Title 10. Support in General — Subtitle 3. Maryland Uniform Interstate Family Support Act

In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.

“Child” means an individual, whether over or under the age of majority, who is or is alleged to be owed a duty of support by the individual’s parent or who is or is alleged to be the beneficiary of a support order directed to the parent.

“Child support order” means a support order for a child, including a child who has attained the age of majority under the law of the issuing state or foreign country.

“Convention” means the Convention on the International Recovery of Child Support and Other Forms of Family Maintenance, concluded at the Hague on November 23, 2007.

“Duty of support” means an obligation imposed or imposable by law to provide support for a child, spouse, or former spouse, including an unsatisfied obligation to provide support.

“Foreign country” means a country, including a political subdivision of the country, other than the United States, that authorizes the issuance of support orders and:

“Foreign support order” means a support order of a foreign tribunal.

“Home state” means the state or foreign country in which a child lived with a parent or a person acting as parent for at least 6 consecutive months immediately preceding the time of filing of a complaint or comparable pleading for support and, if a child is less than 6 months old, the state or foreign country in which the child lived from birth with any of them. A period of temporary absence of any of them is counted as part of the 6–month or other period.

“Income” includes earnings or other periodic entitlements to money from any source and any other property subject to withholding for support under the law of this State.

“Income withholding order” means an order or other legal process directed to an obligor’s employer under Subtitle 1 of this title to withhold support from the income of the obligor.

“Initiating tribunal” means the tribunal of a state or foreign country from which a complaint or comparable pleading is forwarded or in which a complaint or comparable pleading is filed for forwarding to another state or foreign country.

“Issuing foreign country” means the foreign country in which a tribunal issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child.

“Issuing state” means the state in which a tribunal issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child.

“Issuing tribunal” means the tribunal of a state or foreign country that issues a support order or a judgment determining parentage of a child.

“Law” includes decisional and statutory law and rules and regulations having the force of law.

“Obligee” means:

“Obligor” means an individual or the estate of a decedent that:

“Outside this State” means a location in another state or a country other than the United States whether or not the country is a foreign country.

“Person” means an individual, corporation, business trust, statutory trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or any other legal or commercial entity.

“Record” means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form.

“Register” means to record in a tribunal of this State a support order or judgment determining parentage of a child issued in another state or a foreign country.

“Registering tribunal” means a tribunal in which a support order or judgment determining parentage of a child is registered.

“Responding state” means a state in which a complaint or comparable pleading for support or to determine parentage of a child is filed or to which a complaint or comparable pleading is forwarded for filing from another state or a foreign country.

“Responding tribunal” means the authorized tribunal in a responding state or foreign country.

“Spousal support order” means a support order for a spouse or former spouse of the obligor.

“Support enforcement agency” means a public official, governmental entity, or private agency authorized to:

“Tribunal” means a court, administrative agency, or quasi–judicial entity authorized to establish, enforce, or modify support orders or to determine parentage of a child.

The circuit courts, and the Administration, in the context of an affidavit of support, are the tribunals of this State.

The Child Support Administration is the support enforcement agency of this State.

Remedies provided by this subtitle are cumulative and do not affect the availability of remedies under other law or the recognition of a foreign support order on the basis of comity.

This subtitle does not:

A tribunal of this State shall apply Parts I through VI of this subtitle and, as applicable, Part VII, to a support proceeding involving:

A tribunal of this State that is requested to recognize and enforce a support order on the basis of comity may apply the procedural and substantive provisions of Parts I through VI of this subtitle.

Part VII of this subtitle applies only to a support proceeding under the Convention. In such a proceeding, if a provision of Part VII is inconsistent with Parts I through VI, Part VII controls.

In a proceeding to establish or enforce a support order or to determine parentage of a child, a tribunal of this State may exercise personal jurisdiction over a nonresident individual or the individual’s guardian or conservator if:

The bases of personal jurisdiction set forth in subsection (a) of this section or in any other law of this State may not be used to acquire personal jurisdiction for a tribunal of this State to modify a child support order of another state unless the requirements of § 10–350 of this subtitle are met, or, in the case of a foreign support order, unless the requirements of § 10–353.1 of this subtitle are met.

