposure resulting from a nuclear incident.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-103" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <text>This title does not limit:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Lawful exposure of patients to radiation for diagnosis or therapy; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Medical research.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-104" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>The Secretary shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Administer this title and the rules and regulations adopted under this title;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Develop comprehensive policies and programs to evaluate, determine, and lessen hazards that are associated with the use of radiation;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Advise, consult, and cooperate with:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Experts in the field of radiation control;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Other agencies of this State;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The federal government;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Other states;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>Interstate agencies;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>Affected groups;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>Affected political subdivisions; and</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>Affected industries;</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Accept and administer, according to law, any available loans, grants, and other funds or gifts for carrying out the Secretary’s powers and duties under this title;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Collect and publish health education information about protection from radiation hazards;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Review all radiation source plans and specifications that are submitted under the rules and regulations adopted under this title;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>Inspect, to determine any possible radiation hazard:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Sources of radiation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The shielding and immediate surroundings of radiation sources; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any records that concern the operation of radiation sources; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="8"> <text>Keep in confidence all information about commercial and industrial processes that is obtained in carrying out this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Secretary may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Authorize the Baltimore City Commissioner of Health to enforce and carry out the provisions of this title in Baltimore City; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Encourage, participate in, or conduct studies, investigations, training, research, or demonstrations that concern:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The control of radiation hazards;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The measurement of radiation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The effects on health from exposure to radiation; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Any other related problems.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-105" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>Whenever the Secretary finds that an emergency exists, the Secretary may issue an order:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Stating that the emergency exists; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Requiring any action that the Secretary finds necessary to meet the emergency.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Every order issued under this section is effective immediately.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-106" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Secretary may adopt rules and regulations for control of sources of radiation.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Secretary may not adopt any rule or regulation for control of a source of radiation unless the requirements of this section and the Administrative Procedure Act are met.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Secretary may not adopt any rule or regulation unless the rule or regulation conforms to the relevant standards set by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The United States Food and Drug Administration; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The United States Environmental Protection Agency.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-107" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>A county, municipality, or board of health may not adopt or enforce an ordinance, rule, or regulation that is inconsistent with this title or any rule or regulation adopted under this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This title does not limit the power of a county, a municipality, or a board of health to adopt ordinances, rules, or regulations that are consistent with this title and the rules and regulations adopted under this title.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-108" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <text>On behalf of this State, the Governor may make agreements with the federal government for the federal government to discontinue certain of its responsibilities with respect to sources of radiation and for this State to assume the discontinued responsibilities.</text> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-201" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Radiation Control Advisory Board"> <text>There is a Radiation Control Advisory Board in the Department.</text> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-202" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Radiation Control Advisory Board"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The Board consists of 12 members appointed by the Secretary.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In making appointments to the Board, the Secretary shall choose members of the Board so that the Board is fairly representative of the businesses and professions that are interested in the subject of radiation. The general public shall also be represented.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Ten members shall be individuals who are recognized as knowledgeable about the subject of radiation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Two members shall be public members who represent the community at large.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The term of a member is 4 years and begins on June 1.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The terms of members are staggered as required by the terms provided for members of the Board on July 1, 1986. The terms of those members end as follows:</text> <level label="i"> <text>3 members in 1987;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>2 members in 1988;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>3 members in 1989; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>4 members, including 2 public members, in 1990.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>At the end of a term, a member continues to serve until a successor is appointed and qualifies.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A member who is appointed after a term has begun serves only for the rest of the term and until a successor is appointed and qualifies.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-203" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Radiation Control Advisory Board"> <text>From among the Board members, the Secretary shall appoint a chairman of the Board.</text> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-204" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Radiation Control Advisory Board"> <level label="a"> <text>The Board shall determine the times and places of its meetings.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A member of the Board:</text> <level label="1"> <text>May not receive compensation; but</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is entitled to reimbursement for expenses under the Standard State Travel Regulations, as provided in the State budget.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department shall provide the Board with needed staff assistance.