Family Law (GFL) — Title 5. Children
Statutes in effect as of October 1, 2026.
Subtitle 1. Definitions
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-101 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 1. Definitions
§ 5–101LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this title the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Adoptive parent” means an individual who completes adoption of another individual.
(c)
“Child placement agency” means:
(1)
a local department; or
(2)
a private agency that is licensed by the Social Services Administration of the Department under § 5–507 of this title, or by a comparable governmental unit of another state, to place children.
(d)
“Crime of violence”:
(1)
has the meaning stated in § 14–101 of the Criminal Law Article; or
(2)
as to a crime committed in another state, means a crime that, if committed in this State, would be a crime of violence as defined in § 14–101 of the Criminal Law Article.
(e)
“Department” means the State Department of Human Services.
(f)
“Disability” means:
(1)
alcohol dependence, as defined in § 8–101 of the Health – General Article;
(2)
drug dependence, as defined in § 8–101 of the Health – General Article;
(3)
a mental disorder, as defined in § 10–101 of the Health – General Article; or
(4)
intellectual disability, as defined in § 7–101 of the Health – General Article.
Subtitle 2. Parent and Child
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-201 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2. Parent and Child
§ 5–201LinkCopy Citation
This subtitle does not affect any law that relates to the appointment of a third person as guardian of the person of a minor child because:
(1)
the child’s parents are unsuitable; or
(2)
the child’s interest would be affected adversely if the child remains under the natural guardianship of either of the child’s parents.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-202 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2. Parent and Child
§ 5–202LinkCopy Citation
When a criminal or equity court of this State annuls a marriage, or when an equity court of this State decrees an absolute divorce for a reason that makes the marriage void ab initio, the court in the decree shall declare each child of the marriage to be a legitimate child of the parties to the marriage.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-203 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2. Parent and Child
§ 5–203LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
The parents are the joint natural guardians of their minor child.
(2)
A parent is the sole natural guardian of the minor child if the other parent:
(i)
dies;
(ii)
abandons the family; or
(iii)
is incapable of acting as a parent.
(b)
The parents of a minor child, as defined in § 1–103 of the General Provisions Article:
(1)
are jointly and severally responsible for the child’s support, care, nurture, welfare, and education; and
(2)
have the same powers and duties in relation to the child.
(c)
If one or both parents of a minor child is an unemancipated minor, the parents of that minor parent are jointly and severally responsible for any child support for a grandchild that is a recipient of temporary cash assistance to the extent that the minor parent has insufficient financial resources to fulfill the child support responsibility of the minor parent.
(d)
(1)
If the parents live apart, a court may award custody of a minor child to either parent or joint custody to both parents.
(2)
Neither parent is presumed to have any right to custody that is superior to the right of the other parent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-204 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2. Parent and Child
§ 5–204LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
If a minor child has only 1 parent, the domicile of the child is the same as that of the parent.
(2)
If the parents of a minor child live together, and the child lives with them, the domicile of the child is the same as that of the parents.
(b)
If the parents of a minor child live apart, the domicile of the child is the same as that of:
(1)
the parent to whom custody is awarded; or
(2)
if custody has not been awarded, the parent with whom the child lives.
(c)
If a minor child does not live with either parent, the domicile of the child is the same as that of the person who acts in the capacity of a parent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-205 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2. Parent and Child
§ 5–205LinkCopy Citation
One parent, to the exclusion of the other parent, is entitled to the services and earnings of a minor child if:
(1)
that parent has been awarded custody of the child; or
(2)
the other parent has abandoned the child or is dead.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-206 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2. Parent and Child
§ 5–206LinkCopy Citation
(a)
One parent, to the exclusion of the other parent, may sue for the loss of services and earnings of the parent’s minor child if:
(1)
the loss was caused by:
(i)
the seduction of the child; or
(ii)
an injury wrongfully or negligently inflicted on the child; and
(2)
that parent has been awarded custody of the child or the other parent has abandoned the child or is dead.
(b)
This section does not affect any provision of the Maryland Workers’ Compensation Act.
Subtitle 2A. Authorization for a Minor to Marry
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-2A-01 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2A. Authorization for a Minor to Marry
§ 5–2A-01LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A minor who is 17 years old may file a petition in the minor’s own name for authorization to marry in the circuit court for the county in which the minor resides.
(b)
A petition for authorization to marry shall contain the following:
(1)
the petitioner’s full name, gender, date of birth, and address, including the length of time the petitioner has resided at the address;
(2)
the intended spouse’s full name, gender, date of birth, and address, including the length of time the intended spouse has resided at the address;
(3)
a statement explaining how the parties met and how long they have known each other;
(4)
a copy of any criminal records concerning either party and a copy of any peace order or protective order issued against either party;
(5)
evidence that the minor is mature and capable of self–sufficiency and self–support independent of the minor’s parents, guardian, legal custodian, or intended spouse; and
(6)
the name and last known address of each living parent, guardian, or legal custodian of the petitioner.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-2A-02 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2A. Authorization for a Minor to Marry
§ 5–2A-02LinkCopy Citation
On the filing of a petition for authorization to marry, a court shall:
(1)
appoint a lawyer with family law experience to represent the petitioner;
(2)
set an evidentiary hearing on the petition;
(3)
provide the minor with the following:
(i)
information on the rights and responsibilities of:
(1)
a minor granted authorization to marry under this subtitle, including the right to divorce; and
(2)
parties to a marriage;
(ii)
referral information for legal aid agencies;
(iii)
information on State and national hotlines for child abuse, domestic violence, sexual assault, and human trafficking; and
(iv)
information related to impacts and outcomes of child marriage in the United States; and
(4)
notify each living parent, guardian, or legal custodian whom the court is able to locate of their right to support or oppose the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-2A-03 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2A. Authorization for a Minor to Marry
§ 5–2A-03LinkCopy Citation
(a)
At the hearing, the court shall conduct an in camera interview of the petitioner separate from the petitioner’s parents, guardians, or legal custodians and intended spouse.
(b)
(1)
Neither the wishes of the parents, guardians, or legal custodians of the petitioner nor the fact that the petitioner or the intended spouse of the petitioner is pregnant is sufficient evidence to determine that marriage is in the best interest of the petitioner.
(2)
There is a rebuttable presumption that marriage is not in the best interests of the petitioner if all the parents, guardians, or legal custodians of the petitioner oppose the petition.
(c)
Subject to subsection (e) of this section, after a hearing, a court may issue an order granting authorization to marry if the court makes written findings that:
(1)
the petitioner is at least 17 years old;
(2)
the petitioner seeks to marry voluntarily and free from force, coercion, and fraud; and
(3)
the petitioner is mature and capable of self–sufficiency and self–support.
(d)
A court may deny a petition for the authorization to marry if the court makes a written finding that marriage is not in the best interest of the petitioner.
(e)
A court may not issue an order granting authorization to marry under this section if the court determines that:
(1)
the intended spouse of the petitioner:
(i)
at any time has been in a position of authority over the petitioner or in a position of special trust with the petitioner or has had a professional relationship with the petitioner; or
(ii)
has been convicted or adjudicated delinquent for:
(1)
any crime against a minor;
(2)
a crime of violence under § 14–101 of the Criminal Law Article;
(3)
a sexual crime under Title 3, Subtitle 3 of the Criminal Law Article; or
(4)
human trafficking under Title 3, Subtitle 11 of the Criminal Law Article;
(2)
one party is pregnant or has a child with the other party that evidences that the petitioner was the victim of a sexual crime committed by the intended spouse; or
(3)
a protective order or peace order was issued against the intended spouse of the petitioner, regardless of whether the petitioner was the person to be protected.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-2A-04 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2A. Authorization for a Minor to Marry
§ 5–2A-04LinkCopy Citation
On the issuance of an order granting authorization to marry, the clerk of the court shall provide a certified copy of the order to the petitioner.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-2A-05 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2A. Authorization for a Minor to Marry
§ 5–2A-05LinkCopy Citation
A minor who is married:
(1)
may file an action for divorce under Title 7 of this article; and
(2)
shall be deemed emancipated for the limited purpose of obtaining a divorce.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-2A-06 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 2A. Authorization for a Minor to Marry
§ 5–2A-06LinkCopy Citation
The Supreme Court of Maryland may adopt rules to implement the provisions of this subtitle.
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-301 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–301LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Caregiver” means a person with whom a child resides and who exercises responsibility for the welfare of the child.
(c)
“Child” means an individual who is the subject of a guardianship or adoption petition under this subtitle.
(d)
“Developmental disability” has the meaning stated in § 3–801 of the Courts Article.
(e)
“Guardianship” means an award, under this subtitle, of any power of a guardian.
(f)
“Identifying information” means information that reveals the identity or location of an individual.
(g)
(1)
“Parent” means an individual who, at the time a petition for guardianship is filed under this subtitle or at any time before a court terminates the individual’s parental rights:
(i)
meets a criterion in § 5–306(a) of this subtitle; or
(ii)
is the mother.
(2)
“Parent” does not include an individual whom a court has adjudicated not to be a father or mother of a child.
(h)
“Party” means:
(1)
in a guardianship case under this subtitle:
(i)
the child;
(ii)
except as provided in § 5–326(a)(3)(iii) of this subtitle, the child’s parent; and
(iii)
the local department to which the child is committed;
(2)
in an adoption case under Part III of this subtitle:
(i)
the child;
(ii)
the child’s parent; and
(iii)
the individual seeking adoption;
(3)
in an adoption case under Part IV of this subtitle:
(i)
the child; and
(ii)
the individual seeking adoption; and
(4)
if express reference is made to a CINA case, a governmental unit or person defined as a party in § 3–801 of the Courts Article.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-302 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–302LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This subtitle applies only to:
(1)
guardianship of an individual who is committed to a local department as a child in need of assistance;
(2)
adoption of an individual who is committed to a local department as a child in need of assistance, without prior termination of parental rights as to the individual; and
(3)
adoption of an individual under guardianship under this subtitle.
(b)
This subtitle:
(1)
does not apply to a guardianship case filed on or before December 31, 2005, until guardianship is granted; and
(2)
unless otherwise specified, does not apply to an adoption case filed on or before December 31, 2005.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-303 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–303LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The General Assembly finds that the policies and procedures of this subtitle are desirable and socially necessary.
(b)
The purposes of this subtitle are to:
(1)
timely provide permanent and safe homes for children consistent with their best interests;
(2)
protect children from unnecessary separation from their parents;
(3)
ensure adoption only by individuals fit for the responsibility;
(4)
protect parents from making hurried or ill-considered agreements to terminate parental rights;
(5)
protect prospective adoptive parents by giving them information about children and their backgrounds; and
(6)
protect adoptive parents from future disturbances of their relationships with children by former parents.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-304 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–304LinkCopy Citation
This subtitle is related to and should be read in relation to Subtitle 5 of this title.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-305 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–305LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “order” includes any action that, under the laws of another jurisdiction, has the force and effect of a comparable judicial order under this subtitle.
(b)
In accordance with the United States Constitution, this State shall accord full faith and credit to:
(1)
an order of another state as to adoption or guardianship in compliance with the other state’s laws; and
(2)
termination of parental rights in compliance with the other state’s laws.
(c)
As to a jurisdiction other than a state:
(1)
an order for adoption or guardianship entered in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws shall have the same legal effect as an order for adoption or guardianship entered in this State; and
(2)
termination of parental rights in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws shall have the same legal effect as termination of parental rights in this State.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-306 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–306LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Unless a court excludes a man as the father of a child, a man is the father if:
(1)
the man was married to the child’s mother at the time of the child’s conception;
(2)
the man was married to the child’s mother at the time of the child’s birth;
(3)
the man is named as the father on the child’s birth certificate and has not signed a denial of paternity;
(4)
the child’s mother has named the man as the child’s father and the man has not signed a denial of paternity;
(5)
the man has been adjudicated to be the child’s father;
(6)
the man has acknowledged himself, orally or in writing, to be the child’s father and the mother agrees; or
(7)
on the basis of genetic testing, the man is indicated to be the child’s biological father.
(b)
(1)
A petitioner under Part II or Part III of this subtitle shall give a juvenile court notice that a man who is not named in the petition and has not been excluded as a father claims paternity.
(2)
After a request of a party or claimant and before ruling on a petition under Part II or Part III of this subtitle, a juvenile court shall hold a hearing on the issue of paternity.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-307 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–307LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Unless the public defender is required under § 16–204 of the Criminal Procedure Article to provide representation, in a case under Part II or Part III of this subtitle, a juvenile court shall appoint an attorney to represent a parent who:
(i)
has a disability that makes the parent incapable of effectively participating in the case; or
(ii)
when a petition for guardianship or adoption is filed or consent to guardianship or adoption is given, is a minor.
(2)
To determine whether a disability makes a parent incapable of effectively participating in a case, a juvenile court, on its own motion or motion of a party, may order examination of the parent.
(b)
(1)
In accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection, in a case under this subtitle, a juvenile court shall appoint an attorney to represent a child.
(2)
Unless a juvenile court finds that it is not in a child’s best interests, the juvenile court:
(i)
if the attorney who currently represents the child in a pending CINA case or guardianship case is under contract with the Department to provide services under this subsection, shall appoint that attorney; and
(ii)
if the attorney who currently represents the child is not under contract with the Department, shall strike the appearance of that attorney.
(c)
An attorney or firm may represent more than one party in a case under this subtitle only if the Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional Conduct allow.
(d)
An attorney appointed under this section may be compensated for reasonable fees, as approved by a juvenile court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-308 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–308LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A prospective adoptive parent and parent of a prospective adoptee under this subtitle may enter into a written agreement to allow contact, after the adoption, between:
(i)
the parent or other relative of the adoptee; and
(ii)
the adoptee or adoptive parent.
(2)
An adoptive parent and former parent of an adoptee under this subtitle may enter into a written agreement to allow contact between:
(i)
a relative or former parent of the adoptee; and
(ii)
the adoptee or adoptive parent.
(b)
An agreement made under this section applies to contact with an adoptee only while the adoptee is a minor.
(c)
An individual who prepares an agreement described in subsection (a)(1) of this section:
(1)
shall provide a copy to each party in a case pending as to the prospective adoptee under this subtitle or in a CINA case pending as to the prospective adoptee; and
(2)
if the agreement so provides, shall redact identifying information from the copies.
(d)
Failure to comply with a condition of an agreement made under this section is not a ground for revoking consent to, or setting aside an order for, an adoption or guardianship.
(e)
If a dispute as to an agreement made under this section arises, a court may refer the parties to mediation to try to resolve the dispute.
(f)
(1)
A juvenile court or other court of competent jurisdiction shall enforce a written agreement made in accordance with this section unless enforcement is not in the adoptee’s best interests.
(2)
If a party moves in juvenile court or another court of competent jurisdiction to modify a written agreement made in accordance with this section and satisfies the court that modification is justified because an exceptional circumstance has arisen and the court finds modification to be in an adoptee’s best interests, the court may modify the agreement.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-309 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–309LinkCopy Citation
A juvenile court may assign counsel fees and costs among the parties to a case as the juvenile court considers appropriate and the parties’ economic situations allow.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-310 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–310LinkCopy Citation
A party to a case under this subtitle may appeal to the Appellate Court of Maryland:
(1)
in an interlocutory appeal, from a denial of the right to participate in a guardianship case before entry of an order for guardianship;
(2)
in an interlocutory appeal, from a denial of the right to participate in an adoption case under Part III of this subtitle; or
(3)
from a final order.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-313 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–313LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as provided in § 5-331 of this subtitle, a petition for guardianship shall precede a petition for adoption under this subtitle.
(b)
Only the individual who would be subject to guardianship or a local department may file a petition for guardianship under this Part II of this subtitle.
(c)
A petition for guardianship of an individual shall be filed before the individual attains 18 years of age.
(d)
A petitioner under this section shall attach to a petition:
(1)
all written consents for the guardianship that the petitioner has;
(2)
if applicable:
(i)
proof of guardianship or relinquishment of parental rights granted by an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction; and
(ii)
certification that the guardianship or relinquishment was granted in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws; and
(3)
a notice of filing that:
(i)
states the date on which the petition was filed;
(ii)
identifies each person whose consent was filed with the petition;
(iii)
states the obligation of a parent to give the juvenile court and local department notice of each change in the parent’s address;
(iv)
has printed on it the website that the Department maintains under § 2–302 of the Human Services Article; and
(v)
includes no identifying information that would be in violation of an agreement or consent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-314 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–314LinkCopy Citation
A clerk of a juvenile court shall keep a listing of each address given to the juvenile court for a parent under this Part II of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-315 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–315LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Within 5 days after a petition for guardianship of a child is filed with a juvenile court, the clerk shall send a copy of the petition, with the notice of filing that was attached to the petition, to:
(1)
the local department;
(2)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice;
(3)
each living parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(4)
the child’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(b)
Notice under this section shall be by first-class mail.
(c)
Notice under this section shall be sent to a parent’s last address known to the juvenile court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-316 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–316LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Promptly after a petition for guardianship is filed under this Part II of this subtitle, a juvenile court shall issue a show–cause order that requires the party to whom it is issued to respond as required under the Maryland Rules.
(b)
On issuance of a show–cause order as to guardianship of a child, a petitioner shall serve the order on:
(1)
each of the child’s living parents who has not consented to the guardianship;
(2)
each living parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(3)
the child’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(c)
Service under this section shall be:
(1)
on a parent, by:
(i)
personal service; or
(ii)
certified mail, restricted delivery, return receipt requested; and
(2)
on an attorney, by:
(i)
personal service; or
(ii)
certified mail, return receipt requested.
(d)
(1)
Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, service on a parent under this section shall be attempted at:
(i)
each address in records of a juvenile court kept under § 3–822 of the Courts Article within the 270 days immediately preceding the filing of the petition for guardianship;
(ii)
each address in records of, or known to, the local department within the 270 days immediately preceding the filing of the petition for guardianship;
(iii)
the last address in records of a child support agency; and
(iv)
each other address provided by the child’s caregiver.
(2)
If a local department has proof that a parent does not live at an address, the local department need not attempt service there.
(e)
(1)
If a juvenile court never notified a parent of the requirements of § 3–822 of the Courts Article and a petitioner cannot serve the parent at any of the addresses listed in subsection (d) of this section, the petitioner shall make a reasonable, good faith effort to identify an address for the parent and serve the parent at that address.
(2)
A juvenile court shall find that a petitioner has met the requirements of paragraph (1) of this subsection if the petitioner shows, by affidavit or testimony, that the petitioner made inquiries after or within the 180 days immediately preceding the filing of the petition for guardianship:
(i)
with the Motor Vehicle Administration;
(ii)
with the Department;
(iii)
with the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services, including its Division of Parole and Probation;
(iv)
with the detention center of the county where the petition is filed;
(v)
with the juvenile court;
(vi)
if the local department is aware that the parent has received benefits from a particular social services entity within the 180 days immediately preceding the filing of the petition, with that entity;
(vii)
if the local department is aware that the parent has been confined in a particular detention facility within the 180 days immediately preceding the filing of the petition, with that facility;
(viii)
with the child’s caregiver;
(ix)
if the petitioner is able to contact the child’s other parent, with that parent;
(x)
if the petitioner is able to contact known members of the parent’s immediate family, with those members; and
(xi)
if the petitioner is able to contact the parent’s current or last known employer, with that employer.
(3)
A juvenile court shall consider an inquiry under this subsection sufficient if made by searching the computer files of, or making an inquiry by first–class mail to, a governmental unit or person listed in this subsection.
(4)
A juvenile court shall consider failure to receive a response within 30 days after the petitioner mails an inquiry under this subsection to be a negative response to the inquiry.
(f)
(1)
If a juvenile court is satisfied, by affidavit or testimony, that a petitioner met the requirements of subsection (d) and, if applicable, subsection (e) of this section but could not effect service on a parent, the juvenile court shall order service through notice by publication as to that parent.
(2)
Notice under this subsection shall consist of substantially the following statement:
To: (Father’s name) To: (Mother’s name) To: Unknown parent
“You are hereby notified that a guardianship case has been filed in the Circuit Court for (county name), Case No. (number). All persons who believe themselves to be parents of a (male or female) child born on (date of birth) in (city, state) to (mother’s and father’s names and dates of birth) shall file a written response. A copy of the show–cause order may be obtained from the juvenile clerk’s office at (address) and (telephone number). If you do not file a written objection by (deadline), you will have agreed to the permanent loss of your parental rights to this child.”
(3)
Service under this subsection shall be by:
(i)
publication at least once in one or more newspapers in general circulation in the county where the parent last resided or, if unknown, where the petition is filed; and
(ii)
posting for at least 30 days on a website of the Department.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-317 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–317LinkCopy Citation
In addition to any investigation required under § 5-323(c) of this subtitle, a juvenile court may order a neutral governmental unit or neutral person to carry out any investigation that the juvenile court considers necessary to determine a child’s best interests in ruling on a petition for guardianship.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-318 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–318LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In addition to any hearing required under this subsection or § 5-306(b)(2) of this subtitle, a juvenile court may hold a hearing before entering a guardianship order under § 5-320(a)(1) of this subtitle or otherwise ruling on a guardianship petition.
(2)
If a party becomes aware, before a juvenile court rules on a guardianship petition, that a condition of consent under § 5-320(b) of this subtitle may not be fulfilled:
(i)
the party promptly shall:
(1)
file notice with the juvenile court;
(2)
give notice to all of the other parties; and
(3)
if consent was received from a governmental unit or person who is not a party, give notice to that unit or person;
(ii)
the juvenile court shall schedule a hearing to occur within 30 days after the filing of the notice; and
(iii)
if the party, unit, or person whose condition cannot be fulfilled fails to enter into a new consent, the juvenile court shall set the case in for a prompt trial on the merits of the petition.
(b)
Before a juvenile court grants guardianship under § 5-320(a)(2) of this subtitle, the juvenile court shall hold a trial on the merits of the petition.
(c)
Before a trial or other hearing under this section, a juvenile court shall give notice to all of the parties.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-319 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–319LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a juvenile court shall rule on a guardianship petition:
(1)
within 180 days after the petition is filed; and
(2)
within 45 days after the earlier of:
(i)
receipt of all of the consents required under this Part II of this subtitle; or
(ii)
trial on the merits.
(b)
A juvenile court may not enter an order for guardianship of a child under this subtitle before the later of:
(1)
30 days after the birth of the child;
(2)
expiration of the time set for revocation of consent, and not waived, under § 5–321(c) of this subtitle; or
(3)
expiration of the time to respond to the show–cause order issued under § 5–316 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-320 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–320LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A juvenile court may grant guardianship of a child only if:
(1)
(i)
the child does not object;
(ii)
the local department:
(1)
filed the petition; or
(2)
did not object to another party filing the petition; and
(iii)
(1)
each of the child’s living parents consents:
(A)
in writing;
(B)
knowingly and voluntarily, on the record before the juvenile court; or
(C)
by failure to file a timely notice of objection after being served with a show–cause order in accordance with this subtitle;
(2)
an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction has granted a governmental unit or person other than a parent the power to consent to adoption, and the unit or person consents; or
(3)
parental rights have been terminated in compliance with the laws of a state or other jurisdiction, as described in § 5–305 of this subtitle; or
(2)
in accordance with § 5–323 of this subtitle, the juvenile court finds termination of parental rights to be in the child’s best interests without consent otherwise required under this section or over the child’s objection.
(b)
A governmental unit or person:
(1)
may condition consent or acquiescence on adoption into a specific family that a local department approves for the placement; but
(2)
may not condition consent or acquiescence on any factor other than placement into a specific family.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-321 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–321LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Consent of a parent to guardianship may include a waiver of the right to notice of:
(i)
the filing of a petition under this subtitle; and
(ii)
a hearing under this subtitle.
(2)
Consent to guardianship entered into before a judge on the record shall include a waiver of a revocation period.
(3)
Consent of a party to guardianship is not valid unless:
(i)
the consent is given in a language that the party understands;
(ii)
if given in a language other than English, the consent:
(1)
is given before a judge on the record; or
(2)
is accompanied by the affidavit of a translator stating that the translation of the document of consent is accurate;
(iii)
the party has received written notice or on–the–record notice before a judge of:
(1)
the revocation provisions in subsections (a)(2) and (c)(1) of this section;
(2)
the search rights of adoptees and parents under § 5–359 of this subtitle and the search rights of adoptees, parents, and siblings under Subtitle 4B of this title; and
(3)
the right to file a disclosure veto under § 5–359 of this subtitle;
(iv)
if signed after counsel enters an appearance for a parent, the consent is accompanied by an affidavit of counsel stating that:
(1)
counsel reviewed the consent with the parent; and
(2)
the parent consents knowingly and voluntarily; and
(v)
the consent is accompanied by an affidavit of counsel appointed under § 5–307(a) of this subtitle stating that a parent who is a minor or has a disability consents knowingly and voluntarily.
(b)
(1)
Whenever a local department receives consent to guardianship of an individual before a guardianship petition is filed, the local department promptly shall:
(i)
file the consent in the individual’s CINA case; and
(ii)
serve a copy of the consent on:
(1)
each living parent of the individual;
(2)
the parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(3)
the individual’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(2)
Whenever a party obtains consent to guardianship after a guardianship petition is filed, the party promptly shall:
(i)
file the consent with the juvenile court in which the petition is pending; and
(ii)
serve a copy of the consent on each other party.
(c)
(1)
Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may revoke consent to guardianship any time within the later of:
(i)
30 days after the person signs the consent; or
(ii)
30 days after the consent is filed as required under this section.
(2)
Consent to guardianship under subsection (a)(2) of this section is irrevocable.
(d)
If, at any time before a juvenile court enters an order for adoption of a child, the juvenile court finds that a condition of consent to guardianship will not be fulfilled, the consent or acquiescence becomes invalid.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-322 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–322LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If all consents for guardianship of a child have been given in accordance with this subtitle and the child has not objected, a juvenile court may enter an order for guardianship.
(b)
(1)
Within 5 days after entry of an order under this section, a juvenile court shall give notice of the order to:
(i)
each party or, if represented, counsel;
(ii)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice;
(iii)
each living parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(iv)
the child’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(2)
Notice under this subsection shall be by first-class mail.
(3)
Notice to a party under this subsection shall be sent to the party’s last address known to the juvenile court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-323 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–323LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “drug” means cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine, or a derivative of cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine.
(b)
If, after consideration of factors as required in this section, a juvenile court finds by clear and convincing evidence that a parent is unfit to remain in a parental relationship with the child or that exceptional circumstances exist that would make a continuation of the parental relationship detrimental to the best interests of the child such that terminating the rights of the parent is in a child’s best interests, the juvenile court may grant guardianship of the child without consent otherwise required under this subtitle and over the child’s objection.
(c)
A juvenile court need not consider any factor listed in subsection (d) of this section in determining a child’s best interests if, after a thorough investigation by a local department, the juvenile court finds that:
(1)
the identities of the child’s parents are unknown; and
(2)
during the 60 days immediately after the child’s adjudication as a child in need of assistance, no one has claimed to be the child’s parent.
(d)
Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, in ruling on a petition for guardianship of a child, a juvenile court shall give primary consideration to the health and safety of the child and consideration to all other factors needed to determine whether terminating a parent’s rights is in the child’s best interests, including:
(1)
(i)
all services offered to the parent before the child’s placement, whether offered by a local department, another agency, or a professional;
(ii)
the extent, nature, and timeliness of services offered by a local department to facilitate reunion of the child and parent; and
(iii)
the extent to which a local department and parent have fulfilled their obligations under a social services agreement, if any;
(2)
the results of the parent’s effort to adjust the parent’s circumstances, condition, or conduct to make it in the child’s best interests for the child to be returned to the parent’s home, including:
(i)
the extent to which the parent has maintained regular contact with:
(1)
the child;
(2)
the local department to which the child is committed; and
(3)
if feasible, the child’s caregiver;
(ii)
the parent’s contribution to a reasonable part of the child’s care and support, if the parent is financially able to do so;
(iii)
the existence of a parental disability that makes the parent consistently unable to care for the child’s immediate and ongoing physical or psychological needs for long periods of time; and
(iv)
whether additional services would be likely to bring about a lasting parental adjustment so that the child could be returned to the parent within an ascertainable time not to exceed 18 months from the date of placement unless the juvenile court makes a specific finding that it is in the child’s best interests to extend the time for a specified period;
(3)
whether:
(i)
the parent has abused or neglected the child or a minor and the seriousness of the abuse or neglect;
(ii)
(1)
(A)
on admission to a hospital for the child’s delivery, the mother tested positive for a drug as evidenced by a positive toxicology test; or
(B)
upon the birth of the child, the child tested positive for a drug as evidenced by a positive toxicology test; and
(2)
the mother refused the level of drug treatment recommended by a qualified addictions specialist, as defined in § 5–1201 of this title, or by a physician or psychologist, as defined in the Health Occupations Article;
(iii)
the parent subjected the child to:
(1)
chronic abuse;
(2)
chronic and life–threatening neglect;
(3)
sexual abuse; or
(4)
torture;
(iv)
the parent has been convicted, in any state or any court of the United States, of:
(1)
a crime of violence against:
(A)
a minor offspring of the parent;
(B)
the child; or
(C)
another parent of the child; or
(2)
aiding or abetting, conspiring, or soliciting to commit a crime described in item 1 of this item; and
(v)
the parent has involuntarily lost parental rights to a sibling of the child; and
(4)
(i)
the child’s emotional ties with and feelings toward the child’s parents, the child’s siblings, and others who may affect the child’s best interests significantly;
(ii)
the child’s adjustment to:
(1)
community;
(2)
home;
(3)
placement; and
(4)
school;
(iii)
the child’s feelings about severance of the parent–child relationship; and
(iv)
the likely impact of terminating parental rights on the child’s well–being.
(e)
(1)
A juvenile court shall consider the evidence under subsection (d)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section as to a continuing or serious act or condition and may waive a local department’s obligations for services described in subsection (d)(1) of this section if, after appropriate evaluation of efforts made and services offered, the juvenile court finds by clear and convincing evidence that a waiver is in the child’s best interests.
(2)
A juvenile court may waive a local department’s obligations for services described in subsection (d)(1) of this section if the juvenile court finds by clear and convincing evidence that one or more of the acts or circumstances listed in subsection (d)(3)(iii), (iv), or (v) of this section exists.
(3)
If a juvenile court waives reunification efforts under § 3–812(d) of the Courts Article, the juvenile court may not consider any factor under subsection (d)(1) of this section.
(f)
If a juvenile court finds that an act or circumstance listed in subsection (d)(3)(iii), (iv), or (v) of this section exists, the juvenile court shall make a specific finding, based on facts in the record, whether return of the child to a parent’s custody poses an unacceptable risk to the child’s future safety.
(g)
If a parent has consented to guardianship in accordance with § 5–320(a)(1)(iii)1 of this subtitle, the loss of parental rights shall be considered voluntary.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-324 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–324LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In a separate order accompanying an order denying guardianship of a child, a juvenile court shall include:
(1)
a specific factual finding on whether reasonable efforts have been made to finalize the child’s permanency plan;
(2)
any order under Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Courts Article in the child’s best interests; and
(3)
a date, no later than 180 days after the date of the order, for the next review hearing under Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Courts Article.
(b)
(1)
In a separate order accompanying an order granting guardianship of a child, a juvenile court:
(i)
shall include a directive terminating the child’s CINA case;
(ii)
consistent with the child’s best interests:
(1)
may place the child:
(A)
subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, in a specific type of facility; or
(B)
with a specific individual;
(2)
may direct provision of services by a local department to:
(A)
the child; or
(B)
the child’s caregiver;
(3)
subject to a local department retaining legal guardianship, may award to a caregiver limited authority to make an emergency or ordinary decision as to the child’s care, education, mental or physical health, or welfare;
(4)
may allow access to a medical or other record of the child;
(5)
may allow visitation for the child with a specific individual;
(6)
may appoint, or continue the appointment of, a court–appointed special advocate for any purpose set forth under § 3–830 of the Courts Article;
(7)
shall direct the provision of any other service or taking of any other action as to the child’s education, health, and welfare, including:
(A)
for a child who is at least 16 years old, services needed to help the child’s transition from guardianship to independence; or
(B)
for a child with a developmental disability, services to obtain ongoing care, if any, needed after the guardianship case ends; and
(8)
may co–commit the child to the custody of the Maryland Department of Health and order the Maryland Department of Health to provide a plan for the child of clinically appropriate services in the least restrictive setting, in accordance with federal and State law;
(iii)
if entered under § 5–322 of this subtitle, shall state each party’s response to the petition;
(iv)
shall state a specific factual finding on whether reasonable efforts have been made to finalize the child’s permanency plan;
(v)
shall state whether the child’s parent has waived the right to notice; and
(vi)
shall set a date, no later than 180 days after the date of the order, for the initial guardianship review hearing under § 5–326 of this subtitle.
(2)
(i)
Except for emergency commitment in accordance with § 10–617 of the Health – General Article or as expressly authorized by a juvenile court in accordance with the standards in § 3–819(h) or (i) of the Courts Article, a child may not be committed or otherwise placed for inpatient care or treatment in a psychiatric facility or a facility for the developmentally disabled.
(ii)
A juvenile court shall include in a commitment order under this paragraph a requirement that the guardian:
(1)
file a progress report with the juvenile court at least every 180 days; and
(2)
provide a copy of each report to each person entitled to notice of a review hearing under § 5–326 of this subtitle.
(iii)
Every 180 days during a commitment or placement under this paragraph, a juvenile court shall hold a hearing to determine whether the standards in § 3–819(h) or (i) of the Courts Article continue to be met.
(c)
A juvenile court shall send a copy of an order entered under this section to:
(1)
each party or, if represented, counsel;
(2)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice;
(3)
each living parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(4)
the child’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(d)
An order directing the provision of services to a child with a developmental disability under subsection (b)(1)(ii)7B of this section is effective until:
(1)
the child is transitioned to adult guardianship care if adult guardianship is necessary and there is no less restrictive alternative that meets the needs of the child; and
(2)
(i)
the Maryland Department of Health enters into an agreement to provide or obtain the services ordered by the court; or
(ii)
if the Maryland Department of Health challenges the necessity of the services ordered by the court, the conclusion of any administrative or judicial review proceeding regarding the challenge.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-325 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–325LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An order for guardianship of an individual:
(1)
except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, § 4-414 of the Estates and Trusts Article, and § 2-123 of the Real Property Article, terminates a parent’s duties, obligations, and rights toward the individual;
(2)
eliminates the need for a further consent by a parent to adoption of the individual;
(3)
grants a local department guardianship with the right to consent to the individual’s adoption or other planned permanent living arrangement; and
(4)
terminates the individual’s CINA case.
(b)
(1)
Unless a juvenile court gives legal custody to another person, a child’s guardian under this subtitle has legal custody.
(2)
(i)
Unless a juvenile court orders otherwise and subject to review by the juvenile court, a child’s guardian may make all decisions affecting the child’s education, health, and welfare, including consenting:
(1)
to adoption of the child;
(2)
to application by the child for a driver’s license;
(3)
to enlistment by the child in the armed forces;
(4)
to marriage of the child; and
(5)
subject to subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, to medical, psychiatric, or surgical treatment.
(ii)
A child’s guardian:
(1)
may have the child admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility in accordance with the standards for emergency commitment in § 10-617 of the Health - General Article for not more than 20 days;
(2)
except as provided in item 1 of this subparagraph, may not place the child in an inpatient psychiatric facility without express authorization of the juvenile court.
(iii)
(1)
A child’s guardian may not withhold or withdraw a life-sustaining procedure without the prior authorization of a juvenile court.
(2)
In deciding whether to grant authorization, a juvenile court shall apply the factors set forth in § 13-711(b) of the Estates and Trusts Article.
(3)
A local department shall notify a juvenile court, a child’s attorney, and the attorney for each other party who has not waived the right to notice:
(i)
within 2 business days after the child’s placement changes or the time required under § 5-326(b) of this subtitle, whichever is shorter;
(ii)
within 2 business days after the child is placed in a psychiatric facility; or
(iii)
within 2 business days after the child is absent from a placement for more than a week.