A tribunal of this State may exercise jurisdiction to establish a support order if the complaint or comparable pleading is filed after a pleading is filed in another state or foreign country only if:

A tribunal of this State may not exercise jurisdiction to establish a support order if the complaint or comparable pleading is filed before a complaint or comparable pleading is filed in another state or foreign country if:

A tribunal of this State that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this State has and shall exercise continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify its child support order if the order is the controlling order and:

A tribunal of this State that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this State may not exercise continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify the order if:

If a tribunal of another state has issued a child support order pursuant to the Uniform Interstate Family Support Act or a law substantially similar to that act that modifies a child support order of a tribunal of this State, tribunals of this State shall recognize the continuing, exclusive jurisdiction of the tribunal of the other state.

A tribunal of this State that lacks continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify a child support order may serve as an initiating tribunal to request a tribunal of another state to modify a support order issued in that state.

A temporary support order issued ex parte or pending resolution of a jurisdictional conflict does not create continuing, exclusive jurisdiction in the issuing tribunal.

A tribunal of this State that has issued a child support order consistent with the law of this State may serve as an initiating tribunal to request a tribunal of another state to enforce:

A tribunal of this State having continuing jurisdiction over a support order may act as a responding tribunal to enforce the order.

If a proceeding is brought under this subtitle and only one tribunal has issued a child support order, the order of that tribunal controls and must be recognized.

If a proceeding is brought under this subtitle, and two or more child support orders have been issued by tribunals of this State, another state, or a foreign country with regard to the same obligor and same child, a tribunal of this State having personal jurisdiction over both the obligor and individual obligee shall apply the following rules and by order shall determine which order controls and must be recognized:

If two or more child support orders have been issued for the same obligor and same child, on request of a party who is an individual or that is a support enforcement agency, a tribunal of this State having personal jurisdiction over both the obligor and the obligee who is an individual shall determine which order controls under subsection (b) of this section. The request may be filed with a registration for enforcement or registration for modification pursuant to Part VI of this subtitle, or may be filed as a separate proceeding.

A request to determine which is the controlling order must be accompanied by a copy of every child support order in effect and the applicable record of payments. The requesting party shall give notice of the request to each party whose rights may be affected by the determination.

The tribunal that issued the controlling order under subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section has continuing jurisdiction to the extent provided in § 10–308 or § 10–309 of this subtitle.

A tribunal of this State that determines by order the controlling child support order under subsection (b)(1) or (2) or (c) of this section or that issues a new controlling child support order under subsection (b)(3) of this section, shall include in that order:

Within 30 days after issuance of the order determining the controlling order, the party obtaining that order shall file a certified copy of it in each tribunal that had issued or registered an earlier order of child support. Failure of the party or support enforcement agency obtaining the order to file a certified copy as required subjects that party or support enforcement agency to appropriate sanctions by a tribunal in which the issue of failure to file arises, but that failure has no effect on the validity or enforceability of the controlling order.

An order that has been determined to be the controlling order, or a judgment for consolidated arrears of support and interest, if any, made pursuant to this section shall be recognized in proceedings under this subtitle.

A tribunal of this State issuing a spousal support order consistent with the law of this State has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction to modify the spousal support order throughout the existence of the support obligation.

A tribunal of this State may not modify a spousal support order issued by a tribunal of another state or foreign country if the state or foreign country has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over the spousal support order under the law of that state or foreign country.

A tribunal of this State that has continuing, exclusive jurisdiction over a spousal support order may serve as:

Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, Part III of this subtitle applies to all proceedings under this subtitle.

An individual or a support enforcement agency may initiate a proceeding authorized under this subtitle by filing a complaint in an initiating tribunal for forwarding to a responding tribunal or by filing a complaint or a comparable pleading directly in a tribunal of another state or foreign country which has or can obtain personal jurisdiction over the defendant.

apply the procedural and substantive law generally applicable to similar proceedings originating in this State and may exercise all powers and provide all remedies available in those proceedings; and

determine the duty of support and the amount payable in accordance with the law and support guidelines of this State.

Upon the filing of a complaint authorized by this subtitle, an initiating tribunal of this State shall forward the complaint and its accompanying documents:

If requested by the responding tribunal, a tribunal of this State shall issue a certificate or other document and make findings required by the law of the responding state. If the responding tribunal is in a foreign country, on request, the tribunal of this State shall specify the amount of support sought, convert that amount into the equivalent amount in the foreign currency under applicable official or market exchange rate as publicly reported, and provide any other documents necessary to satisfy the requirements of the responding foreign tribunal.