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-205" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Radiation Control Advisory Board"> <text>The Board shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Review periodically the programs and policies of the Department that relate to radiation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Consult with and advise the Secretary on matters that relate to radiation.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-301" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Regulation of Radiation Sources"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to Subtitle 4 of this title, the Secretary shall adopt rules and regulations for general licenses and specific licenses that govern:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Ionizing radiation sources and byproduct material;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Special nuclear material; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Devices that use ionizing radiation sources, byproduct material, or special nuclear material.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The rules and regulations shall provide for:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The issuance, amendment, suspension, or revocation of general licenses and specific licenses;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration of ionizing radiation sources for which a general license or specific license is not required; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Based on the kinds and amounts of radioactive material subject to specific licenses, the establishment of financial plans to ensure the decommissioning of facilities operating under those licenses and a timetable for the submission of the plans to the Department.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The amount of funding assurance required under a financial plan established under paragraph (2)(iii) of this subsection may not exceed the amount specified in the comparable federal regulations promulgated by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Agency as amended from time to time.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The Secretary may adopt rules and regulations that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Require registration by persons granted a general license;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to any registration requirements the Secretary requires, recognize licenses issued by the federal government or any other state; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, based on the anticipated cost of monitoring and regulating sources of radiation, establish a fee schedule for general licenses, specific licenses, and the registration of radiation machines or other sources of radiation issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the Secretary finds that allowing the exemptions will not constitute a significant risk to the health and safety of the public, the Secretary may adopt rules and regulations that exempt from the licensing or registration requirements of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Specific sources of ionizing radiation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Specific kinds of uses of ionizing radiation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Specific kinds of users of ionizing radiation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In adopting the regulations under paragraph (1)(iii) of this subsection, the Department shall consult with the regulated profession or industry to determine that the license fee is reasonable and directly related to the actual cost of the licensing and regulatory activity.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>For a dental office or dental facility operated by a licensed dentist, a partnership of licensed dentists, a professional association of licensed dentists, or a public health dental facility, the Secretary may adopt regulations that establish a fee to offset the costs of monitoring and regulating sources of radiation within that dental facility.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection, the fees established under this subsection may not exceed:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For the first 2 years beginning July 1, 2002, $60 per dental radiation machine per year;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>From June 30, 2004, through June 30, 2006, inclusive, $70 per dental radiation machine per year; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>After June 30, 2006, through at least June 30, 2010, $80 per dental radiation machine per year; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>After June 30, 2010, the fee per dental radiation machine shall continue to be $80 per year unless altered by the General Assembly.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The Secretary shall reduce fees proportionately to reflect the balance of any unspent or unencumbered fees collected under this subsection in the previous fiscal year.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If a dental radiation machine is not inspected within any 3–year period and all annual fees were paid during that 3–year period, an additional annual inspection fee is not required to be paid until a dental radiation machine inspection is performed by a State inspector.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, inspection of the dental radiation machines at each dental office or facility may not be performed more than once every 3 years.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Inspection of the dental radiation machines at a dental office or facility may be performed more than once every 3 years if the Department has grounds to believe that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A violation of this title or any rule, regulation, order, registration, certificate, or license adopted or issued under this title may exist; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A hazard associated with the use of radiation may exist.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>If, based on an inspection of a dental radiation machine at a dental office or facility, the State inspector determines that there is a violation of this title and the violation does not present a serious and probable danger to the patients or employees of the dental office or facility, the State inspector shall provide the dental office or facility a written notice:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Setting forth the nature of the violation and the required corrective action;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Informing the dental office or facility that the dental office or facility has 20 working days to comply with the corrective action; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Informing the dental office or facility of the required procedure to inform the Department that the corrective action has been completed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the corrective action is completed within 20 working days in accordance with subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the Department may not impose a fine on a dental office or dental facility for a violation of this title.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The provisions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section relating to fees for monitoring and regulating sources of radiation do not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A dental school accredited by the Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>After June 30, 2016, a temporary dental clinic that holds a permit under Title 4 of the Health Occupations Article, provides all services on a pro bono basis, and operates fewer than 100 hours a year.