<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<subtitle article="gfl" title_number="4" subtitle_number="3" title_name="Spouses" subtitle_name="Spouses' Liabilities">
  <section article="gfl" article_name="Family Law" number="4-301" title_number="4" title_name="Spouses" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Spouses' Liabilities">
    <level label="a">
      <level label="1">
        <text>An individual is not liable for:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>any debt contracted by the individual’s spouse before the marriage; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>any claim or demand against the spouse that arose before the marriage.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>The debtor spouse and that spouse’s property are liable for the debt as if the marriage had not occurred.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="b">
      <text>A husband is not liable:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>for a tort that is committed:</text>
        <level label="i">
          <text>separately by his wife; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>without his participation or sanction; or</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>on a contract made by his wife in her own name and on her own responsibility.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="c">
      <text>A judgment or decree in a proceeding under § 4-205(b) of this title shall:</text>
      <level label="1">
        <text>be passed against the wife only; and</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <text>operate only on the property she owned individually before or after the marriage.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="d">
      <level label="1">
        <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the property that a woman owns at the time of her marriage, or acquires after her marriage, is not liable for the payment of her husband’s debts.</text>
      </level>
      <level label="2">
        <level label="i">
          <text>A transfer of property between spouses is invalid if made in prejudice of the rights of present creditors.</text>
        </level>
        <level label="ii">
          <text>A claim under this paragraph shall be asserted within 3 years after the transfer or be barred absolutely.</text>
        </level>
        <level label="iii">
          <text>For purposes of this paragraph, all claims are considered due and matured.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
  </section>
</subtitle>