When a responding tribunal of this State receives a complaint or comparable pleading from an initiating tribunal or directly pursuant to § 10–313(b) of this subtitle, it shall cause the complaint or pleading to be filed and notify the plaintiff where and when it was filed.

A responding tribunal of this State, to the extent not prohibited by other law, may do one or more of the following:

A responding tribunal of this State shall include in a support order issued under this subtitle, or in the documents accompanying the order, the calculations on which the support order is based.

A responding tribunal of this State may not condition the payment of a support order issued under this subtitle upon compliance by a party with provisions for visitation.

If a responding tribunal of this State issues an order under this subtitle, the tribunal shall send a copy of the order to the plaintiff and the defendant and to the initiating tribunal, if any.

If requested to enforce a support order, arrears, or judgment or to modify a support order stated in a foreign currency, a responding tribunal of this State shall convert the amount stated in the foreign currency to the equivalent amount in dollars under the applicable official market exchange rate as publicly reported.

In a proceeding under this subtitle, a support enforcement agency of this State, on request:

A support enforcement agency of this State that is providing services to the plaintiff shall:

A support enforcement agency of this State that requests registration of a child support order in this State for enforcement or for modification shall make reasonable efforts to ensure that:

A support enforcement agency of this State that requests registration and enforcement of a support order, arrears, or judgment stated in a foreign currency shall convert the amount stated in the foreign currency into the equivalent amount in dollars under the applicable official market exchange rate as publicly reported.

A support enforcement agency of this State shall request a tribunal of this State to issue a child support order and an income withholding order that redirect payment of current support, arrears, and interest if requested to do so by a support enforcement agency of another state pursuant to § 10–331 of this subtitle.

This subtitle does not create a relationship of attorney and client or other fiduciary relationship between a support enforcement agency or the attorney for the agency and the individual being assisted by the agency. The attorney representing the support enforcement agency shall advise the person being assisted by the agency that the attorney’s representation of the Administration does not create an attorney–client relationship between the attorney and that person.

If the Attorney General determines that the support enforcement agency is neglecting or refusing to provide services to an individual, the Attorney General may order the agency to perform its duties under this subtitle or may provide those services directly to the individual.

The Attorney General may determine that a foreign country has established a reciprocal arrangement for child support with this State and take appropriate action for notification of the determination.

The Child Support Administration is the State information agency under this subtitle.

The State information agency shall:

In a proceeding under this subtitle, a plaintiff seeking to establish a support order, to determine parentage of a child, or to register and modify a support order of a tribunal of another state or a foreign country must file a complaint. Unless otherwise ordered under § 10–324 of this subtitle, the complaint or accompanying documents must provide, so far as known, the name, residential address, and Social Security numbers of the obligor and the obligee or the parent and alleged parent, and the name, sex, residential address, Social Security number, and date of birth of each child for whose benefit support is sought or whose parentage is to be determined. Unless filed at the time of registration, the complaint must be accompanied by a copy of any support order known to have been issued by another tribunal. The complaint may include any other information that may assist in locating or identifying the defendant.

The complaint must specify the relief sought. The complaint and accompanying documents must conform substantially with the requirements imposed by the forms mandated by federal law for use in cases filed by a support enforcement agency.

The plaintiff may not be required to pay a filing fee or other costs.

If an obligee prevails, a responding tribunal of this State may assess against an obligor filing fees, reasonable attorney’s fees, other costs, and necessary travel and other reasonable expenses incurred by the obligee and the obligee’s witnesses. The tribunal may not assess fees, costs, or expenses against the obligee or the support enforcement agency of either the initiating or the responding state or foreign country, except as provided by other law. Attorney’s fees may be taxed as costs, and may be ordered paid directly to the attorney, who may enforce the order in the attorney’s own name. Payment of support owed to the obligee has priority over fees, costs, and expenses.

The tribunal shall order the payment of costs and reasonable attorney’s fees if it determines that a hearing was requested primarily for delay. In a proceeding under Part VI of this subtitle a hearing is presumed to have been requested primarily for delay if a registered support order is confirmed or enforced without change.