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-302" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Regulation of Radiation Sources"> <text>Whenever the Secretary finds that an emergency exists, the Secretary may order the impoundment of any source of ionizing radiation that is in the possession of any person:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Who is not equipped to meet the requirements of this subtitle or the rules and regulations adopted under this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Who violates the provisions of this subtitle or the rules or regulations adopted under this subtitle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-303" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Regulation of Radiation Sources"> <text>If the Secretary finds, on examination of a source of radiation, that the source of radiation is constructed, operated, or maintained in a manner that violates this subtitle or a rule or regulation adopted under this subtitle, the Secretary shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Notify the person who is causing or permitting the violation of the nature of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Order that person:</text> <level label="i"> <text>By a time set by the Secretary, to stop causing or permitting the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>By a time set by the Secretary, to take any action necessary so that the source of radiation is constructed, operated, and maintained in compliance with this subtitle and the rules and regulations adopted under this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-304" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Regulation of Radiation Sources"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “radiation machine” means any device that is capable of producing radiation.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>After July 1, 1986, except for dental or veterinary diagnosis or treatment, a person may not use any radiation machine that is a source of radiation that is not certified as complying with this subtitle and all rules and regulations adopted under this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Secretary shall adopt rules and regulations to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Govern the issuance, suspension, and revocation of licenses for individuals who inspect radiation machines and individuals authorized to inspect radiation machines in the State under §§ 10–14A–03 and 10–14B–03 of the State Government Article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Establish inspection procedures and a schedule for the periodic inspection and certification of radiation machines;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Establish a biennial fee schedule in accordance with § 8–301(b)(1)(iii) of this subtitle that is sufficient only to cover the costs to the Department of issuing the certificate and regulating the use of radiation; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Provide for penalties for the failure to certify radiation machines.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-305" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Regulation of Radiation Sources"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Listed facility” means a radon testing facility that is listed in the report of the latest round of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s National Radon Measurement Proficiency Program.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Radon testing device” means a device that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Collects radon or radon progeny; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Requires analysis by an independent measuring facility or radon tester.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Radon testing device” does not include a self-analyzing device that collects radon or radon progeny.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who engages in the business of testing for the presence of indoor radon shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>After completion of round 6 of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s National Radon Measurement Proficiency Program, have all tests analyzed by a listed facility;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Indicate the name of the facility conducting the analysis on the radon testing device; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Disclose in writing to the ultimate consumer the results of the radon test and the name and address of the facility that analyzed the test.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department:</text> <level label="1"> <text>May adopt regulations to require radon testing facilities to send test results to the Department; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not disclose, in response to a request from the public for the name of a radon testing facility, the name of a radon tester that is not a listed facility.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-306" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Regulation of Radiation Sources"> <level label="a"> <text>There is a State Radiation Control Fund.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>All general license fees, specific license fees, registration fees, radiation machine certification fees, and all funds collected by the Department under this title, including any civil penalties, settlements, or fines, shall be paid into the State Radiation Control Fund.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department shall use the State Radiation Control Fund for activities that are related to identifying, monitoring, and controlling sources of radiation, including radiation machines, and for program development of these activities.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The Department shall adopt regulations for the management and use of the money in the Fund.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-401" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“High-level nuclear waste” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Spent nuclear reactor fuel;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Liquid waste that results from the operation, in a facility for reprocessing spent nuclear reactor fuel, of a first cycle solvent extraction system or an equivalent system;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Concentrated waste from the operation, in a facility for reprocessing spent nuclear reactor fuel, of a subsequent cycle solvent extraction system or an equivalent system; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Any solid into which any waste that is described in item (2) or (3) of this subsection has been converted.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Low-level nuclear waste” means waste that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Contains or is contaminated with radioactive material emitting primarily beta or gamma radiation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is neither high-level nuclear waste nor transuranic waste.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Transuranic waste” means waste material that is measured or assumed to contain at least 10 nanocuries of transuranic activity per gram of waste.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-402" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the Department may not issue or renew a specific license unless the applicant demonstrates to the Department that there is storage or disposal capacity available inside or outside of this State for any low-level nuclear waste that the applicant may generate.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply:</text> <level label="1"> <text>To the extent that the Department is authorized to issue a specific license under:</text> <level label="i"> <text>An interstate compact or executive agreement made under § 7-227 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A rule or regulation adopted under § 8-403 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>An executive order issued under § 8-406 of this subtitle;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To renewal of any license originally issued before January 1, 1986;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To any facility that generated low-level nuclear waste before January 1, 1986;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>To any hospital, medical, or educational facility; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>To any low-level nuclear waste, if, under standards adopted by rule or regulation, the Department finds that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The half-life or specific activity of the low-level nuclear waste is such that, within a period of not more than 6 months, the low-level nuclear waste will not require special handling, special subsurface disposal, or special storage; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The low-level nuclear waste can be disposed of safely in the same manner as other hazardous substances or handled as conventional waste.