(4)
A local department shall give a child’s attorney the child’s new address and telephone number within 2 business days after the address or telephone number changes.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-326 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–326LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A juvenile court shall hold:
(i)
an initial guardianship review hearing as scheduled under § 5–324(b)(1)(vi) of this subtitle to establish a permanency plan for the child; and
(ii)
at least once each year after the initial guardianship review hearing until the juvenile court’s jurisdiction terminates, a guardianship review hearing.
(2)
At each guardianship review hearing, a juvenile court shall determine whether:
(i)
the child’s current circumstances and placement are in the child’s best interests;
(ii)
the permanency plan that is in effect is in the child’s best interests; and
(iii)
reasonable efforts have been made to finalize the permanency plan that is in effect.
(3)
(i)
A juvenile court shall give at least 30 days’ notice before each guardianship review hearing for a child to:
(1)
the local department;
(2)
the child’s attorney; and
(3)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice and that parent’s attorney.
(ii)
A parent is entitled to be heard and to participate at a guardianship review hearing.
(iii)
A parent is not a party solely on the basis of the right to notice or opportunity to be heard or participate at a guardianship review hearing.
(4)
(i)
A local department shall give a child’s caregiver at least 7 days’ notice before a guardianship review hearing.
(ii)
A caregiver is entitled to be heard at a guardianship review hearing.
(iii)
A caregiver is not a party solely on the basis of the right to notice or opportunity to be heard at a guardianship review hearing.
(5)
(i)
At least 10 days before each guardianship review hearing, a local department shall:
(1)
investigate as needed to prepare a written report that summarizes the child’s circumstances and the progress that has been made in implementing the child’s permanency plan; and
(2)
send a copy of the report to:
(A)
the child’s attorney; and
(B)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice and that parent’s attorney.
(ii)
Notice to a parent under this paragraph shall be sent to the parent’s last address known to the juvenile court.
(6)
A child’s permanency plan may be, in order of priority:
(i)
adoption of the child;
(ii)
custody and guardianship of the child by an individual; or
(iii)
for a child at least 16 years old, another planned permanent living arrangement that:
(1)
addresses the individualized needs of the child, including the child’s educational plan, emotional stability, physical placement, and socialization needs; and
(2)
includes goals that promote the continuity of relations with individuals who will fill a lasting and significant role in the child’s life.
(7)
Every reasonable effort shall be made to implement a permanency plan within 1 year.
(8)
At each guardianship review hearing for a child, a juvenile court shall:
(i)
evaluate the child’s safety and act as needed to protect the child;
(ii)
consider the written report of a local out–of–home placement review board required under § 5–545 of this title;
(iii)
determine the extent of compliance with the permanency plan;
(iv)
make a specific factual finding on whether reasonable efforts have been made to finalize the child’s permanency plan and document the finding;
(v)
subject to subsection (b) of this section, change the child’s permanency plan if a change would be in the child’s best interests;
(vi)
project a reasonable date by which the permanency plan will be finalized;
(vii)
for a child at least 14 years old, determine the services needed to assist the child to make the transition from placement to successful adulthood;
(viii)
enter any order that the juvenile court finds appropriate to implement the permanency plan; and
(ix)
take all other action that the juvenile court considers to be in the child’s best interests, including any order allowed under § 5–324(b)(1)(ii) of this subtitle.
(9)
A juvenile court may approve a permanency plan other than adoption of a child only if the juvenile court finds that, for a compelling reason, adoption is not in the child’s best interests.
(10)
(i)
At a guardianship review hearing held 1 year or more after a juvenile court enters an order for guardianship of a child, the juvenile court may designate an individual guardian of the child if:
(1)
the local department certifies the child’s successful placement with the individual under the supervision of the local department or its agent for at least 180 days or a shorter period allowed by the juvenile court on recommendation of the local department;
(2)
the local department files a report by a child placement agency, completed in accordance with department regulations, as to the suitability of the individual to be the child’s guardian; and
(3)
the juvenile court makes a specific finding that:
(A)
for a compelling reason, adoption is not in the child’s best interests; and
(B)
custody and guardianship by the individual is in the child’s best interests and is the least restrictive alternative available.
(ii)
Designation of a guardian under this paragraph terminates the local department’s legal obligations and responsibilities to the child.
(iii)
After designation of a guardian under this paragraph, a juvenile court may order any further review that the juvenile court finds to be in the child’s best interests.
(b)
(1)
Whenever a juvenile court orders a specific placement for a child, a local department may remove the child from the placement before a hearing only if:
(i)
removal is needed to protect the child from serious immediate danger;
(ii)
continuation of the placement is contrary to the child’s best interests; or
(iii)
the child’s caregiver asks for the child’s immediate removal.
(2)
(i)
On the next day on which the circuit court sits after a local department changes a placement under this subsection, the juvenile court shall hold an emergency review hearing on the change.
(ii)
A juvenile court shall give reasonable notice of an emergency review hearing to:
(1)
the child’s attorney;
(2)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice and that parent’s attorney; and
(3)
each other party’s attorney.
(iii)
At an emergency review hearing, the standard of review as to a change shall be the standard for continued shelter care in a hearing under § 3-815 of the Courts Article.
(iv)
Unless all of the parties agree to a juvenile court’s order entered at an emergency review hearing, the juvenile court shall hold a full review hearing on the change within 30 days after the date of removal or, if agreed to by the parties, a later date.
(c)
(1)
At least every 12 months at a hearing under this section, the court shall consult on the record with the child in an age–appropriate manner to obtain the child’s views on permanency.
(2)
(i)
If, after a hearing or with the agreement of all parties, the court determines that the child is medically fragile and that it is detrimental to the child’s physical or mental health to be transported to the courthouse, the court may, subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph:
(1)
visit the child at the child’s placement and use appropriate technology to document the consultation for the record; or
(2)
use video conferencing to consult with the child on the record during the hearing.
(ii)
If the court visits the child at the child’s placement under subparagraph (i)1 of this paragraph or uses video conferencing under subparagraph (i)2 of this paragraph, the court shall give each party notice and an opportunity to attend the visit or the video conferencing, unless the court determines that it is not in the best interest of the child for a party to attend the visit or the video conferencing.
(3)
Subject to the provisions of paragraph (2)(ii) of this subsection, if the child’s placement is outside the State and, after a hearing or with the agreement of all parties, the court determines that it is not in the best interest of the child to be transported to the court, the court may use video conferencing to consult with the child on the record during the hearing.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-327 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–327LinkCopy Citation
If, after a juvenile court grants guardianship, a party becomes aware that a condition of consent to the guardianship may not be fulfilled:
(1)
the party promptly shall:
(i)
file notice with the juvenile court;
(ii)
give notice to all of the other parties; and
(iii)
if consent was received from a governmental unit or person who is not a party, give notice to that unit or person;
(2)
the juvenile court shall schedule a hearing to occur within 30 days after the filing of the notice; and
(3)
if the party, unit, or person whose condition cannot be fulfilled fails to enter into a new consent, the juvenile court shall:
(i)
set aside the guardianship order;
(ii)
set the case in for a prompt trial on the merits of the guardianship petition; and
(iii)
reopen the CINA case for review as required under Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Courts Article.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-328 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–328LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If a local department is a child’s guardian under this subtitle, a juvenile court:
(1)
retains jurisdiction until:
(i)
the child attains 18 years of age; or
(ii)
the juvenile court finds the child to be eligible for emancipation; and
(2)
may continue jurisdiction until the child attains 21 years of age.
(b)
If a juvenile court designates an individual as a child’s guardian, the juvenile court:
(1)
may retain jurisdiction until the child attains 18 years of age; or
(2)
on finding further review unnecessary to maintain the child’s health and welfare, may terminate the case before the child attains 18 years of age.
(c)
An order for adoption of a child terminates the child’s guardianship case.
(d)
On termination of a guardianship case, a juvenile court shall close the case.
(e)
Notwithstanding subsections (a) and (b) of this section, if the court enters an order directing the provision of services to a child under § 5–324(b)(1)(ii)7B of this subtitle, the court retains jurisdiction to rule on any motion related to the enforcement, modification, or termination of the order, for as long as the order is effective.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-331 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–331LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Before termination of parental rights as to a child, a petition for adoption of the child may be filed only as provided in this Part III of this subtitle.
(b)
(1)
With the consent of the local department with custody of a child, any adult may petition a juvenile court under this Part III of this subtitle to adopt the child.
(2)
If a petitioner under this section is married, the petitioner’s spouse shall join in the petition unless the spouse:
(i)
is separated from the petitioner under a circumstance that gives the petitioner a ground for annulment or divorce; or
(ii)
is not competent to join in the petition.
(c)
(1)
A petitioner under this section shall attach to a petition:
(i)
for a parent who is dead, a death certificate;
(ii)
for each other parent:
(1)
the consent required under this Part III of this subtitle;
(2)
an affidavit, by the local department with custody of the child, stating that:
(A)
despite reasonable efforts as provided in § 5-316 of this subtitle, the parent cannot be located; and
(B)
to the best knowledge of the local department, the parent has not contacted the local department or child for at least 180 days immediately before the filing of the petition; or
(3)
if applicable:
(A)
proof of guardianship or relinquishment of parental rights granted by an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction; and
(B)
certification that the guardianship or relinquishment was granted in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws;
(iii)
each other consent required under § 5-338 of this subtitle;
(iv)
a copy of an agreement, if any, for postadoption contact; and
(v)
a notice of filing that:
(1)
states the date on which the petition was filed;
(2)
identifies each person whose consent was filed with the petition;
(3)
states the obligation of a parent to give the juvenile court and local department notice of each change in the parent’s address;
(4)
if applicable, states that a postadoption agreement was filed with the petition; and
(5)
includes no identifying information that would be in violation of an agreement or consent.
(2)
In addition to a copy of an agreement for postadoption contact, a petitioner shall file the original agreement under seal.
(d)
If the marital status of a petitioner changes before entry of an order, the petitioner shall amend the petition accordingly.
(e)
The local department with custody of the child shall assist a petitioner in complying with the requirements of this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-332 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–332LinkCopy Citation
A clerk of a juvenile court shall keep a listing of each address given to the juvenile court for a parent under this Part III of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-333 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–333LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Within 5 days after a petition for adoption of a child is filed under this Part III of this subtitle with a juvenile court, the clerk shall send a copy of the petition, with the notice of filing that was attached to the petition, to:
(1)
the local department with custody of the child;
(2)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice;
(3)
each living parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(4)
the child’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(b)
Notice under this section shall be by first-class mail.
(c)
Notice to a parent under this section shall be sent to the parent’s last address known to the juvenile court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-334 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–334LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Promptly after a petition for adoption is filed under this Part III of this subtitle, a juvenile court shall issue a show–cause order that requires the party to whom issued to respond as required under the Maryland Rules.
(b)
On issuance of a show–cause order as to adoption of a child under this section, a petitioner shall serve the order on:
(1)
each of the child’s living parents who has not consented to the adoption;
(2)
each living parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(3)
the child’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(c)
Service under this section shall be:
(1)
on a parent, by:
(i)
first–class mail; and
(ii)
(1)
personal service; or
(2)
certified mail, restricted delivery, return receipt requested; and
(2)
on an attorney, by:
(i)
personal service; or
(ii)
certified mail, return receipt requested.
(d)
Service on a parent under this section shall be attempted as provided in § 5–316(d), (e), and (f) of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-335 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–335LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A juvenile court shall hold a hearing before entering an order for adoption under this Part III of this subtitle.
(b)
Before a hearing under this section, a juvenile court shall give notice to all of the parties.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-336 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–336LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a juvenile court shall rule on an adoption petition under this Part III of this subtitle promptly but no later than 180 days after the petition is filed.
(b)
A juvenile court may not enter an order for adoption of a child under this Part III of this subtitle before the later of:
(1)
30 days after the birth of the child;
(2)
expiration of the time set for revocation of consent, and not waived, under § 5–339 of this subtitle; or
(3)
expiration of the time to respond to show–cause orders issued under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-337 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–337LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In ruling on a petition for a child’s adoption under this Part III of this subtitle, a juvenile court shall consider:
(1)
any assurance by a local department to fund needed support for the child;
(2)
all factors necessary to determine the child’s best interests; and
(3)
a report by a child placement agency, completed in accordance with Department regulations, as to:
(i)
the suitability of the petitioner to be the child’s parent; and
(ii)
the child’s successful placement with the petitioner under the supervision of the local department or its agent for at least 180 days or a shorter period allowed by the juvenile court on recommendation of the local department.
(b)
In ruling on an adoption petition under this Part III of this subtitle, a juvenile court may not deny the petition solely because the petitioner is single or unmarried.
(c)
If a parent consents to adoption in accordance with § 5-338 of this subtitle, loss of parental rights shall be considered voluntary.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-338 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–338LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A juvenile court may enter an order for a child’s adoption under this Part III of this subtitle only if:
(1)
(i)
both the child’s parents are dead;
(ii)
an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction has granted a governmental unit or person other than a parent the power to consent to adoption, and the unit or person consents;
(iii)
parental rights have been terminated in compliance with the laws of a state or other jurisdiction, as described in § 5–305 of this subtitle; or
(iv)
(1)
at least one of the child’s parents:
(A)
is represented by an attorney;
(B)
has had an opportunity to receive adoption counseling and guidance services; and
(C)
consents to the adoption:
(I)
in writing; or
II. knowingly and voluntarily, on the record before the juvenile court; and
(2)
the parent who does not consent:
(A)
is dead; or
(B)
(I)
despite reasonable efforts as provided in § 5–316 of this subtitle, cannot be located;
II. has not contacted the local department with custody of the child or the child for at least 180 days immediately before the filing of the petition; and
III. fails to respond to a show–cause order served under § 5–334 of this subtitle;
(2)
the director of the local department with custody of the child consents; and
(3)
the child:
(i)
is represented by an attorney; and
(ii)
(1)
if at least 10 years old, consents; or
(2)
if under the age of 10 years, does not object.
(b)
(1)
(i)
In this subsection, “disability” means:
(1)
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities;
(2)
a record of having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities; or
(3)
being regarded as having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities.
(ii)
“Disability” shall be construed in accordance with the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, P.L. 110–325.
(2)
A local department may not withhold consent for the sole reason that:
(i)
the race, religion, color, or national origin of a prospective adoptive parent differs from that of the child or parent; or
(ii)
a prospective adoptive parent has a disability.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-339 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–339LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Consent of a parent to an adoption under this Part III of this subtitle may include:
(i)
a provision barring a petitioner from learning identifying information about the parent; and
(ii)
a waiver of the right to notice of further proceedings under this Part III of this subtitle.
(2)
Consent to adoption entered into before a judge on the record shall include a waiver of the revocation period.
(3)
Consent of a party to an adoption under this Part III of this subtitle is not valid unless:
(i)
the consent is given in a language that the party understands;
(ii)
if given in a language other than English, the consent:
(1)
is given before a judge on the record; or
(2)
is accompanied by the affidavit of a translator stating that the translation of the document of consent is accurate;
(iii)
the consent names the child;
(iv)
the consent contains enough information to identify the prospective adoptive parent;
(v)
the party has received written notice or on–the–record notice of:
(1)
the revocation provisions in subsections (a)(2) and (b)(1) of this section;
(2)
the search rights of adoptees and parents under § 5–359 of this subtitle and the search rights of adoptees, parents, and siblings under Subtitle 4B of this title; and
(3)
the right to file a disclosure veto under § 5–359 of this subtitle; and
(vi)
the consent is accompanied by an affidavit of counsel appointed under § 5–307(a) of this subtitle, stating that a parent who is a minor or has a disability consents knowingly and voluntarily.
(b)
(1)
Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a parent may revoke consent to adoption under this Part III of this subtitle at any time within the later of:
(i)
30 days after the parent signs the consent; or
(ii)
30 days after the adoption petition is filed.
(2)
Consent to adoption under subsection (a)(2) of this section is irrevocable.
(c)
A local department may revoke consent to an adoption under this Part III of this subtitle at any time before a juvenile court enters an order of adoption under this Part III of this subtitle.
(d)
A child may revoke consent or object to an adoption under this Part III of this subtitle at any time before a juvenile court enters an order of adoption under this Part III of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-340 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–340LinkCopy Citation
If a petition for adoption under this Part III of this subtitle is contested, a juvenile court shall dismiss the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-341 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–341LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
This subsection does not limit the right of an individual to provide for distribution of property by will.
(2)
Except as provided in § 2-123 of the Real Property Article, after a juvenile court enters an order for adoption under this Part III of this subtitle:
(i)
the adoptee:
(1)
is the child of the adoptive parent for all intents and purposes; and
(2)
is entitled to all of the rights and privileges of and is subject to all of the obligations of offspring born to the adoptive parent;
(ii)
each of the adoptee’s living parents is:
(1)
relieved of all parental duties and obligations to the adoptee; and
(2)
divested of all parental rights as to the adoptee; and
(iii)
the Estates and Trusts Article shall govern all of the rights of inheritance between the adoptee and parental relatives.
(b)
An order for adoption under this Part III of this subtitle terminates all pending CINA cases as to the adoptee.
(c)
Adoption of an adult has the same legal effect as adoption of a minor.
(d)
(1)
When a juvenile court enters an order for a child’s adoption under this Part III of this subtitle, the juvenile court shall send notice to:
(i)
each juvenile court that has a pending CINA case as to the adoptee;
(ii)
each of the child’s living, former parents who has not waived the right to notice;
(iii)
each living parent’s last attorney of record in the CINA case; and
(iv)
the child’s last attorney of record in the CINA case.
(2)
Service on a parent under this subsection shall be at the parent’s last address known to the juvenile court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-342 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–342LinkCopy Citation
If a petition to invalidate an order for adoption under this Part III of this subtitle on the basis of a jurisdictional or procedural defect is filed more than 1 year after entry of the order, a juvenile court shall dismiss the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-345 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–345LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If, after termination of parental rights as to a child, there is an open guardianship case, a petition for adoption of the child may be filed only as provided in this Part IV of this subtitle.
(b)
(1)
Any adult may petition a juvenile court for an adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle.
(2)
If a petitioner under this section is married, the petitioner’s spouse shall join in the petition unless the spouse:
(i)
is separated from the petitioner under a circumstance that gives the petitioner a ground for annulment or divorce; or
(ii)
is not competent to join in the petition.
(c)
(1)
A petitioner under this section shall attach to a petition:
(i)
(1)
all written consents required under § 5-350 of this subtitle; or
(2)
if applicable:
(A)
proof of guardianship or relinquishment of parental rights granted by an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction; and
(B)
certification that the guardianship or relinquishment was granted in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws;
(ii)
a copy of an agreement, if any, for postadoption contact; and
(iii)
a notice of filing that:
(1)
states the date on which the petition was filed;
(2)
identifies each governmental unit or person whose consent was filed with the petition;
(3)
if applicable, states that a postadoption agreement was filed with the petition; and
(4)
includes no identifying information that would be in violation of an agreement or consent.
(2)
In addition to a copy of an agreement for postadoption contact, a petitioner shall file the original agreement under seal.
(d)
If the marital status of a petitioner changes before entry of an order, the petitioner shall amend the petition accordingly.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-346 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–346LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Within 5 days after a petition for adoption of a child is filed under this Part IV of this subtitle with a juvenile court, the clerk shall send a copy of the petition, with the notice of filing that was attached to the petition, to:
(1)
the local department; and
(2)
the child’s last attorney of record in the guardianship case.
(b)
Notice under this section shall be by first-class mail.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-347 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–347LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A juvenile court shall hold a hearing before entering an order for adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle.
(b)
Before a hearing under this section, a juvenile court shall give notice to all of the parties.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-348 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–348LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a juvenile court shall rule on the adoption petition under this Part IV of this subtitle promptly but no later than 180 days after the petition is filed.
(b)
A juvenile court may not enter an order for adoption of a child under this Part IV of this subtitle before the later of:
(1)
30 days after the birth of the child; or
(2)
10 days after the notice is served under § 5-346 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-349 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–349LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In ruling on a petition for a child’s adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle, a juvenile court shall consider:
(1)
any assurance by the local department to fund needed support for the child;
(2)
all factors necessary to determine the child’s best interests; and
(3)
a report by a child placement agency, completed in accordance with Department regulations, as to:
(i)
the suitability of the petitioner to be the child’s parent; and
(ii)
the child’s successful placement for adoption with the petitioner under the supervision of the local department or its agent for at least 180 days or a shorter period allowed by the juvenile court on recommendation of the local department.
(b)
In ruling on a petition for adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle, a juvenile court may not deny a petition for adoption solely because the petitioner is single or unmarried.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-350 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–350LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A juvenile court may enter an order for a child’s adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle only if:
(1)
for an individual under the age of 18 years, the individual’s guardian consents; and
(2)
for an individual who is at least 10 years old, the individual consents.
(b)
(1)
(i)
In this subsection, “disability” means:
(1)
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities;
(2)
a record of having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities; or
(3)
being regarded as having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities.
(ii)
“Disability” shall be construed in accordance with the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, P.L. 110–325.
(2)
A guardian may not withhold consent for the sole reason that:
(i)
the race, religion, color, or national origin of a prospective adoptive parent differs from that of the child or parent; or
(ii)
a prospective adoptive parent has a disability.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-351 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–351LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Consent of a party to an adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle is not valid unless:
(1)
the consent is given in a language that the party understands;
(2)
if given in a language other than English, the consent:
(i)
is given before a judge on the record; or
(ii)
is accompanied by the affidavit of a translator stating that the translation of the document of consent is accurate;
(3)
the consent names the child;
(4)
the consent contains enough information to identify the prospective adoptive parent; and
(5)
the party has received written notice or on-the-record notice of:
(i)
the revocation provisions in this section;
(ii)
the search rights of adoptees and parents under § 5-359 of this subtitle and the search rights of adoptees, parents, and siblings under Subtitle 4B of this title; and
(iii)
the right to file a disclosure veto under § 5-359 of this subtitle.
(b)
A guardian may revoke consent to an adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle at any time before a juvenile court enters an order of adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle.
(c)
A child may revoke consent to an adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle at any time before a juvenile court enters an order of adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-352 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–352LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
This subsection does not limit the right of an individual to provide for distribution of property by will.
(2)
Except as provided in § 2-123 of the Real Property Article, after a juvenile court enters an order for adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle:
(i)
the adoptee:
(1)
is the child of the adoptive parent for all intents and purposes; and
(2)
is entitled to all of the rights and privileges of and is subject to all of the obligations of offspring born to the adoptive parent;
(ii)
each of the adoptee’s living parents is:
(1)
relieved of all parental duties and obligations to the adoptee; and
(2)
divested of all parental rights as to the adoptee; and
(iii)
the Estates and Trusts Article shall govern all of the rights of inheritance between the adoptee and parental relatives.
(b)
An order for adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle terminates all pending guardianship cases as to the adoptee.
(c)
Adoption of an adult has the same legal effect as adoption of a minor.
(d)
(1)
When a juvenile court enters an order for a child’s adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle, the juvenile court shall send notice to:
(i)
each juvenile court that has a pending guardianship case as to the adoptee;
(ii)
each of the child’s living, former parents who has not waived the right to notice;
(iii)
the former parent’s last attorney of record in the guardianship case; and
(iv)
the child’s last attorney of record in the guardianship case.
(2)
Service on a former parent under this subsection shall be at the parent’s last address known to the juvenile court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-353 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–353LinkCopy Citation
If a petition to invalidate an order for adoption under this Part IV of this subtitle on the basis of a jurisdictional or procedural defect is filed more than 1 year after entry of the order, a juvenile court shall dismiss the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-356 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–356LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A local department shall make reasonable efforts to compile and make available to a prospective adoptive parent:
(1)
all of the prospective adoptee’s medical and mental health records that the local department has; or
(2)
a comprehensive medical and mental health history of the prospective adoptee.
(b)
On request of an adoptive or prospective adoptive parent, a local department shall make reasonable efforts to compile a pertinent medical and mental health history of each of the prospective adoptee’s or adoptee’s parents or former parents, if available to the local department, and to make the history available to the adoptive or prospective adoptive parent.
(c)
(1)
If, after adoption, a local department receives medical or mental health information about the adoptee or adoptee’s former parent, the local department shall make reasonable efforts to make the information available to the adoptive parent.
(2)
If, after adoption, the adoptive parent requests additional information, the local department shall make reasonable efforts to notify the former parent, at the former parent’s last known address available to the local department, of the request and the reason for the request.
(d)
A medical or mental health history compiled under this section may not contain identifying information about a parent or former parent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-357 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–357LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
(i)
On request of an adoptee or adoptive or former parent of an adoptee and without a showing of a need, a local department shall provide information, other than identifying information, in its adoption record on the adoptee.
(ii)
If a local department denies a request under this paragraph, then on petition of an adoptee or adoptive or former parent and without a showing of need, a juvenile court shall order access for the petitioner to inspect, in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, the local department’s record on the adoptee.
(2)
On petition of an adoptee or adoptive or former parent of an adoptee and without a showing of need, a juvenile court shall order access for the petitioner to inspect, in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, the juvenile court’s record on the adoptee.
(b)
A juvenile court may not order opened for inspection under this section any part of a record that contains identifying information.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-358 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–358LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If, after a hearing on a petition of an adoptee or former parent, a juvenile court is satisfied that the adoptee or blood relative of the adoptee or former parent urgently needs medical information not in local department and juvenile court records, the juvenile court may appoint an intermediary to try to contact the adoptee or a former parent of the adoptee for the information.
(b)
An intermediary appointed under this section:
(1)
may only advise an adoptee or former parent of the need for medical information; and
(2)
may not:
(i)
reveal any identifying information about an adoptee or former parent; or
(ii)
try, in any manner, to encourage or discourage contact between an adoptee and former parent.
(c)
An intermediary appointed under this section shall file with the appointing juvenile court a confidential written report on the intermediary’s efforts to contact an adoptee or former parent.
(d)
When a juvenile court receives a report from an intermediary, the juvenile court may disclose to the adoptee or former parent, without revealing identifying information about an adoptee or former parent:
(1)
whether the intermediary advised an adoptee or former parent about the need for medical information; and
(2)
medical information that the adoptee or a former parent provided.
(e)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a juvenile court may order an adoptee or former parent to pay a reasonable fee for the services of an intermediary under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-359 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–359LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings stated.
(2)
“Director” means the State Director of Social Services.
(3)
“Secretary” means the Secretary of Health.
(b)
This section applies only to an adoption in which a juvenile court enters an order for adoption on or after January 1, 2000.
(c)
This section does not bar:
(1)
an adoptee or biological parent from applying for search, contact, and reunion services under Subtitle 4B of this title; or
(2)
the Director or a confidential intermediary from obtaining a copy of a record under § 5–4B–04(c) or § 5–4B–06(b) or (c) of this title.
(d)
(1)
An adoptee who is at least 21 years old may apply to the Secretary for a copy of:
(i)
the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(ii)
all records that relate to the adoptee’s new certificate of birth, if any; and
(iii)
the report of the adoptee’s order of adoption filed by the clerk of court under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article.
(2)
If an adoptee is at least 21 years old, a biological parent of the adoptee may apply to the Secretary for a copy of:
(i)
the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(ii)
the new certificate of birth, if any, that was substituted, under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article, for the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(iii)
all records that relate to the adoptee’s new certificate of birth; and
(iv)
the report of the adoptee’s order of adoption filed by the clerk of court under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article.
(3)
Each applicant under this subsection shall:
(i)
provide all proof of identity and other relevant information that the Secretary requires; and
(ii)
pay the fee required under Title 4, Subtitle 2 of the Health – General Article for a copy of a record.
(e)
(1)
A biological parent may:
(i)
file with the Director a disclosure veto, to bar disclosure of information about that parent in a record accessible under this section;
(ii)
cancel a disclosure veto at any time; and
(iii)
refile a disclosure veto at any time.
(2)
An adoptee at least 21 years old may:
(i)
file with the Director a disclosure veto, to bar disclosure of information about the adoptee in a record accessible under this section;
(ii)
cancel a disclosure veto at any time; and
(iii)
refile a disclosure veto at any time.
(3)
Immediately after the Director receives a disclosure veto or cancellation under this subsection, the Director shall forward a copy to the Secretary.
(f)
(1)
The Secretary shall adopt regulations to carry out this section.
(2)
Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection, the Secretary shall give to each applicant who meets the requirements of this section a copy of each record that the applicant requested and that the Secretary has on file.
(3)
Whenever a biological parent applies for a record, the Secretary shall redact from the copy all information as to:
(i)
the other biological parent, if that parent has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section; and
(ii)
the adoptee and each adoptive parent, if the adoptee has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section.
(4)
Whenever an adoptee applies for a record, the Secretary shall redact from the copy all information as to a biological parent, if that parent has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section.
(5)
The Secretary shall give each applicant under this section notice of the adoption search, contact, and reunion services available under Subtitle 4B of this title.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-360 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–360LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, access to a dental or medical record of an adopted minor may not be denied to a parent of the minor because the parent is an adoptive parent.
(b)
Access to a dental or medical record under this section may not include access to any part of the record that has identifying information as to a former parent of the minor.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-362 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3. Guardianship to and Adoption Through Local Department
§ 5–362LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided by law, a person may not charge or receive, from or for a parent or prospective adoptive parent, any compensation for a service in connection with:
(1)
placement of an individual to live with a preadoptive parent, as defined in § 3-823(i)(1) of the Courts Article; or
(2)
an agreement for custody in contemplation of adoption.
(b)
(1)
In this subsection, “Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(2)
This section does not:
(i)
prohibit payment, by an interested person, of a customary and reasonable charge or fee for hospital, legal, or medical services; or
(ii)
prevent the Administration, or a person that the Administration licenses or supervises, from receiving and accepting reasonable reimbursement for costs of an adoptive service in connection with adoption, if:
(1)
the reimbursement is in accordance with standards set by regulation of the Administration; and
(2)
the ability to provide this reimbursement does not affect:
(A)
the acceptability of any individual for adoptive services; or
(B)
the choice of the most suitable prospective adoptive parent.
(c)
Each State’s Attorney shall enforce this section.
(d)
A person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $100 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 months or both, for each offense.
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-01 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-01LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Child” means an individual who is the subject of a guardianship or adoption petition under this subtitle.
(c)
“Guardianship” means an award, under this subtitle, of any power of a guardian.
(d)
“Identifying information” means information that reveals the identity or location of an individual.
(e)
(1)
“Parent” means an individual who, at the time a petition for guardianship or adoption is filed under this subtitle or at any time before a court terminates the individual’s parental rights:
(i)
meets a criterion in § 5-3A-06(a) of this subtitle; or
(ii)
is the mother.
(2)
“Parent” does not include an individual whom a court has adjudicated not to be a father or mother.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-02 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-02LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This subtitle applies only to:
(1)
guardianship by a child placement agency of a child other than a child in need of assistance; and
(2)
adoption of the child.
(b)
Except as expressly provided in this subtitle, this subtitle does not apply to any case pending on or before December 31, 2005.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-03 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-03LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The General Assembly finds that the policies and procedures of this subtitle are desirable and socially necessary.
(b)
The purposes of this subtitle are to:
(1)
timely provide permanent and safe homes for children consistent with their best interests;
(2)
protect children from unnecessary separation from their parents;
(3)
ensure adoption only by individuals fit for the responsibility;
(4)
protect parents from making hurried or ill-considered agreements to terminate parental rights;
(5)
protect prospective adoptive parents by providing them information about prospective adoptees and their backgrounds; and
(6)
protect adoptive parents from a future disturbance of their relationship with adoptees by former parents.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-04 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-04LinkCopy Citation
This subtitle is related to and should be read in relation to Subtitle 5 of this title.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-05 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-05LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “order” includes any action that, under the laws of another jurisdiction, has the force and effect of a comparable judicial order under this subtitle.
(b)
In accordance with the United States Constitution, this State shall accord full faith and credit to:
(1)
an order of another state as to adoption or guardianship in compliance with the other state’s laws; and
(2)
termination of parental rights in compliance with the other state’s laws.
(c)
As to a jurisdiction other than a state:
(1)
an order for adoption or guardianship entered in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws shall have the same legal effect as an order for adoption or guardianship entered in this State; and
(2)
termination of parental rights in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws shall have the same legal effect as termination of parental rights in this State.
(d)
This section may not be construed to require an individual to petition a court in this State for adoption of an adoptee if:
(1)
the individual adopted the adoptee in compliance with the laws of a jurisdiction other than a state; and
(2)
the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services verifies the validity of that adoption by granting, under the federal Immigration and Nationality Act, an IR-3 visa for the adoptee.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-06 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-06LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Unless a court excludes a man as the father of a child, a man is the father if:
(1)
the man was married to the child’s mother at the time of the child’s conception;
(2)
the man was married to the child’s mother at the time of the child’s birth;
(3)
the man is named as the father on the child’s birth certificate and has not signed a denial of paternity;
(4)
the child’s mother has named the man as the child’s father and the man has not signed a denial of paternity;
(5)
the man has been adjudicated to be the child’s father;
(6)
the man has acknowledged himself, orally or in writing, to be the child’s father and the mother agrees; or
(7)
on the basis of genetic testing, the man is indicated to be the child’s biological father.
(b)
(1)
A petitioner under this subtitle shall give a court notice that a man who is not named in the petition and has not been excluded as a father claims paternity.
(2)
After a request of a party or claimant and before ruling on a petition for guardianship or adoption under this subtitle, a court shall hold a hearing on the issue of paternity.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-07 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-07LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In a case under this subtitle, a court shall appoint an attorney to represent a parent who:
(i)
has a disability that makes the parent incapable of effectively participating in the case; or
(ii)
when the parent must decide whether to consent under this subtitle, is still a minor.
(2)
To determine whether a disability makes a parent incapable of effectively participating in a case, a court, on its own motion or on motion of a party, may order examination of the parent.
(b)
(1)
In an adoption proceeding under this subtitle, a court shall appoint an attorney to represent a prospective adoptee who:
(i)
is at least 10 years old; and
(ii)
(1)
is a minor; or
(2)
has a disability that makes the prospective adoptee incapable of effectively participating in the proceeding.
(2)
To determine whether a disability makes a child incapable of effectively participating in a case, a court, on its own motion or on motion of a party, may order examination of the child.
(c)
An attorney or firm:
(1)
may represent more than one party in a case under this subtitle only if the Maryland Rules of Professional Conduct allow; and
(2)
may not represent a prospective adoptive parent and parent in the same case.
(d)
Counsel appointed under this section may be compensated for reasonable fees, as approved by the court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-08 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-08LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A prospective adoptive parent and parent of a prospective adoptee under this subtitle may enter into a written agreement to allow contact, after the adoption, between:
(i)
the parent or other relative of the adoptee; and
(ii)
the adoptee or adoptive parent.
(2)
An adoptive parent and former parent of an adoptee under this subtitle may enter into a written agreement to allow contact between:
(i)
a relative or former parent of the adoptee; and
(ii)
the adoptee or adoptive parent.
(b)
An agreement made under this section applies to contact with an adoptee only while the adoptee is a minor.
(c)
An individual who prepares an agreement described in subsection (a)(1) of this section:
(1)
shall provide a copy to each party in a case pending as to the prospective adoptee under this subtitle; and
(2)
if the agreement so provides, shall redact identifying information from all copies.
(d)
Failure to comply with a condition of an agreement made under this section is not a ground for revoking consent to, or setting aside an order for, adoption or guardianship.
(e)
If a dispute as to an agreement made under this section arises, a court may order the parties to engage in mediation to try to resolve the dispute.
(f)
(1)
A court shall enforce a written agreement made in accordance with this section unless enforcement is not in the adoptee’s best interests.
(2)
If a party moves to modify a written agreement made in accordance with this section and satisfies the court that modification is justified because an exceptional circumstance has arisen and the court finds modification to be in an adoptee’s best interests, the court may modify the agreement.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-09 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-09LinkCopy Citation
A court may assign among the parties to a case under this subtitle, as the court considers appropriate, counsel fees and the cost of testing under § 5-3A-06 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-10 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-10LinkCopy Citation
A party to a case under this subtitle may appeal to the Appellate Court of Maryland from an interlocutory or final order.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-13 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-13LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Only a child placement agency may petition for guardianship under this subtitle.