Participation by a plaintiff in a proceeding under this subtitle before a responding tribunal, whether in person, by private attorney, or through services provided by the support enforcement agency, does not confer personal jurisdiction over the plaintiff in another proceeding.

A plaintiff is not amenable to service of civil process while physically present in this State to participate in a proceeding under this subtitle.

The immunity granted by this section does not extend to civil litigation based on acts unrelated to a proceeding under this subtitle committed by a party while present in this State to participate in the proceeding.

The physical presence of a nonresident party who is an individual in a tribunal of this State is not required for the establishment, enforcement, or modification of a support order or the rendition of a judgment determining parentage of a child.

An affidavit, a document substantially complying with federally mandated forms, or a document incorporated by reference in any of them, which would not be excluded under the hearsay rule if given in person, is admissible in evidence if given under penalty of perjury by a party or witness residing outside this State.

A copy of the record of child support payments certified as a true copy of the original by the custodian of the record may be forwarded to a responding tribunal. The copy is evidence of facts asserted in it, and is admissible to show whether payments were made.

Copies of bills for testing for parentage of a child, and for prenatal and postnatal health care of the mother and child, furnished to the adverse party at least 10 days before trial, are admissible in evidence to prove the amount of the charges billed and that the charges were reasonable, necessary, and customary.

Documentary evidence transmitted from outside this State to a tribunal of this State by telephone, telecopier, or other electronic means that do not provide an original record may not be excluded from evidence on an objection based on the means of transmission.

In a proceeding under this subtitle, a tribunal of this State shall permit a party or witness residing outside this State to be deposed or to testify under penalty of perjury by telephone, audiovisual means, or other electronic means at a designated tribunal or other location. A tribunal of this State shall cooperate with other tribunals in designating an appropriate location for the deposition or testimony.

If a party called to testify at a civil hearing refuses to answer on the ground that the testimony may be self–incriminating, the trier of fact may draw an adverse inference from the refusal.

Laws attaching a privilege against the disclosure of communications between spouses do not apply to proceedings under this subtitle.

The defense of immunity based on the relationship of husband and wife or parent and child does not apply in a proceeding under this subtitle.

A voluntary acknowledgment of paternity, certified as a true copy, is admissible to establish parentage of the child.

request a tribunal outside this State to assist in obtaining discovery; and

upon request, compel a person over which it has jurisdiction to respond to a discovery order issued by a tribunal outside this State.

A support enforcement agency or tribunal of this State shall disburse promptly any amounts received pursuant to a support order, as directed by the order. The agency or tribunal shall furnish to a requesting party or tribunal of another state or a foreign country a certified statement by the custodian of the record of the amounts and dates of all payments received.

If the obligor, the obligee who is an individual, and the child do not reside in this State, on request from the support enforcement agency of this State or another state, the support enforcement agency of this State or a tribunal of this State shall:

The support enforcement agency of this State receiving redirected payments from another state pursuant to a law similar to subsection (b) of this section shall furnish to a requesting party or tribunal of the other state a certified statement by the custodian of the record of the amount and dates of all payments received.

If a support order entitled to recognition under this subtitle has not been issued, a responding tribunal of this State with personal jurisdiction over the parties may issue a support order if:

The tribunal may issue a temporary child support order if the tribunal determines that such an order is appropriate and the individual ordered to pay is:

Upon finding, after notice and opportunity to be heard, that an obligor owes a duty of support, the tribunal shall issue a support order directed to the obligor and may issue other orders pursuant to § 10–317 of this subtitle.

Upon receipt of an income withholding order, the obligor’s employer shall immediately provide a copy of the order to the obligor.

The employer shall treat an income withholding order issued in another state which appears regular on its face as if it had been issued by a tribunal of this State.

Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section and § 10–335 of this subtitle, the employer shall withhold and distribute the funds as directed in the withholding order by complying with terms of the order which specify:

An employer shall comply with the law of the state of the obligor’s principal place of employment for withholding from income with respect to:

An obligor may contest the validity or enforcement of an income withholding order issued in another state and received directly by an employer in this State by registering the order in a tribunal of this State and filing a contest to that order as provided in Part VI of this subtitle, or otherwise contesting the order in the same manner as if the order had been issued by a tribunal of this State.

