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<section article="get" article_name="Estates and Trusts" number="13-601" title_number="13" title_name="Protection of Minors, Disabled Persons, Susceptible Adults, and Older Adults" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Financial Exploitation of Susceptible Adults and Older Adults">
  <level label="a">
    <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="b">
    <text>“Activities of daily living” means basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="c">
    <text>“Basic activities of daily living” means the routine activities that people do every day without assistance that include:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Eating;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Bathing;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>Dressing;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="4">
      <text>Toileting;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="5">
      <text>Mobility; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="6">
      <text>Continence.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="d">
    <text>“Deception” means a misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact relating to services rendered, disposition of property, or the use of property intended to benefit a susceptible adult or older adult.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="e">
    <level label="1">
      <text>“Financial exploitation” means an act taken by a person who:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>Stands in a position of trust and confidence with a susceptible adult or older adult and who knowingly obtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or use, a susceptible adult’s or older adult’s funds, assets, or property with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive the susceptible adult or older adult of the use, benefit, or possession of the funds, assets, or property for the benefit of someone other than the susceptible adult or older adult, in such a manner that is not fair and reasonable;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>By deception, false pretenses, false promises, larceny, embezzlement, misapplication, conversion, intimidation, coercion, isolation, excessive persuasion, or similar actions and tactics, obtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or use, a susceptible adult’s or older adult’s funds, assets, or property with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive the susceptible adult or older adult of the use, benefit, or possession of the funds, assets, or property for the benefit of someone other than the susceptible adult or older adult; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="iii">
        <text>Knows or should know that a susceptible adult or older adult lacks capacity to consent and who obtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or use, the susceptible adult’s or older adult’s funds, assets, or property with the intent to temporarily or permanently deprive the susceptible adult or older adult of the use, benefit, or possession of the funds, assets, or property for the benefit of someone other than the susceptible adult or older adult.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>“Financial exploitation” includes:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>Breach of a fiduciary relationship resulting in the unauthorized appropriation, sale, or transfer of property;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>Unauthorized taking of personal assets;</text>
      </level>
      <level label="iii">
        <text>Misappropriation, misuse, or transfer of assets belonging to a susceptible adult or older adult from a personal or joint account; and</text>
      </level>
      <level label="iv">
        <text>Intentional failure to effectively use a susceptible adult’s or older adult’s income and assets for the necessities required for the susceptible adult’s or older adult’s support and maintenance.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>“Financial exploitation” does not include an individual’s good–faith use of a susceptible adult’s or older adult’s assets, including for the purposes of establishing and implementing an estate plan intended to reduce taxes or to maximize eligibility for public benefits in order to preserve assets for an identified or identifiable person.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="f">
    <text>“Instrumental activities of daily living” means the skills and abilities needed to perform day–to–day tasks associated with an independent lifestyle, including:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Using the telephone;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Doing laundry and dressing;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>Shopping and running errands;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="4">
      <text>Securing transportation;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="5">
      <text>Preparing meals;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="6">
      <text>Managing medications;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="7">
      <text>Housekeeping; and</text>
    </level>
    <level label="8">
      <text>Managing finances.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="g">
    <text>“Intimidation” means a communication, by word or act, that a susceptible adult or older adult will suffer physical violence or emotional injury or will be deprived of food, nutrition, clothing, shelter, supervision, medicine, medical services, money, social interaction, or emotional or financial support.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="h">
    <text>“Obtains or uses” means any manner of taking or exercising control over property or making any use, disposition, or transfer of property.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="i">
    <text>“Older adult” means an individual who is at least 68 years old.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="j">
    <text>“Position of trust and confidence” means a relationship, whether formed by a formal or informal agreement between a susceptible adult or older adult and another person or recognized by a formal declaration or court order, in which:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>A person is entrusted with the use or management of the property or assets of the susceptible adult or older adult, or the susceptible adult’s or older adult’s care; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>There is a special confidence or trust placed in a person who, in equity and good conscience, is bound to act in good faith and with due regard to the interests of the susceptible adult or older adult.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="k">
    <text>“Susceptible adult” means an adult who is unable to perform, without prompting or assistance, one or more activities of daily living, is unable to protect the adult’s rights, or has diminished executive functioning, due to:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Advanced age;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Mental, emotional, sensory, or physical disability or disease;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>Impaired mobility;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="4">
      <text>Habitual drunkenness;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="5">
      <text>Addiction to drugs; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="6">
      <text>Hospitalization.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
</section>