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-403" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal"> <level label="a"> <text>The Secretary may adopt a rule or regulation certifying that a demonstrated technology or means for the permanent disposal of low-level nuclear waste:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Has been developed;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Will be in operation and will provide adequate capacity at the time that the activity licensed under this title requires the availability of disposal capacity for low-level nuclear waste; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Has been approved by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The appropriate federal agency;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>An authorized agency of a state that is a party to a compact or agreement with this State;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A regional compact or executive agreement among states to which this State is a party member; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The Department.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>On petition by any person, the Secretary shall schedule and conduct public hearings and make specific findings as to the conditions described in this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>The Administrative, Executive, and Legislative Review Committee of the General Assembly shall review at a public hearing each rule or regulation proposed for adoption under subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Committee promptly shall notify the General Assembly of the text of the proposed rule or regulation and of the date of the Committee’s hearing on the proposed rule or regulation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-404" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal"> <text>The following State agencies shall assist the Secretary in evaluating any technology or means for the permanent disposal of low–level nuclear waste:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The State Department of Agriculture.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Maryland Department of Labor.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The Department of Natural Resources.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The State Department of Transportation.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The Department of Planning.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-406" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Low-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal"> <level label="a"> <text>The Governor may issue an executive order that suspends the requirements of § 8-402(a) of this subtitle if the Governor finds that the absence of a storage or disposal site for low-level nuclear waste, inside or outside of this State, will:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Cause a cessation in this State of power generation, medical treatment, medical diagnosis, scientific research, or other activity that relies on nuclear sources; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Otherwise present a serious threat to the public safety or health.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Governor shall submit each executive order issued under this section to the General Assembly at a regular or special session.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Unless an executive order issued under this section is disapproved specifically by a resolution in which a majority of the members of each house of the General Assembly concurs, an executive order issued under this section is effective 30 days after the date the executive order is submitted to the General Assembly.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-501" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <text>In accordance with § 10-226 of the State Government Article and after notice and hearing, the Department may suspend, modify, or revoke any general or specific license issued under § 8-301 of this title or any license issued under § 8-304 of this title for violation of this title or any regulation adopted under this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department may revoke any license issued under this title if the Department finds that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>False or inaccurate information was willfully, deliberately, or </text> <text>knowingly contained in the application;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Conditions or requirements of the license have been violated;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Substantial deviation from plans, specifications, or requirements has occurred;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The Department has been refused lawful entry to the premises for the purpose of inspecting to ensure compliance with the conditions of the license; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A change in conditions exists that requires temporary or permanent reduction or elimination of the source or discharge of radiation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-502" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <text>The Department shall issue a written complaint if the Department has reasonable grounds to believe that the person to whom the complaint is directed has violated:</text> <level label="1"> <text>This title;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any regulation adopted under this title;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any lawful order issued by the Department under this title; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Any applicable provision of any general or specific license or x-ray machine inspector license issued by the Department under this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A complaint issued under this section shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Specify the provision that allegedly has been violated; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>State the alleged facts that constitute the violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-503" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <text>After or concurrently with service of a complaint under this subtitle, the Department may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Issue an order that requires the person to whom it is directed to take corrective action within a time set in the order;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Send a written notice that requires the person to whom it is directed to file a written report about the alleged violation in not less than 5 days from service of the order; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Send a written notice that requires the person to whom the notice is directed:</text> <level label="i"> <text>To appear at a hearing before the Department at a time and place the Department sets to answer the allegations of the complaint; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To file a written report and also appear at a hearing before the Department at a time and place the Department sets to answer the charges in the complaint.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Any order issued under this section is effective immediately, according to its terms, when it is served.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-504" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as otherwise provided, any notice, order, or other instrument issued by or under authority of the Department under this subtitle may be served in accordance with § 1–204 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Proof of service may be made by the sworn statement or affidavit of the person who mailed the notice, order, or other instrument.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The sworn statement or affidavit shall be filed with the Department.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Any notice that requires filing of a report, attendance at a hearing, or both shall be served at least 10 days before the earlier of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The time set for the hearing, if any; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The time set for the filing of the report, if any.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-505" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The Department shall give notice and hold any hearing under this subtitle in accordance with § 10-205 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any hearing related to a complaint shall be held in the manner provided in § 10-205 of the State Government Article for hearings in contested cases.