The obligor shall give notice of the contest to:

A party or support enforcement agency seeking to enforce a support order or an income withholding order, or both, issued in another state or a foreign support order may send the documents required for registering the order to a support enforcement agency of this State.

Upon receipt of the documents, the support enforcement agency, without initially seeking to register the order, shall consider and, if appropriate, use any administrative procedure authorized by the law of this State to enforce a support order or an income withholding order, or both. If the obligor does not contest administrative enforcement, the order need not be registered. If the obligor contests the validity or administrative enforcement of the order, the support enforcement agency shall register the order pursuant to this subtitle.

Except as otherwise provided in § 10–359 of this subtitle, a support order or income withholding order of another state or a foreign support order may be registered in this State by sending the following records to the appropriate tribunal in this State:

On receipt of a request for registration, the registering tribunal shall cause the order to be filed as an order of a tribunal of another state or a foreign support order, together with one copy of the documents and information, regardless of their form.

A complaint or comparable pleading seeking a remedy that must be affirmatively sought under other law of this State may be filed at the same time as the request for registration or later. The pleading must specify the grounds for the remedy sought.

If two or more orders are in effect, the person requesting registration shall:

A request for a determination of which is the controlling order may be filed separately or with a request for registration and enforcement or for registration and modification. The person requesting registration shall give notice of the request to each party whose rights may be affected by the determination.

A support order or income withholding order issued in another state or a foreign support order is registered when the order is filed in the registering tribunal of this State.

A registered support order issued in another state or a foreign country is enforceable in the same manner and is subject to the same procedures as an order issued by a tribunal of this State.

Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, a tribunal of this State shall recognize and enforce, but may not modify, a registered support order if the issuing tribunal had jurisdiction.

Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, the law of the issuing state or foreign country governs:

In a proceeding for arrears under a registered support order, the statute of limitation of this State or of the issuing state or foreign country, whichever is longer, applies.

A responding tribunal of this State shall apply the procedures and remedies of this State to enforce current support and collect arrears and interest due on a support order of another state or a foreign country registered in this State.

After a tribunal of this State or another state determines which is the controlling order and issues an order consolidating arrears, if any, a tribunal of this State shall prospectively apply the law of the state or foreign country issuing the controlling order, including its law on interest on arrears, on current and future support, and on consolidated arrears.

When a support order or income withholding order issued in another state or a foreign support order is registered, the registering tribunal of this State shall notify the nonregistering party. Notice must be given by first–class, certified, or registered mail or by any means of personal service authorized by the law of this State. The notice must be accompanied by a copy of the registered order and the documents and relevant information accompanying the order.

A notice must inform the nonregistering party:

If the registering party asserts that two or more orders are in effect, a notice must also:

Upon registration of an income withholding order for enforcement, the support enforcement agency or the registering tribunal shall notify the obligor’s employer pursuant to Subtitle 1 of this title.

A nonregistering party seeking to contest the validity or enforcement of a registered order in this State shall request a hearing within the time required by § 10–344 of this subtitle. The nonregistering party may seek to vacate the registration, to assert any defense to an allegation of noncompliance with the registered order, or to contest the remedies being sought or the amount of any alleged arrearages pursuant to § 10–346 of this subtitle.

If the nonregistering party fails to contest the validity or enforcement of the registered support order in a timely manner, the order is confirmed by operation of law.

If a nonregistering party requests a hearing to contest the validity or enforcement of the registered order, the registering tribunal shall schedule the matter for hearing and give notice to the parties of the date, time, and place of the hearing.

A party contesting the validity or enforcement of a registered support order or seeking to vacate the registration has the burden of proving one or more of the following defenses:

If a party presents evidence establishing a full or partial defense under subsection (a) of this section, a tribunal may stay enforcement of a registered support order, continue the proceeding to permit production of additional relevant evidence, and issue other appropriate orders. An uncontested portion of the registered support order may be enforced by all remedies available under the law of this State.

If the contesting party does not establish a defense under subsection (a) of this section to the validity or enforcement of a registered support order, the registering tribunal shall issue an order confirming the order.