(b)
A court may grant guardianship under this subtitle only for a minor.
(c)
A petitioner shall attach to a petition:
(1)
all written consents for the guardianship that the petitioner has; and
(2)
if applicable:
(i)
proof of guardianship or relinquishment of parental rights granted by an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction; and
(ii)
certification that the guardianship or relinquishment was granted in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-14 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-14LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Within 5 days after a petition for guardianship of a child is filed with a court, the clerk shall send a copy of the petition and notice of filing to:
(1)
each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice; and
(2)
each living parent’s attorney of record.
(b)
Notice under this section shall be by first-class mail.
(c)
Notice to a parent under this section shall be sent to a parent’s last address known to the court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-15 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-15LinkCopy Citation
(a)
On issuance of a show–cause order as to guardianship of a child, a petitioner shall serve the order on each of the child’s living parents who has not consented to the guardianship.
(b)
Service under this section shall be by:
(1)
personal service; or
(2)
certified mail, restricted delivery, return receipt requested.
(c)
Service on a parent under this section shall be attempted at the parent’s last address known to the petitioner.
(d)
(1)
If a court is satisfied, by affidavit or testimony, that, after reasonable efforts in good faith, a petitioner could not identify a parent or could not effect service on a parent, the court shall order service through notice by publication as to that parent.
(2)
Notice under this subsection shall consist of substantially the following statement:
To: (Father’s name) To:�(Mother’s name) To:�Unknown parent
“You are hereby notified that a guardianship case has been filed in the circuit court for (county name), case no. (number). All persons who believe themselves to be parents of a (male or female) child born on (date of birth) in (city, state) to (mother’s and father’s names and dates of birth) shall file a written response. A copy of the show–cause order may be obtained from the clerk’s office at (address) and (telephone number). If you do not file a written objection by (deadline), you will have agreed to the permanent loss of your parental rights to this child.”
(3)
Service under this subsection shall be by:
(i)
publication at least once in one or more newspapers in general circulation in the county where the parent last resided or, if unknown, where the petition is filed; and
(ii)
posting for at least 30 days on a website of the Department.
(4)
The Department may charge a petitioner a reasonable fee to cover the cost of posting.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-16 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-16LinkCopy Citation
Before ruling on a guardianship petition, a court may order any investigation that the court considers necessary.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-17 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-17LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a court shall rule on a guardianship petition under this subtitle within 180 days after the petition is filed.
(b)
A court may not enter a final order for guardianship under this subtitle until the later of expiration of the time for:
(1)
revocation of consent; or
(2)
the filing of a response to an order to show cause.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-18 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-18LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A court may grant a guardianship of a child only if:
(1)
each of the child’s living parents consents:
(i)
in writing; or
(ii)
by failure to timely file notice of objection after being served with a show–cause order in accordance with this subtitle;
(2)
an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction has granted a governmental unit or person other than a parent the power to consent to adoption, and the governmental unit or person consents; or
(3)
parental rights have been terminated in compliance with the laws of a state or other jurisdiction, as described in § 5–3A–05 of this subtitle.
(b)
A governmental unit or person:
(1)
may condition consent or acquiescence on adoption into a specific family that a child placement agency has approved for the placement; but
(2)
may not condition consent or acquiescence on any factor other than placement into a specific family.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-19 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-19LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Consent of a parent may include a waiver of the right to notice of:
(i)
the filing of a petition under this subtitle; and
(ii)
further proceedings under this subtitle.
(2)
Consent to guardianship is not valid unless the consent:
(i)
is given after the child for whom guardianship is sought is born;
(ii)
is given in a language that the party understands;
(iii)
if given in a language other than English:
(1)
is given before a judge on the record; or
(2)
is accompanied by the affidavit of a translator stating that the translation of the document of consent is accurate;
(iv)
contains an express notice of:
(1)
the right to revoke consent, at any time within 30 days after the person signs the consent, unless the revocation is barred under subsection (b)(2) of this section;
(2)
the search rights of adoptees and parents under § 5-3A-42 of this subtitle and the search rights of adoptees, parents, and siblings under Subtitle 4B of this title; and
(3)
the right to file a disclosure veto under § 5-3A-42 of this subtitle; and
(v)
is accompanied by an affidavit of counsel appointed under § 5-3A-07(a) of this subtitle stating that a parent who is a minor or has a disability consents knowingly and voluntarily.
(b)
(1)
Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may revoke consent to guardianship at any time within 30 days after the person signs the consent.
(2)
A parent may not revoke consent for guardianship of a child if:
(i)
in the preceding year, the parent has revoked consent for or filed a notice of objection to guardianship of the child; and
(ii)
the child is at least 30 days old and consent is given before a judge on the record.
(c)
If a petitioner becomes aware, before a court rules on a petition, that a condition of consent under § 5-3A-18(b) of this subtitle cannot be fulfilled, the petitioner promptly shall:
(1)
file notice with the court;
(2)
give notice to all of the other parties;
(3)
if consent was received from a governmental unit or person who is not a party, give notice to that unit or person; and
(4)
(i)
if the unit or person enters into a new consent, file the consent with the court; or
(ii)
if the unit or person fails to enter into a new consent, dismiss the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-20 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-20LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If all consents for guardianship of a child have been given in accordance with this subtitle, a court may enter an order for guardianship.
(b)
(1)
Within 5 days after entry of an order under this section, a court shall notify each party to the case who has not waived the right to notice.
(2)
Notice under this subsection shall be by first-class mail.
(3)
Notice under this subsection shall be sent to a party’s last address known to the court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-21 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-21LinkCopy Citation
In an order entered under this subtitle, a court shall document:
(1)
the response by each party to the guardianship petition; and
(2)
the waiver, if any, of a parent to notice of further proceedings.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-22 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-22LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An order for guardianship of an individual:
(1)
except as provided in § 5-3A-23 of this subtitle, § 4-414 of the Estates and Trusts Article, and § 2-123 of the Real Property Article, terminates a parent’s duties, obligations, and rights toward the individual;
(2)
eliminates the need for notice to a parent as to the filing of an adoption petition;
(3)
eliminates the need for further consent of a parent to adoption of the individual; and
(4)
grants guardianship of the individual to a child placement agency.
(b)
(1)
Unless a court gives legal custody to another person, a child’s guardian under this subtitle has legal custody.
(2)
Unless a court orders otherwise and subject to review by the court, a child’s guardian may make all decisions affecting the child’s education, health, and welfare, including consenting to:
(i)
adoption of the child;
(ii)
application by the child for a driver’s license;
(iii)
enlistment by the child in the armed forces;
(iv)
marriage of the child; and
(v)
medical, psychiatric, or surgical treatment.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-23 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-23LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A child placement agency shall file a written report with a court with jurisdiction over a child whenever:
(i)
the child placement agency fails to place the child for adoption with a preadoptive parent, as defined in § 3-823(i)(1) of the Courts Article:
(1)
within 270 days after being awarded guardianship; or
(2)
within 180 days after permanently removing the child from another placement; or
(ii)
a court does not enter a final order of adoption within 2 years after the placement.
(2)
A report under this subsection shall state each reason for the delay in placement or adoption.
(b)
(1)
Whenever a child placement agency files a report under this section, the child placement agency shall mail notice of the child’s status:
(i)
to each of the child’s living parents who has not waived the right to notice and, if represented, counsel; and
(ii)
if a court appointed counsel for the child under this subtitle, to the child’s last attorney of record.
(2)
A waiver of rights under this subsection is not valid unless the waiver appears expressly in:
(i)
the parent’s consent to guardianship; and
(ii)
the guardianship order.
(c)
(1)
Whenever a court receives a report under this section, the court shall hold a hearing to:
(i)
review the progress that the child placement agency has made toward adoption of the child; and
(ii)
take all actions that the court considers to be in the child’s best interests.
(2)
Each year after a hearing under paragraph (1) of this subsection until the court’s jurisdiction terminates, the court shall hold another review hearing.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-24 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-24LinkCopy Citation
If a petitioner becomes aware, after a court rules on a petition, that a condition of consent under § 5-3A-18(b) of this subtitle cannot be fulfilled, the petitioner promptly shall:
(1)
file notice with the court;
(2)
give notice to all of the other parties;
(3)
if consent was received from a governmental unit or person who is not a party, give notice to that unit or person; and
(4)
(i)
if the unit or person enters into a new consent, file the consent with the court;
(ii)
if the unit or person fails to enter into a new consent, ask the court to set aside the guardianship order; or
(iii)
if the unit or person cannot be located after exhaustion of the service requirements under § 5-3A-15 of this subtitle, ask the court to determine whether it is in the child’s best interests to continue the guardianship despite the inability to fulfill the condition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-25 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-25LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Unless terminated sooner, a court retains jurisdiction over a child until the child attains 18 years of age.
(b)
An order for adoption of a child terminates the child’s guardianship case.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-29 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-29LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Any adult may petition a court for an adoption under this subtitle.
(b)
A petitioner may petition for adoption of a child 180 days or more after a child placement agency places the child with the petitioner.
(c)
(1)
If a petitioner under this section is married, the petitioner’s spouse shall join in the petition unless the spouse:
(i)
is separated from the petitioner under a circumstance that gives the petitioner a ground for annulment or divorce; or
(ii)
is not competent to join in the petition.
(2)
If the marital status of a petitioner changes before entry of a final order, the petitioner shall amend the petition accordingly.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-30 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-30LinkCopy Citation
A petitioner for adoption under this subtitle shall give notice of the filing of an adoption petition to each person whose consent is required.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-31 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-31LinkCopy Citation
Before a court enters an order for adoption of a child under this subtitle, a child placement agency shall file a written report on:
(1)
the suitability of the petitioner to adopt the child; and
(2)
the relationship between the petitioner and child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-32 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-32LinkCopy Citation
A court shall hold a hearing before entering an order for adoption under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-33 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-33LinkCopy Citation
A court may not enter an order for adoption under this subtitle until 30 days after entry of a guardianship order under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-34 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-34LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In ruling on a petition for a child’s adoption under this Part III of this subtitle, a court shall consider:
(1)
all factors necessary to determine the child’s best interests; and
(2)
the report required under § 5-3A-31 of this subtitle.
(b)
In ruling on an adoption petition under this Part III of this subtitle, a court may not deny the petition solely because the petitioner is single or unmarried.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-35 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-35LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A court may enter an order for a child’s adoption under this subtitle only if:
(1)
the child placement agency consents; and
(2)
for a child who is at least 10 years old, the child consents.
(b)
(1)
(i)
In this subsection, “disability” means:
(1)
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities;
(2)
a record of having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities; or
(3)
being regarded as having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities.
(ii)
“Disability” shall be construed in accordance with the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, P.L. 110–325.
(2)
A child placement agency may not withhold consent for the sole reason that:
(i)
the race, religion, color, or national origin of a prospective adoptive parent differs from that of the child or parent; or
(ii)
a prospective adoptive parent has a disability.
(c)
Consent of a party to an adoption under this Part III of this subtitle is not valid unless:
(1)
the consent is given in a language that the party understands;
(2)
if given in a language other than English, the consent:
(i)
is given before a judge on the record; or
(ii)
is accompanied by the affidavit of a translator stating that the translation of the document of consent is accurate;
(3)
the consent names the child;
(4)
the consent contains enough information to identify the prospective adoptive parent; and
(5)
the party has received written notice or on-the-record notice of:
(i)
the revocation provisions in this section;
(ii)
the search rights of adoptees and parents under § 5-3A-42 of this subtitle and the search rights of adoptees, parents, and siblings under Subtitle 4B of this title; and
(iii)
the right to file a disclosure veto under § 5-3A-42 of this subtitle.
(d)
(1)
A child placement agency may revoke consent at any time within the later of:
(i)
14 days after the child placement agency signs the consent; or
(ii)
14 days after the adoption petition is filed.
(2)
A child who is at least 10 years old may revoke consent at any time before a court enters an order of adoption under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-36 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-36LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
This subsection does not limit the right of an individual to provide for distribution of property by will.
(2)
Except as provided in § 2-123 of the Real Property Article, after a court enters an order for adoption under this subtitle:
(i)
the adoptee:
(1)
is the child of the adoptive parent for all intents and purposes; and
(2)
is entitled to all of the rights and privileges of and is subject to all of the obligations of offspring born to the adoptive parent;
(ii)
each of the adoptee’s living parents is:
(1)
relieved of all parental duties and obligations to the adoptee; and
(2)
divested of all parental rights as to the adoptee; and
(iii)
the Estates and Trusts Article shall govern all of the rights of inheritance between the adoptee and parental relatives.
(b)
An order for adoption under this subtitle terminates all pending guardianship cases as to the adoptee.
(c)
Adoption of an adult has the same legal effect as adoption of a minor.
(d)
(1)
When a court enters an order for a child’s adoption under this subtitle, the court shall send notice to:
(i)
each court that has a pending guardianship case as to the adoptee;
(ii)
each of the child’s living, former parents who has not waived the right to notice; and
(iii)
the former guardian of the child.
(2)
Service on a parent under this subsection shall be at the parent’s last address known to the court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-37 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-37LinkCopy Citation
If a petition to invalidate an order for adoption under this subtitle on the basis of a jurisdictional or procedural defect is filed more than 1 year after entry of the order, a court shall dismiss the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-39 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-39LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A child placement agency shall make reasonable efforts to compile and make available to a prospective adoptive parent:
(1)
all of the prospective adoptee’s medical and mental health records that the agency has; or
(2)
a comprehensive medical and mental health history of the prospective adoptee.
(b)
On request of a prospective adoptive parent, a child placement agency shall make reasonable efforts to compile a pertinent medical and mental health history of each of the prospective adoptee’s parents, if available to the agency, and to make the history available to the prospective adoptive parent.
(c)
(1)
If, after adoption, a child placement agency receives medical or mental health information about the adoptee or adoptee’s former parent, the agency shall make reasonable efforts to make the information available to the adoptive parent.
(2)
If, after adoption, the adoptive parent requests additional information, the child placement agency shall make reasonable efforts to notify the former parent, at the former parent’s last known address available to the agency, of the request and the reason for the request.
(d)
A medical or mental health history compiled under this section may not contain identifying information as to a parent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-40 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-40LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
(i)
On request of an adoptee or adoptive or former parent of an adoptee and without a showing of a need, a child placement agency shall provide information, other than identifying information, in its adoption record on the adoptee.
(ii)
If a child placement agency denies a request under this paragraph, then on petition of an adoptee or adoptive or former parent and without a showing of need, a court shall order access for the petitioner to inspect, in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, the agency’s record on the adoptee.
(2)
On petition of an adoptee or adoptive or former parent of an adoptee and without a showing of need, a court shall order access for the petitioner to inspect, in accordance with subsection (b) of this section, the court’s record on the adoptee.
(b)
A court may not order opened for inspection under this section any part of a record that contains identifying information.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-41 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-41LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If, after a hearing on petition of an adoptee or former parent, a court is satisfied that the adoptee or blood relative of the adoptee or former parent urgently needs medical information not in agency and court records, the court may appoint an intermediary to try to contact the adoptee or a former parent of the adoptee for the information.
(b)
An intermediary appointed under this section:
(1)
only may advise an adoptee or former parent of the need for medical information; and
(2)
may not:
(i)
reveal any identifying information about an adoptee or former parent; or
(ii)
try, in any manner, to encourage or discourage contact between an adoptee and former parent.
(c)
An intermediary appointed under this section shall file with the appointing court a confidential written report on the intermediary’s efforts to contact an adoptee or former parent.
(d)
When a court receives a report from an intermediary, the court may disclose to the adoptee or former parent, without revealing identifying information about the adoptee or any former parent:
(1)
whether the intermediary advised the adoptee or former parent about the need for medical information; and
(2)
medical information that the adoptee or former parent provided.
(e)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a court may order an adoptee or former parent to pay a reasonable fee for the services of an intermediary under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-42 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-42LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
“Director” means the State Director of Social Services.
(3)
“Secretary” means the Secretary of Health.
(b)
This section applies only to an adoption in which a court enters an order for adoption on or after January 1, 2000.
(c)
This section does not bar:
(1)
an adoptee or biological parent from applying for search, contact, and reunion services under Subtitle 4B of this title; or
(2)
the Director or a confidential intermediary from obtaining a copy of a record under § 5–4B–04(c) or § 5–4B–06(b) or (c) of this title.
(d)
(1)
An adoptee who is at least 21 years old may apply to the Secretary for a copy of:
(i)
the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(ii)
all records that relate to the adoptee’s new certificate of birth, if any; and
(iii)
the report of the adoptee’s order of adoption filed by the clerk of court under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article.
(2)
If an adoptee is at least 21 years old, a biological parent of the adoptee may apply to the Secretary for a copy of:
(i)
the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(ii)
the new certificate of birth, if any, substituted, under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article, for the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(iii)
all records that relate to the adoptee’s new certificate of birth; and
(iv)
the report of the adoptee’s order of adoption filed by the clerk of court under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article.
(3)
Each applicant under this subsection shall:
(i)
provide all proof of identity and other relevant information that the Secretary requires; and
(ii)
pay the fee required under Title 4, Subtitle 2 of the Health – General Article for a copy of a record.
(e)
(1)
A biological parent may:
(i)
file with the Director a disclosure veto, to bar disclosure of information about that parent in a record accessible under this section;
(ii)
cancel a disclosure veto at any time; and
(iii)
refile a disclosure veto at any time.
(2)
An adoptee at least 21 years old may:
(i)
file with the Director a disclosure veto, to bar disclosure of information about the adoptee in a record accessible under this section;
(ii)
cancel a disclosure veto at any time; and
(iii)
refile a disclosure veto at any time.
(3)
Immediately after the Director receives a disclosure veto or cancellation under this subsection, the Director shall forward a copy to the Secretary.
(f)
(1)
The Secretary shall adopt regulations to carry out this section.
(2)
Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection, the Secretary shall give to each applicant who meets the requirements of this section a copy of each record that the applicant requested and that the Secretary has on file.
(3)
Whenever a biological parent applies for a record, the Secretary shall redact from the copy all information as to:
(i)
the other biological parent, if that parent has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section; and
(ii)
the adoptee and each adoptive parent, if the adoptee has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section.
(4)
Whenever an adoptee applies for a record, the Secretary shall redact from the copy all information as to the biological parent, if that parent has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section.
(5)
The Secretary shall give each applicant under this section notice of the adoption search, contact, and reunion services available under this title.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-43 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-43LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, access to a dental or medical record of an adopted minor may not be denied to a parent of the minor because the parent is an adoptive parent.
(b)
Access to a dental or medical record under this section may not include access to any part of the record that has identifying information as to a former parent of the minor.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3A-45 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3A. Private Agency Guardianship and Adoption
§ 5–3A-45LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided by law, a person may not charge or receive, from or for a parent or prospective adoptive parent, any compensation for a service in connection with:
(1)
placement of an individual to live with a preadoptive family; or
(2)
an agreement for custody in contemplation of adoption.
(b)
(1)
In this subsection, “Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(2)
This section does not:
(i)
prohibit payment, by an interested person, of:
(1)
a customary and reasonable charge or fee for adoption counseling, hospital, legal, or medical services;
(2)
reasonable expenses for transportation for medical care associated with the pregnancy or birth of the child;
(3)
reasonable expenses for food, clothing, and shelter for a birth mother if, on written advice of a physician, the birth mother is unable to work or otherwise support herself because of medical reasons associated with the pregnancy or birth of the child; or
(4)
reasonable expenses associated with any required court appearance relating to the adoption, including transportation, food, and lodging expenses; or
(ii)
prevent the Administration, or a person that the Administration licenses or supervises, from receiving and accepting reasonable reimbursement for costs of an adoptive service in connection with adoption, if:
(1)
the reimbursement is in accordance with standards set by regulation of the Administration; and
(2)
the ability to provide this reimbursement does not affect:
(A)
the acceptability of any individual for adoptive services; or
(B)
the choice of the most suitable prospective adoptive parent.
(c)
Each State’s Attorney shall enforce this section.
(d)
A person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $100 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 months or both, for each offense.
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-01 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-01LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Assisted reproduction” has the meaning stated in § 5–1001 of this title.
(c)
“Identifying information” means information that reveals the identity or location of an individual.
(d)
“Mother” has the meaning stated in § 5–1001 of this title.
(e)
(1)
“Parent” means an individual who, at any time before a court enters an order for adoption under this subtitle:
(i)
meets a criterion in § 5–3B–05(a) of this subtitle;
(ii)
is the mother; or
(iii)
is a parent or is presumed to be a parent under Title 1, Subtitle 2 of the Estates and Trusts Article.
(2)
“Parent” does not include an individual whom a court has adjudicated not to be a father or mother.
(f)
“Prospective adoptee” means an individual who is the subject of a petition for adoption under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-02 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-02LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This subtitle applies only to an adoption that is arranged other than by a child placement agency.
(b)
Except as expressly provided in this subtitle, it does not affect an adoption:
(1)
for which a court entered an order on or before December 31, 2005; or
(2)
pending on January 1, 2006.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-03 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-03LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The General Assembly finds that the policies and procedures of this subtitle are desirable and socially necessary.
(b)
The purposes of this subtitle are to:
(1)
timely provide permanent and safe homes for children consistent with their best interests;
(2)
protect children from unnecessary separation from their parents;
(3)
ensure adoption only by individuals fit for the responsibility;
(4)
protect parents from making hurried or ill-considered agreements to terminate their parental rights;
(5)
protect prospective adoptive parents by giving them information about prospective adoptees and their backgrounds; and
(6)
protect adoptive parents from future disturbances of their relationships with adoptees by former parents.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-04 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-04LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “order” includes any action that, under the laws of another jurisdiction, has the force and effect of a comparable judicial order under this subtitle.
(b)
In accordance with the United States Constitution, this State shall accord full faith and credit to:
(1)
an order of another state as to adoption or guardianship in compliance with the other state’s laws; and
(2)
termination of parental rights in compliance with the other state’s laws.
(c)
As to a jurisdiction other than a state:
(1)
an order for adoption or guardianship entered in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws shall have the same legal effect as an order for adoption or guardianship entered in this State; and
(2)
termination of parental rights in compliance with the jurisdiction’s laws shall have the same legal effect as termination of parental rights in this State.
(d)
This section may not be construed to require an individual to petition a court in this State for adoption of an adoptee if:
(1)
the individual adopted the adoptee in compliance with the laws of a jurisdiction other than a state; and
(2)
the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services verifies the validity of that adoption by granting, under the federal Immigration and Nationality Act, an IR-3 visa for the adoptee.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-05 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-05LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Unless a court excludes a man as the father of a child, a man is the father if:
(1)
the man was married to the child’s mother at the time of the child’s conception;
(2)
the man was married to the child’s mother at the time of the child’s birth;
(3)
the man is named as the father on the child’s birth certificate and has not signed a denial of paternity;
(4)
the child’s mother has named the man as the child’s father and the man has not signed a denial of paternity;
(5)
the man has been adjudicated to be the child’s father;
(6)
the man has acknowledged himself, orally or in writing, to be the child’s father and the mother agrees; or
(7)
on the basis of genetic testing, the man is indicated to be the child’s biological father.
(b)
(1)
A petitioner under this subtitle shall give a court notice that a man who is not named in the petition and has not been excluded as a father claims paternity.
(2)
After a request of a party or claimant and before ruling on a petition for adoption under this subtitle, a court shall hold a hearing on the issue of paternity.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-06 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-06LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In a case under this subtitle, a court shall appoint an attorney to represent a parent who:
(i)
has a disability that makes the parent incapable of effectively participating in the case; or
(ii)
when the parent must decide whether to consent to adoption, is still a minor.
(2)
To determine whether a disability makes a parent incapable of effectively participating in a case, a court, on its own motion or on motion of a party, may order examination of the parent.
(b)
(1)
In a case under this subtitle, a court shall appoint an attorney to represent a prospective adoptee who:
(i)
has a disability that makes the prospective adoptee incapable of effectively participating in the case; and
(ii)
when the prospective adoptee must decide whether to consent to adoption, is at least 10 years old.
(2)
To determine whether a disability makes a prospective adoptee incapable of effectively participating in a case, a court, on its own motion or on motion of a party, may order examination of the prospective adoptee.
(c)
An attorney or firm:
(1)
may represent more than one party in a case under this subtitle only if the Maryland Lawyers’ Rules of Professional Conduct allow; and
(2)
may not represent a prospective adoptive parent and parent in the same adoption case.
(d)
Counsel appointed under this section may be compensated for reasonable fees, as approved by the court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-07 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-07LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A prospective adoptive parent and parent of a prospective adoptee may enter into a written agreement to allow contact, after the adoption, between:
(i)
the parent or other relative of the adoptee; and
(ii)
the adoptee and adoptive parent.
(2)
An adoptive parent and former parent of an adoptee under this subtitle may enter into a written agreement to allow contact between:
(i)
a relative or former parent of the adoptee; and
(ii)
the adoptee or adoptive parent.
(b)
An agreement made under this section applies to contact with an adoptee only while the adoptee is a minor.
(c)
An individual who prepares an agreement described in subsection (a)(1) of this section:
(1)
shall provide a copy to each party in a case pending as to the prospective adoptee under this subtitle; and
(2)
if the agreement so provides, shall redact identifying information from the copies.
(d)
Failure to comply with a condition of an agreement made under this section is not a ground for revoking consent to, or setting aside an order for, adoption.
(e)
If a dispute as to an agreement made under this section arises, a court may order the parties to engage in mediation to try to resolve the dispute.
(f)
(1)
A court shall enforce a written agreement made in accordance with this section unless enforcement is not in the adoptee’s best interests.
(2)
If a party moves to modify a written agreement made in accordance with this section and satisfies the court that modification is justified because an exceptional circumstance has arisen and the court finds modification to be in an adoptee’s best interests, the court may modify the agreement.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-08 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-08LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A court may order an adoptive parent to pay, wholly or partly, reasonable fees for a former parent’s:
(1)
independent counsel; or
(2)
adoption counseling or guidance for a reasonable time.
(b)
Except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, a court may assign among the parties to a case under this subtitle counsel fees, counseling or guidance fees, and costs of testing under § 5-3B-05 of this subtitle, as the court considers appropriate.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-09 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-09LinkCopy Citation
A party to a case under this subtitle may appeal to the Appellate Court of Maryland from an interlocutory or final order.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-12 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-12LinkCopy Citation
Except for a child being placed for adoption with a relative of the child, by blood or marriage within 4 degrees of affinity or consanguinity under the civil law rule, a parent or grandparent may place a child for adoption only if:
(1)
a petition for adoption is filed in court; and
(2)
the court, by order, sanctions the placement pending final action on the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-13 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-13LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Any adult or minor may be adopted under this subtitle.
(b)
(1)
Any adult may petition a court for adoption.
(2)
If a petitioner is married and the prospective adoptee is a minor, the petitioner’s spouse shall join in the petition unless the spouse:
(i)
is separated from the petitioner under a circumstance that gives the petitioner a ground for annulment or divorce;
(ii)
is not competent to join in the petition; or
(iii)
(1)
is a parent of the prospective adoptee; and
(2)
has consented to the adoption in accordance with this subtitle.
(3)
If the petitioner is married and the prospective adoptee is an adult, the petitioner’s spouse may join in the petition.
(c)
Before a petition is filed under this subtitle, a petitioner shall move for, and a court shall order that, a case pending under Subtitle 3 of this title be closed.
(d)
If the marital status of a petitioner changes before entry of an order under this subtitle, the petitioner shall amend the petition accordingly.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-14 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-14LinkCopy Citation
A court shall give notice of the filing of an adoption petition to each individual whose consent has been filed under this subtitle and who has not waived the right to notice.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-15 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-15LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
This section does not apply to an adoption of an adult.
(2)
Subsection (b) of this section does not apply to an adoption by a spouse of the prospective adoptee’s parent or a relative of the prospective adoptee.
(b)
A court shall issue a show–cause order that includes advice as to the parent’s rights to:
(1)
have independent counsel; and
(2)
receive adoption counseling and guidance.
(c)
On issuance of a show–cause order as to a prospective adoptee, a petitioner shall serve the order:
(1)
on each of the prospective adoptee’s living parents who has not consented to the adoption; and
(2)
if the prospective adoptee is at least 10 years old and has not consented to the adoption, on the prospective adoptee.
(d)
Service under this section shall be by:
(1)
personal service; or
(2)
certified mail, restricted delivery, return receipt requested.
(e)
Service under this section shall be attempted at the parent’s last address known to the petitioner.
(f)
(1)
If a court is satisfied, by affidavit or testimony, that, after reasonable efforts in good faith, a petitioner could not identify a parent or could not effect service on a parent, the court shall order service through notice by publication as to that parent.
(2)
Notice under this subsection shall consist of substantially the following statement:
To: (Father’s name) To: (Mother’s name) To: Unknown parent “You are hereby notified that an adoption case has been filed in the circuit court for (county name), case no. (number). All persons who believe themselves to be parents of a (male or female) child born on (date of birth) in (city, state) to (mother’s and father’s names and dates of birth) shall file a written response. A copy of the show–cause order may be obtained from the clerk’s office at (address) and (telephone number). If you do not file a written objection by (deadline), you will have agreed to the permanent loss of your parental rights to this child.”
(3)
Service under this subsection shall be by:
(i)
publication at least once in one or more newspapers in general circulation in the county where the petition is filed or, if different, where the parent’s last address known to the petitioner is located; and
(ii)
posting for at least 30 days on a website of the Department.
(4)
The Department may charge a petitioner a reasonable fee to cover the cost of posting.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-16 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-16LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as provided in § 5–3B–27 of this subtitle and subject to subsection (c) of this section, before ruling on a consensual adoption petition under § 5–3B–20(b)(1) of this subtitle, a court may order a court investigator or child placement agency to conduct any investigation that the court considers necessary.
(b)
Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, before ruling on a nonconsensual adoption petition under §§ 5–3B–20(b)(2) and 5–3B–22 of this subtitle, a court shall order a court investigator or an appropriate child placement agency to investigate and submit a report that includes summaries of:
(1)
the prospective adoptee’s emotional ties with and feelings toward the prospective adoptee’s parents, the prospective adoptee’s siblings, and others who may affect the prospective adoptee’s best interests significantly; and
(2)
the prospective adoptee’s adjustment to:
(i)
community;
(ii)
home; and
(iii)
school.
(c)
If a prospective adoptee is an adult, the court may order an investigation under subsection (a) or (b) of this section only for good cause shown.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-17 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-17LinkCopy Citation
Except as provided in § 5–3B–27 of this subtitle, a court shall hold a hearing before entering an order for adoption under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-18 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-18LinkCopy Citation
A court may not enter an order for adoption under this subtitle until expiration of the revocation period.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-19 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-19LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In ruling on a petition for a prospective adoptee’s adoption under this subtitle, a court shall consider:
(1)
all factors necessary to determine the prospective adoptee’s best interests; and
(2)
any report prepared for the court.
(b)
(1)
(i)
In this subsection, “disability” means:
(1)
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities;
(2)
a record of having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities; or
(3)
being regarded as having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities.
(ii)
“Disability” shall be construed in accordance with the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, P.L. 110–325.
(2)
In ruling on an adoption petition under this subtitle, a court may not deny the petition solely because the petitioner:
(i)
is single or unmarried; or
(ii)
has a disability.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-20 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-20LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This section does not apply to an adoption of an adult.
(b)
A court may enter an order for adoption only if:
(1)
(i)
(1)
each of the prospective adoptee’s living parents consents:
(A)
in writing; or
(B)
by failure to timely file notice of objection after being served with a show–cause order in accordance with this subtitle;
(2)
an administrative, executive, or judicial body of a state or other jurisdiction has granted a governmental unit or person other than a parent the power to consent to adoption, and the unit or person consents; or
(3)
parental rights have been terminated in compliance with the laws of a state or other jurisdiction, as described in § 5–3B–04 of this subtitle; and
(ii)
if the prospective adoptee is at least 10 years old, the prospective adoptee consents; or
(2)
in accordance with § 5–3B–22 of this subtitle, the court orders adoption without consent otherwise required under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-21 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-21LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Consent of a parent may include a waiver of rights to notice of:
(i)
the filing of a petition under this subtitle; and
(ii)
further proceedings under this subtitle.
(2)
Consent to adoption under this subtitle is not valid unless the consent:
(i)
is given after the prospective adoptee is born;
(ii)
is given in a language that the party understands;
(iii)
if given in a language other than English:
(1)
is given before a judge on the record; or
(2)
is accompanied by the affidavit of a translator stating that the translation of the document of consent is accurate;
(iv)
contains an express notice of:
(1)
the right to revoke consent, at any time within 30 days after the consent is signed;
(2)
the search rights of adoptees and parents under § 5-3B-29 of this subtitle and the search rights of adoptees, siblings, and parents under Subtitle 4B of this title; and
(3)
the right to file a disclosure veto under § 5-3B-29 of this subtitle;
(v)
except as to an adoption by a spouse of the prospective adoptee’s parent or a relative of the prospective adoptee, states that the parent has been advised of the parent’s rights to:
(1)
have independent counsel; and
(2)
receive adoption counseling and guidance;
(vi)
states whether the parent chose to have or not have counsel or counseling; and
(vii)
is accompanied by an affidavit of counsel appointed under § 5-3B-06 of this subtitle stating that a parent who is a minor or has a disability gives consent knowingly and voluntarily.
(b)
(1)
(i)
Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a parent may revoke consent at any time within 30 days after the parent signs the consent.
(ii)
A parent may not revoke consent for adoption of a prospective adoptee if:
(1)
in the preceding year, the parent has revoked consent for or filed a notice of objection to adoption of the prospective adoptee; and
(2)
the child is at least 30 days old and consent is given before a judge on the record.
(2)
A prospective adoptee may revoke consent at any time before a court enters an order of adoption under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-22 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-22LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This section applies only if a parent affirmatively withholds consent by filing a notice of objection.
(b)
(1)
A court may allow adoption, without parental consent otherwise required under this subtitle, by a petitioner who has exercised physical care, control, or custody over the prospective adoptee for at least 180 days, if the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that:
(i)
the parent has not had custody of the prospective adoptee for at least 1 year;
(ii)
the prospective adoptee has significant emotional ties to and feelings for the petitioner; and
(iii)
the parent:
(1)
has not maintained meaningful contact with the prospective adoptee while the petitioner had custody, notwithstanding an opportunity to do so;
(2)
has failed to contribute to the prospective adoptee’s physical care and support, notwithstanding the ability to do so;
(3)
has subjected the prospective adoptee to:
(A)
chronic abuse;
(B)
chronic and life–threatening neglect;
(C)
sexual abuse; or
(D)
torture;
(4)
has been convicted of abuse of any offspring;
(5)
has been convicted, in any state or any court of the United States, of:
(A)
a crime of violence against:
(I)
a minor offspring of the parent;
II. the child; or
III. another parent of the child; or
(B)
aiding or abetting, conspiring, or soliciting to commit a crime described in item A of this item; or
(6)
has, other than by consent, lost parental rights to a sibling of the prospective adoptee.
(2)
If a court finds that an act or circumstance listed in paragraph (1)(iii)3 or 5 of this subsection exists, the court shall make a specific finding, based on facts in the record, whether return of the prospective adoptee to the custody of the parent poses an unacceptable risk to the prospective adoptee’s safety.
(3)
In determining whether it is in the best interests of a prospective adoptee to terminate a parent’s rights under this subsection, a court shall:
(i)
give primary consideration to the health and safety of the prospective adoptee; and
(ii)
consider the report required under § 5–3B–16 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-23 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-23LinkCopy Citation
A court may not grant a petition under § 5-3B-22 of this subtitle solely because a parent:
(1)
does not have legal custody of a prospective adoptee by reason of a divorce or legal separation; or
(2)
has been deprived of custody of a prospective adoptee by an act of the other parent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-24 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-24LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This section does not apply to an adoption by the spouse of the prospective adoptee’s parent or a relative of the prospective adoptee.
(b)
A court may not enter an order under this subtitle until the petitioner files with the court an accounting of all payments and disbursements of any item of value made by or for the petitioner in connection with the adoption.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-25 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-25LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This subsection does not limit the right of an individual to provide for distribution of property by will.