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Within 10 days after being served with an order under § 8-503(a)(1) of this subtitle, the person served may request, in writing, a hearing before the Department.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>If a request for a hearing is made under this subsection, the Department shall hold the hearing promptly after receiving the request and render a decision promptly after the hearing.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a request for a hearing is made under this subsection and the Department alleges in the order that there is an imminent threat or danger to the public health or safety or to the environment, the Department shall hold the hearing within 10 days after receiving the request and render a decision within 10 days after the hearing.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Within 10 days after being served with notice under § 8-503(a)(2) of this subtitle the person served may request, in writing, a hearing before the Department.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>On the request of any party to the hearing, the Department shall take a verbatim record in accordance with Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article of the proceedings of any hearing held under this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>In connection with any hearing under this subtitle, the Department may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subpoena any person or evidence; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Order a witness to give evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A subpoenaed witness shall receive the same fees and mileage reimbursement as if the hearing were part of a civil action.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If a person fails to comply with a subpoena issued under this subsection, on petition of the Department, a circuit court, by order, may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Compel obedience to the Department’s order or subpoena; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Compel testimony or the production of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The court may punish as a contempt any failure to obey its order issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-506" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the person served with an order under § 8-503(a)(1) of this subtitle makes a timely request for a hearing, the order is a final order.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the person served with an order under § 8-503(a)(1) of this subtitle makes a timely request for a hearing, the order becomes a final corrective order when the Department renders its decision following the hearing.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If the Department issues a notice under § 8-503(a)(2) or (3) of this subtitle, the Department may not issue an order that requires corrective action by the person to whom the notice is directed until after the later of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The time set for the hearing, if any; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The time set for filing of the report, if any.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>After the time within which the Department may not issue a corrective order has passed, if the Department finds that a violation of this title has occurred, the Department shall issue an order that requires correction of the violation within a time set in the order.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any order issued under this subsection is a final corrective order and the person to whom the order is directed is not entitled to a hearing before the Department as a result of the order.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Take action to secure compliance with any final corrective order; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the terms of the final corrective order are violated or if a violation is not corrected within the time set in the order, sue to require correction of the violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-507" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <text>The Department may bring an action for an injunction against any person who violates any provision of this title or any regulation, order, or permit adopted or issued by the Department under this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>On a showing that any person is violating or is about to violate this title or any regulation, order, or license adopted or issued by the Department, the court shall grant an injunction without requiring a showing of a lack of an adequate remedy at law.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If an emergency arises from imminent danger to the public health, to the public welfare, or to the environment, the Department may sue for an immediate injunction to stop any activity that is causing the danger.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-508" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <text>Any person aggrieved by a final decision of the Department in connection with an order or license issued under this title may take a direct judicial appeal.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The appeal shall be made as provided for judicial review of final decisions under Title 10 of the State Government Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-509" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A person who fails, refuses, or neglects to comply with any provision of this title, or with any regulation adopted under this title, is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $25,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Before any prosecution is begun under this subsection, the Secretary shall serve written notice of each alleged violation on a person who is in charge of the place where the violation allegedly exists.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>In addition to any criminal penalty imposed under this section, a person who violates any provision of this title, any regulation or order issued under this title, or any term, condition, or limitation of any license or registration certificate issued under this title:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Is liable for a civil penalty not exceeding $10,000, to be collected in a civil action in the circuit court for any county; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May be enjoined from continuing the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Each day a violation occurs is a separate violation under this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Whether or not a court action has been filed, the Secretary, with the concurrence of the Attorney General, may compromise and settle any claim for a civil penalty under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not apply to an action subject to a penalty provision of Title 7 or Title 9 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-510" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <level label="a"> <text>In addition to any other remedies available at law or in equity and after an opportunity for a hearing which may be waived in writing by the person accused of a violation, the Department may impose a penalty for violation of any provision of this title, or any regulation, order, plan for compliance, registration, certificate, or license adopted or issued under this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The penalty imposed on a person under this section shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Up to $1,000 for each violation, but not exceeding $50,000 total; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Assessed with consideration given to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The willfulness of the violation, to the extent to which the existence of the violation was known to the violator but uncorrected by the violator, and the extent to which the violator exercised reasonable care;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any actual harm to human health or to the environment;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The nature and degree of injury to or interference with general welfare, health, and property;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The cost of control of the source of radiation or any emission of radiation;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The extent to which the location of the violation, including location near areas of human population, creates the potential for harm to the environment or to human health or safety;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>The available technology and economic reasonableness of correcting, controlling, reducing, or eliminating the situation or condition that caused the violation;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>The degree of hazard posed by the source of radiation or the emission of radiation; and</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>The extent to which the current violation is part of a recurrent pattern of the same or similar type of violation committed by the violator.