If § 10–352 of this subtitle does not apply, on the filing of a complaint, a tribunal of this State may modify a child support order issued in another state that is registered in this State if, after notice and hearing, the tribunal finds that:

Modification of a registered child support order is subject to the same requirements, procedures, and defenses that apply to the modification of an order issued by a tribunal of this State, and the order may be enforced and satisfied in the same manner.

A tribunal of this State may not modify any provision of a child support order that may not be modified under the law of the issuing state, including the duration of the obligation of support. If two or more tribunals have issued child support orders for the same obligor and same child, the order that controls and must be so recognized under the provisions of § 10–310 of this subtitle establishes the provisions of the support order which are nonmodifiable.

In a proceeding to modify a child support order, the law of the state that is determined to have issued the initial controlling order governs the duration of the obligation of support. The obligor’s fulfillment of the duty of support established by that order precludes imposition of a further obligation of support by a tribunal of this State.

On issuance of an order by a tribunal of this State modifying a child support order issued in another state, the tribunal of this State becomes the tribunal of continuing, exclusive jurisdiction.

Notwithstanding subsection (a) through (e) of this section and § 10–304(b) of this subtitle, a tribunal of this State retains jurisdiction to modify an order issued by a tribunal of this State if:

may enforce its order that was modified only as to arrears and interest accruing before the modification;

may provide appropriate relief for violations of its order which occurred before the effective date of the modification; and

shall recognize the modifying order of the other state, upon registration, for the purpose of enforcement.

If all of the parties who are individuals reside in this State and the child does not reside in the issuing state, a tribunal of this State has jurisdiction to enforce and to modify the issuing state’s child support order in a proceeding to register that order.

A tribunal of this State exercising jurisdiction under this section shall apply the provisions of Parts I and II of this subtitle, this part, and the procedural and substantive law of this State to the proceeding for enforcement or modification. Parts III, IV, V, VII, and VIII of this subtitle do not apply.

Except as provided in § 10–364 of this subtitle, if a foreign country lacks or refuses to exercise jurisdiction to modify its child support order pursuant to its laws, a tribunal of this State may assume jurisdiction to modify the child support order and bind all individuals subject to the personal jurisdiction of the tribunal whether the consent to modification of a child support order otherwise required of the individual in accordance with § 10–350 of this subtitle has been given or whether the individual seeking modification is a resident of this State or of the foreign country.

An order issued by a tribunal of this State modifying a foreign child support order pursuant to this section is the controlling order.

A party or support enforcement agency seeking to modify, or to modify and enforce, a foreign child support order not under the Convention may register that order in this State under §§ 10–340 through 10–347 of this subtitle if the order has not been registered. A complaint for modification may be filed at the same time as a request for registration, or at another time.

The complaint shall specify the grounds for modification.

In this part the following words have the meanings indicated.

“Application” means a request under the Convention by an obligee or obligor, or on behalf of a child, made through a central authority for assistance from another central authority.

“Central authority” means the entity designated by the United States or a foreign country described in § 10–301(f)(4) of this subtitle to perform the functions specified in the Convention.

“Convention support order” means a support order of a tribunal of a foreign country described in § 10–301(f)(4) of this subtitle.

“Direct request” means a complaint filed by an individual in a tribunal of this State in a proceeding involving an obligee, obligor, or child residing outside the United States.

“Foreign central authority” means the entity designated by a foreign country described in § 10–301(f)(4) of this subtitle to perform the functions specified in the Convention.

“Foreign support agreement”:

“United States central authority” means the Secretary of the United States Department of Health and Human Services.

This part applies only to a support proceeding under the Convention.

In a support proceeding under the Convention, if a provision of this part is inconsistent with Parts I through VI of this subtitle, this part controls.

In a support proceeding under this part, the Child Support Administration of this State shall:

The following support proceedings are available to an obligee under the Convention:

The following support proceedings are available under the Convention to an obligor against which there is an existing support order:

A tribunal of this State may not require security, bond, or deposit, however described, to guarantee the payment of costs and expenses in proceedings under the Convention.

A plaintiff may file a direct request seeking establishment or modification of a support order or determination of parentage of a child. In the proceeding, the law of this State applies.

A plaintiff may file a direct request seeking recognition and enforcement of a support order or support agreement. In the proceeding, §§ 10–359 through 10–366 of this subtitle apply.