(b)
Except as provided in § 2-123 of the Real Property Article, after a court enters an order for adoption under this subtitle:
(1)
the adoptee:
(i)
is the offspring of the adoptive parent for all intents and purposes; and
(ii)
is entitled to all of the rights and privileges of and is subject to all of the obligations of offspring born to the adoptive parent;
(2)
each of the adoptee’s living parents is:
(i)
relieved of all parental duties and obligations to the adoptee; and
(ii)
divested of all parental rights as to the adoptee; and
(3)
the Estates and Trusts Article shall govern all of the rights of inheritance between the adoptee and parental relatives.
(c)
Adoption of an adult has the same legal effect as adoption of a minor.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-26 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-26LinkCopy Citation
If a petition to invalidate an order under this subtitle on the basis of a jurisdictional or procedural defect is filed more than 1 year after entry of the order, a court shall dismiss the petition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-27 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-27LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
This section applies only to an adoption by:
(i)
an individual who is the spouse of the prospective adoptee’s mother at the time of the prospective adoptee’s conception or birth; or
(ii)
an individual who, together with the prospective adoptee’s mother, consented to the conception of the prospective adoptee by means of assisted reproduction with the shared express intent of being parents of the prospective adoptee.
(2)
This section does not apply to a nonconsensual adoption under § 5–3B–22 of this subtitle.
(b)
In a proceeding under this section, the petitioner shall file, together with the petition for adoption:
(1)
(i)
for an adoption described in subsection (a)(1)(i) of this section, a copy of the petitioner’s and prospective adoptee’s mother’s marriage certificate; or
(ii)
for an adoption described in subsection (a)(1)(ii) of this section, evidence of the parties’ shared express intent to become parents of the child by means of assisted reproduction, including a copy of any written agreement consenting to the conception of the prospective adoptee by means of assisted reproduction;
(2)
a copy of the prospective adoptee’s birth certificate; and
(3)
a statement explaining the circumstances of the prospective adoptee’s conception in detail sufficient to identify any individual who may be entitled to notice or whose consent may be required under this subtitle.
(c)
(1)
In ruling on a petition for adoption under this section, the court may not require an investigation under § 5–3B–16 of this subtitle or a hearing under § 5–3B–17 of this subtitle, except for good cause.
(2)
The court may hold a hearing to determine whether there are additional individuals who may be entitled to notice or whose consent may be required under this subtitle if the court is not satisfied from the pleadings that the appropriate notice or consent has been provided.
(d)
The court shall enter an order for adoption under this section on finding that:
(1)
(i)
the petitioner was married to the prospective adoptee’s mother at the time of the prospective adoptee’s birth; or
(ii)
the petitioner and the prospective adoptee’s mother consent to the conception of the child by means of assisted reproduction with the shared express intent to be parents of the child;
(2)
each of the prospective adoptee’s living parents, as defined in § 5–3B–01 of this subtitle, and any known gamete donor have consented to the adoption:
(i)
in writing; or
(ii)
by failure to file timely notice of objection after being served with a show–cause order in accordance with this subtitle; and
(3)
the adoption is in the best interest of the child.
(e)
(1)
An order for adoption granted under this section is confirmation of parentage established under § 1–206(b) or § 1–208(b)(2) of the Estates and Trusts Article.
(2)
This section may not be construed to require an individual who is a parent of a child under § 1–206 or § 1–208 of the Estates and Trusts Article to adopt the child.
(3)
Unless a prospective adoptee’s living parent consents to the termination of the parent’s parental duties, obligations, or rights, an order for adoption granted under this section does not terminate the parental duties, obligations, or rights.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-28 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-28LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If, after a hearing on petition of an adoptee or former parent, a court is satisfied that the adoptee or blood relative of the adoptee or former parent urgently needs medical information not in court records, the court may appoint an intermediary to try to contact the adoptee or a former parent of the adoptee for the information.
(b)
An intermediary appointed under this section:
(1)
only may advise an adoptee or former parent of the need for medical information; and
(2)
may not:
(i)
reveal any identifying information about an adoptee or former parent; or
(ii)
try, in any manner, to encourage or discourage contact between an adoptee and former parent.
(c)
An intermediary appointed under this section shall file with the appointing court a confidential written report on the intermediary’s efforts to contact an adoptee or former parent.
(d)
When a court receives a report from an intermediary, the court may disclose to the adoptee or former parent, without revealing identifying information about the adoptee or any former parent:
(1)
whether the intermediary advised the adoptee or a former parent about the need for medical information; and
(2)
medical information that the adoptee or a former parent provided.
(e)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, a court may order an adoptee or former parent to pay a reasonable fee for the services of an intermediary under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-29 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-29LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
“Director” means the State Director of Social Services.
(3)
“Secretary” means the Secretary of Health.
(b)
This section applies only to an adoption in which a court enters an order for adoption on or after January 1, 2000.
(c)
This section does not bar:
(1)
an adoptee or biological parent from applying for search, contact, and reunion services under Subtitle 4B of this title; or
(2)
the Director or a confidential intermediary from obtaining a copy of a record under § 5–4B–04(c) or § 5–4B–06(b) or (c) of this title.
(d)
(1)
An adoptee who is at least 21 years old may apply to the Secretary for a copy of:
(i)
the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(ii)
all records that relate to the adoptee’s new certificate of birth, if any; and
(iii)
the report of the adoptee’s order of adoption filed by the clerk of court under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article.
(2)
If an adoptee is at least 21 years old, a biological parent of the adoptee may apply to the Secretary for a copy of:
(i)
the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(ii)
the new certificate of birth, if any, that was substituted, under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article, for the adoptee’s original certificate of birth;
(iii)
all records that relate to the adoptee’s new certificate of birth; and
(iv)
the report of the adoptee’s order of adoption filed by the clerk of court under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article.
(3)
Each applicant under this subsection shall:
(i)
provide all proof of identity and other relevant information that the Secretary requires; and
(ii)
pay the fee required under Title 4, Subtitle 2 of the Health – General Article for a copy of a record.
(e)
(1)
A biological parent may:
(i)
file with the Director a disclosure veto, to bar disclosure of information about that parent in a record accessible under this section;
(ii)
cancel a disclosure veto at any time; and
(iii)
refile a disclosure veto at any time.
(2)
An adoptee 21 years old may:
(i)
file with the Director a disclosure veto, to bar disclosure of information about the adoptee in a record accessible under this section;
(ii)
cancel a disclosure veto at any time; and
(iii)
refile a disclosure veto at any time.
(3)
Immediately after the Director receives a disclosure veto or cancellation under this subsection, the Director shall forward a copy to the Secretary.
(f)
(1)
The Secretary shall adopt regulations to carry out this section.
(2)
Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4) of this subsection, the Secretary shall give to each applicant who meets the requirements of this section a copy of each record that the applicant requested and that the Secretary has on file.
(3)
Whenever a biological parent applies for a record, the Secretary shall redact from the copy all information as to:
(i)
the other biological parent, if that parent has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section; and
(ii)
the adoptee and each adoptive parent, if the adoptee has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section.
(4)
Whenever an adoptee applies for a record, the Secretary shall redact from the copy all information as to the biological parent, if that parent has filed a disclosure veto in accordance with this section.
(5)
The Secretary shall give each applicant under this section notice of the adoption search, contact, and reunion services available under this title.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-30 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-30LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, access to a dental or medical record of an adopted minor may not be denied to a parent of the minor because the parent is an adoptive parent.
(b)
Access to a dental or medical record under this section may not include access to any part of the record that has identifying information as to a former parent of the minor.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-3B-32 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 3B. Independent Adoption
§ 5–3B-32LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided by law, a person may not charge or receive, from or for a parent or prospective adoptive parent, any compensation for a service in connection with:
(1)
placement of an individual to live with a preadoptive family; or
(2)
an agreement for custody in contemplation of adoption.
(b)
This section does not prohibit payment, by an interested person, of:
(1)
a reasonable and customary charge or fee for adoption counseling, hospital, legal, or medical services;
(2)
reasonable expenses for transportation for medical care associated with the pregnancy or birth of the child;
(3)
reasonable expenses for food, clothing, and shelter for a birth mother if, on written advice of a physician, the birth mother is unable to work or otherwise support herself because of medical reasons associated with the pregnancy or birth of the child; or
(4)
reasonable expenses associated with any required court appearance relating to the adoption, including transportation, food, and lodging expenses.
(c)
Each State’s Attorney shall enforce this section.
(d)
A person who violates any provision of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $100 or imprisonment not exceeding 3 months or both, for each offense.
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-401 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–401LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(c)
“Eligible child” means a minor as to whom:
(1)
(i)
guardianship has been awarded to a child placement agency under Subtitle 3 or Subtitle 3A of this title; or
(ii)
consensual adoption has been ordered under § 5–338 of this title; and
(2)
a determination has been made by a local department under § 5–403 of this subtitle that a subsidy is necessary to ensure the child’s adoption because of the child’s special circumstances.
(d)
“Subsidy” means:
(1)
a money payment;
(2)
medical care;
(3)
medical assistance; or
(4)
special services.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-402 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–402LinkCopy Citation
The purpose of this subtitle is to make possible, through a public subsidy, the most appropriate adoption of each eligible child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-403 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–403LinkCopy Citation
The local department shall determine whether a subsidy is necessary to ensure a child’s adoption because of the child’s special circumstances, including:
(1)
physical or mental disability;
(2)
emotional disturbance;
(3)
recognized high risk of physical or mental disease;
(4)
age;
(5)
sibling relationship; and
(6)
racial or ethnic factors.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-406 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–406LinkCopy Citation
Each local department shall establish and administer an adoption subsidy program for eligible children.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-407 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–407LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Money payments and special services under the adoption subsidy program shall be funded by:
(1)
appropriations to a local department for the maintenance of children in foster care; and
(2)
money that is made available to a local department from other sources.
(b)
Medical assistance and medical care under the adoption subsidy program shall be funded by:
(1)
savings for the fiscal year by the Maryland Department of Health and the Department of Human Services that are attributable to adoptions under this subtitle; and
(2)
appropriations to the Department of Human Services for the adoption subsidy program.
(c)
The Administration may reimburse the Maryland Department of Health for the cost of medical assistance and medical care directly or through a contract with the Department.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-408 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–408LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A subsidy may not be denied to an eligible child on the ground that the eligible child had a condition that was not known or discovered at the time of the adoption.
(b)
An individual who has been approved by a child placement agency as an appropriate adoptive parent and who seeks to adopt an eligible child is eligible to receive a subsidy on behalf of the eligible child regardless of the individual’s income or other eligibility factors.
(c)
A subsidy may not be denied to a child whose adoption has been dissolved or whose adoptive parents have died if the child received an adoption subsidy during the child’s prior adoption and the child continues to meet the criteria set forth in § 5-403 of this subtitle.
(d)
The subsidy may not be discontinued solely because the adoptive parent moves from this State with the eligible child.
(e)
A subsidy may continue to be provided for an eligible child to an adult who is qualified to assume responsibility and who assumes responsibility for the care and welfare of the child upon the death or incapacitation of the child’s adoptive parent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-409 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–409LinkCopy Citation
(a)
To apply for a subsidy on behalf of an eligible child, an individual who is a prospective adoptive parent of the eligible child shall file an application for a subsidy with the local department.
(b)
(1)
The director of the local department shall append to the application evidence of inability, after all reasonable efforts, to place the eligible child, without a subsidy, with an appropriate adoptive parent because of the special circumstances.
(2)
If the director of the local department determines that the eligible child has established emotional ties with a prospective adoptive parent who is the child’s foster parent, evidence of efforts to place the child with another prospective adoptive parent is not required.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-410 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–410LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Before a final decree of adoption is passed, the local department and a prospective adoptive parent of an eligible child shall make a written agreement regarding the subsidy.
(2)
In the case of an eligible child who has special circumstances that existed before the adoption but were not detected until after the adoption, the agreement shall be made promptly after the local department approves the application for a subsidy.
(b)
A subsidy may commence either at the time of the placement for adoption or at an appropriate time after the passage of the adoption decree.
(c)
(1)
The nature, amount, and duration of the subsidy shall be determined by:
(i)
the needs of the eligible child because of the eligible child’s special circumstances; and
(ii)
the availability of other resources to meet the eligible child’s needs.
(2)
The subsidy may be for a limited or a long period of time.
(3)
The subsidy shall be in an amount that is not more than:
(i)
the allowable amount for a child under foster family care in this State, or if placement is in another state, the allowable amount for a child under foster family care in that state, whichever is higher;
(ii)
in the case of a medically fragile child living in a treatment foster care home, $2,000 per month; or
(iii)
if the subsidy is for a special service, a reasonable fee for that service.
(d)
(1)
If, under a subsidy agreement, the subsidy does not terminate in the first year after the final decree of adoption is passed, the subsidy is subject to annual reapplication, reevaluation, and reapproval by the local department.
(2)
A subsidy agreement shall include a notice of the annual reapplication requirement.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-410.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–410.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If the Department makes the determinations under subsection (b) of this section, an adoptive parent involved in an independent or intercountry adoption of a child is entitled to reimbursement by the State for certain nonrecurring adoption expenses associated with the adoption.
(b)
An adoptive parent is eligible for reimbursement of nonrecurring adoption expenses, if the Department determines that:
(1)
the child should not be returned to its biological parents;
(2)
the child cannot be placed with adoptive parents without providing assistance because of certain factors or conditions regarding the child, including ethnic background, age, the presence and number of siblings, or physical, mental, or emotional handicaps; and
(3)
except where it would be against the best interests of the child, previous adoption attempts have been made without assistance and were unsuccessful.
(c)
Application for nonrecurring adoption expenses shall be filed with the Department:
(1)
prior to the order; and
(2)
on a form provided by the Department.
(d)
(1)
Upon approval of the application, there shall be a written agreement between the Department and the prospective adoptive parents regarding the reimbursement of nonrecurring adoption expenses.
(2)
Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, the agreement shall be signed by the adoptive parents and an agent of the Department prior to the adoption order.
(3)
The agreement is not required to be signed by the adoptive parents and an agent of the Department prior to the adoption order if the order:
(i)
was entered between January 1, 1987 and July 1, 1990; or
(ii)
was entered before January 1, 1987, but nonrecurring adoption expenses were paid after January 1, 1987.
(4)
Adoptive parents filing for reimbursement of nonrecurring adoption expenses in cases described under paragraph (3) of this subsection shall:
(i)
enter into a written agreement with the Department; and
(ii)
file all claims no later than December 14, 1990.
(e)
Reimbursement for nonrecurring adoption expenses is limited to a maximum of $2,000 for reasonable and necessary actual costs that are not reimbursable from another source, including:
(1)
adoption fees;
(2)
court costs and reasonable attorney’s fees;
(3)
health examinations;
(4)
transportation costs; and
(5)
food and lodging costs incurred during preplacement visits.
(f)
Except in cases described under subsection (d)(3) of this section, adoptive parents shall file all claims for nonrecurring adoption expenses within 2 years after the order.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-411 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–411LinkCopy Citation
An individual who is aggrieved by a final decision of the director of a local department that denies eligibility or reduces or terminates a subsidy in a contested case may:
(1)
appeal that decision to the administrative appellate authority designated by rule or regulation; and
(2)
then take any further appeal allowed by the Administrative Procedure Act.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-412 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–412LinkCopy Citation
The Director of the Administration shall adopt regulations to carry out the provisions of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-415 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4. Adoption Subsidy Act
§ 5–415LinkCopy Citation
This subtitle may be cited as the “Maryland Adoption Subsidy Act”.
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-01 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-01LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(c)
“Adoption assistance state” means the state that is signatory to an adoption assistance agreement in a particular case.
(d)
“Residence state” means the state where the child lives.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-02 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-02LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The General Assembly finds that:
(1)
locating adoptive families for children who are eligible to receive State assistance and assuring the protection of the interests of the children affected during the entire assistance period requires special measures when the adoptive parents move to other states or are residents of another state; and
(2)
providing medical and other necessary services for children, with State assistance, is more difficult when the services are provided in other states.
(b)
The purposes of this subtitle are to:
(1)
authorize the Administration to enter into interstate agreements with agencies of other states for the protection of children on whose behalf adoption assistance is being provided; and
(2)
provide procedures for interstate adoption assistance payments, including medical payments.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-03 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-03LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Administration may develop, participate in the development of, negotiate, and enter into one or more interstate compacts on behalf of this State with other states to implement one or more of the purposes of this subtitle.
(b)
When entered into, and for so long as it shall remain in force, the compact shall have the force and effect of law.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-04 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-04LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A compact entered into pursuant to § 5-4A-03 of this subtitle shall include:
(1)
a provision making the compact available for joinder by all states;
(2)
a provision for withdrawal from the compact upon written notice to the parties, but with a period of 1 year between the date of the notice and the effective date of the withdrawal;
(3)
a requirement that the protection afforded by or pursuant to the compact continue in force for the duration of the adoption assistance and be applicable to all children and their adoptive parents who on the effective date of the withdrawal are receiving adoption assistance from a party state other than the one in which they are residents and have their principal place of abode; and
(4)
a requirement that each instance of adoption assistance to which the compact applies be covered by an adoption assistance agreement in writing between the adoptive parents and the state child welfare agency of the state which undertakes to provide the adoption assistance and that the adoption assistance agreement be expressly for the benefit of the adopted child and enforceable by both the adoptive parents and the state agency providing the adoption assistance.
(b)
A compact entered into pursuant to § 5-4A-03 of this subtitle may include a provision establishing procedures and entitlements to medical or other necessary social services for the child in accordance with applicable laws even though the child and the adoptive parents are in a state other than the state responsible for providing the services or the funds to defray part or all of the costs.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-05 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-05LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A child with special needs who resides in this State and who is the subject of an adoption assistance agreement with another state shall be entitled to receive a medical assistance identification from this State upon filing with the Administration a certified copy of the adoption assistance agreement obtained from the adoption assistance state which certifies to the eligibility of the child for medical assistance.
(2)
The adoptive parents shall be required at least annually to show that the adoption assistance agreement is still in force or has been renewed.
(b)
The Administration shall consider the holder of a medical assistance identification pursuant to this section the same as any other holder of a medical assistance identification under the laws of this State and shall process and make payment on claims on account of the holder in the same manner and pursuant to the same conditions and procedures as for other recipients of medical assistance.
(c)
(1)
This section shall apply only to medical assistance for children under adoption assistance agreements from states that provide medical assistance to children with special needs under adoption assistance agreements made by this State.
(2)
All other children entitled to medical assistance pursuant to adoption assistance agreements entered into by this State shall be eligible to receive it in accordance with the applicable laws and procedures.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-06 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-06LinkCopy Citation
A person who submits a claim for payment or for reimbursement for services or benefits or makes a statement in connection with a claim for payment or reimbursement for services or benefits pursuant to § 5-4A-05 of this subtitle which the person knows or should know is false, misleading, or fraudulent is guilty of perjury and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or both.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-07 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-07LinkCopy Citation
The Administration may adopt regulations necessary to carry out this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4A-08 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4A. Interstate Compact on Adoption and Medical Assistance
§ 5–4A-08LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Consistent with federal law, the Maryland Department of Health and the Department of Human Services, in connection with the implementation and execution of this subtitle and any compact entered into pursuant to this subtitle shall include in any State plan made pursuant to the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (P.L. 96–272), Titles IV–(e) and XIX of the Social Security Act, and any other applicable federal laws, the provision of adoption assistance and medical assistance for which the federal government pays some or all of the cost.
(b)
The Departments shall apply for and administer all relevant federal aid in accordance with law.
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-01 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-01LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(c)
“Confidential intermediary” means an individual or child placement agency qualified by the Director for the purpose of providing search, contact, and reunion services under this subtitle.
(d)
“Director” means the Director of the Administration.
(e)
“Member of the adoptive family” means an adoptive parent, grandparent, brother, or sister of an adopted individual.
(f)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, “relative” means a parent, brother, sister, child, aunt, or uncle of a biological parent.
(2)
In the case of a minor in out–of–home placement who was adopted through a local department, “relative” means an individual at least 21 years old who is related to the minor by blood or marriage within five degrees of consanguinity or affinity under the civil law rule.
(g)
“Search, contact, and reunion services” means services:
(1)
to locate adopted individuals, biological parents of adopted individuals, siblings of adopted individuals, and, as provided in § 5–4B–11 of this subtitle, relatives and members of the adoptive family;
(2)
to assess the mutual desire for communication or disclosure of information:
(i)
between adopted individuals and biological parents of adopted individuals;
(ii)
between adopted individuals and siblings of adopted individuals; and
(iii)
as provided in § 5–4B–11 of this subtitle, between:
(1)
adopted individuals and relatives; and
(2)
biological parents and members of the adoptive family;
(3)
to provide, or provide referral to, counseling for adopted individuals, biological parents of adopted individuals, siblings of adopted individuals, relatives, and members of the adoptive family;
(4)
if siblings of a minor in out–of–home placement were adopted through a local department, to contact the siblings to develop a placement resource or facilitate a family connection with the siblings of the minor; and
(5)
if a minor in out–of–home placement was adopted through a local department and a local department has determined that reunification with the minor’s adoptive parents is not in the minor’s best interests, to contact relatives of the minor to develop a placement resource or facilitate a family connection with the relatives.
(h)
“Sibling” means a brother or sister of the whole or half blood who:
(1)
is at least 21 years old; and
(2)
has been adopted.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-02 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-02LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
An adopted individual at least 21 years old may apply to the Director to receive search, contact, and reunion services.
(2)
If an adopted individual is at least 21 years old, the following individuals may apply to the Director to receive search, contact, and reunion services:
(i)
a biological parent of the adopted individual;
(ii)
a sibling of the adopted individual; and
(iii)
a director of a local department acting on behalf of a minor in out–of–home placement.
(3)
A director of a local department or a local department director’s designee may apply to the Director to receive search, contact, and reunion services to develop a placement resource or facilitate a family connection with relatives of a minor in out–of–home placement who was adopted through a local department if the local department has determined that reunification with the minor’s adoptive parents is not in the minor’s best interests.
(b)
An individual who applies to the Director to receive search, contact, and reunion services shall supply any proof of identity or other relevant information required by the Director.
(c)
(1)
The Director may establish a reasonable fee for the application for search, contact, and reunion services.
(2)
The overall amount of fees collected may not exceed the costs of processing the applications.
(d)
A parent who has had his or her parental rights terminated under Subtitle 3 of this title may not apply to receive search, contact, and reunion services under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-03 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-03LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Director shall maintain a list of confidential intermediaries.
(b)
To qualify to be a confidential intermediary, an applicant shall meet the requirements of subsection (d) of this section.
(c)
If the applicant is a child placement agency, the agency shall appoint an employee of the agency as the representative member to make the application on behalf of the agency.
(d)
(1)
If the applicant is an individual, the applicant shall:
(i)
have completed at least 8 hours of training, approved by the Director, in providing search, contact, and reunion services; and
(ii)
meet any other qualifications that the Director establishes for confidential intermediaries.
(2)
If the applicant is a child placement agency, each employee who will provide search, contact, and reunion services under this subtitle shall:
(i)
have completed at least 8 hours of training, approved by the Director, in providing search, contact, and reunion services; and
(ii)
meet any other qualifications that the Director establishes for confidential intermediaries.
(e)
(1)
The Director may establish a reasonable fee for an application under this section.
(2)
The overall amount of fees collected may not exceed the costs of processing the applications.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-04 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-04LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the Director shall provide the list of confidential intermediaries to an individual who applies for search, contact, and reunion services.
(b)
The Director shall refer an individual who applies for search, contact, and reunion services to the child placement agency that placed the child for adoption if:
(1)
the identity of the child placement agency that placed the child for adoption is known; and
(2)
the child placement agency is a confidential intermediary, as defined in § 5-4B-01 of this subtitle.
(c)
(1)
If the identity of the child placement agency that placed the child for adoption is unknown, the Director shall make reasonable efforts to determine the identity of the child placement agency that placed the child for adoption.
(2)
For purposes of paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Director shall have access to any information that is contained in a birth record or public record described in § 5-4B-06(b)(1) or (c)(1) of this subtitle.
(3)
(i)
The Director may charge an individual who applies for search, contact, and reunion services a reasonable fee for a search conducted in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(ii)
The overall amount of fees collected may not exceed the costs of providing the search.
(4)
The Director shall forward any information obtained from a search conducted in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection to the confidential intermediary for purposes of providing search, contact, and reunion services.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-05 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-05LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An individual who applies for search, contact, and reunion services shall execute a written agreement with a confidential intermediary concerning the provision of search, contact, and reunion services.
(b)
(1)
(i)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the confidential intermediary may charge the individual a reasonable fee for search, contact, and reunion services.
(ii)
The overall amount of fees collected may not exceed the costs of providing the services.
(2)
The confidential intermediary may not charge a director of a local department who applies for search, contact, and reunion services on behalf of a minor in out–of–home placement the fee described in paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(c)
The confidential intermediary shall promptly:
(1)
file the executed agreement with the Director; and
(2)
attempt to contact the adopted individual, the biological parent, or the sibling sought by the applicant.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-06 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-06LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Director or the Adoption Program Manager of the Department may authorize a confidential intermediary to obtain information described in subsection (b) or (c) of this section to locate an individual sought by an applicant.
(b)
(1)
Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a confidential intermediary may apply to the Secretary of Health for a copy of the following:
(i)
the original certificate of birth and any records that relate to the new certificate of birth of an adopted individual;
(ii)
the new certificate of birth that was substituted for the original certificate of birth of an adopted individual under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article; and
(iii)
the report of the decree or judgment of adoption filed by the clerk of the court under § 4–211 of the Health – General Article.
(2)
To apply for a copy of a record listed in paragraph (1) of this subsection, a confidential intermediary shall submit to the Secretary of Health a written statement signed by the Director or the Adoption Program Manager of the Department and witnessed by a notary public that authorizes the confidential intermediary to obtain information necessary to locate an individual sought by an applicant.
(3)
If a confidential intermediary complies with paragraph (2) of this subsection, the Secretary of Health shall give a copy of a record requested under this subsection that is on file with the Secretary to the confidential intermediary.
(c)
(1)
Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a confidential intermediary may access any information that is contained in a public record, as defined in § 4–101 of the General Provisions Article, including a court record.
(2)
To have access to information contained in a public record, a confidential intermediary shall submit to the custodian of a public record a written statement signed by the Director or the Adoption Program Manager of the Department and witnessed by a notary public that authorizes the confidential intermediary to obtain information necessary to locate an individual sought by an applicant.
(3)
If a confidential intermediary complies with paragraph (2) of this subsection, a custodian shall permit inspection of a public record requested under this subsection by the confidential intermediary.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-07 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-07LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Within 90 days after executing a search, contact, and reunion services agreement under § 5-4B-05 or § 5-4B-11 of this subtitle, a confidential intermediary shall file a report with the Director stating that:
(1)
the individual contacted by the confidential intermediary consents to the disclosure of specified information;
(2)
the individual contacted by the confidential intermediary does not consent to the disclosure of any information;
(3)
the individual sought by the confidential intermediary has not been located; or
(4)
the individual sought by the confidential intermediary is deceased.
(b)
If the individual sought by the confidential intermediary is deceased, the confidential intermediary shall indicate in the report whether any relatives or members of the adoptive family were contacted, as provided in § 5-4B-11 of this subtitle, and whether those individuals consent to the disclosure of information.
(c)
The report and any documents filed in accordance with this section are confidential.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-08 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-08LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
If an individual contacted by a confidential intermediary consents to the disclosure of any information, the confidential intermediary shall obtain the written consent of the individual witnessed by a notary public.
(2)
The written consent shall specify the nature of the information to be disclosed.
(b)
(1)
If a confidential intermediary obtains written consent under subsection (a) of this section, the confidential intermediary shall disclose the information specified in the consent to the individual who applied for search, contact, and reunion services.
(2)
The confidential intermediary shall disclose only the information that has been authorized by the written consent.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-09 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-09LinkCopy Citation
If an individual contacted by a confidential intermediary does not consent to the disclosure of any information, the confidential intermediary:
(1)
may not disclose any information concerning the individual contacted;
(2)
shall refrain from further and subsequent inquiry with the individual contacted; and
(3)
shall report the refusal to the individual who applied for search, contact, and reunion services.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-10 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-10LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If a confidential intermediary files a report under § 5-4B-07 of this subtitle stating that an individual sought has not been located, the confidential intermediary shall continue to make reasonable attempts to contact the individual sought for the period specified in the search, contact, and reunion services agreement executed in accordance with § 5-4B-05 or § 5-4B-11 of this subtitle.
(b)
If the confidential intermediary is unsuccessful at locating the individual sought within the period specified in the search, contact, and reunion services agreement, the confidential intermediary shall file a report with the Director stating the failure to locate the individual sought.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-11 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-11LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If an individual sought by a confidential intermediary is deceased, the confidential intermediary may not disclose the identity of the deceased to the individual who applied for search, contact, and reunion services.
(b)
The confidential intermediary shall report the fact that the individual sought is deceased to the individual who applied for search, contact, and reunion services.
(c)
(1)
If the deceased individual is a biological parent, the confidential intermediary may, with the consent of the applicant, attempt to contact a relative who is at least 21 years old to assess the willingness of the relative to communicate or exchange information with the applicant.
(2)
If the deceased individual is an adopted individual, the confidential intermediary may, with the consent of the applicant, attempt to contact a member of the adoptive family who is at least 21 years old to assess the willingness of the member of the adoptive family to communicate or exchange information with the applicant.
(3)
If the applicant consents to contacting a relative or member of the adoptive family, the applicant shall execute another written agreement with the confidential intermediary concerning the provision of search, contact, and reunion services under this subsection.
(4)
(i)
(1)
Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, the confidential intermediary may charge the individual a reasonable fee for the additional search, contact, and reunion services described in this subsection.
(2)
The overall amount of fees collected may not exceed the costs of providing the services.
(ii)
The confidential intermediary may not charge a director of a local department who applies for search, contact, and reunion services on behalf of a minor in out–of–home placement the fee described in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.
(5)
The confidential intermediary shall promptly:
(i)
file the executed agreement with the Director; and
(ii)
attempt to contact the relative or member of the adoptive family sought by the applicant.
(6)
The provisions of this subtitle shall apply to search, contact, and reunion services provided by a confidential intermediary under this subsection.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4B-12 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4B. Adoption Search, Contact, and Reunion Services
§ 5–4B-12LinkCopy Citation
The Director shall adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this subtitle, including regulations concerning:
(1)
the application process for search, contact, and reunion services;
(2)
qualifications for a confidential intermediary;
(3)
the agreement for search, contact, and reunion services executed by a confidential intermediary and an adopted individual, biological parent, or sibling; and
(4)
the delivery and scope of search, contact, and reunion services.
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4C-01 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
§ 5–4C-01LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(c)
“Adoptee” means an individual:
(1)
who was adopted in this State; or
(2)
who was placed for adoption by:
(i)
a child placement agency licensed in this State; or
(ii)
a local department.
(d)
“Director” means the Director of the Administration.
(e)
“Identifying information” means information that reveals the identity or location of an adoptee, the natural parents of an adoptee, or a natural sibling.
(f)
Repealed.
(g)
“Natural father” means a man who:
(1)
was married to the adoptee’s natural mother at the time of conception;
(2)
was married to the adoptee’s natural mother at the time of the adoptee’s birth;
(3)
was named as the father on the adoptee’s pre-adoption birth certificate, unless the man has signed a denial of paternity or his nonpaternity has been determined by a court;
(4)
was identified by the natural mother as the father of the adoptee, unless the man has signed a denial of paternity or his nonpaternity has been determined by a court;
(5)
has been adjudicated to be the father of the adoptee; or
(6)
has acknowledged himself orally or in writing to be the father of the adoptee.
(h)
“Natural sibling” means an individual who is at least 21 years old and shares 1 or both natural parents with an adoptee.
(i)
“Registry” means the Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4C-02 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
§ 5–4C-02LinkCopy Citation
The purpose of this subtitle is to:
(1)
establish within the Administration a Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry where natural parents, adoptees, and natural siblings may register if they wish to have identifying information released to each other; and
(2)
provide for the disclosure of identifying information to natural parents, adoptees, and natural siblings who have registered with the Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4C-03 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
§ 5–4C-03LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Director shall:
(1)
establish and maintain a Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry;
(2)
adopt rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of this subtitle; and
(3)
set and assess a reasonable fee for registrants, except that an individual may not be denied registration solely because of an inability to pay the fee.
(b)
The Director may contract with child placement agencies in this State to perform specific duties under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4C-04 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
§ 5–4C-04LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, or pursuant to a court order, the Administration may not disclose information contained in the Registry.
(b)
The Administration shall retain affidavits and other information collected concerning a registrant until the date specified by the registrant, or for 99 years after the date of registration, whichever occurs first.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4C-05 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
§ 5–4C-05LinkCopy Citation
Only the following individuals may register with the Registry:
(1)
an adoptee:
(i)
who is at least 21 years of age; and
(ii)
who does not have a natural sibling under the age of 21 years who has the same adoptive parents;
(2)
a natural mother;
(3)
a natural father; and
(4)
a natural sibling.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4C-06 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
§ 5–4C-06LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
To register with the Registry, an individual shall submit a notarized affidavit containing the following information:
(i)
the individual’s current name and any previous name by which the individual was known;
(ii)
the individual’s address and telephone number;
(iii)
if the individual is a natural parent of the adoptee, the original and adopted names, if known, of the adoptee;
(iv)
if the individual is an adoptee who is seeking information regarding the adoptee’s natural parents, any names, if known, by which the natural parents are or were known;
(v)
if the individual is an adoptee who is seeking information regarding a natural sibling, any names, if known, by which the natural sibling is or was known;
(vi)
if known, the place and date of birth of the adoptee;
(vii)
if known, the name and address of the child placement agency, if any, that placed the adoptee;
(viii)
if known, the names of the adoptive parents of the adoptee;
(ix)
the name and address of the court that issued the adoption or guardianship order; and
(x)
a statement of the individual’s consent to be identified to other registrants.
(2)
A registrant shall notify the Administration of changes in information occurring after the affidavit is filed.
(3)
A registrant may withdraw from the Registry at any time by submitting a notarized affidavit to that effect to the Administration.
(b)
(1)
The Administration shall obtain information necessary for identifying an adoptee, a natural mother of an adoptee, a natural father, or a natural sibling.
(2)
The Administration may not obtain information regarding:
(i)
the adoptive parents of the adoptee;
(ii)
a child of the adoptive parents who is not a natural sibling; or
(iii)
the financial status of the adoptive parents of the adoptee.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-4C-07 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 4C. Mutual Consent Voluntary Adoption Registry
§ 5–4C-07LinkCopy Citation
(a)
On receipt of an affidavit, the Administration shall:
(1)
attempt to match registrants or to provide matching information; and
(2)
if a match is made, direct the child placement agency, if known, or the local department, if there is no known child placement agency, to notify the registrants through a confidential contact.
(b)
(1)
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a match is made when:
(i)
an adoptee and the adoptee’s natural mother and natural father register; or
(ii)
2 or more natural siblings register.
(2)
A match is made when an adoptee and only 1 natural parent of the adoptee register if:
(i)
notice of the filing of the petition for adoption or guardianship was given to the nonregistering parent and the parent did not participate in the judicial proceedings that terminated the parent-child relationship or declared the parent-child relationship was nonexistent;
(ii)
an adoptee and the natural mother of the adoptee register and there is no known natural father;
(iii)
the natural mother of the adoptee, or in the case of an agency adoption, the agency submits, or the Administration obtains from a court of competent jurisdiction in the state of the adoptee’s birth or adoption, a copy of a judgment that declares that the identity of the natural father is unknown;
(iv)
the Administration has information that indicates that the other natural parent is dead;
(v)
notice of the filing of the petition for adoption or guardianship was not given to the nonregistering natural parent of the adoptee; or
(vi)
1 year has elapsed since the registering natural parent filed the affidavit and the nonregistering natural parent has not filed a notarized affidavit stating the nonregistering parent’s refusal to permit the match.
(3)
Matching information is provided:
(i)
if both natural parents are deceased; and
(ii)
if only an adoptee has registered.