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Each day a violation occurs is a separate violation under this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any penalty imposed under this section is payable to this State and collectible in any manner provided at law for the collection of debts.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If any person who is liable to pay a penalty imposed under this section fails to pay it after demand, the amount, together with interest and any costs that may accrue, shall be:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A lien in favor of this State on any property, real or personal of the person; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Recorded in the office of the clerk of court for the county in which the property is located.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-511" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <text>The Attorney General shall take charge of, prosecute, and defend on behalf of this State every case arising under the provisions of this title, including the recovery of penalties.</text> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-512" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Enforcement"> <text>The pursuit of a remedy under this title may not preclude the Department or the Attorney General from pursuing other remedies under this title.</text> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-601" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Short Title"> <text>This title may be cited as the “Maryland Radiation Act”.</text> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-701" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Emergency Preparedness"> <level label="a"> <text>It is the policy of the State to protect the public against adverse health effects resulting from nuclear incidents and mitigate the impacts of nuclear incidents by establishing a state of readiness through emergency preparedness.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The General Assembly finds that the nuclear industry should bear the costs associated with developing and implementing plans to prepare for and mitigate the impacts of nuclear incidents.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-702" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Emergency Preparedness"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>There is a Radiation Emergency Response Program.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Department shall administer the Program.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Department shall serve as:</text> <level label="1"> <text>An off–site response organization; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The lead State agency for protective actions for all nuclear incidents within the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Department shall:</text> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Prepare a technical emergency radiation response plan for incorporation into the State emergency management program developed by the Maryland Department of Emergency Management in accordance with Title 14 of the Public Safety Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Respond to emergencies that involve a nuclear power plant;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Participate in the Federal Emergency Management Administration’s Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program activities applicable to each nuclear power plant; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Procure specialized supplies and equipment for responding to emergencies that involve a nuclear power plant.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-703" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Emergency Preparedness"> <level label="a"> <text>The owner of a nuclear power plant shall, for each nuclear power plant owned, remit the fees required under this section to the Department.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>On or before July 1, 2024, and each July 1 thereafter, the owner of a nuclear power plant shall pay to the Department:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a fee of $300,000 for the operational costs of the Radiation Emergency Response Program; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, a fee of $60,000 for radiological emergency response preparedness.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, the Department may annually increase the fees under paragraph (1) of this subsection in accordance with the percentage increase in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers for the Washington Metropolitan Area during the previous year to ensure adequate funding for the operational costs of the Radiation Emergency Response Program.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The Department may not annually increase the fees under paragraph (1) of this subsection by more than 3%.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The Department shall transfer the fee collected under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection to the Maryland Department of Emergency Management for radiological emergency response preparedness activities.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b)(3) of this section, the fees collected under this section shall be paid into the Radiation Emergency Response Fund under § 8–704 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gen" article_name="Environment" number="8-704" title_number="8" title_name="Radiation" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Emergency Preparedness"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “Fund” means the Radiation Emergency Response Fund.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>There is a Radiation Emergency Response Fund.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The purpose of the Fund is to support the costs of developing and implementing the Radiation Emergency Response Program.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The Department shall administer the Fund.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The Fund is a special, nonlapsing fund that is not subject to § 7–302 of the State Finance and Procurement Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The State Treasurer shall hold the Fund separately, and the Comptroller shall account for the Fund.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The Fund consists of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Fees collected under § 8–703(b)(1)(i) of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Money appropriated in the State budget to the Fund;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Interest earnings; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Any other money from any other source accepted for the benefit of the Fund.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>The Fund may be used only for developing and implementing the Radiation Emergency Response Program, including administrative expenses.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Treasurer shall invest the money of the Fund in the same manner as other State money may be invested.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any interest earnings of the Fund shall be credited to the Fund.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>Expenditures from the Fund may be made only in accordance with the State budget.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>Money expended from the Fund for the Radiation Emergency Response Program is supplemental to and is not intended to take the place of funding that otherwise would be appropriated for the Radiation Emergency Response Program.</text> </level> </section>