In a direct request for recognition and enforcement of a Convention support order or foreign support agreement:

A plaintiff filing a direct request is not entitled to assistance from the Administration.

This part does not prevent the application of laws of this State that provide simplified, more expeditious rules regarding a direct request for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support order or foreign support agreement.

Except as otherwise provided in this part, a party who is an individual or a support enforcement agency seeking recognition of a Convention support order shall register the order in this State as provided in Part VI of this subtitle.

Notwithstanding §§ 10–323 and 10–341(a) of this subtitle, a request for registration of a Convention support order shall be accompanied by:

A request for registration of a Convention support order may seek recognition and partial enforcement of the order.

A tribunal of this State may vacate the registration of a Convention support order without the filing of a contest under § 10–360 of this subtitle only if, acting on its own motion, the tribunal finds that recognition and enforcement of the order would be manifestly incompatible with public policy.

The tribunal shall promptly notify the parties of the registration or the order vacating the registration of a Convention support order.

Except as otherwise provided in this part, §§ 10–344 through 10–347 of this subtitle apply to a contest of a registered Convention support order.

A party contesting a registered Convention support order shall file a contest not later than 30 days after notice of the registration, except that if the contesting party does not reside in the United States, the contest must be filed not later than 60 days after notice of the registration.

If the nonregistering party fails to contest the registered Convention support order by the time specified in subsection (b) of this section, the order is enforceable.

In a contest of a registered Convention support order, a tribunal of this State:

A tribunal of this State deciding a contest of a registered Convention support order shall promptly notify the parties of its decision.

A challenge or appeal, if any, does not stay the enforcement of a Convention support order unless there are exceptional circumstances.

Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, a tribunal of this State shall recognize and enforce a registered Convention support order.

The following grounds are the only grounds on which a tribunal of this State may refuse recognition and enforcement of a registered Convention support order:

If a tribunal of this State does not recognize a Convention support order under subsection (b)(2), (4), or (9) of this section:

If a tribunal of this State does not recognize and enforce a Convention support order in its entirety, it shall enforce any severable part of the order.

An application or direct request may seek recognition and partial enforcement of a Convention support order.

Except as otherwise provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, a tribunal of this State shall recognize and enforce a foreign support agreement registered in this State.

An application or direct request for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support agreement must be accompanied by:

A tribunal of this State may vacate the registration of a foreign support agreement only if, acting on its own motion, the tribunal finds that recognition and enforcement would be manifestly incompatible with public policy.

In a contest of a foreign support agreement, a tribunal of this State may refuse recognition and enforcement of the agreement if it finds:

A proceeding for recognition and enforcement of a foreign support agreement shall be suspended during the pendency of a challenge to or appeal of the agreement before a tribunal of another state or a foreign country.

A tribunal of this State may not modify a Convention child support order if the obligee remains a resident of the foreign country where the support order was issued unless:

If a tribunal of this State does not modify a Convention child support order because the order is not recognized in this State, § 10–361(c) of this subtitle applies.

For purposes of this Part VIII, “governor” includes an individual performing the functions of governor or the executive authority of a state covered by this subtitle.

The Governor of this State may:

A provision for extradition of individuals not inconsistent with this subtitle applies to the demand even if the individual whose surrender is demanded was not in the demanding state when the crime was allegedly committed and has not fled therefrom.

Before making a demand that the governor of another state surrender an individual charged criminally in this State with having failed to provide for the support of an obligee, the Governor of this State may require a prosecutor of this State to demonstrate that at least 60 days previously the obligee had initiated proceedings for support pursuant to this subtitle or that the proceeding would be of no avail.

If, under this subtitle or a law substantially similar to this subtitle, the governor of another state makes a demand that the Governor of this State surrender an individual charged criminally in that state with having failed to provide for the support of a child or other individual to whom a duty of support is owed, the Governor may require a prosecutor to investigate the demand and report whether a proceeding for support has been initiated or would be effective. If it appears that a proceeding would be effective but has not been initiated, the Governor may delay honoring the demand for a reasonable time to permit the initiation of a proceeding.

If a proceeding for support has been initiated and the individual whose rendition is demanded prevails, the Governor may decline to honor the demand. If the plaintiff prevails and the individual whose rendition is demanded is subject to a support order, the Governor may decline to honor the demand if the individual is complying with the support order.