(c)
(1)
In order to make a match or provide matching information, the Administration may inquire into the records of a child placement agency or court that issued an adoption or guardianship order.
(2)
The court that issued the adoption order shall order that the Administration have access to court records on receipt of a petition from the Administration that states that review of the records is needed in order to make a match or to provide matching information under this section.
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-501 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–501LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Administration” means:
(1)
the Social Services Administration of the Department; or
(2)
any other unit within the Department to which the Secretary of Human Services has delegated in writing specified responsibilities of the Administration under this subtitle.
(c)
“Foster care” means continuous 24–hour care and supportive services provided for a minor child placed by a child placement agency in an approved family home.
(d)
“Group care” means continuous 24–hour care and supportive services provided for a minor child placed in a licensed group facility.
(e)
“Kinship care” means continuous 24–hour care and supportive services provided for a minor child placed by a child placement agency in the home of a kinship parent or kinship caregiver, as those terms are defined in § 5–534 of this subtitle.
(f)
(1)
“License” means a license issued by the Administration under this subtitle.
(2)
“License” includes:
(i)
a child placement agency license;
(ii)
a child care institution license; and
(iii)
a residential educational facility license.
(g)
“Local board” means a local citizen board of review for children in out–of–home care.
(h)
“Out–of–home care” means:
(1)
out–of–home placement; and
(2)
the monitoring of and services provided to a child in aftercare following a child’s out–of–home placement.
(i)
“Out–of–home placement” means placement of a child into foster care, kinship care, group care, or residential treatment care.
(j)
“Residential educational facility” means:
(1)
a facility that:
(i)
provides special education and related services for students with disabilities;
(ii)
holds a certificate of approval issued by the State Board of Education; and
(iii)
provides continuous 24–hour care and supportive services to children in a residential setting; or
(2)
one of the following schools:
(i)
the Benedictine School;
(ii)
the Linwood School;
(iii)
the Maryland School for the Blind; or
(iv)
the Maryland School for the Deaf.
(k)
“Residential treatment care” means continuous 24–hour care and supportive services for a minor child placed in a facility that provides formal programs of basic care, social work, and health care services.
(l)
“State Board” means the State Citizens Review Board for Children.
(m)
“Voluntary placement agreement” means a binding, written agreement that:
(1)
is voluntarily entered into between a local department and:
(i)
the parent or legal guardian of a minor child; or
(ii)
a former CINA whose commitment to the local department was rescinded after the individual reached the age of 18 years but before the individual reached the age of 20 years and 6 months; and
(2)
specifies, at a minimum:
(i)
the legal status of the child or former CINA; and
(ii)
the rights and obligations of the parent or legal guardian, the child or former CINA, and the local department while the child or former CINA is in placement.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-502 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–502LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The General Assembly declares that:
(1)
minor children are not capable of protecting themselves; and
(2)
when a parent has relinquished the care of the parent’s minor child to others, there is a possibility of certain risks to the child that require compensating measures.
(b)
It is the policy of this State:
(1)
to protect minor children whose care has been relinquished to others by the children’s parent;
(2)
to resolve doubts in favor of the child when there is a conflict between the interests of a minor child and the interests of an adult; and
(3)
to encourage the development of child care services for minor children in a safe, healthy, and homelike environment.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-503 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–503LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This section does not limit the powers of the Administration under this subtitle or the Department of Juvenile Services under Title 9 of the Human Services Article.
(b)
An agent, officer, or representative of a Maryland corporation formed for the care, custody, or protection of minor children who has care or custody of a minor child has the authority and privileges of a law enforcement officer for any purpose related to the objectives of the corporation.
(c)
(1)
A person, including a person acting under claim or color of authority over a minor child as a parent, guardian, or otherwise, may not interfere with or obstruct an agent, officer, or representative described in subsection (b) of this section in relation to the care, custody, or protection of the minor child by the agent, officer, or representative.
(2)
A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-504 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–504LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Foster parents in this State have the following rights:
(1)
the right, at the initial placement, at any time during the placement of a child in foster care, and as soon as practicable after new information becomes available, to receive full information from the caseworker, except for information about the family members that may be privileged or confidential, on the physical, social, emotional, educational, and mental history of a child which would possibly affect the care provided by a foster parent;
(2)
with regard to the local department case planning, the right to:
(i)
except for meetings covered by the attorney-client privilege or meetings in which confidential information about the natural parents is discussed, be notified of, and when applicable, be heard at scheduled meetings and staffings concerning a child in order to actively participate, without superseding the rights of the natural parents to participate and make appropriate decisions regarding the child, in the case planning, administrative case reviews, interdisciplinary staffings, and individual educational planning and mental health team meetings;
(ii)
be informed of decisions made by the courts or a child welfare agency concerning a child; and
(iii)
provide input concerning the plan of services for a child and to have that input given full consideration by the local department; and
(3)
the right to be given reasonable written notice, waived only in cases of a court order or when a child is determined to be at imminent risk of harm, of plans to terminate the placement of a child with a foster parent.
(b)
This section does not create, and may not be construed to create, a cause of action for foster parents.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-505 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–505LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
“Beaded chain” means a series of small spheres, equally spaced on a cord or connected by metal shafts used to raise and lower a window covering.
(3)
“Cord loop” means a curving or doubling of a beaded chain or cord to form a closed loop.
(4)
“Cordless window covering” means:
(i)
a horizontal blind or cellular shade that has no draw cord and the internal lift cord runs in the slats of the horizontal blind so that the cord is incapable of forming a loop greater than 7.25 inches;
(ii)
a Roman shade, roll–up blind, or woven shade that has no draw cord and the lift cord is completely enclosed so that it is not accessible;
(iii)
a vertical blind that has a wand as its operating mechanism and does not contain any beaded chains, corded pulleys, or other cord loop operating mechanisms; and
(iv)
a roller shade that does not contain a cord or beaded chain.
(5)
“Draw cord” means any form of rope, strap, or string used to raise or lower a window covering.
(6)
“Internal lift cord” means a cord that is contained inside the body and rails of the blind or shade.
(7)
“Wand” means a rod used to:
(i)
rotate a vertical blind; or
(ii)
tilt a horizontal blind.
(b)
This section applies only to foster homes, family child care homes, large family child care homes, and child care centers in the State.
(c)
(1)
All new and replacement window coverings installed on or after October 1, 2010, shall be cordless window coverings.
(2)
All window coverings in place before October 1, 2010, shall meet minimum safety standards established in regulations jointly adopted by the Department and the State Department of Education that include standards for:
(i)
Roman shades, roll–up shades, woven shades, and all window coverings with exposed and unsecured cords;
(ii)
horizontal blinds, cellular shades, and all window coverings that have draw cords for their operation; and
(iii)
vertical blinds and other window covering products with loops utilized in their operation.
(3)
If a person fails to comply with the requirements of subsection (c)(2) of this section, the appropriate agency may require replacement of existing window coverings with cordless window coverings.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-505.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–505.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In consultation with interested stakeholders, the Administration shall prepare an annual report on voluntary placement agreements for children and young adults in the State.
(b)
The report shall include:
(1)
the total number of voluntary placement agreements that were:
(i)
approved;
(ii)
denied;
(iii)
requested for behavioral health reasons, including voluntary placement agreements that were requested for children with a developmental disability who are also diagnosed with a behavioral health disorder; and
(iv)
requested for children with a developmental disability who are not also diagnosed with a behavioral health disorder;
(2)
the reason for any denials; and
(3)
for voluntary placement agreements that were approved, the type of placement recommended and the type of initial placement, including:
(i)
residential treatment center;
(ii)
group home placement;
(iii)
therapeutic group home;
(iv)
diagnostic placement;
(v)
therapeutic foster home; and
(vi)
any other type of placement.
(c)
The report shall group the information required under subsection (b) of this section by the following regions:
(1)
Baltimore region, consisting of Baltimore City, Baltimore County, and Harford County;
(2)
Eastern Shore, consisting of Caroline County, Cecil County, Dorchester County, Kent County, Queen Anne’s County, Somerset County, Talbot County, Wicomico County, and Worcester County;
(3)
Metro Region, consisting of Howard County, Montgomery County, and Prince George’s County;
(4)
Southern Maryland, consisting of Anne Arundel County, Calvert County, Charles County, and St. Mary’s County; and
(5)
Western Maryland, consisting of Allegany County, Carroll County, Frederick County, Garrett County, and Washington County.
(d)
On or before December 1 each year, the Administration shall submit the report required under this section to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-505.2 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–505.2LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section, “new luggage” means a suitcase, duffel bag, backpack, or similar container that:
(i)
is designed to hold an individual’s personal belongings; and
(ii)
has not been previously used.
(2)
“New luggage” does not include a disposable bag or trash bag.
(b)
The Department shall:
(1)
establish and maintain a decentralized supply of new luggage to be used to transport the personal belongings of a child in foster care; and
(2)
develop procedures for the storage and distribution of new luggage intended for children in foster care.
(c)
(1)
Subject to paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection, the Department shall provide new luggage to a child in foster care who is:
(i)
entering foster care;
(ii)
moving from one foster care placement to another; or
(iii)
exiting foster care.
(2)
New luggage provided to a child under this subsection:
(i)
is the property of the child; and
(ii)
may not be reclaimed by the Department or retained by the child’s foster parent.
(3)
The Department is not required to provide additional new luggage under this subsection to a child who:
(i)
is changing placement; and
(ii)
is in possession of new luggage previously provided by the Department.
(4)
When providing new luggage to a child in foster care, the Department shall take into account the child’s:
(i)
age;
(ii)
mobility;
(iii)
personal items to be transported; and
(iv)
preferences.
(d)
(1)
The Department may not use disposable bags or trash bags to transport any items of a child in foster care.
(2)
The Department shall maintain a record of each instance in which a disposable bag or trash bag is used to move the personal belongings of a child in foster care.
(3)
The record required under paragraph (2) of this subsection shall include the reason the Department did not provide the child with new luggage to move the child’s personal belongings.
(e)
The Department may solicit and accept gifts, grants, and donations of any kind and from any source to carry out the provisions of this section.
(f)
On or before December 1 each year, the Department shall report to the General Assembly, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the following information:
(1)
the number of instances in which a disposable bag or trash bag was used to transport the personal belongings of a child in foster care and the reason the Department failed to provide the child in foster care with new luggage; and
(2)
the Department’s supply inventory and inventory management procedures for the new luggage supply maintained under subsection (b) of this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-506 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–506LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The General Assembly intends that:
(1)
all children whose care is the responsibility of this State shall have similar protection in terms of health, safety, and quality of care; and
(2)
the rules and regulations of agencies that are charged with child care shall be comparable.
(b)
In addition to other regulations adopted under this title, the Department may adopt regulations to carry out §§ 5-507, 5-508, 5-509, and 5-509.1 of this subtitle, which relate to the licensing of child placement agencies, child care homes, child care institutions, and residential educational facilities.
(c)
(1)
By regulation, the Department may delegate authority to child placement agencies to issue licenses or approve applicants for licenses under this subtitle.
(2)
Any regulation adopted by the Department under this subsection shall provide for an appeal to an administrative appellate authority from a decision of a child placement agency.
(d)
(1)
A child placement agency, child care home, child care institution, or residential educational facility may not be required to obtain a license from more than one State agency.
(2)
Any State agency authorized to license child placement agencies, child care homes, child care institutions, or residential educational facilities may make cooperative arrangements with any other State agency to give effect to paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(e)
The Department shall cooperate in planning and determining the cost of developing and implementing a system of evaluating the success of services to children in out–of–home placement.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-507 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–507LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person shall be licensed by the Administration as a child placement agency before the person may engage in the placement of minor children in homes or with individuals.
(b)
A license is not required:
(1)
for a person to place a child with an individual related to the child by blood or marriage within 4 degrees of consanguinity or affinity under the civil law rule;
(2)
except as provided in § 5-3B-12 of this title, for a parent or grandparent of a child to place the child directly, without the intervention of any other person except the recipient of the child; or
(3)
for a lawyer to prepare pleadings necessary to accomplish the adoption of a child or to perform any other function associated with the normal practice of law.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-509 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–509LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in this section, a person shall be licensed by the Administration as a child care institution before the person may operate an institution for the care, custody, or control of a minor child.
(b)
This section does not apply:
(1)
to an institution or facility that is operated by an agency of this State or any political subdivision of this State;
(2)
to a child care home that has a license under this subtitle or under § 9–235 of the Human Services Article; or
(3)
to an institution that accepts only children placed by the Maryland Department of Health or the Department of Juvenile Services.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-509.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–509.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section and subject to subsection (c) of this section, on or after January 1, 2000, a person shall be licensed by the Administration before the person may operate a residential educational facility.
(b)
This section does not apply:
(1)
to a child care home that has a license under this subtitle or under § 9–235 of the Human Services Article;
(2)
to a child care institution that has a license under this subtitle or under § 9–236 of the Human Services Article; or
(3)
to an institution that accepts only children placed by the Maryland Department of Health or the Department of Juvenile Services.
(c)
This section does not affect any requirement that a residential educational facility obtain a certificate of approval from the State Board of Education for its educational program.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-510 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–510LinkCopy Citation
To apply for a license under this subtitle, an applicant shall submit an application to the Administration on the form that the Administration requires.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-511 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–511LinkCopy Citation
Before any license may be issued under this subtitle to an employer to engage in an activity in which the employer may employ a covered employee, as defined in § 9-101 of the Labor and Employment Article, the employer shall file with the Administration:
(1)
a certificate of compliance with the Maryland Workers’ Compensation Act; or
(2)
the number of a workers’ compensation insurance policy or binder.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-512 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–512LinkCopy Citation
If the other state extends the same recognition and reciprocal relations to licensees under this subtitle, the Administration may recognize and deal with a person licensed or recognized by any other state as being authorized to exercise care, custody, or control of minor children or to engage in the placement of minor children.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-513 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–513LinkCopy Citation
Within 60 days after it receives the application, the Administration shall issue or deny a license under this subtitle and give notice of the action to the applicant.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-514 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–514LinkCopy Citation
A license issued under this subtitle is effective until the license is revoked or suspended under § 5-515 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-515 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–515LinkCopy Citation
Subject to the hearing provisions of § 5-516 of this subtitle, if a licensee violates any provision of this subtitle or of a rule or regulation adopted under this subtitle, the Administration may:
(1)
suspend the license for a period not exceeding 1 year; or
(2)
revoke the license.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-516 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–516LinkCopy Citation
The Administration may not suspend or revoke a license under this subtitle unless the Administration gives to the licensee:
(1)
notice of the suspension or revocation at least 20 days before the suspension or revocation;
(2)
a statement of the grounds for the suspension or revocation; and
(3)
an opportunity to be heard.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-517 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–517LinkCopy Citation
A person authorized to make a placement who is aggrieved by a decision of a child placement agency that has a delegated authority to issue or approve a license under this subtitle may appeal the decision to the administrative appellate authority designated by regulation.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-518 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–518LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A person aggrieved by a final decision of the highest administrative appellate authority in a contested case may take any further appeal as allowed by the Administrative Procedure Act.
(b)
If a further appeal is taken under this section:
(1)
any criminal prosecution of the person for carrying on without a license an activity for which the person must be licensed under this subtitle shall be stayed pending the appeal;
(2)
any injunction against the person for carrying on without a license an activity for which the person must be licensed under this subtitle shall be stayed pending the appeal; and
(3)
the court has discretion as to the care, custody, or control of any child whose care, custody, or control is the responsibility of the person.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-519 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–519LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In connection with the issuance, suspension, or revocation of a license under this subtitle, the Administration may investigate the policies, purposes, premises, and facilities of a licensee or an applicant for a license.
(b)
The Director of the Administration may petition an equity court to enjoin the activities and operations of a person who seeks to carry on, without a license, the activities for which the person must be licensed under this subtitle. The petition shall be filed in the circuit court for the county in which the person is located or has a place of business.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-520 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–520LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In placing a minor child for adoption or in giving the care, custody, or control of a minor child to any person, a licensee shall give preference to persons of the same religious belief as that of the child or the child’s parents unless the parents specifically indicate a different choice.
(b)
A person authorized to place a minor child for adoption shall compile and make available to an adoptive parent a pertinent medical history of the child’s natural parents, if possible.
(c)
A medical history compiled under this section may not disclose or permit disclosure of the names or identity of a child’s natural parents.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-521 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–521LinkCopy Citation
A person who, in violation of any provision of this Part II of this subtitle, exercises care, custody, or control of a minor child unrelated by blood or marriage or makes a placement of a minor child unrelated by blood or marriage is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-524 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–524LinkCopy Citation
The Administration shall provide child welfare services to a child and the child’s parent or guardian:
(1)
to assist in preventing the necessity of placing the child outside of the child’s home;
(2)
to reunite the child with the child’s parent or guardian after the child has been placed in foster care; or
(3)
if the child has been placed in foster care and cannot return to the child’s parent or guardian, to develop and implement an alternative permanent plan for the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-525 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–525LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
(i)
“Disability” means:
(1)
a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities;
(2)
a record of having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities; or
(3)
being regarded as having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of an individual’s major life activities.
(ii)
“Disability” shall be construed in accordance with the ADA Amendments Act of 2008, P.L. 110–325.
(3)
(i)
“Semi–independent living arrangement” means a subsidized living arrangement for youth receiving youth transitional services in an apartment, a boarder arrangement, a college dorm, or other living arrangement approved by a local department.
(ii)
“Semi–independent living arrangement” does not include an arrangement for housing in a transient or an emergency–type facility, including a rescue mission, a nonresidential hotel or motel, an adult shelter, or a tourist home.
(4)
(i)
“Unlicensed setting” means a setting for an out–of–home placement that is not licensed by a State licensing entity for custody, placement, welfare, and housing of children.
(ii)
“Unlicensed setting” includes:
(1)
a hotel, motel, or short–term rental;
(2)
a shelter designated to meet the needs of a child who has run away or who is homeless; and
(3)
an office building or other nonresidential environment.
(iii)
“Unlicensed setting” does not include:
(1)
the voluntary placement of a former CINA;
(2)
a semi–independent living arrangement; or
(3)
the placement of a child with:
(A)
an individual who is a kinship caregiver or foster parent or who is in the process of applying to be a kinship caregiver or foster parent; or
(B)
a parent, including in a family–based residential treatment setting.
(b)
(1)
The Administration shall establish a program of out–of–home placement for minor children:
(i)
who are placed in the custody of a local department, for a period of not more than 180 days, by a parent or legal guardian under a voluntary placement agreement;
(ii)
who are abused, abandoned, neglected, or dependent, if a juvenile court:
(1)
has determined that continued residence in the child’s home is contrary to the child’s welfare; and
(2)
has committed the child to the custody or guardianship of a local department; or
(iii)
who, with the approval of the Administration, are placed in an out–of–home placement by a local department under a voluntary placement agreement subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(2)
(i)
A local department may not seek legal guardianship or custody of a child under a voluntary placement agreement if the child has a developmental disability or a mental illness and the purpose of the voluntary placement agreement is to obtain treatment or care related to the child’s disability that the parent is unable to provide.
(ii)
A child described in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may remain in an out–of–home placement, including a residential placement, under a voluntary placement agreement for more than 180 days if the child’s disability necessitates care or treatment in the out–of–home placement and a juvenile court makes a finding that continuation of the placement is in the best interests of the child.
(iii)
Each local department shall designate, from existing staff, a staff person to administer requests for voluntary placement agreements for children with developmental disabilities or mental illnesses.
(iv)
If a local department receives a request for a voluntary placement agreement, the local department shall:
(1)
within 5 business days after receiving the request, schedule an assessment meeting with the child’s family and treating provider; and
(2)
within 5 business days after the assessment meeting, issue a written eligibility determination to the child’s family and referring provider.
(v)
(1)
Each local department shall report any delay in assessing the child and providing an eligibility determination as required under subparagraph (iv) of this paragraph to the Administration, including reasons for the delay and corrective actions taken by the local department.
(2)
Nothing in this subparagraph may be interpreted to prevent a local care team from providing the child and family with alternative or interim services.
(vi)
Each local department shall report annually to the Administration on the number of requests for voluntary placement agreements for children with developmental disabilities or mental illnesses that have been received, the outcome of each request, and the reason for each denial.
(3)
(i)
The Administration shall establish a program of out–of–home placement for former CINAs:
(1)
whose commitment to a local department was rescinded after the individuals reached the age of 18 years but before the individuals reached the age of 20 years and 6 months; and
(2)
who did not exit foster care due to reunification, adoption, guardianship, marriage, or uniformed services duty.
(ii)
The Administration shall adopt regulations that include eligibility requirements in accordance with federal law and regulations for providing assistance to individuals at least 18 years old.
(iii)
A local department may not seek legal custody of a former CINA under a voluntary placement agreement.
(iv)
A former CINA described in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may remain in an out–of–home placement under a voluntary placement agreement for more than 180 days if the former CINA continues to comply with the voluntary placement agreement and a juvenile court makes a finding that the continuation of the placement is in the best interests of the former CINA.
(v)
(1)
A local department shall advise a child, in writing, before emancipation of the right to reenter care and the procedures for reentering care under this paragraph.
(2)
If a local department has knowledge that a former CINA described in subparagraph (i) of this paragraph is homeless, as defined in 42 U.S.C. § 11434a, including by obtaining information regarding the former CINA’s homelessness in an application for public assistance or through contact between the former CINA and a caseworker, the local department shall contact the former CINA and advise the former CINA of the right to reenter care and procedures for reentering care under this paragraph.
(c)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, in establishing the out–of–home placement program the Administration shall:
(i)
provide time–limited family reunification services to a child placed in an out–of–home placement and to the parents or guardian of the child, in order to facilitate the child’s safe and appropriate reunification within a timely manner;
(ii)
concurrently develop and implement a permanency plan that is in the best interests of the child; and
(iii)
in consultation with the Maryland Department of Health, provide training on an annual basis for the staff at each local department who administer requests for voluntary placement agreements for children with developmental disabilities or mental illnesses under subsection (b) of this section, including training on:
(1)
timeline and procedural compliance;
(2)
trauma–informed family engagement; and
(3)
interagency coordination.
(2)
The out–of–home placement program established by the Administration shall prohibit the use of an unlicensed setting for a child.
(d)
(1)
The local department shall provide 24–hour a day care and supportive services for a child who is committed to its custody or guardianship in an out–of–home placement on a short–term basis or placed in accordance with a voluntary placement agreement.
(2)
(i)
A child may not be committed to the custody or guardianship of a local department and placed in an out–of–home placement solely because the child’s parent or guardian lacks shelter or has a disability or solely because the child’s parents are financially unable to provide treatment or care for a child with a developmental disability or mental illness.
(ii)
The local department shall make appropriate referrals to emergency shelter services and other services for the homeless family with a child which lacks shelter.
(e)
(1)
Unless a court orders that reasonable efforts are not required under § 3–812 of the Courts Article or § 5–323 of this title, reasonable efforts shall be made to preserve and reunify families:
(i)
prior to the placement of a child in an out–of–home placement, to prevent or eliminate the need for removing the child from the child’s home; and
(ii)
to make it possible for a child to safely return to the child’s home.
(2)
In determining the reasonable efforts to be made and in making the reasonable efforts described under paragraph (1) of this subsection:
(i)
a child’s parent or legal guardian need not exhaust all home– and community–based services; and
(ii)
the child’s safety and health shall be the primary concern.
(3)
Reasonable efforts to place a child for adoption or with a legal guardian may be made concurrently with the reasonable efforts described under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(4)
If continuation of reasonable efforts to reunify the child with the child’s parents or guardian is determined to be inconsistent with the permanency plan for the child:
(i)
reasonable efforts shall be made to place the child in a timely manner in accordance with the permanency plan, including consideration of both in–State and out–of–state placements, and to complete the steps to finalize the permanent placement of the child; and
(ii)
in a case in which the parent of the child is receiving treatment in a residential substance use disorder treatment program with beds or services for patients’ children and the child is in the presence of the child’s parent for the duration of the child’s parent’s treatment, the local department shall file a report with the court that explains:
(1)
why the child was not placed with the parent;
(2)
any efforts the local department has made toward placement of the child; and
(3)
any difficulties with placing the child with the parent.
(f)
(1)
In developing a permanency plan for a child in an out–of–home placement, the local department shall give primary consideration to the best interests of the child, including consideration of both in–State and out–of–state placements. The local department shall consider the following factors in determining the permanency plan that is in the best interests of the child:
(i)
the child’s ability to be safe and healthy in the home of the child’s parent;
(ii)
the child’s attachment and emotional ties to the child’s natural parents and siblings;
(iii)
the child’s emotional attachment to the child’s current caregiver and the caregiver’s family;
(iv)
the length of time the child has resided with the current caregiver;
(v)
the potential emotional, developmental, and educational harm to the child if moved from the child’s current placement; and
(vi)
the potential harm to the child by remaining in State custody for an excessive period of time.
(2)
To the extent consistent with the best interests of the child in an out–of–home placement, the local department shall consider the following permanency plans, in descending order of priority:
(i)
returning the child to the child’s parent or guardian, unless the local department is the guardian;
(ii)
placing the child with relatives to whom adoption, custody and guardianship, or care and custody, in descending order of priority, are planned to be granted;
(iii)
adoption in the following descending order of priority:
(1)
by a current foster parent with whom the child has resided continually for at least the 12 months prior to developing the permanency plan or for a sufficient length of time to have established positive relationships and family ties; or
(2)
by another approved adoptive family; or
(iv)
for a child at least 16 years old, another planned permanent living arrangement that:
(1)
addresses the individualized needs of the child, including the child’s educational plan, emotional stability, physical placement, and socialization needs; and
(2)
includes goals that promote the continuity of relations with individuals who will fill a lasting and significant role in the child’s life.
(3)
Subject to paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection and to the extent consistent with the best interests of a child in an out–of–home placement, in determining a permanency plan, the local department shall consider the following in descending order of priority:
(i)
placement of the child in the local jurisdiction where the child’s parent or guardian resides; or
(ii)
if the local department finds, based on a compelling reason, that placement of the child as described in item (i) of this paragraph is not in the best interest of the child, placement of the child in another jurisdiction in the State after considering:
(1)
the availability of resources to provide necessary services to the child;
(2)
the accessibility to family treatment, if appropriate; and
(3)
the effect on the local school system.
(g)
(1)
The local department shall:
(i)
prepare the permanency plan in writing within 60 days of the date the child comes into care;
(ii)
if the child is under the jurisdiction of the juvenile court, furnish the plan to the child’s parents, the child or the child’s counsel, and to the juvenile court; and
(iii)
maintain the plan in the agency’s case record.
(2)
The local department shall amend the plan promptly as necessary in light of the child’s situation and any court orders which affect the child.
(h)
Unless a child has received a review from the local board of review of foster care under § 5–544 of this subtitle, the local department shall perform an administrative review every 6 months to determine the success of the efforts to meet the goals set out in the permanency plan or the agreement with the parents or guardians in voluntary placements.
(i)
(1)
Foster parents who wish to adopt a foster child in their care and who wish to contest the agency’s decision to place the child with another adoptive family may, within 30 days from the removal of the child, file with the agency a request for a hearing.
(2)
Within 10 days after receipt of a request for a hearing under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the agency shall notify the Office of Administrative Hearings, which shall hold the hearing and issue a decision within 45 days of the receipt of the request.
(j)
The Administration shall adopt regulations that:
(1)
establish goals and specify permanency planning procedures that:
(i)
maximize the prospect for reducing length of stay in out–of–home placement in the best interests of children; and
(ii)
implement the intent of this section;
(2)
prohibit a local department from seeking the custody or guardianship of a child for placement in foster care solely because the child’s parent or guardian lacks shelter or has a disability or solely because the child’s parents are financially unable to provide treatment or care for a child with a developmental disability or mental illness;
(3)
specify the compelling reasons for placing a child in a local jurisdiction other than the local jurisdiction where the child’s parent or guardian resides, under subsection (f)(3)(ii) of this section;
(4)
require the local department to make appropriate referrals to emergency shelter and other services for families with children who lack shelter;
(5)
establish criteria for investigating and approving foster homes, including requirements for window coverings in accordance with § 5–505 of this subtitle;
(6)
for cases in which the permanency plan recommended by the local department or under consideration by the court includes appointment of a guardian and rescission of the local department’s custody or guardianship of a child:
(i)
establish criteria for investigating and determining the suitability of prospective relative or nonrelative guardians; and
(ii)
require the filing of a report with the court as provided in § 3–819.2 of the Courts Article; and
(7)
ensure that all children in foster care who are at least 18 years of age have a birth certificate, a Social Security card, health insurance information, medical records, and a driver’s license or State–issued identification card at emancipation.
(k)
(1)
At least one time each year, the Administration shall provide to a child in an out–of–home placement who is at least 13 years old information regarding benefits available to the child on leaving out–of–home care.
(2)
The information provided under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall include information regarding tuition assistance, health care benefits, housing, job training and internship opportunities, and the right to reenter care and procedures for reentering care under subsection (b)(3) of this section.
(3)
The Administration may provide to the child the information required under paragraph (1) of this subsection:
(i)
at a permanency planning hearing or review hearing held in accordance with § 3–823 of the Courts Article; or
(ii)
by certified mail.
(l)
(1)
The Department shall develop a Foster Youth Bill of Rights delineating the rights of children in out–of–home placements.
(2)
At least one time each year, the Administration shall provide to each child in an out–of–home placement who is at least 13 years old a copy of the Foster Youth Bill of Rights developed under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(m)
(1)
A parent or legal guardian who enters into a voluntary placement agreement under this section retains all legal and educational decision–making rights, unless otherwise agreed.
(2)
A local department may not require a parent or legal guardian to relinquish custody or guardianship of a child to access services.
(n)
(1)
A local department shall notify the parent or legal guardian of a child subject to a voluntary placement agreement of the right to petition the court for a modification of an existing child support obligation.
(2)
(i)
(1)
Except as provided in subsubparagraph 2 of this subparagraph, the Administration may not refer a child’s case to the Child Support Administration if the child’s family enters into a voluntary placement agreement under this section.
(2)
The Administration may refer the case of a child whose family has entered into a voluntary placement agreement under this section to the Child Support Administration if a child support order will not adversely affect the child or impede the completion of the child’s permanency plan.
(ii)
The court may not order the payment of child support by the parent or guardian of a child placed in out–of–home placement by a local department in accordance with a voluntary placement agreement under this section if a child support order will adversely affect the child or impede the completion of the child’s permanency plan.
(iii)
The State may not accept an assignment of the right to child support for a child placed in an out–of–home placement by a local department in accordance with a voluntary placement agreement under this section if the Administration determines that the assignment of an existing support obligation to the State will adversely affect the child or impede the completion of the child’s permanency plan.
(o)
(1)
The local behavioral health authority shall be notified of a child with special needs who is the subject of a voluntary placement agreement request for psychiatric residential treatment and who is eligible to receive medical assistance.
(2)
Nothing in this subsection may be interpreted to prevent a local care team from providing the child and family with alternative or interim services.
(p)
(1)
On or before July 1, 2027, and each July 1 thereafter, each local department shall report to the Department:
(i)
the number of voluntary placement agreement requests received in the preceding year;
(ii)
the average time it took for the local department to make a determination and placement;
(iii)
the number of requests that were denied and the reasons for the denials; and
(iv)
the average length of a hospital stay for a child awaiting a placement.
(2)
On or before December 1, 2027, and each December 1 thereafter, the Department shall publish on its website aggregated statewide data compiled from the local department reports under paragraph (1) of this subsection.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-525.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–525.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If a child placement agency to which a child is committed under § 5-525 of this subtitle determines that adoption of the child is in the best interest of the child, the child placement agency shall refer the case to the agency attorney within 60 days of the determination and the agency attorney shall file a petition for termination of the natural parent’s rights with the court within 60 days of receipt of the referral.
(b)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, a local department to which a child is committed under § 5-525 of this subtitle shall file a petition for termination of parental rights or join a termination of parental rights action that has been filed if:
(i)
the child has been in an out-of-home placement for 15 of the most recent 22 months;
(ii)
a court finds that the child is an abandoned infant; or
(iii)
a court finds that the parent has been convicted, in any state or any court of the United States, of:
(1)
a crime of violence against:
(A)
a minor offspring of the parent;
(B)
the child; or
(C)
another parent of the child; or
(2)
aiding or abetting, conspiring, or soliciting to commit a crime described in item 1 of this item.
(2)
For purposes of this subsection, a child shall be considered to have entered an out-of-home placement 30 days after the child is placed into an out-of-home placement.
(3)
A local department is not required to file a petition or join an action if:
(i)
the child is being cared for by a relative;
(ii)
the local department has documented in the case plan, which shall be available for court review, a compelling reason why termination of parental rights would not be in the child’s best interests; or
(iii)
the local department has not provided services to the family consistent with the time period in the local department’s case plan that the local department considers necessary for the safe return of the child to the child’s home.
(c)
If a petition is filed under subsection (b) of this section, the local department shall identify, recruit, process, and seek to approve a qualified family for adoption, guardianship, or other permanent placement.
(d)
This section may not be construed to:
(1)
prohibit the filing of a petition at an earlier date or under other appropriate circumstances; or
(2)
require a local department to file a petition or, except as otherwise provided by law, require expedited termination of parental rights for a child in kinship care.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-525.2 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–525.2LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
“Sibling” means a brother or sister of the whole or half blood or by adoption.
(3)
“Treatment foster care home” means an out–of–home placement facility that is part of a program designed and implemented by a child placement agency to provide intensive casework and treatment in a family setting to children with special physical, emotional, or behavioral needs.
(b)
(1)
A local department shall place together siblings who are in an out–of–home placement under § 5–525 of this subtitle if:
(i)
it is in the best interests of the siblings to be placed together; and
(ii)
placement of the siblings together does not conflict with a specific health or safety regulation.
(2)
If placement of the siblings together conflicts with a specific health or safety regulation, the local department may place the siblings together if the local department makes a written finding describing how placement of the siblings together serves the best interests of the siblings.
(3)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in order to place siblings together the local department may place more than two children who require treatment in an eligible treatment foster care home if:
(i)
the local department makes a written finding explaining why placement of the siblings together:
(1)
is in the best interests of the siblings; and
(2)
will not harm other children placed at the same treatment foster care home; and
(ii)
the local department notifies the Administration of the placement.
(c)
(1)
Any siblings who are separated due to a foster care or adoptive placement may petition a court, including a juvenile court with jurisdiction over one or more of the siblings, for reasonable sibling visitation rights.
(2)
If a petitioner under this subsection petitions a court to issue a visitation decree or to amend an order, the court:
(i)
may hold a hearing to determine whether visitation is in the best interest of the children;
(ii)
shall weigh the relative interests of each child and base its decision on the best interests of the children promoting the greatest welfare and least harm to the children; and
(iii)
may issue an appropriate order or decree.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-525.3 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–525.3LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to subsection (b) of this section, an individual enrolled in an accredited institution of higher education or a residential vocational training program may return to an out–of–home placement provider with whom the individual was previously placed if:
(1)
the individual is unable to remain on the institution’s or training program’s campus due to a scheduled break, a temporary closure of the institution or training program, or a temporary leave of absence;
(2)
the individual’s living arrangement is mutually agreed to by the individual, the out–of–home placement provider, and the provider agency; and
(3)
the Department has reviewed and approved the individual’s request to return to the out–of–home placement provider.
(b)
(1)
To return to an out–of–home placement provider with whom an individual was previously placed during a scheduled break of an institution of higher education or a residential vocational training program, the individual shall make a request to a local department to return to the out–of–home placement provider at least 30 days before the scheduled break.
(2)
A local department shall make a recommendation to the Department regarding a request made under paragraph (1) of this subsection not later than 21 days before the scheduled break.
(3)
If a local department recommends approving an individual’s request to return to an out–of–home placement provider during a scheduled break, the Department shall make a determination regarding the local department’s recommendation not later than 14 days before the scheduled break.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-526 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–526LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
The Department shall provide for the care, diagnosis, training, education, and rehabilitation of children by placing them in group homes and institutions that are operated by for-profit or nonprofit charitable corporations.
