To qualify for an initial license, an applicant shall pass a qualified written test developed by the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System and administered by a test provider approved by the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System. A written test may not be treated as a qualified written test for purposes of subsection (a) of this section unless the test adequately measures the applicant’s knowledge and comprehension in appropriate subject areas, including: Ethics; Federal law and regulations relating to mortgage origination; State law and regulations relating to mortgage origination; and Federal and State law and regulations relating to fraud, consumer protection, the nontraditional mortgage product marketplace, and fair lending issues. To pass a qualified written test, an applicant must receive a test score of at least 75 percent. An applicant may take a test three times, provided that each subsequent test occurs at least 30 days after the preceding test. After failing three tests, an applicant shall wait at least 6 months before taking the test again. A licensee who fails to renew and maintain a valid license for a period of 5 years or longer shall retake the test and achieve a passing grade as set forth in subsection (c) of this section before obtaining a new license. Calculation of the time period during which an individual is unlicensed under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall exclude any time during which the individual is a registered mortgage loan originator. This section does not prohibit a test provider approved by the Nationwide Multistate Licensing System from providing a test at the location of the employer of the applicant or any subsidiary or affiliate of the employer of the applicant, or any entity with which the applicant holds an exclusive arrangement to conduct the business of a mortgage loan originator.