(2)
Any group home utilized under the provisions of this section shall comply with the provisions of §§ 5-507 through 5-509 of this subtitle and § 7-309 of the Education Article.
(3)
The department that licenses the group home shall notify any group home utilized under the provisions of this section of the requirements of § 7-309 of the Education Article.
(b)
(1)
The Department shall reimburse these corporations for the cost of these services at appropriate monthly rates that the Department determines, as provided in the State budget.
(2)
The reimbursement rate may differ between homes and institutions that provide intermediate services, as defined by the Department, and homes and institutions that provide full services.
(c)
The Department, or the Department’s designee, may not place a child in a residential group home or other facility that is not operating in compliance with applicable State licensing laws.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-527 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–527LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Department shall adopt rules and regulations that establish eligibility guidelines for payment for foster care for 1 or more classes of children, including children who are in need of special care.
(b)
(1)
For a child who does not need special care, the Department shall pay for foster care in a single family home at a monthly rate that is not less than 55% of the monthly rate provided in subsection (c) of this section for a child who requires the most demanding special care in a single family home.
(2)
The monthly rate shall include increments based on the age of the child.
(c)
The Department shall pay for foster care for a child who needs the most demanding special care in a single family home at a monthly rate that is not less than the higher of:
(1)
the rate that the Department paid in fiscal year 1975; and
(2)
the rate that the Department of Juvenile Services pays for the current fiscal year.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-527.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–527.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This section applies to children committed to the custody of the Department.
(b)
When applying for benefits under this section for a child in the Department’s custody, the Department shall, in cooperation with the child’s attorney, identify a representative payee or fiduciary in accordance with the requirements of 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.2021 and 416.621.
(c)
Consistent with federal law, when the Department serves as the representative payee or in any other fiduciary capacity for a child receiving Veterans Administration benefits, Supplemental Security Income, or Social Security benefits, the Department shall:
(1)
use or conserve the benefits in the child’s best interest, including using the benefits for services for special needs not otherwise provided by the Department or conserving the benefits for the child’s reasonably foreseeable future needs;
(2)
ensure that when the child attains the age of 14 years and until the Department no longer serves as the representative payee or fiduciary, a minimum percentage of the child’s benefits are not used to reimburse the State for the costs of care for the child and are used or conserved in accordance with items (3) and (4) of this subsection, as follows:
(i)
from age 14 through age 15, at least 40%;
(ii)
from age 16 through age 17, at least 80%; and
(iii)
from age 18 through age 20, 100%;
(3)
for the child’s benefits or resources that are below or not subject to any federal asset or resource limit, exercise discretion in accordance with federal law and in the best interest of the child to conserve the funds or use the funds for services for special needs not otherwise provided by the Department, including choosing one or more of the options listed under item (4) of this subsection;
(4)
appropriately monitor any federal asset or resource limits for the benefits and ensure that the child’s best interest is served by using or conserving the benefits in a way that avoids violating any federal asset or resource limits that would affect the child’s eligibility to receive the benefits, including:
(i)
applying to the Social Security Administration to establish a Plan for Achieving Self–Support (PASS) account for the child under the Social Security Act and determining whether it is in the best interest of the child to conserve all or part of the benefits in the PASS account;
(ii)
establishing a 529A plan for the child and conserving the child’s benefits in that account in a manner that appropriately avoids any federal asset or resource limits;
(iii)
establishing an individual development account for the child and conserving the child’s benefits in that account in a manner that appropriately avoids any federal asset or resource limits;
(iv)
establishing a special needs trust for the child and conserving the child’s benefits in the trust in a manner that is consistent with federal requirements for special needs trusts and that appropriately avoids any federal asset or resource limits;
(v)
if the Department determines that using the benefits for services for current special needs not already provided by the Department is in the best interests of the child, using the benefits for those services;
(vi)
if federal law requires certain back payments of benefits to be placed in a dedicated account, complying with the requirements for dedicated accounts under 20 C.F.R. § 416.640(e); and
(vii)
applying any other exclusions from federal asset or resource limits available under federal law and using or conserving the child’s benefits in a manner that appropriately avoids any federal asset or resource limits;
(5)
provide an annual accounting to the child and the child’s attorney of how the child’s resources, including Veterans Administration benefits, Supplemental Security Income, and Social Security benefits, have been used or conserved in accordance with this section; and
(6)
provide the child with financial literacy training when the child has attained the age of 14 years.
(d)
(1)
The Department shall immediately notify the child through the child’s attorney of:
(i)
any application for Veterans Administration benefits, Supplemental Security Income, or Social Security benefits made on the child’s behalf or any application to become representative payee for those benefits on the child’s behalf;
(ii)
any decisions or communications from the Veterans Administration or the Social Security Administration regarding an application for benefits described under item (i) of this paragraph; and
(iii)
any appeal or other action requested by the Department regarding an application for benefits described under item (i) of this paragraph.
(2)
When the Department serves as the representative payee or otherwise receives Veterans Administration benefits, Supplemental Security Income, or Social Security benefits on the child’s behalf, the Department shall provide notice to the child through the child’s attorney of the following before each juvenile court hearing regarding the child:
(i)
the dates and the amount of benefit funds received on the child’s behalf since any prior notification to the child’s attorney; and
(ii)
information regarding all the child’s assets and resources, including the child’s benefits, insurance, cash assets, trust accounts, earnings, and other resources.
(e)
This section may not be construed to affect any additional notice required by a State court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-528 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–528LinkCopy Citation
If the costs are not reimbursable under the Maryland Medical Assistance Program, the Department shall reimburse a foster care provider for payment of the following medical costs for a child under foster care:
(1)
prescription drugs;
(2)
nonprescription drugs that are recommended by a physician;
(3)
replacement of eyeglasses; and
(4)
any other service that was covered by regulations under the Maryland Medical Assistance Program on December 31, 1975.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-529 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–529LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “foster parent” includes an individual who cares for a minor child on an emergency basis under a shelter care program.
(b)
(1)
The Administration shall provide liability insurance for foster parents who care for children under foster parent programs.
(2)
The liability insurance shall provide coverage for:
(i)
bodily injury and property damage that a foster child causes to a person or the property of a person other than a foster parent; and
(ii)
actions against a foster parent by a natural parent for any accident to the child.
(3)
The Administration may establish a reasonable deductible limit.
(c)
(1)
Subject to the provisions of this section, the Secretary of Human Services shall reimburse a foster parent for costs of bodily injury or property damage that the child causes to the foster parent and that insurance does not cover.
(2)
Before reimbursement under this subsection, the Secretary of Human Services shall be satisfied that the actions of the foster parent did not contribute substantially to the bodily injury or property damage sustained.
(3)
Reimbursement under this subsection shall be made for all costs to a maximum amount of $5,000. However, all payments in excess of $2,000 require the approval of the Board of Public Works.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-530 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–530LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Department may contribute to the support of a child formerly under foster care after the child is adopted.
(b)
The support may include payment for:
(1)
maintenance costs;
(2)
medical, dental, and surgical expenses;
(3)
psychiatric and psychological expenses; and
(4)
any other cost necessary for the child’s care and well-being.
(c)
The amount and duration of the support may vary according to the needs of the child and the income of the adoptive parents.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-530.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–530.1LinkCopy Citation
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-531 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–531LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A local department may pay reasonable funeral expenses, not exceeding $650, for a child who was receiving foster care under this subtitle, if:
(1)
no individual who was legally responsible for the support of the child is able to pay; and
(2)
other resources, including insurance benefits or the child’s estate, are insufficient.
(b)
The cost of funeral expenses shall be charged to State funds.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-532 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–532LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Administration shall adopt rules and regulations to carry out the child welfare services and foster care programs under this subtitle.
(b)
The regulations shall authorize the Administration to:
(1)
conduct a background check of child support arrearages on an applicant for foster home approval who is also a biological or adoptive parent;
(2)
consider any child support arrearage in determining whether to approve or disapprove the application; and
(3)
notify the appropriate criminal or juvenile delinquency court if the Administration has information indicating that the child’s interests as a victim are not adequately protected in a case before the court.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-533 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–533LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section, “residential facility for children” means a public or private facility that provides shelter for minors for more than 30 consecutive days in an out-of-home placement.
(2)
“Residential facility for children” includes:
(i)
a child care institution or child care home licensed under this title;
(ii)
a group home, runaway home, residential treatment program, or independent living program;
(iii)
a State facility;
(iv)
a certified drug abuse facility; or
(v)
a certified alcohol abuse facility.
(3)
“Residential facility for children” does not include:
(i)
a foster care home;
(ii)
a hospital, hospice, or medical care facility; or
(iii)
a regional institute for children and adolescents.
(b)
(1)
A residential facility for children shall maintain contracts or other agreements with appropriate health care providers to provide the following health care services for each child who resides in the facility for more than 30 consecutive days:
(i)
a physical examination and necessary medical treatment; and
(ii)
appropriate mental health services.
(2)
Within 30 days after a child is placed in a residential facility for children the residential facility shall ensure that a health care provider:
(i)
conducts a physical examination of the child; and
(ii)
provides a report on the findings of the examination to the residential facility for children where the child resides.
(c)
(1)
Upon the finding of a court of competent jurisdiction, a residential facility for children that violates this section shall be fined $25 per day per child for each day that the violation exists.
(2)
If a fine is imposed on a residential facility for children, the director or the administrator of the residential facility for children may be liable for payment of the fine.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-534 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–534LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section, “kinship caregiver” means an individual:
(i)
with whom a child who is in the care, custody, or guardianship of the local department may be placed for temporary or long–term care other than adoption; and
(ii)
who is approved by the local department under subsection (e) of this section.
(2)
“Kinship caregiver” includes:
(i)
a kinship parent;
(ii)
an individual who is related to the child through blood or marriage, adoption, tribal law or custom, or cultural custom or practice; and
(iii)
an individual who is unrelated to the child but has a strong familial or other significant bond with the child, or is a person identified by the child’s parent.
(b)
The Secretary of Human Services shall establish and maintain a kinship care program.
(c)
(1)
In selecting a placement that is in the best interests of a child in need of out–of–home placement, in the absence of good cause to the contrary, the local department shall give preference to placement with a kinship caregiver.
(2)
The local department shall exhaust all reasonable resources to make proactive, thorough, and timely efforts to locate a kinship caregiver for initial placement of the child.
(3)
If the local department cannot locate a kinship caregiver at the time of the initial placement, then preference shall be given to a placement that most approximates a family in which the child’s special needs, if any, may be met, taking into account the following:
(i)
the proximity of the placement to the child’s home, extended family, or siblings;
(ii)
the child’s culture or language continuity;
(iii)
the child’s age; and
(iv)
the child’s developmental and educational needs.
(4)
If a kinship caregiver is located subsequent to the placement of a child in a foster care setting, the local department shall, in the best interest of the child, place the child with the kinship caregiver.
(d)
A kinship caregiver may not be under the age of 18 years.
(e)
(1)
The local department shall approve an individual as a kinship caregiver if:
(i)
the individual is related to the child through blood or marriage, adoption, tribal law or custom, or cultural custom or practice;
(ii)
the individual has a strong familial or other significant bond to the child or the child’s family or is a person identified by the child’s parent; and
(iii)
placement with the individual is in the child’s best interest.
(2)
A prospective kinship caregiver shall provide to the local department any information the local department requests to enable the local department to determine whether the individual meets the criteria specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection.
(f)
The Administration shall adopt regulations and policies consistent with this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-535 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–535LinkCopy Citation
There is a State Citizens Review Board for Children.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-536 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–536LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
The State Board consists of 11 members.
(2)
Of the 11 members:
(i)
1 shall be appointed by the Governor from the Governor’s staff;
(ii)
3 shall be from the eighth judicial circuit, to be chosen by and from among the members of the local boards in the circuit; and
(iii)
1 shall be from each of the remaining judicial circuits, to be chosen by and from among the members of the local boards in the respective circuits.
(b)
(1)
The term of a member is 2 years.
(2)
A member may not serve on the State Board beyond the completion of the term of the member on the local board.
(3)
At the end of a term, a member continues to serve until a successor is appointed and qualifies.
(4)
A member who is appointed after a term has begun serves only for the rest of the term and until a successor is appointed and qualifies.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-537 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–537LinkCopy Citation
(a)
From among its members, the State Board shall elect a chair and a vice chair by majority vote.
(b)
(1)
The terms of the chair and vice chair are 2 years.
(2)
At the end of a term, the chair or vice chair continues to serve until a successor is elected.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-538 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–538LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The State Board shall meet not less than once every 3 months and more frequently on the call of the chair.
(b)
A member of the State Board:
(1)
may not receive compensation; but
(2)
is entitled to reimbursement for expenses under the Standard State Travel Regulations, as provided in the State budget.
(c)
The State Board may employ a staff in accordance with the State budget.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-539 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–539LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The State Board may adopt policies and procedures that:
(1)
relate to the functions of the local boards; and
(2)
are consistent with the goals set forth in § 5–544 of this subtitle.
(b)
The State Board shall:
(1)
provide a training program for members of the local boards and local citizens review panels;
(2)
review and coordinate the activities of the local boards;
(3)
adopt policies and procedures that relate to reports and any other information that is required for any public or private agency or institution;
(4)
make recommendations to the Secretary of Human Services and the General Assembly regarding:
(i)
the response of the State to child abuse and neglect; and
(ii)
out–of–home care policies, procedures, and practices; and
(5)
report to the Secretary of Human Services and, subject to § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly on the first day of each year on the status of children in out–of–home placement in this State.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-539.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–539.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In addition to any duties set forth elsewhere, the State Board shall, by examining the policies, procedures, and practices of State and local agencies and by reviewing, where appropriate, specific cases, evaluate the extent to which State and local agencies are effectively discharging their child protection responsibilities in accordance with:
(1)
the State plan under 42 U.S.C. § 5106a(b);
(2)
the child protection standards set forth in 42 U.S.C. § 5106a(b); and
(3)
any other criteria that the State Board considers important to ensure the protection of children, including:
(i)
a review of the extent to which the State child protective services system is coordinated with the foster care and adoption program established under Part E of Title IV of the Social Security Act; and
(ii)
a review of child fatalities and near fatalities.
(b)
(1)
Case reviews conducted under subsection (a) of this section shall include questions designed to meet the quality assessment goals for casework services in § 5–1308 of this title.
(2)
The State Board shall tabulate and analyze the results of all case reviews conducted under subsection (a) of this section and submit the results and findings for consideration as part of the local department self–assessment process in § 5–1309 of this title.
(3)
The State Board shall tabulate and analyze the results of all case reviews, both on a jurisdictional and a statewide basis, and submit the results and findings to the Department on a quarterly basis.
(c)
The State Board shall:
(1)
provide for public outreach and comment; and
(2)
make available to the public systemic findings and recommendations of the State Board, the local citizen review panel, if any, and the local boards.
(d)
The State Board may:
(1)
by a majority vote of its members add up to four members with expertise in the prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect for the purpose of performing its duties under this section; and
(2)
to assist the State Board in its reviews of specific cases, designate:
(i)
local teams composed of members of local boards of out–of–home care of children and staff; or
(ii)
local citizens review panels established under § 5–539.2 of this subtitle.
(e)
In consultation with local citizens review panels and the State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect, the State Board shall develop protocols that govern the scope of activities of local citizens review panels to reflect the provisions of the federal Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (42 U.S.C. § 5101 et seq.).
(f)
The State Board shall coordinate its activities under this section with the State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect, the State Child Fatality Review Team, local citizens review panels, and the local child fatality review teams in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort.
(g)
(1)
The State Board shall submit to the Secretary of Human Services and, subject to § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly on or before January 1 of each year and prepare and make available to the public a report containing a summary of its activities, findings, and recommendations under this section.
(2)
The State Board may combine the reports required under paragraph (1) of this subsection and § 5–539 of this subtitle.
(h)
Within 120 days after receiving the report from the State Board under § 5–539 of this subtitle or the report under subsection (g) of this section, the Secretary of Human Services shall send a written response to the State Board describing the actions to be taken by the Department in response to the recommendations of the State Board.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-539.2 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–539.2LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A local government may establish a local citizens review panel to assist and advise the State Board and the State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect.
(2)
Two or more counties may establish a multicounty local citizens review panel, in accordance with a memorandum of understanding executed by the governing bodies of each participating county.
(b)
Except as provided in subsection (c)(2) of this section, the members and chair of a local citizens review panel shall be appointed by the local governing body.
(c)
Membership on a local citizens review panel shall be representative of the local jurisdiction and include:
(1)
individuals with expertise in the prevention and treatment of child abuse and neglect, such as child advocates, volunteers of the court–appointed special advocate program, attorneys who represent children, parent and consumer representatives, law enforcement representatives, and health, human, and educational services professionals; and
(2)
one member from the local jurisdiction, who is appointed by the State Board and one who is appointed by the State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect.
(d)
(1)
The term of a member is 4 years.
(2)
At the end of a term, a member continues to serve until a successor is appointed and qualifies.
(e)
A local panel shall:
(1)
evaluate the extent to which State and local agencies in that jurisdiction are effectively fulfilling their responsibilities in accordance with the child protection standards and the State plan under 42 U.S.C. § 5106a(b) and any other criteria that the panel considers important for the protection of children;
(2)
issue reports on its findings to the State Board and the State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect; and
(3)
carry out case reviews and other duties as requested to assist the State Board and the State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-539.3 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–539.3LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The members of the State Board and the Board’s designees and staff:
(1)
may not disclose to any person or government official any identifying information about any specific child protection case about which the State Board is provided information; and
(2)
may make public other information unless prohibited by law.
(b)
In addition to any other penalties provided by law, the Secretary of Human Services may impose on any person who violates subsection (a) of this section a civil penalty not exceeding $500 for each violation.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-540 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–540LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, there shall be at least 1 local board of review for minor children in out–of–home care in each county.
(b)
Instead of a local board in each county, 2 or more counties may agree to establish a single multicounty local board in accordance with a memorandum of understanding executed by the participating counties.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-541 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–541LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A local board consists of 7 members appointed by the Governor.
(2)
If a single multicounty local board is established for 2 or more counties, and if it is necessary that 1 or more of those counties have a greater number of members on the local board in order for the local board to have 7 members, the greater number of members shall be appointed from the counties that have the largest out–of–home care populations, in order of the size of the out–of–home care populations.
(b)
(1)
Each member of a local board shall be a resident of a county that is served by the local board.
(2)
Each member of a local board shall:
(i)
be a citizen who has demonstrated an interest in minor children through community service, professional experience, or similar activities; or
(ii)
have a background in law, sociology, psychology, psychiatry, education, social work, or medicine.
(c)
(1)
The term of a member is 4 years.
(2)
At the end of a term, a member continues to serve until a successor is appointed and qualifies.
(3)
A member who is appointed after a term has begun serves only for the rest of the term and until a successor is appointed and qualifies.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-542 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–542LinkCopy Citation
(a)
From among its members, each local board shall elect a chair by majority vote.
(b)
The term of the chair is 4 years.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-543 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–543LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A member of a local board or local panel may not receive compensation.
(b)
Each member of a local board or local panel is subject to the same standards of confidentiality as an employee of the Administration.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-544 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–544LinkCopy Citation
The goals of each local board are:
(1)
as to minor children who reside in out–of–home care under the jurisdiction of a local department, to conduct case reviews and individual child advocacy activities in accordance with those case reviews under the protocols established by the State Board;
(2)
in cooperation with other local boards, if any, in the county, to make recommendations regarding how the out–of–home care system may be improved;
(3)
to coordinate its findings and recommendations under item (2) of this section with a local citizens review panel serving the county;
(4)
to meet with the director of the local department and the judge in charge of the juvenile court in the county to discuss the board’s findings and recommendations; and
(5)
to assist the State Board in holding community forums as required in § 5–539.1 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-545 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–545LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Each local board shall review children in out–of–home care in accordance with the regulations adopted by the State Board and the Secretary of Human Services.
(2)
The regulations adopted by the State Board and the Secretary of Human Services shall require that the local boards review cases based on priorities agreed upon by the Department and the State Board and stated in a memorandum of agreement.
(b)
Each local board shall report in writing to the juvenile court and the local department on each minor child whose case is reviewed by the local board.
(c)
In the report, the local board shall include, where applicable, the following findings and recommendations:
(1)
the applicability of provisions authorizing the waiver of reunification services in § 3–812 of the Courts Article;
(2)
the appropriateness of the termination of parental rights for a minor child, including the applicability of the requirements and exceptions described in § 5–525.1 of this subtitle;
(3)
agreement or disagreement with the permanency plan;
(4)
any reasonable efforts made toward the preservation of family relationships and connections;
(5)
the identification of barriers to achieve timely permanency;
(6)
whether the child is receiving appropriate services to achieve the stated permanency goal;
(7)
any reasonable efforts made towards a permanent placement and preparing the child for successful adulthood, if applicable;
(8)
the level of safety of current and planned living arrangements and the adequacy of the Department’s efforts to keep the child safe;
(9)
the appropriateness of the current living arrangement and agreement or disagreement with the local department’s placement plan;
(10)
the appropriateness of efforts to meet the child’s education and health care needs; and
(11)
any reasonable efforts made towards promoting the child’s relationship with individuals who will play a lasting, supportive role in the child’s life.
(d)
(1)
If the local board finds under subsection (c)(9) of this section that a child’s current living arrangement is not appropriate and the child is not placed in the jurisdiction of origin, the local board shall explain why the arrangement is inappropriate, including whether:
(i)
resources are not available to meet the child’s service needs;
(ii)
family treatment services are not accessible;
(iii)
distance is a barrier to family visitation; or
(iv)
the local school system is not meeting the child’s educational needs.
(2)
If the local board disagrees under subsection (c)(9) of this section with the local department’s placement plan and the child would be placed outside the jurisdiction of origin, the local board shall explain why the plan is inappropriate, including whether:
(i)
resources are not available to meet the child’s service needs;
(ii)
family treatment services are not accessible;
(iii)
distance is a barrier to family visitation; or
(iv)
the local school system is not meeting the child’s educational needs.
(e)
(1)
The State Board shall tabulate and analyze the results of the case reviews and submit the results and findings for consideration as part of the local department self–assessment process in § 5–1309 of this title.
(2)
The State Board shall tabulate and analyze results of case reviews, both on a jurisdictional and a statewide basis, and submit the results and findings to the Department on a quarterly basis.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-546 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–546LinkCopy Citation
A public or private agency or institution shall give to the State Board and local boards any information that the boards request to perform their duties.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-547 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–547LinkCopy Citation
This Part IV of this subtitle:
(1)
may not be construed to restrict or alter the authority of any public or private agency or institution that deals with out–of–home placement, adoption, or related matters; and
(2)
is related to and should be read in relation to Subtitle 13 of this title and §§ 5–524, 5–525, 5–525.1, and 5–534 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-550 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–550LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this Part V of this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Authorized agency” means a State, county, or municipal government agency.
(c)
“Central Repository” means the Criminal Justice Information System Central Repository of the Department.
(d)
“Conviction” means a plea or verdict of guilty or a plea of nolo contendere.
(e)
“Criminal history records check” means a records check of the criminal history record information maintained by the Central Repository or the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(f)
“Department” means the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services.
(g)
(1)
“Employee” means a person that for compensation is employed to work in a facility identified in § 5–551 of this subtitle and who:
(i)
cares for or supervises children in the facility; or
(ii)
has access to children who are cared for or supervised in the facility.
(2)
“Employee” includes:
(i)
a person who:
(1)
participates in a pool described in subsection (h)(2) of this section;
(2)
for compensation will be employed on a substitute or temporary basis to work in a facility identified in § 5–551(a)(1) or (2) of this subtitle; and
(3)
will care for or supervise children in the facility or will have access to children who are cared for or supervised in the facility; and
(ii)
a contractor or subcontractor who will have direct, unsupervised, and uncontrolled access to children in a facility identified in § 5–551(a) of this subtitle.
(3)
“Employee” does not include any person employed to work for compensation by the Department of Juvenile Services.
(h)
(1)
“Employer” means an owner, operator, proprietor, or manager of a facility identified in § 5–551 of this subtitle who has frequent contact with children who are cared for or supervised in the facility.
(2)
For purposes of §§ 5–551(f), 5–554(1), 5–555(b) and (e), and 5–557 of this subtitle, “employer” includes a child care resource and referral center, an association of registered family child care providers, and an association of licensed child care centers to the extent that the center or association establishes and maintains a pool of individuals who are qualified to work as substitute or temporary employees in a facility identified in § 5–551(a)(1) or (2) of this subtitle.
(3)
“Employer” does not include a State or local agency responsible for the temporary or permanent placement of children in a facility identified in § 5–551 of this subtitle.
(i)
“Local department” has the meaning stated in § 1–101(h) of this article.
(j)
“Private entity” means a nongovernmental agency, organization, or employer.
(k)
“Secretary” means the Secretary of Public Safety and Correctional Services.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-551 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–551LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The following facilities shall require employees and employers to obtain a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle:
(1)
a child care center required to be licensed under Title 9.5, Subtitle 4 of the Education Article;
(2)
a family child care home or large family child care home required to be registered under Title 9.5, Subtitle 3 of the Education Article;
(3)
a child care home required to be licensed under Title 9 of the Human Services Article;
(4)
a child care institution required to be licensed under this subtitle by an administration of the Department;
(5)
a child care institution required to be licensed under Title 9 of the Human Services Article;
(6)
a juvenile detention, correction, or treatment facility provided for in Title 9 of the Human Services Article;
(7)
a public school as defined in Title 1 of the Education Article;
(8)
a private or nonpublic school required to report annually to the State Board of Education under Title 2 of the Education Article;
(9)
a foster care family home or group facility as defined under this subtitle;
(10)
a recreation center or recreation program operated by the State, a local government, or a private entity primarily serving minors;
(11)
a day or residential camp, as defined in Title 10, Subtitle 16 of the Code of Maryland Regulations, primarily serving minors; or
(12)
a home health agency or residential service agency licensed by the Maryland Department of Health and authorized under Title 19 of the Health – General Article to provide home– or community–based health services for minors.
(b)
The following individuals shall obtain a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle:
(1)
an individual who is seeking to adopt a child through a child placement agency;
(2)
an individual who is seeking to become a guardian through a local department;
(3)
an individual whom the juvenile court appoints as a guardian of a child;
(4)
an adult relative with whom a child, committed to a local department, is placed by the local department;
(5)
any adult known by a local department or the State Department of Education to be residing in:
(i)
a family child care home or large family child care home required to be registered under this title;
(ii)
a home where informal child care, as defined in child care subsidy regulations adopted under Title 13A of the Code of Maryland Regulations, is being provided or will be provided to a child who does not reside there;
(iii)
a home of an adult relative of a child with whom the child, committed to a local department, is placed by the local department;
(iv)
a foster care home or child care home required to be approved under this title;
(v)
a home of an individual seeking to adopt a child through a child placement agency; or
(vi)
a home of an individual seeking to become a guardian through a local department;
(6)
an individual who agrees to provide, or to continue providing, informal child care, as defined in child care subsidy regulations, adopted under Title 13A of the Code of Maryland Regulations;
(7)
if requested by a local department:
(i)
a parent or guardian of a child who is committed to the local department and is or has been placed in an out–of–home placement within the past year; and
(ii)
any adult known by the local department to be residing in the home of the parent or guardian; and
(8)
an adult or an individual who is not a relative and who agrees to provide care as a result of a sudden unavailability of the child’s primary caretaker, including:
(i)
a neighbor;
(ii)
a friend;
(iii)
an acquaintance;
(iv)
a community member; or
(v)
a colleague or coworker of the child’s primary caretaker.
(c)
An employer at a facility under subsection (a) of this section may require a volunteer at the facility to obtain a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle.
(d)
A local department may require a volunteer of that department who works with children to obtain a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle.
(e)
An employer at a facility not identified in subsection (a) of this section who employs individuals to work with children may require employees, including volunteers, to obtain a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle.
(f)
An employer, as defined in § 5–550(h)(2) of this subtitle, shall require an employee, as defined in § 5–550(g)(2) of this subtitle, to obtain a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle.
(g)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person who is required to have a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle shall pay for:
(i)
the mandatory processing fee required by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a national criminal history records check;
(ii)
reasonable administrative costs to the Department, not to exceed 10% of the processing fee; and
(iii)
the fee authorized under § 10–221(b)(7) of the Criminal Procedure Article for access to Maryland criminal history records.
(2)
A volunteer under subsection (c), (d), or (e) of this section who volunteers for a program that is registered with the Maryland Mentoring Partnership is required to pay only the mandatory processing fee required by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a national criminal history records check.
(h)
(1)
An employer or other party may pay for the costs borne by the employee or other individual under subsection (g) of this section.
(2)
The local department shall reimburse:
(i)
an adult residing in a foster care home for the costs borne by the individual under subsection (g) of this section; and
(ii)
an individual described in subsection (b)(7)(ii) of this section for the costs borne by the individual under subsection (g) of this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-552 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–552LinkCopy Citation
(a)
On or before the 1st day of actual employment of an employee, a facility identified in § 5–551 of this subtitle shall apply to the Department for a national and State criminal history records check for an employee.
(b)
On or before the 1st day of actual operation of a facility identified in § 5–551 of this subtitle, an employer shall apply to the Department for a national and State criminal history records check.
(c)
Before an individual may be approved to provide or to continue providing informal child care, as defined in child care subsidy regulations adopted under Title 13A of the Code of Maryland Regulations, the individual shall apply to the Department for a national and State criminal history records check.
(d)
Within 5 days after a local department places a child who is committed to the local department with an adult relative, an individual identified in § 5–551(b) or (d) of this subtitle shall apply to the Department for a national and State criminal history records check.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-553 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–553LinkCopy Citation
The employee, employer, and individual identified in § 5–551(b), (c), (d), or (e) of this subtitle shall complete and sign a sworn statement or affirmation disclosing the existence of a criminal conviction, probation before judgment disposition, not criminally responsible disposition, or pending criminal charges without a final disposition.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-554 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–554LinkCopy Citation
The Department shall adopt regulations requiring:
(1)
employers to verify periodically the continuing employment of an employee and the continuing assignment of a volunteer;
(2)
State or local agencies that license, register, approve, or certify any of the facilities identified in § 5–551(a) of this subtitle to verify periodically the continuing licensure, registration, approval, or certification of a facility or the continuing assignment of individuals identified in § 5–551(d) of this subtitle; and
(3)
child placement agencies that place a child as described in § 5–551(b) of this subtitle to verify periodically the continuing participation or presence of individuals identified in § 5–551(b) of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-554.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–554.1LinkCopy Citation
The State Department of Education shall conduct a cross–reference check, including cross–referencing the individual and the individual’s address, with the central registry of registrants transmitted weekly by the Department under § 11–713 of the Criminal Procedure Article, of:
(1)
an employee, employer, or individual identified in § 5–551(a)(1) or (2) or (b)(5)(i) of this subtitle; and
(2)
an individual who provides or agrees to provide informal child care, as defined in child care subsidy regulations adopted under Title 13A of the Code of Maryland Regulations.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-555 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–555LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Department shall conduct the criminal history records checks required under this Part V of this subtitle.
(b)
(1)
The facilities identified in § 5–551(a) of this subtitle shall apply to the Central Repository for a national and State criminal history records check for each employee, employer, individual, or volunteer.
(2)
As part of an application for a criminal history records check, a facility identified in § 5–551(a) of this subtitle shall submit to the Central Repository:
(i)
a legible set of the employee’s, employer’s, individual’s, or volunteer’s fingerprints taken in a format approved by the Director of the Central Repository and the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation;
(ii)
the fee authorized under § 10–221(b)(7) of the Criminal Procedure Article for access to State criminal history records; and
(iii)
the mandatory processing fee required by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a national criminal history records check.
(3)
In accordance with §§ 10–201 through 10–229 of the Criminal Procedure Article, the Central Repository shall forward the employee’s, employer’s, individual’s, or volunteer’s:
(i)
State criminal history record information to the employee, employer, individual, or volunteer; and
(ii)
national criminal history record information to the authorized agencies required to license, register, approve, or certify the facility identified in § 5–551(a) of this subtitle.
(c)
The Department shall update an initial criminal history records check for an employee, employer, or individual identified in § 5–551(b), (c), (d), or (e) of this subtitle and issue an updated records check in accordance with this subsection.
(d)
The Department shall provide an applicant’s initial and updated State criminal history record to:
(1)
the recipients of the State criminal history record specified in subsection (e) of this section; and
(2)
the State Department of Education if the applicant is:
(i)
an employee of or an adult resident in a child care center that is required to be licensed or to hold a letter of compliance under Title 9.5, Subtitle 4 of the Education Article;
(ii)
an employee of or an adult resident in a family child care home or large family child care home that is required to be registered under Title 9.5, Subtitle 3 of the Education Article; or
(iii)
an individual who provides or agrees to provide informal child care or an adult who resides in a home where informal child care is being provided or will be provided to a child who does not reside there.
(e)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, on receiving a written request from an employee, the Department shall disseminate the national and State criminal history records check to authorized agencies if the criminal history records check was completed during the prior 180 days.
(2)
On receiving a written request from a student teacher employed under § 6–107 of the Education Article, the Department shall disseminate the national and State criminal history records check to authorized agencies if the criminal history records check was completed during the prior 365 days.
(f)
Information obtained from the Central Repository under this subtitle:
(1)
is confidential;
(2)
may not be disseminated; and
(3)
may be used only for the purposes authorized by this subtitle.
(g)
The subject of a criminal history records check under this subtitle may contest the contents of the national and State criminal history records check issued by the Central Repository as provided in § 10–223 of the Criminal Procedure Article.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-556 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–556LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An individual who fails to disclose a conviction, a probation before judgment disposition, a not criminally responsible disposition, or the existence of pending charges for a criminal offense or attempted criminal offense as required under § 5–553 of this subtitle shall be guilty of perjury and upon conviction is subject to the penalty provided by law.
(b)
Unless otherwise provided, a person who violates any provision of this Part V of this subtitle is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or both.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-557 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–557LinkCopy Citation
The following governmental units or persons shall have the immunity from civil or criminal liability described under § 5–619 of the Courts Article in connection with a criminal history records check under this Part V of this subtitle:
(1)
an employer; and
(2)
a State or local agency, including a local department.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-558 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–558LinkCopy Citation
On or before August 15, 1986, the Secretary shall:
(1)
provide for the adoption of a specified form or forms to be used in applying for the criminal history records check to be issued by the Department, including an appropriate disclosure statement;
(2)
designate the appropriate State or local law enforcement offices in the State, or other approved locations, where fingerprints may be obtained and application for a criminal history records check may be made; and
(3)
adopt rules and regulations necessary and reasonable to administer this Part V of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-559 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 5. Child Care; Foster Care
§ 5–559LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “emergency out–of–home placement” means an out–of–home placement in which a local department places a child in the home of an individual described in § 5–551(b) of this subtitle as a result of a sudden unavailability of the child’s primary caretaker.
(b)
(1)
In addition to the requirements under § 5–551(b) of this subtitle, if a child is placed in an emergency out–of–home placement, a local department may request that a designated State or local law enforcement agency in the State conduct a national name–based check on any individual described in § 5–551(b) of this subtitle.
(2)
The designated State or local law enforcement agency described in paragraph (1) of this subsection may provide the results of the name–based check to the local department.
(3)
Within 15 calendar days after the date on which the State or local law enforcement agency conducts the name–based check, the local department shall submit a complete set of fingerprints to the Department for each individual described in paragraph (1) of this subsection on whom a name–based check was conducted.
(4)
On receipt of the complete set of fingerprints described in paragraph (3) of this subsection, the Department shall perform a national criminal history records check, in accordance with § 5–555 of this subtitle.
(c)
A child shall be removed immediately from an emergency out–of–home placement if any individual required to submit to a name–based check refuses to submit the follow–up fingerprints.
(d)
When the placement of a child in a home is denied as a result of a name–based criminal history records check of an individual and the individual contests that denial, the individual shall submit to the local department:
(1)
a complete set of fingerprints; and
(2)
written permission allowing the local department to forward the fingerprints to the Department for submission to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
(e)
An individual who is required to submit to a criminal history records check under this section shall pay the fees required under § 5–551(g) of this subtitle.
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-601 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–601LinkCopy Citation
The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children is hereby entered into by this State with all states legally joining in the compact in the form substantially as follows:
(1)
Financial responsibility for any child placed pursuant to the provisions of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of § 5–606 of this subtitle. However, in the event of partial or complete default of performance thereunder, the provisions of state laws fixing responsibility for the support of children also may be invoked.
(2)
The “appropriate public authorities” as used in § 5–604 of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children shall, with reference to this State, mean the Department of Human Services. This Department shall receive and act with reference to notices required by § 5–604 of this subtitle.
(3)
As used in § 5–606(a) of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children, the phrase “appropriate authority in the receiving state” with reference to this State shall mean the Department of Human Services.
(4)
The officers and agencies of this State and its subdivisions having authority to place children are hereby empowered to enter into agreements with appropriate officers or agencies of or in other party states pursuant to § 5–606(b) of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children. Any such agreement which contains a financial commitment or imposes a financial obligation on this State or subdivision or agency thereof shall not be binding unless it has the approval in writing of the Department of Human Services.
(5)
Any requirements for visitation, inspection or supervision of children, homes, institutions or other agencies in another party state which may apply shall be deemed to be met if performed pursuant to an agreement entered into by appropriate officers or agencies of this State or a subdivision thereof as contemplated by § 5–606(b) of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children.
(6)
Any provisions of law restricting out–of–state placement shall not apply to placements made pursuant to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children.
(7)
Any court having jurisdiction to place delinquent children may place such a child in an institution of or in another state pursuant to § 5–607 of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children and shall retain jurisdiction as provided in § 5–606 of this subtitle.
(8)
As used in § 5–608 of the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children, the term “executive head” means the Governor. The Governor is hereby authorized to appoint a compact administrator in accordance with the terms of § 5–608 of this subtitle.
(9)
The definitions in § 1–101 of this article do not apply to the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children set forth in this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-602 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–602LinkCopy Citation
It is the purpose and policy of the party states to cooperate with each other in the interstate placement of children to the end that:
(1)
Each child requiring placement shall receive the maximum opportunity to be placed in a suitable environment and with persons or institutions having appropriate qualifications and facilities to provide a necessary and desirable degree and type of care.
(2)
The appropriate authorities in a state where a child is to be placed may have full opportunity to ascertain the circumstances of the proposed placement, thereby promoting full compliance with applicable requirements for the protection of the child.
(3)
The proper authorities of the state from which the placement is made may obtain the most complete information on the basis of which to evaluate a projected placement before it is made.
(4)
Appropriate jurisdictional arrangements for the care of children will be promoted.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-603 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–603LinkCopy Citation
As used in this compact:
(1)
“Child” means a person who, by reason of minority, is legally subject to parental, guardianship or similar control.
(2)
“Sending agency” means a party state, officer or employee thereof; a subdivision of a party state, or officer or employee thereof; a court of a party state; a person, corporation, association, charitable agency or other entity which sends, brings, or causes to be sent or brought any child to another party state.
(3)
“Receiving state” means the state to which a child is sent, brought, or caused to be sent or brought, whether by public authorities or private persons or agencies, and whether for placement with state or local public authorities or for placement with private agencies or persons.
(4)
“Placement” means the arrangement for the care of a child in a family free or boarding home or in a child-caring agency or institution but does not include any institution caring for the mentally ill, mentally defective or epileptic or any institution primarily educational in character, and any hospital or other medical facility.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-604 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–604LinkCopy Citation
(a)
No sending agency shall send, bring, or cause to be sent or brought into any other party state any child for placement in foster care or as a preliminary to a possible adoption unless the sending agency shall comply with each and every requirement set forth in this section and with the applicable laws of the receiving state governing the placement of children therein.
(b)
Prior to sending, bringing or causing any child to be sent or brought into a receiving state for placement in foster care or as a preliminary to a possible adoption, the sending agency shall furnish the appropriate public authorities in the receiving state written notice of the intention to send, bring, or place the child in the receiving state. The notice shall contain:
(1)
the name, date and place of birth of the child.
(2)
the identity and address or addresses of the parents or legal guardian.
(3)
the name and address of the person, agency or institution to or with which the sending agency proposes to send, bring, or place the child.
(4)
a full statement of the reasons for such proposed action and evidence of the authority pursuant to which the placement is proposed to be made.
(c)
Any public officer or agency in a receiving state which is in receipt of a notice pursuant to subsection (b) of this section may request of the sending agency, or any other appropriate officer or agency of or in the sending agency’s state, and shall be entitled to receive therefrom such supporting or additional information as it may deem necessary under the circumstances to carry out the purpose and policy of this compact.
(d)
The child shall not be sent, brought, or caused to be sent or brought into the receiving state until the appropriate public authorities in the receiving state shall notify the sending agency, in writing, to the effect that the proposed placement does not appear to be contrary to the interests of the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-605 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–605LinkCopy Citation
The sending, bringing, or causing to be sent or brought into any receiving state of a child in violation of the terms of this compact shall constitute a violation of the laws respecting the placement of children of both the state in which the sending agency is located or from which it sends or brings the child and of the receiving state. Such violation may be punished or subjected to penalty in either jurisdiction in accordance with its laws. In addition to liability for any such punishment or penalty, any such violation shall constitute full and sufficient grounds for the suspension or revocation of any license, permit, or other legal authorization held by the sending agency which empowers or allows it to place, or care for children.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-606 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–606LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The sending agency shall retain jurisdiction over the child sufficient to determine all matters in relation to the custody, supervision, care, treatment and disposition of the child which it would have had if the child had remained in the sending agency’s state, until the child is adopted, reaches majority, becomes self-supporting or is discharged with the concurrence of the appropriate authority in the receiving state. Such jurisdiction shall also include the power to effect or cause the return of the child or its transfer to another location and custody pursuant to law. The sending agency shall continue to have financial responsibility for support and maintenance of the child during the period of the placement. Nothing contained herein shall defeat a claim of jurisdiction by a receiving state sufficient to deal with an act of delinquency or crime committed therein.
(b)
When the sending agency is a public agency, it may enter into an agreement with an authorized public or private agency in the receiving state providing for the performance of one or more services in respect of such case by the latter as agent for the sending agency.
(c)
Nothing in this compact shall be construed to prevent a private charitable agency authorized to place children in the receiving state from performing services or acting as agent in that state for a private charitable agency of the sending state; nor to prevent the agency in the receiving state from discharging financial responsibility for the support and maintenance of a child who has been placed on behalf of the sending agency without relieving the responsibility set forth in subsection (a) of this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-607 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–607LinkCopy Citation
A child adjudicated delinquent may be placed in an institution in another party jurisdiction pursuant to this compact but no such placement shall be made unless the child is given a court hearing on notice to the parent or guardian with opportunity to be heard, prior to the child being sent to such other party jurisdiction for institutional care and the court finds that:
(1)
equivalent facilities for the child are not available in the sending agency’s jurisdiction; and
(2)
institutional care in the other jurisdiction is in the best interest of the child and will not produce undue hardship.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-608 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–608LinkCopy Citation
The executive head of each jurisdiction party to this compact shall designate an officer who shall be general coordinator of activities under this compact in that jurisdiction and who, acting jointly with like officers of other party jurisdictions, shall have power to promulgate rules and regulations to carry out more effectively the terms and provisions of this compact.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-609 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–609LinkCopy Citation
This compact shall not apply to:
(1)
the sending or bringing of a child into a receiving state by the child’s parent, step-parent, grandparent, adult brother or sister, adult uncle or aunt, or guardian and leaving the child with any such relative or non-agency guardian in the receiving state.
(2)
any placement, sending or bringing of a child into a receiving state pursuant to any other interstate compact to which both the state from which the child is sent or brought and the receiving state are party, or to any other agreement between said states which has the force of law.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-610 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–610LinkCopy Citation
This compact shall be open to joinder by any state, territory or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and with the consent of Congress, the government of Canada or any province thereof. It shall become effective with respect to any such jurisdiction when such jurisdiction has enacted the same into law. Withdrawal from this compact shall be by the enactment of a statute repealing the same, but shall not take effect until two years after the effective date of such statute and until written notice of the withdrawal has been given by the withdrawing state to the governor of each other party jurisdiction. Withdrawal of a party state shall not affect the rights, duties and obligations under this compact of any sending agency therein with respect to a placement made prior to the effective date of withdrawal.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-611 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 6. Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children
§ 5–611LinkCopy Citation
The provisions of this compact shall be liberally construed to effectuate the purposes thereof. The provisions of this compact shall be severable and if any phrase, clause, sentence or provision of this compact is declared to be contrary to the constitution of any party state or of the United States or the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance is held invalid, the validity of the remainder of this compact and the applicability thereof to any government, agency, person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. If this compact shall be held contrary to the constitution of any state party thereto, the compact shall remain in full force and effect as to the remaining states and in full force and effect as to the state affected as to all severable matters.
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-701 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–701LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in § 5–705.1 of this subtitle, in this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
(1)
“Abuse” means:
(i)
the physical or mental injury of a child under circumstances that indicate that the child’s health or welfare is harmed or at substantial risk of being harmed by:
(1)
a parent;
(2)
a household member or family member;
(3)
a person who has permanent or temporary care or custody of the child;
(4)
a person who has responsibility for supervision of the child; or
(5)
a person who, because of the person’s position or occupation, exercises authority over the child;
(ii)
sexual abuse of a child, whether physical injuries are sustained or not; or
(iii)
labor trafficking of a child by any individual.
(2)
“Abuse” includes female genital mutilation, as defined in § 20–601 of the Health – General Article.
(3)
“Abuse” does not include the physical injury of a child by accidental means.
(c)
“Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(d)
“Centralized confidential database” means the Department’s confidential computerized data system that contains information regarding child abuse and neglect investigations and assessments.
(e)
“Child” means any individual under the age of 18 years.
(f)
Repealed.
(g)
(1)
“Educator or human service worker” means any professional employee of any correctional, public, parochial or private educational, health, juvenile service, social or social service agency, institution, or licensed facility.
(2)
“Educator or human service worker” includes:
(i)
any teacher;
(ii)
any counselor;
(iii)
any social worker;
(iv)
any caseworker; and
(v)
any probation or parole officer.
(h)
“Family member” means a relative by blood, adoption, or marriage of a child.
(i)
(1)
“Health practitioner” includes any person who is authorized to practice healing under the Health Occupations Article or § 13–516 of the Education Article.
(2)
“Health practitioner” does not include an emergency medical dispatcher.
(j)
“Household” means the location:
(1)
in which the child resides;
(2)
where the abuse or neglect is alleged to have taken place; or
(3)
where the person suspected of abuse or neglect resides.
(k)
“Household member” means a person who lives with, or is a regular presence in, a home of a child at the time of the alleged abuse or neglect.
(l)
“Indicated” means a finding that there is credible evidence, which has not been satisfactorily refuted, that abuse, neglect, or sexual abuse did occur.
(m)
“Labor trafficking” means knowingly:
(1)
taking, placing, harboring, persuading, inducing, or enticing a child by force, fraud, or coercion to provide services or labor; or
(2)
receiving a benefit or thing of value from the provision of services or labor by a child that was induced by force, fraud, or coercion.
(n)
(1)
“Law enforcement agency” means a State, county, or municipal police department, bureau, or agency.
(2)
“Law enforcement agency” includes:
(i)
a State, county, or municipal police department or agency;
(ii)
a sheriff’s office;
(iii)
a State’s Attorney’s office; and
(iv)
the Attorney General’s office.
(o)
Except as provided in §§ 5–705.1 and 5–714 of this subtitle, “local department” means the local department that has jurisdiction in the county:
(1)
where the allegedly abused or neglected child lives; or
(2)
if different, where the abuse or neglect is alleged to have taken place.
(p)
“Local department case file” means that component of the Department’s confidential computerized database that contains information regarding child abuse and neglect investigations to which access is limited to the local department staff responsible for the investigation.
(q)
“Local State’s Attorney” means the State’s Attorney for the county:
(1)
where the allegedly abused or neglected child lives; or
(2)
if different, where the abuse or neglect is alleged to have taken place.
(r)
“Mental injury” means the observable, identifiable, and substantial impairment of a child’s mental or psychological ability to function caused by an intentional act or series of acts, regardless of whether there was an intent to harm the child.
(s)
“Neglect” means the leaving of a child unattended or other failure to give proper care and attention to a child by any parent or other person who has permanent or temporary care or custody or responsibility for supervision of the child under circumstances that indicate:
(1)
that the child’s health or welfare is harmed or placed at substantial risk of harm; or
(2)
mental injury to the child or a substantial risk of mental injury.
(t)
“Police officer” means any State or local officer who is authorized to make arrests as part of the officer’s official duty.
(u)
“Record” means the original or any copy of any documentary material, in any form, including a report of suspected child abuse or neglect, that is made by, received by, or received from the State, a county, or a municipal corporation in the State, or any subdivision or agency concerning a case of alleged child abuse or neglect.
(v)
“Report” means an allegation of abuse or neglect, made or received under this subtitle.
(w)
“Ruled out” means a finding that abuse, neglect, or sexual abuse did not occur.
(x)
“Sex trafficking” means the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a child for the purpose of a commercial sex act.
(y)
“Sexual abuse” means any act that involves:
(1)
sexual molestation or exploitation of a child by:
(i)
a parent;
(ii)
a household member or family member;
(iii)
a person who has permanent or temporary care or custody of the child;
(iv)
a person who has responsibility for supervision of the child; or
(v)
a person who, because of the person’s position or occupation, exercises authority over the child; or
(2)
sex trafficking of a child by any individual.
(z)
“Sexual molestation or exploitation” includes:
(1)
allowing or encouraging a child to engage in:
(i)
obscene photography, films, poses, or similar activity;
(ii)
pornographic photography, films, poses, or similar activity; or
(iii)
prostitution;
(2)
incest;
(3)
rape;
(4)
sexual offense in any degree; and
(5)
any other sexual conduct that is a crime.
(aa)
“Unsubstantiated” means a finding that there is an insufficient amount of evidence to support a finding of indicated or ruled out.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-702 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–702LinkCopy Citation
The purpose of this subtitle is to protect children who have been the subject of abuse or neglect by:
(1)
mandating the reporting of any suspected abuse or neglect;
(2)
giving immunity to any individual who reports, in good faith, a suspected incident of abuse or neglect;
(3)
requiring prompt investigation of each reported suspected incident of abuse or neglect;
(4)
causing immediate, cooperative efforts by the responsible agencies on behalf of children who have been the subject of reports of abuse or neglect; and
(5)
requiring each local department to give the appropriate service in the best interest of the abused or neglected child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-703 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–703LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The provisions of this subtitle are in addition to and not in substitution for the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Courts Article.
(b)
Except as otherwise provided in § 5–705.1 of this subtitle, the provisions of this subtitle apply only to:
(1)
suspected abuse or neglect that is alleged to have occurred in this State; and
(2)
suspected abuse or neglect of a child who lives in this State, regardless of where the suspected abuse or neglect is alleged to have occurred.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-704 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–704LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, including any law on privileged communications, each health practitioner, police officer, educator, or human service worker, acting in a professional capacity in this State who has reason to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect:
(1)
shall notify the local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency; and
(2)
if acting as a staff member of a hospital, public health agency, child care institution, juvenile detention center, school, or similar institution, shall immediately notify and give all information required by this section to the head of the institution or the designee of the head.
(b)
(1)
An individual who notifies the appropriate authorities under subsection (a) of this section shall make:
(i)
an oral report, by telephone or direct communication, as soon as possible to the local department or appropriate law enforcement agency; and
(ii)
a written report:
(1)
to the local department not later than 48 hours after the contact, examination, attention, or treatment that caused the individual to believe that the child had been subjected to abuse or neglect; and
(2)
with a copy to the local State’s Attorney.
(2)
(i)
An agency to which an oral report of suspected abuse or neglect is made under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall immediately notify the other agency.
(ii)
This paragraph does not prohibit a local department and an appropriate law enforcement agency from agreeing to cooperative arrangements.
(c)
Insofar as is reasonably possible, an individual who makes a report under this section shall include in the report the following information:
(1)
the name, age, and home address of the child;
(2)
the name and home address of the child’s parent or other person who is responsible for the child’s care;
(3)
the whereabouts of the child;
(4)
the nature and extent of the abuse or neglect of the child, including any evidence or information available to the reporter concerning possible previous instances of abuse or neglect; and
(5)
any other information that would help to determine:
(i)
the cause of the suspected abuse or neglect; and
(ii)
the identity of any individual responsible for the abuse or neglect.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-704.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–704.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An individual may notify the local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency if the individual has reason to believe that a parent, guardian, or caregiver of a child allows the child to reside with or be in the regular presence of an individual, other than the child’s parent or guardian, who:
(1)
is registered under Title 11, Subtitle 7 of the Criminal Procedure Article based on the commission of an offense against a child; and
(2)
based on additional information, poses a substantial risk of sexual abuse to the child.
(b)
(1)
A report under subsection (a) of this section may be oral or in writing.
(2)
If acting as a staff member of a hospital, public health agency, child care institution, juvenile detention center, school, or similar institution, an individual who notifies the appropriate authorities under subsection (a) of this section immediately shall notify and give all of the information required by this section to the head of the institution or the designee of the head of the institution.
(c)
To the extent reasonably possible, an individual who makes a report under this section shall include in the report the following information:
(1)
the name, age, and home address of the child;
(2)
the name and home address of the child’s parent or other person who is responsible for the child’s care;
(3)
the whereabouts of the child;
(4)
the nature and extent of the substantial risk of sexual abuse of the child, including any evidence or information available to the reporter concerning possible previous instances of sexual abuse; and
(5)
any other information that would help to determine:
(i)
the cause of the substantial risk of sexual abuse; and
(ii)
the identity of any individual responsible for the substantial risk of sexual abuse.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-704.2 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–704.2LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
“Controlled drug” means a controlled dangerous substance included in Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule III, Schedule IV, or Schedule V under Title 5, Subtitle 4 of the Criminal Law Article.
(3)
“Health care practitioner” has the meaning stated in § 1–301 of the Health Occupations Article.
(4)
“Newborn” means a child under the age of 30 days who is born or who receives care in the State.
(b)
For purposes of this section, a newborn is “substance–exposed” if the newborn:
(1)
displays a positive toxicology screen for a controlled drug as evidenced by any appropriate test after birth;
(2)
displays the effects of controlled drug use or symptoms of withdrawal resulting from prenatal controlled drug exposure as determined by medical personnel; or
(3)
displays the effects of a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
(c)
Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, a health care practitioner involved in the delivery or care of a substance–exposed newborn shall:
(1)
make an oral report to the local department as soon as possible; and
(2)
make a written report to the local department not later than 48 hours after the contact, examination, attention, treatment, or testing that prompted the report.
(d)
In the case of a substance–exposed newborn in a hospital or birthing center, a health care practitioner shall notify and provide the information required under this section to the head of the institution or the designee of the head.
(e)
A health care practitioner is not required to make a report under this section if the health care practitioner:
(1)
has knowledge that the head of an institution or the designee of the head or another individual at that institution has made a report regarding the substance–exposed newborn; or
(2)
has verified that, at the time of delivery:
(i)
the mother was using a controlled substance as currently prescribed for the mother by a licensed health care practitioner;
(ii)
the newborn does not display the effects of withdrawal from controlled substance exposure as determined by medical personnel;
(iii)
the newborn does not display the effects of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder; and
(iv)
the newborn is not affected by substance abuse.
(f)
To the extent known, an individual who makes a report under this section shall include in the report the following information:
(1)
the name, date of birth, and home address of the newborn;
(2)
the names and home addresses of the newborn’s parents;
(3)
the nature and extent of the effects of the prenatal alcohol or drug exposure on the newborn;
(4)
the nature and extent of the impact of the prenatal alcohol or drug exposure on the mother’s ability to provide proper care and attention to the newborn;
(5)
the nature and extent of the risk of harm to the newborn; and
(6)
any other information that would support a conclusion that the needs of the newborn require a prompt assessment of risk and safety, the development of a plan of safe care for the newborn, and referral of the family for appropriate services.
(g)
Within 48 hours after receiving the notification pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, the local department shall:
(1)
see the newborn in person;
(2)
consult with a health care practitioner with knowledge of the newborn’s condition and the effects of any prenatal alcohol or drug exposure; and
(3)
attempt to interview the newborn’s mother and any other individual responsible for care of the newborn.
(h)
(1)
Promptly after receiving a report under subsection (c) of this section, the local department shall assess the risk of harm to and the safety of the newborn to determine whether any further intervention is necessary.
(2)
If the local department determines that further intervention is necessary, the local department shall:
(i)
develop a plan of safe care for the newborn;
(ii)
assess and refer the family for appropriate services, including alcohol or drug treatment; and
(iii)
as necessary, develop a plan to monitor the safety of the newborn and the family’s participation in appropriate services.
(i)
A report made under this section does not create a presumption that a child has been or will be abused or neglected.
(j)
The Secretary of Human Services shall adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-704.3 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–704.3LinkCopy Citation
A local department that receives a report of suspected abuse or neglect under this subtitle involving a child who is a suspected victim of sex trafficking or labor trafficking shall refer the child to any appropriate regional navigator, as defined in § 5–704.4 of this subtitle, for the jurisdiction where the trafficking occurred or where the child is a resident for services.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-704.4 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–704.4LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
“Child advocacy center” has the meaning stated in § 13–2201 of the Health – General Article.
(3)
“Executive Director” means the Executive Director of the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention and Policy.
(4)
“Qualified community–based victim services provider” means a nonprofit organization with:
(i)
demonstrated expertise providing direct services to victims of sex trafficking or sexually exploited youth;
(ii)
the capacity to provide victim–centered, trauma–informed case management for youth victims of sex trafficking;
(iii)
a demonstrated history of working in the community where services will be provided; and
(iv)
the ability to collaborate with other agencies, including law enforcement, sexual assault crisis programs, child advocacy centers, and other direct services providers.
(5)
“Regional navigator” means a provider of services designated by a grantee of the Safe Harbor Regional Navigator Grant Program established under subsection (b) of this section.
(6)
“Sex trafficking” has the meaning stated in § 5–701 of this subtitle.
(7)
“Sexual assault crisis program” means a program certified by the federally recognized State sexual assault coalition.
(8)
“Youth” means an individual under the age of 24 years.
(b)
(1)
There is a Safe Harbor Regional Navigator Grant Program.
(2)
The purpose of the program is to support services for youth victims of sex trafficking and labor trafficking by:
(i)
creating and sustaining projects to provide services for youth victims of sex trafficking that are victim–centered and trauma–informed;
(ii)
facilitating and coordinating among local departments, the Department of Juvenile Services, sexual assault crisis programs, child advocacy programs, local offices of the Office of the Public Defender, and other state and local agencies responding to youth victims of sex trafficking and labor trafficking;
(iii)
ensuring that youth victims of sex trafficking and labor trafficking have access to services described under subsection (e) of this section;
(iv)
increasing the State’s capacity to respond to youth sex trafficking and labor trafficking; and
(v)
training providers to appropriately identify and serve youth victims of sex trafficking and labor trafficking.
(c)
A grantee under the program may include:
(1)
a child advocacy center;
(2)
a sexual assault crisis program; or
(3)
a qualified community–based victim services provider.
(d)
Grants under this section shall be awarded:
(1)
to ensure that emergency and long–term services are available for youth victims of sex trafficking and labor trafficking in every jurisdiction in the State by January 1, 2022; and
(2)
to provide services in one jurisdiction or in more than one similar jurisdiction in the same region.
(e)
Services coordinated and provided by a grantee under this section shall include:
(1)
safety planning;
(2)
emergency response;
(3)
basic living needs, including housing;
(4)
trauma counseling and mental health services;
(5)
drug and alcohol abuse treatment;
(6)
legal services;
(7)
victim advocacy;
(8)
case management; and
(9)
designation of regional navigators.
(f)
Notwithstanding any appropriation made under subsection (h) of this section, not later than October 1, 2019, the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention and Policy shall provide grant funding for services provided by the Safe Harbor Regional Navigator Grant Program.
(g)
(1)
Every 2 years, beginning December 1, 2019, the Executive Director shall submit an independent evaluation report with qualitative and quantitative data to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly regarding whether services coordinated and provided by grantees under this section are available, adequate, and successfully serving children and youth who are victims of sex trafficking and labor trafficking.
(2)
Beginning December 1, 2019, the Department of Human Services shall annually report to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly on:
(i)
the number of reports of child sex trafficking and labor trafficking made in the State in the preceding year;
(ii)
the outcome or disposition of reports of child sex trafficking and labor trafficking made in the State in the preceding year; and
(iii)
the number of referrals made to regional navigators under this section in the preceding year.
(h)
The Governor may annually appropriate up to $3,000,000 for grant funding provided under this section.
(i)
The Executive Director may adopt regulations to carry out this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-705 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–705LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, notwithstanding any other provision of law, including a law on privileged communications, a person in this State other than a health practitioner, police officer, or educator or human service worker who has reason to believe that a child has been subjected to abuse or neglect shall notify the local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency.
(2)
A person is not required to provide notice under paragraph (1) of this subsection:
(i)
in violation of the privilege described under § 9–108 of the Courts Article;
(ii)
if the notice would disclose matter communicated in confidence by a client to the client’s attorney or other information relating to the representation of the client; or
(iii)
in violation of any constitutional right to assistance of counsel.
(3)
A minister of the gospel, clergyman, or priest of an established church of any denomination is not required to provide notice under paragraph (1) of this subsection if the notice would disclose matter in relation to any communication described in § 9–111 of the Courts Article and:
(i)
the communication was made to the minister, clergyman, or priest in a professional character in the course of discipline enjoined by the church to which the minister, clergyman, or priest belongs; and
(ii)
the minister, clergyman, or priest is bound to maintain the confidentiality of that communication under canon law, church doctrine, or practice.
(b)
(1)
An agency to which a report of suspected abuse or neglect is made under subsection (a) of this section shall immediately notify the other agency.
(2)
This subsection does not prohibit a local department and an appropriate law enforcement agency from agreeing to cooperative arrangements.
(c)
A report made under subsection (a) of this section may be oral or in writing.
(d)
(1)
To the extent possible, a report made under subsection (a) of this section shall include the information required by § 5–704(c) of this subtitle.
(2)
A report made under subsection (a) of this section shall be regarded as a report within the provisions of this subtitle, whether or not the report contains all of the information required by § 5–704(c) of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-705.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–705.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “local department” means a department of social services for a county in this State.
(b)
The following provisions of this subtitle shall apply to the reporting of suspected abuse or neglect under this section:
(1)
except as provided in subsection (a) of this section, the definitions set forth in § 5-701 of this subtitle;
(2)
the provisions relating to the confidentiality of reports specified in § 5-707(a)(1) and (2) of this subtitle; and
(3)
the provisions relating to immunity from civil liability or criminal penalty specified in § 5-708 of this subtitle.
(c)
(1)
If suspected abuse or neglect is alleged to have occurred outside of this State and the victim is currently a child who lives outside of this State, a person who would be required to report suspected abuse or neglect under the provisions of § 5-704 or § 5-705 of this subtitle shall report the suspected abuse or neglect to any local department in accordance with paragraph (2) of this subsection.
(2)
A person described in § 5-704 of this subtitle shall make:
(i)
an oral report, by telephone or direct communication, as soon as possible; and
(ii)
a written report not later than 48 hours after the contact, examination, attention, or treatment that caused the person to believe that the child had been subjected to abuse or neglect.
(3)
A person described in § 5-705 of this subtitle shall make an oral or a written report.
(4)
To the extent possible, a report under this subsection shall include the information specified in § 5-704(c) of this subtitle.
(d)
Promptly after receiving a report of suspected abuse or neglect under this section, the local department shall forward the report to the appropriate agency outside of this State that is authorized to receive and investigate reports of suspected abuse or neglect.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-705.2 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–705.2LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An individual may not intentionally prevent or interfere with the making of a report of suspected abuse or neglect required by § 5–704 or § 5–705.1(c)(2) of this subtitle.
(b)
A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-705.3 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–705.3LinkCopy Citation
In addition to any other provision of law relating to child abuse and neglect, a local department that receives a report of suspected child abuse under § 5–704 or § 5–705 of this subtitle shall notify the State Superintendent of Schools’ designee within 48 hours if the report concerns:
(1)
a family child care home or large family child care home; or
(2)
a child care center.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-705.4 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–705.4LinkCopy Citation
If an agency participating in an investigation under § 5–706 of this subtitle has substantial grounds to believe that a person has knowingly failed to report suspected abuse or neglect as required by § 5–704 of this subtitle, the agency shall:
(1)
file a complaint with the appropriate licensing board in accordance with the provisions of the Health Occupations Article if the person is a health practitioner;
(2)
file a complaint with the appropriate law enforcement agency if the person is a police officer; or
(3)
file a complaint with the county board of education or the appropriate agency, institution, or licensed facility at which the person is employed if the person is an educator or a human service worker.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-705.5 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–705.5LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “Military Family Advocacy Program” means the program established by the United States Department of Defense to address child abuse and neglect and domestic abuse in military families.
(b)
A local department that has a United States military installation located within its jurisdiction shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with the Military Family Advocacy Program at the local military installation.
(c)
A memorandum of understanding under this section shall establish procedures and protocols for:
(1)
identifying an individual alleged to have committed abuse or neglect as military personnel;
(2)
reporting by a local department to a military family advocacy program when an investigation implicating military personnel has been initiated; and
(3)
maintaining confidentiality requirements under State and federal law.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-706 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–706LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section, “alternative response” means a component of the child protective services program that provides for a comprehensive assessment of:
(i)
risk of harm to the child;
(ii)
risk of subsequent child abuse or neglect;
(iii)
family strengths and needs; and
(iv)
the provision of or referral for necessary services.
(2)
“Alternative response” does not include:
(i)
an investigation; or
(ii)
a formal determination as to whether child abuse or neglect has occurred.
(b)
Promptly after receiving a report of suspected abuse or neglect of a child who lives in this State that is alleged to have occurred in this State, the local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency, or both, if jointly agreed on, shall make a thorough investigation of a report of suspected abuse or neglect to protect the health, safety, and welfare of the child or children.
(c)
Within 24 hours after receiving a report of suspected physical or sexual abuse of a child who lives in this State that is alleged to have occurred in this State, and within 5 days after receiving a report of suspected neglect or suspected mental injury of a child who lives in this State that is alleged to have occurred in this State, the local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency shall:
(1)
see the child;
(2)
attempt to have an on–site interview with the child’s caretaker;
(3)
decide on the safety of the child, wherever the child is, and of other children in the household; and
(4)
decide on the safety of other children in the care or custody of the alleged abuser.
(d)
The investigation under subsection (c) of this section shall include:
(1)
a determination of the nature, extent, and cause of the abuse or neglect, if any;
(2)
if mental injury is suspected, an assessment by two of the following:
(i)
a licensed physician, as defined in § 14–101 of the Health Occupations Article;
(ii)
a licensed psychologist, as defined in § 18–101 of the Health Occupations Article;
(iii)
a licensed social worker, as defined in § 19–101 of the Health Occupations Article; or
(iv)
a clinical professional counselor licensed under Title 17 of the Health Occupations Article; and
(3)
if the suspected abuse or neglect is verified:
(i)
a determination of the identity of the person or persons responsible for the abuse or neglect;
(ii)
a determination of the name, age, and condition of any other child in the household;
(iii)
an evaluation of the parents and the home environment;
(iv)
a determination of any other pertinent facts or matters; and
(v)
a determination of any needed services.
(e)
On request by the local department, the local State’s Attorney shall assist in an investigation under subsections (c) and (d) of this section.
(f)
The local department, the appropriate law enforcement agencies, the State’s Attorney within each county and Baltimore City, the local department’s office responsible for child care regulation, the local health officer, and the local child advocacy center shall enter into a written agreement that specifies standard operating procedures for the investigation under subsections (c) and (d) of this section and prosecution of reported cases of suspected abuse or neglect.
(g)
(1)
The agencies responsible for investigating reported cases of suspected sexual abuse, including the local department, the appropriate law enforcement agencies, and the local State’s Attorney, shall implement a joint investigation procedure for conducting joint investigations of sexual abuse under subsections (c) and (d) of this section.
(2)
The joint investigation procedure shall:
(i)
include appropriate techniques for expediting validation of sexual abuse complaints;
(ii)
include investigation techniques designed to:
(1)
decrease the potential for physical harm to the child; and
(2)
decrease any trauma experienced by the child in the investigation and prosecution of the case;
(iii)
establish an ongoing training program for personnel involved in the investigation or prosecution of sexual abuse cases; and
(iv)
include screening to determine whether a child is a victim of sex trafficking.
(h)
(1)
To the extent possible, an investigation under subsections (c) and (d) of this section shall be completed within 10 days after receipt of the first notice of the suspected abuse or neglect by the local department or law enforcement agencies.
(2)
An investigation under subsections (c) and (d) of this section that is not completed within 30 days shall be completed within 60 days of receipt of the first notice of the suspected abuse or neglect.
(i)
Within 5 business days after completion of the investigation of suspected abuse of a child who lives in this State that is alleged to have occurred in this State, the local department and the appropriate law enforcement agency, if that agency participated in the investigation, shall make a complete written report of its findings to the local State’s Attorney.
(j)
Promptly after receiving a report of suspected abuse or neglect of a child who lives in this State that is alleged to have occurred outside of this State, the local department shall:
(1)
forward the report to the appropriate agency outside of this State that is authorized to receive and investigate reports of suspected abuse or neglect;
(2)
cooperate to the extent requested with the out–of–state agency investigating the report; and
(3)
if determined appropriate by the local department:
(i)
interview the child to assess whether the child is safe; and
(ii)
provide services to the child and the child’s family.
(k)
Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, the Secretary may implement an alternative response program for selected reports of abuse or neglect.
(l)
Only a low risk report of abuse or neglect may be considered for an alternative response.
(m)
A report that is not assigned for an alternative response shall be assigned for investigation in accordance with this section.
(n)
The following reports of suspected abuse or neglect may not be assigned for an alternative response:
(1)
sexual abuse; and
(2)
abuse or neglect:
(i)
occurring in an out–of–home placement;
(ii)
resulting in death or serious physical or mental injury;
(iii)
if, in the previous 3 years, the individual suspected of abuse or neglect has been identified as responsible for abuse or neglect as documented in the records of the local department; or
(iv)
if the individual suspected of abuse or neglect has had one report assigned for an alternative response within the past 12 months or two reports assigned for an alternative response within the past 24 months.
(o)
A report assigned for an alternative response may be reassigned at any time for an immediate investigation based on any of the following factors and circumstances:
(1)
a reassessment of the report or relevant facts;
(2)
a determination that the case satisfies a criterion in subsection (n) of this section; or
(3)
a family’s inability or refusal to participate in the alternative response assessment.
(p)
A report assigned for an investigation may be reassigned for an alternative response at any time based on:
(1)
a reassessment of the report or relevant facts that demonstrate that the case meets the criteria for an alternative response;
(2)
a determination that accepted services would address all issues of risk of abuse or neglect and child safety; and
(3)
approval by a caseworker supervisor.
(q)
When a report is referred for an alternative response, the local department shall:
(1)
see the child and the child’s parent or primary caretaker within 24 hours of receiving a report of physical abuse;
(2)
see the child and the child’s parent or primary caretaker within 5 days of receiving a report of neglect;
(3)
attempt to have an on–site interview with the child’s parent or primary caretaker;
(4)
evaluate the child’s home environment;
(5)
decide on the safety of the child, wherever the child is, and of other children in the household;
(6)
decide on the safety of other children in the care or custody of the individual suspected of abuse or neglect;
(7)
advise the appropriate law enforcement agency that the report has been assigned for an alternative response, if the law enforcement agency made the report of abuse or neglect;
(8)
inform the individual suspected of child abuse or neglect of the allegations made against the individual in a manner consistent with laws protecting the rights of the person who made the report;
(9)
complete an alternative response assessment within 60 days after the receipt of the report;
(10)
within 10 days after completing the alternative response assessment, provide a written report to the family members who are participating in the alternative response assessment as to whether and what services are necessary to address:
(i)
the safety of the child or other children in the household; and
(ii)
the risk of subsequent abuse or neglect; and
(11)
consistent with the assessment and any safety or services plans:
(i)
render any appropriate services in the best interests of the child;
(ii)
refer the family or child for additional services; or
(iii)
as necessary for the safety of the child or other children in the household, establish a plan to monitor the safety plan and the provision or completion of appropriate services.
(r)
The local department:
(1)
shall:
(i)
maintain complete records related to an alternative response and services for 3 years after the report was received if there is no subsequent child welfare involvement; and
(ii)
expunge complete records related to an alternative response and services if there is no subsequent child welfare involvement after 3 years;
(2)
may not use or disclose records related to an alternative response for purposes of responding to a request for background information for employment or voluntary services; and
(3)
shall protect from disclosure records related to an alternative response in accordance with § 1–202 of the Human Services Article.
(s)
The Department shall implement policies to ensure that if a local department or the appropriate law enforcement agency fails to see a child in accordance with the time frames established under subsection (c) of this section:
(1)
the reason for the delay is documented in the child’s case file; and
(2)
a supervisor at the local department:
(i)
is notified of the delay in order to support staff in making initial contact with the child; and
(ii)
reviews the documentation required under item (1) of this subsection during the review of the final investigation report.
(t)
(1)
The Department shall prepare and issue a quarterly report identifying investigations or reports that are not completed within the time frames required by this section.
(2)
The reports required under this subsection shall include an explanation for each delay, compiled by the Department with input from the local departments.
(3)
On or before December 1, 2022, and each December 1 thereafter, the Department shall, subject to § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, report to the General Assembly on the progress of local departments in complying with the time frames for conducting investigations and completing reports under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-706.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–706.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Within 30 days after the completion of an investigation in which there has been a finding of indicated or unsubstantiated abuse or neglect, the local department shall notify in writing the individual alleged to have abused or neglected a child:
(1)
of the finding;
(2)
of the opportunity to appeal the finding in accordance with this section; and
(3)
if the individual has been found responsible for indicated abuse or neglect, that the individual may be identified as responsible for abuse or neglect in the centralized confidential database under the circumstances specified in § 5–714(d) of this subtitle.
(b)
(1)
In the case of a finding of indicated abuse or neglect, an individual may request a contested case hearing to appeal the finding in accordance with Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article by responding to the notice of the local department in writing within 60 days.
(2)
Unless the individual and the department agree on another location, a contested case hearing shall be held in the jurisdiction in which the individual alleged to have abused or neglected a child resides.
(3)
(i)
If a criminal proceeding is pending on charges arising out of the alleged abuse or neglect, the Office of Administrative Hearings shall stay the hearing until a final disposition is made.
(ii)
If after final disposition of the criminal charge, the individual requesting the hearing is found guilty of any criminal charge arising out of the alleged abuse or neglect, the Office of Administrative Hearings shall dismiss the administrative appeal.
(4)
(i)
If a CINA case is pending concerning a child who has been allegedly abused or neglected by the appellant or a child in the care, custody, or household of the appellant, the Office of Administrative Hearings shall stay the hearing until the CINA case is concluded.
(ii)
After the conclusion of the CINA case, the Office of Administrative Hearings shall vacate the stay and schedule further proceedings in accordance with this section.
(c)
(1)
In the case of a finding of unsubstantiated abuse or neglect, an individual may request a conference with a supervisor in the local department by responding to the notice of the local department in writing within 60 days.
(2)
In response to a timely request for a conference, a local department supervisor shall schedule a conference, to occur within 30 days after the supervisor receives the request, to allow the individual an opportunity to review the redacted record and request corrections or to supplement the record.
(3)
Within 10 days after the conference, the local department shall send to the individual:
(i)
a written summary of the conference and of any modifications to be made in the record; and
(ii)
notice of the individual’s right to request a contested case hearing in accordance with paragraph (4) of this subsection.
(4)
(i)
The individual may request a contested case hearing in accordance with subsection (b) of this section to appeal the outcome of the conference by responding to the summary in writing within 60 days.
(ii)
If the individual does not receive the written summary and notice specified in paragraph (3) of this subsection within 20 days, the individual may request a contested case hearing.
(iii)
An individual may request a contested case hearing in the case of a finding of unsubstantiated abuse or neglect only as provided in this paragraph.
(d)
In the case of an unexpunged finding of indicated or unsubstantiated abuse or neglect made prior to June 1, 1999, the local department shall provide the individual with an opportunity to appeal the finding in accordance with this section if the individual:
(1)
requests such an appeal;
(2)
has not been offered an opportunity to request a contested case hearing; and
(3)
has not been found guilty of any criminal charge arising out of the alleged abuse or neglect.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-706.2 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–706.2LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
A local department or a law enforcement agency may receive a report under § 5–704.1 of this subtitle that a child is at substantial risk of sexual abuse.
(2)
If a law enforcement agency receives the report, the law enforcement agency shall immediately refer the report to the local department.
(3)
The Secretary of Human Services shall adopt regulations governing:
(i)
how staff in a local department should elicit information when receiving a report under § 5–704.1 of this subtitle; and
(ii)
the definition of substantial risk of sexual abuse as used in this subtitle.
(b)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, after confirming that the allegations in the report regarding the individual’s history are accurate and that there is specific information that the child is at substantial risk of sexual abuse, the local department shall make a thorough investigation to protect the health, safety, and welfare of any child or children who may be at substantial risk of sexual abuse.
(2)
The local department shall conduct the investigation jointly with an appropriate law enforcement agency.
(3)
If a subsequent report is received regarding an individual with a history of sexual abuse that alleges substantially the same facts as a report that the local department has previously investigated, the local department may decline to make an investigation of the subsequent report.
(c)
Within 5 days after receiving the report, the local department and the appropriate law enforcement agency shall:
(1)
see the child in person;
(2)
attempt to have an on–site interview with the child’s caregiver and the individual identified in the report as an individual registered under Title 11, Subtitle 7 of the Criminal Procedure Article based on the commission of an offense against a child;
(3)
decide on the safety and level of risk to the child, wherever the child is, and of other children in the household; and
(4)
decide on the safety and level of risk of other children in the care or custody of the individual identified in the report as an individual registered under Title 11, Subtitle 7 of the Criminal Procedure Article based on the commission of an offense against a child.
(d)
To the extent possible, an investigation under this section shall be completed as soon as practicable but not later than 30 days after receipt of the report.
(e)
As part of the investigation, the local department shall:
(1)
determine whether the child is safe;
(2)
determine whether sexual abuse of the child has occurred;
(3)
if appropriate, offer services to the family; and
(4)
immediately decide whether to file a petition alleging that the child is in need of assistance.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-706.3 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–706.3LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Department of Human Services, in cooperation with the Maryland Department of Health, shall develop intervention systems in at least four counties designated by the Secretary of Human Services that:
(1)
include drug treatment for a mother of a child who is born drug exposed and supportive services for the family of the child; and
(2)
serve 300 families.
(b)
An intervention shall be initiated when:
(1)
a child is born drug exposed; and
(2)
medical personnel have determined that the child is at a high risk of abuse or neglect.
(c)
Subject to the provisions of subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the local department of social services and the Maryland Department of Health shall assist the mother of a child who is born drug exposed in:
(1)
obtaining drug treatment; and
(2)
providing supportive services to maintain family unity.
(d)
A CINA petition shall be filed on behalf of a child who is born drug exposed, if:
(1)
the mother refuses the recommended level of drug treatment, or does not successfully complete the recommended level of drug treatment;
(2)
the mother is unable to provide adequate care for the child; and
(3)
the father is unable to provide adequate care for the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-707 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–707LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Subject to federal and State law, the Administration shall provide by regulation adopted in accordance with Title 10, Subtitle 1 of the State Government Article:
(1)
procedures for protecting the confidentiality of reports and records made in accordance with this subtitle;
(2)
conditions under which information may be released;
(3)
conditions for determining in cases whether abuse, neglect, or sexual abuse is indicated, ruled out, or unsubstantiated; and
(4)
procedures for the appeal processes provided in this subtitle.
(b)
(1)
The local department shall expunge a report of suspected abuse or neglect and all assessments and investigative findings:
(i)
within 5 years after the date of referral if the investigation under § 5–706 of this subtitle concludes that the report is unsubstantiated, and no further reports of abuse or neglect are received during the 5 years; and
(ii)
subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, within 2 years after the date of referral if the report is ruled out, and no further reports of abuse or neglect are received during the 2 years.
(2)
If a report is ruled out, the local department may, on good cause shown, immediately expunge the report and all assessments and investigative findings.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-708 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–708LinkCopy Citation
Any person who makes or participates in making a report of abuse or neglect under § 5–704, § 5–705, or § 5–705.1 of this subtitle or a report of substantial risk of sexual abuse under § 5–704.1 of this subtitle or participates in an investigation or a resulting judicial proceeding shall have the immunity described under § 5–620 of the Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article from civil liability or criminal penalty.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-709 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–709LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If a representative of a local department is conducting an investigation under this subtitle, the representative may enter the household, if the representative:
(1)
previously has been denied the right of entry; and
(2)
has probable cause to believe that a child is in serious, immediate danger.
(b)
A police officer shall accompany the representative and may use reasonable force, if necessary, to enable the representative to gain entry.
(c)
The representative may remove the child temporarily, without prior approval by the juvenile court, if the representative believes that the child is in serious, immediate danger.
(d)
If a child is removed from a household under this section, the local department shall have the child thoroughly examined by a physician and a report of this examination shall be included in a report made under § 5–706(j) of this subtitle within the time specified.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-710 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–710LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Based on its findings and treatment plan, the local department shall render the appropriate services in the best interests of the child, including, when indicated, petitioning the juvenile court on behalf of the child for appropriate relief, including the added protection to the child that either commitment or custody would provide.
(b)
(1)
Promptly after receiving a report from a hospital or health practitioner of suspected neglect related to drug abuse and conducting an appropriate investigation, the local department may:
(i)
file a petition alleging that the child is in need of assistance under Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the Courts Article; and
(ii)
offer the mother admission into a drug treatment program.
(2)
The local department may initiate a judicial proceeding to terminate a mother’s parental rights, if the local department offers the mother admission into a drug treatment program under this subsection within 90 days after the birth of the child and the mother:
(i)
does not accept admission to the program or its equivalent within 45 days after the offer is made;
(ii)
does not accept the recommended level of drug treatment within 45 days after the offer is made; or
(iii)
fails to fully participate in the program or its equivalent.
(c)
If a report has been made to the State’s Attorney’s office under § 5–706(i) of this subtitle and the office is not satisfied with the recommendation of the local department, the office may petition a juvenile court, at the time of the report by the representative, to remove the child, if the State’s Attorney concludes that the child is in serious physical danger and that an emergency exists.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-711 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–711LinkCopy Citation
As needed by the local department as part of its investigation under this subtitle or to provide appropriate services in the best interests of the child who is the subject of a report of child abuse or neglect, upon request, the local department shall receive copies of a child’s medical records from any provider of medical care.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-712 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–712LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.
(2)
(i)
“Emergency medical treatment” means medical or surgical care rendered by a provider in a laboratory, health care facility, or child advocacy center to a child under this section:
(1)
to relieve any urgent illness, injury, severe emotional distress, or life–threatening health condition; or
(2)
to determine the existence, nature, or extent of any possible abuse or neglect.
(ii)
“Emergency medical treatment” includes, if appropriate, the use of telemedicine to achieve a timely expert diagnosis of child abuse or neglect.
(3)
“Expert child abuse or neglect care” means the diagnosis or treatment of child abuse or neglect provided by:
(i)
a physician;
(ii)
a multidisciplinary team or multidisciplinary team member;
(iii)
a health care facility; or
(iv)
a staff member of a health care facility who is an expert in the field of abuse and neglect.
(4)
“Multidisciplinary team” means a group of professionals with expertise in various professional disciplines who provide consultation, treatment, and planning in cases of child abuse and neglect.
(5)
“Provider” includes a physician, multidisciplinary team or multidisciplinary team member, a child advocacy center, a health care facility, or health care facility personnel.
(b)
Any provider who is licensed or authorized to practice a profession in this State shall examine or treat any child, with or without the consent of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian, to determine the nature and extent of any abuse or neglect to the child if the child is brought to the provider:
(1)
in accordance with a juvenile court order;
(2)
by a representative of a local department of social services who states that the representative believes the child is an abused or neglected child;
(3)
by a police officer who states that the officer believes that the child is an abused or neglected child; or
(4)
by an individual required under § 5–704 of this subtitle to report suspected child abuse or neglect.
(c)
If a provider examines a child under subsection (b) of this section and determines that emergency medical treatment or expert child abuse or neglect care is indicated, the provider may treat the child, with or without the consent of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian.
(d)
A provider who examines or treats a child under this section shall have the immunity from liability described under § 5–621 of the Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article.
(e)
(1)
In accordance with regulations adopted by the Executive Director of the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention and Policy, the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention and Policy shall pay for emergency medical treatment charges that are incurred on behalf of a child who is examined or treated under this section.
(2)
The child’s parent or guardian is liable to the Governor’s Office of Crime Prevention and Policy for the payments and shall take any steps necessary to secure health benefits available for the child from a public or private benefit program.
(3)
The local department shall:
(i)
immediately determine whether a child treated or examined under this section is eligible for medical assistance payments; and
(ii)
secure medical assistance benefits for any eligible child examined or treated under this section.
(f)
To the extent possible, the Governor shall include in the annual State budget funds for the payment of emergency medical treatment for children examined or treated under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-712.1 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–712.1LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “health care practitioner” has the meaning stated in § 1–301 of the Health Occupations Article.
(b)
If requested by a health care practitioner or another agency, institution, or program providing treatment or care to a child who is the subject of a report of child abuse or neglect for a purpose relevant to the treatment or care being provided, the Department or local department shall provide to the requestor:
(1)
information regarding the condition and well–being of the child;
(2)
information regarding the medical, mental health, and developmental needs of the child;
(3)
the name of any other health care practitioner identified in the record as providing care or treatment to the child; and
(4)
any other relevant information in the record or report.
(c)
In providing information under subsection (b) of this section, the Department or local department may not release information related to the identity of the person who reported the child abuse or neglect.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-713 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–713LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If a child is removed from a household under this subtitle or by a juvenile court order, on return of the child to the household by the local department or by the action or order of any court, State’s Attorney’s office, or other law enforcement agency, the local department shall establish proper supervision and monitoring of the household on a regularly scheduled basis of at least once a month for at least 3 months.
(b)
The local department may extend the monitoring period.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-714 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–714LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Social Services Administration may maintain a centralized confidential database of cases reported under this subtitle.
(b)
Each local department shall enter and have access to information in the centralized confidential database related to reports, investigations, and assessments of suspected abuse or neglect.
(c)
The information in the centralized confidential database shall be accessible only to:
(1)
the protective services staff of the Administration;
(2)
the protective services staffs of local departments who are investigating or assessing a report of suspected abuse or neglect; and
(3)
an individual or entity specifically authorized by law to access the information.
(d)
The Department or a local department may identify an individual as responsible for abuse or neglect in the centralized confidential database only if the individual:
(1)
has been found guilty of any criminal charge arising out of the alleged abuse or neglect; or
(2)
has been found responsible for indicated abuse or neglect and has:
(i)
unsuccessfully appealed the finding in accordance with the procedures established under § 5–706.1 of this subtitle; or
(ii)
failed to exercise the individual’s appeal rights within the time frames specified in § 5–706.1 of this subtitle, Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article, or the Maryland Rules.
(e)
The centralized confidential database may not contain any information that is required to be expunged under § 5–707 of this subtitle.
(f)
(1)
Unless an individual has been identified as responsible for abuse or neglect in the centralized confidential database in accordance with subsection (d) of this section, information in the centralized confidential database may not be provided in response to any request for background information for employment or voluntary service.
(2)
An official or employee of the Department or a local department who releases information from the centralized confidential database in violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection is subject to the penalty provided in § 1–202(f) of the Human Services Article.
(g)
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an individual may not be identified as responsible for abuse or neglect in the centralized confidential database solely because:
(1)
a child has been released from a hospital or other facility;
(2)
the child has been diagnosed with a mental disorder or developmental disability; and
(3)
the individual has failed to take the child home due to a reasonable fear for the safety of the child or child’s family.
(h)
The Secretary of Human Services:
(1)
shall adopt regulations necessary to protect the rights of individuals suspected of abuse or neglect; and
(2)
may adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-715 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–715LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
The Executive Director of the Administration shall provide the Secretary of Health with identifying information regarding an individual who, as to any child, has had the individual’s parental rights terminated under § 5–322 or § 5–323 of this title and has been identified as responsible for abuse or neglect in a central registry as described in § 5–714(d) of this subtitle.
(2)
A court shall provide the Secretary of Health with identifying information regarding an individual who has been convicted under Title 2, Subtitle 2 of the Criminal Law Article of the murder, attempted murder, or manslaughter of a child.
(b)
If in accordance with § 4–222 of the Health – General Article, the Secretary provides to the Executive Director birth record information for a child born to an individual whose identifying information has been provided under subsection (a) of this section, the Executive Director shall:
(1)
verify that the parent of the child is the same individual described in subsection (a) of this section; and
(2)
immediately notify the local department in the jurisdiction in which the child resides so that the local department may review its records and provide an assessment of the family and offer services if needed.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-716 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7. Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–716LinkCopy Citation
The Department shall post on its website a free online course on the identification, prevention, and reporting of child abuse.
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-01 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-01LinkCopy Citation
(a)
There is a State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect.
(b)
The Council is part of the Department of Human Services for budgetary and administrative purposes.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-02 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-02LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Council consists of up to 23 members including:
(1)
one member of the Senate of Maryland appointed by the President of the Senate;
(2)
one member of the House of Delegates appointed by the Speaker of the House;
(3)
a representative of the Department of Human Services, appointed by the Secretary of Human Services;
(4)
a representative of the Maryland Department of Health, appointed by the Secretary of Health;
(5)
a representative of the Maryland State Department of Education, designated by the Superintendent;
(6)
a representative of the Department of Juvenile Services, designated by the Secretary;
(7)
a representative of the Judicial Branch, designated by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maryland;
(8)
a representative of the State’s Attorneys’ Association, designated by the Association;
(9)
a pediatrician with experience in diagnosing and treating injuries and child abuse and neglect, who shall be appointed by the Governor from a list submitted by the Maryland chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics;
(10)
members of the general public with interest or expertise in the prevention or treatment of child abuse and neglect who shall be appointed by the Governor and who shall include representatives from professional and advocacy groups, private social service agencies, and the medical, law enforcement, education, and religious communities; and
(11)
at least two individuals who have personal experience with child abuse and neglect within their own families or who have been clients of the child protective services system who shall be appointed by the Governor.
(b)
(1)
The term of a member appointed under subsection (a)(9), (10), or (11) of this section is 3 years.
(2)
An appointed member may serve up to two consecutive 3–year terms.
(3)
In case of a vacancy, the Governor shall appoint a successor for the remainder of the unexpired term.
(c)
All other members of the Council shall continue in office so long as they hold the required qualification and designation specified in subsection (a)(1) through (8) of this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-03 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-03LinkCopy Citation
The Governor shall select a chairperson from among the members of the Council.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-04 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-04LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Council shall meet not less than once every 3 months.
(b)
Members of the Council shall serve without compensation, but may be reimbursed for reasonable expenses incurred in the performance of their duties in accordance with the Standard State Travel Regulations and as provided in the State budget.
(c)
The Council may employ a staff in accordance with the State budget.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-05 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-05LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Council shall operate with one standing committee.
(b)
The federal Children’s Justice Act Committee is established in accordance with the requirements of the federal Children’s Justice Act, Public Law 100–294. It shall review and evaluate State investigative, administrative, and judicial handling of child abuse and neglect cases, and make policy and training recommendations to improve system response and intervention. The Committee shall include representatives of the State judiciary with criminal and civil trial court docket experience, law enforcement agencies, the Maryland Public Defender’s Office, State’s Attorneys, the Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Program, health and mental health professions, child protective services programs, programs that serve children with disabilities, parent groups, and attorneys who represent children.
(c)
In addition to the Children’s Justice Act Committee, the Council may establish other ad hoc committees as necessary to carry out the work of the Council.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-06 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-06LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In addition to any duties set forth elsewhere, the Council shall, by examining the policies and procedures of State and local agencies and specific cases that the Council considers necessary to perform its duties under this section, evaluate the extent to which State and local agencies are effectively discharging their child protection responsibilities in accordance with:
(1)
the State plan under 42 U.S.C. § 5106a(b);
(2)
the child protection standards set forth in 42 U.S.C. § 5106a(b); and
(3)
any other criteria that the Council considers important to ensure the protection of children, including:
(i)
a review of the extent to which the State child protective services system is coordinated with the foster care and adoption program established under Part E of Title IV of the Social Security Act; and
(ii)
a review of child fatalities and near fatalities.
(b)
The Council may request that a local citizens review panel established under § 5–539.2 of this title conduct a review under this section and report its findings to the Council.
(c)
The Council shall coordinate its activities under this section with the State Citizens Review Board for Children, local citizens review panels, the child fatality review teams, and the Child Abuse Medical Providers (Maryland CHAMP) Initiative in order to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort.
(d)
The chairperson of the Council may designate members of the Children’s Justice Act Committee as special members of the Council for the purpose of carrying out the duties set forth in this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-07 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-07LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The members and staff of the Council:
(1)
may not disclose to any person or government official any identifying information about any specific child protection case about which the Council is provided information; and
(2)
may make public other information unless prohibited by law.
(b)
In addition to any other penalties provided by law, the Secretary of Human Services may impose on any person who violates subsection (a) of this section a civil penalty not exceeding $500 for each violation.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-08 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-08LinkCopy Citation
A unit of State or local government shall provide any information that the Council requests to carry out the Council’s duties under § 5-7A-06 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-7A-09 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 7A. State Council on Child Abuse and Neglect
§ 5–7A-09LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Council shall report and make recommendations annually to the Governor and the General Assembly on:
(1)
activities of the Maryland CHAMP Initiative established under Title 13, Subtitle 22 of the Health – General Article, including data collected on child abuse and neglect diagnoses and treatment; and
(2)
matters relating to the prevention, detection, prosecution, and treatment of child abuse and neglect, including policy and training needs that require the attention and action of the Governor or the General Assembly.
(b)
The Council shall annually prepare and make available to the public a report containing a summary of its activities under § 5–7A–05 of this subtitle.
Subtitle 8. Unattended Children
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-801 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 8. Unattended Children
§ 5–801LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A person who is charged with the care of a child under the age of 8 years may not allow the child to be locked or confined in a dwelling, building, enclosure, or motor vehicle while the person charged is absent and the dwelling, building, enclosure, or motor vehicle is out of the sight of the person charged unless the person charged provides a reliable person at least 13 years old to remain with the child to protect the child.
(b)
A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment not exceeding 30 days, or both.
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1001 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1001LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Administration” means the Child Support Administration of the Department.
(c)
“Alleged father” means an individual who is alleged, by himself or by another party, to be the father of a child in a proceeding under this subtitle.
(d)
(1)
“Assisted reproduction” means a method of causing pregnancy other than sexual intercourse.
(2)
“Assisted reproduction” includes:
(i)
intrauterine or intracervical insemination;
(ii)
donation of gametes;
(iii)
donation of embryos;
(iv)
in–vitro fertilization and transfer of embryos; and
(v)
intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
(e)
“Attorney for the Administration” means an attorney who represents the Administration in accordance with § 10–115(c) of this article.
(f)
“Complaint” means a bill or petition in equity filed in a paternity proceeding.
(g)
(1)
“Father” means an individual, regardless of gender, whose sperm fertilizes an ovum, resulting in the birth of a child.
(2)
“Father” does not include a gamete donor, unless:
(i)
the gamete donor and the child’s mother agree in writing that the gamete donor will be a parent of the child; or
(ii)
at the time of the child’s conception, the gamete donor is married to the child’s mother.
(h)
(1)
“Gamete donor” means an individual who provides, with or without consideration, sperm or an ovum intended for use in assisted reproduction.
(2)
“Gamete donor” does not include the mother of a child conceived by means of assisted reproduction using the mother’s ovum.
(i)
“Mother” means an individual, regardless of gender, who gives birth to a child unless parentage is otherwise established.
(j)
“Putative father” means:
(1)
an alleged father of a child who has no parent or presumed parent under Title 1, Subtitle 2 of the Estates and Trusts Article, other than the child’s mother; or
(2)
an alleged father who is presumed to be the parent of a child under § 1–208(c)(1) or (2) of the Estates and Trusts Article.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1002 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1002LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The General Assembly finds that:
(1)
this State has a duty to improve the deprived social and economic status of children born out of wedlock; and
(2)
the policies and procedures in this subtitle are socially necessary and desirable.
(b)
The purpose of this subtitle is:
(1)
to promote the general welfare and best interests of children born out of wedlock by securing for them, as nearly as practicable, the same rights to support, care, and education as children born in wedlock;
(2)
to impose on the mothers and fathers of children born out of wedlock the basic obligations and responsibilities of parenthood; and
(3)
to simplify the procedures for determining paternity, custody, guardianship, and responsibility for the support of children born out of wedlock.
(c)
Nothing in this subtitle may be construed to limit the right of a putative father to file a complaint to establish his paternity of a child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1005 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1005LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An equity court may determine the legitimacy of a child pursuant to Title 1, Subtitle 2 of the Estates and Trusts Article.
(b)
This section does not limit paternity proceedings under this subtitle except after the legitimation of a child under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1006 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1006LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d) of this section, a proceeding to establish paternity of a child under this subtitle may be begun at any time before the child’s eighteenth birthday.
(b)
A paternity proceeding under this subtitle may be begun during pregnancy.
(c)
A complaint under this subtitle is not barred because the child born out of wedlock was conceived or born outside this State.
(d)
A proceeding to establish paternity of a child who is dependent on a parent because of a mental or physical infirmity may be begun at any time before the child’s twenty–first birthday.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1007 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1007LinkCopy Citation
Any rule of court or statute that relates to procedure applies to a proceeding under this subtitle only to the extent that the rule or statute is:
(1)
practical under the circumstances; and
(2)
not inconsistent with this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1010 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1010LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A complaint need not be in any particular form.
(b)
The complaint shall be written in simple, nontechnical language.
(c)
The complaint shall state the facts on which the complaint is based.
(d)
(1)
Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, a complaint filed under this subtitle shall be supported by the oath of the mother or pregnant woman, whether or not she is a party to the paternity proceeding.
(2)
The complaint may be filed without the oath if the mother or pregnant woman:
(i)
is dead;
(ii)
refuses to file a complaint;
(iii)
refuses to disclose the identity of the father of the child;
(iv)
is mentally or physically incapable of making an oath; or
(v)
refuses to make the oath.
(3)
If the complaint is filed without an oath under paragraph (2) of this subsection:
(i)
the complainant shall verify the fact of the pregnancy or birth; and
(ii)
if the mother or pregnant woman is living, she shall be made a defendant.
(e)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the clerk of court may not receive a complaint starting paternity proceedings unless the consent of the attorney for the Administration is attached to the complaint.
(2)
The consent of the attorney for the Administration is not required if, after considering testimony or information given by affidavit, or both, the court:
(i)
finds that the complaint is meritorious; and
(ii)
rules that the consent is not required.
(3)
Except by an order of court for good cause shown, a proceeding under this subtitle may not be dismissed voluntarily without the consent of the attorney for the Administration.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1011 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1011LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
The Administration may be the complainant in any proceeding under this subtitle in which the Administration is providing child support services under federal law.
(2)
The Administration shall be represented in accordance with § 10-115 of this article.
(b)
For purposes of providing legal representation in a paternity proceeding under this section, the Administration may approve child support services for a person who resides out of state.
(c)
A complainant under this section is not required to prepay court costs.
(d)
If the Attorney General or a qualified lawyer appointed by the Attorney General represents the complainant under § 10-115 of this article, the Attorney General or the lawyer has the same powers granted to the State’s Attorney under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1012 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1012LinkCopy Citation
(a)
At any time before the case is called for trial, the defendant may file a written answer to the complaint.
(b)
The answer need not be in any particular form.
(c)
The court shall enter a general denial of the complaint on behalf of the defendant if the defendant does not:
(1)
file a written answer; or
(2)
admit the material allegations of the complaint in open court.
(d)
To ensure that the defendant understands the nature and substance of the complaint, the court shall read or explain the complaint to the defendant if the defendant:
(1)
appears for trial without filing a written answer; or
(2)
files a written answer admitting the complaint and is not represented by counsel.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1013 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1013LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A party under legal disability need not proceed by guardian, committee, or next friend or defend by guardian ad litem, committee, or court-appointed counsel under this subtitle.
(b)
Any proceeding under this subtitle by or against a party under legal disability and any action taken by counsel on behalf of a party under legal disability is binding on that party as if that party were not under legal disability.
(c)
Any person who has knowledge of a party’s legal disability shall advise the court of that disability. This duty to advise the court applies particularly to the counsel for the parties.
(d)
The court may take any action and order any proceedings that the court considers just and proper to protect the rights of a party under legal disability.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1014 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1014LinkCopy Citation
(a)
When a complaint is filed under this subtitle, the court may issue, to assure the appearance of the defendant at trial:
(1)
a summons for the appearance of the defendant; or
(2)
a warrant for the arrest of the defendant.
(b)
(1)
The summons shall state the time and place for the defendant to appear at trial.
(2)
If the defendant fails to appear as directed in the summons, the court may issue, at any time, a warrant for the defendant’s arrest.
(c)
The arrest warrant shall direct any officer of this State who is authorized to execute warrants to bring the defendant before the court to answer and have the matters in the complaint adjudicated.
(d)
(1)
If a defendant is arrested under a warrant, the defendant shall be taken before:
(i)
the court that issued the warrant; or
(ii)
a commissioner of the District Court.
(2)
The court or commissioner shall set bond for the defendant. The bond shall be conditioned on:
(i)
the defendant’s appearance in the issuing court on the date and at the time specified in the warrant; and
(ii)
the defendant’s obedience to any order of the court in the proceedings.
(3)
The court or commissioner may require on the bond the securities or sureties the court or the commissioner considers appropriate.
(4)
If the defendant does not give bond, the court or commissioner shall order the defendant imprisoned in the city or county jail until bond is given or until the issuing court discharges the defendant.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1015 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1015LinkCopy Citation
Process under this subtitle shall be served or executed in the way provided by law or rule of court for service on a person who is not under a legal disability.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1016 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1016LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Before or after the filing of a complaint, the alleged father may propose a settlement concerning the child’s support whether the alleged father admits or denies paternity.
(2)
The proposed contribution may be in a lump sum, installments, or otherwise.
(b)
A settlement agreement shall be prepared, executed, and submitted to the court for approval if:
(1)
the complainant agrees to accept the settlement;
(2)
the attorney for the Administration is satisfied that the amount and terms of the settlement are fair and reasonable;
(3)
the complainant has been advised properly regarding the contents of the settlement; and
(4)
the complainant is competent to accept the settlement.
(c)
If the court approves the settlement agreement, the terms of the agreement shall be incorporated in a court order.
(d)
A court order incorporating a settlement agreement is as enforceable as any order that is passed after a hearing.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1019 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1019LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This section applies only to jurisdictions in which the Administration is represented by a State’s Attorney.
(b)
Before or after a complaint is filed under this subtitle, the State’s Attorney may hold a pretrial inquiry.
(c)
In connection with any pretrial inquiry under this section, the State’s Attorney may:
(1)
issue a summons that requires a person, other than the alleged father, to appear, to testify, and to produce documents connected with the examination;
(2)
administer oaths;
(3)
examine witnesses; and
(4)
receive evidence.
(d)
(1)
If a person fails to obey a summons, or fails to testify or comply with a request of the State’s Attorney, the State’s Attorney may request the circuit court for the county to order the person:
(i)
to obey the summons;
(ii)
to testify; or
(iii)
to produce any document that the court considers necessary for the inquiry.
(2)
If a person fails or refuses to obey the order of court after the order has been served, the person is in contempt of court and the court may punish the person for the contempt.
(3)
A finding of contempt under this subsection is subject to appeal.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1020 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1020LinkCopy Citation
(a)
This section applies only to jurisdictions in which the Administration is represented by a State’s Attorney.
(b)
Before the State’s Attorney conducts a pretrial inquiry under this subtitle, the State’s Attorney shall notify the parties in writing of:
(1)
the time and place of the inquiry;
(2)
the alleged father’s right to appear at the inquiry and to produce evidence or information that relates to the inquiry; and
(3)
the alleged father’s right to testify in his own behalf before the State’s Attorney, if the alleged father:
(i)
notifies the State’s Attorney of the alleged father’s desire to testify; and
(ii)
signs a waiver that permits his testimony to be used against him in the paternity proceeding.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1021 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1021LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The attorney for the Administration may request any individual named in a paternity complaint to submit to a blood or genetic test.
(b)
If the individual refuses the attorney for the Administration’s request to submit to a blood or genetic test, the attorney for the Administration may apply to the circuit court for an order that directs the individual to submit to the test.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1024 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1024LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If a defendant fails to appear after being summoned or after giving bond as required by § 5-1014 of this subtitle, the court, in the absence of the defendant, shall, unless there is good cause to the contrary:
(1)
proceed with the hearing on the complaint; and
(2)
(i)
issue a default judgment adjudicating paternity if the court is satisfied by the evidence presented by the petitioner; or
(ii)
pass any other order that is just and proper.
(b)
Any order passed under subsection (a) of this section shall be binding on and enforceable against the defendant as if the defendant were present at the hearing.
(c)
If a defendant fails to appear after being summoned or after giving bond as required by § 5-1014 of this subtitle, bond shall be forfeited and applied to the payment of any obligation imposed by an order passed in the proceeding.
(d)
If a defendant fails to appear after being properly summoned or after giving bond as required by § 5-1014 of this subtitle, the defendant remains subject to arrest and whatever other disposition the court may order.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1025 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1025LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The trial may not be held until after the birth of the child who is the subject of the proceeding.
(b)
If a complaint is filed before the birth of the child, then, until the trial is held, the court may:
(1)
order the alleged father or the pregnant woman to give bond, as provided in § 5-1014 of this subtitle, conditioned on the party:
(i)
appearing in the proceeding; and
(ii)
complying with any further orders of the court;
(2)
increase or decrease any bond previously given by the alleged father or the pregnant woman; and
(3)
conduct any other preliminary proceeding that the court considers just and proper.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1026 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1026LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The court shall hear the complaint without a jury.
(b)
Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, proceedings under this subtitle shall be treated in accordance with the laws, rules, and practice that relate to trials in other civil cases.
(c)
In a trial under this subtitle, no comment on or reference to an alleged father’s failure to testify may be made or permitted.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1027 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1027LinkCopy Citation
(a)
At the trial, the burden is on the complainant to establish by a preponderance of the evidence that the alleged father is the father of the child.
(b)
Both the mother and the alleged father are competent to testify at the trial.
(c)
The provisions of Title 1, Subtitle 2 of the Estates and Trusts Article regarding presumptions of parentage apply in an action under this subtitle.
(d)
The alleged father may not be compelled to give evidence at the trial.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1028 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1028LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Unmarried parents shall be provided an opportunity to execute an affidavit of parentage in the manner provided under § 4–208 of the Health – General Article.
(b)
The affidavit shall be completed on a standardized form developed by the Department.
(c)
(1)
The completed affidavit of parentage form shall contain:
(i)
in ten point boldface type a statement that the affidavit is a legal document and constitutes a legal finding of parentage;
(ii)
the full name and the place and date of birth of the child;
(iii)
the full name of the attesting parent who did not give birth to the child;
(iv)
the full name of the attesting mother of the child;
(v)
the signatures of the parents of the child attesting, under penalty of perjury, that the information provided on the affidavit is true and correct;
(vi)
a statement by the mother consenting to the assertion of parentage and acknowledging that:
(1)
the mother’s cosignatory is the only possible father of the child; or
(2)
the mother and the mother’s cosignatory consented to the conception of the child by means of assisted reproduction with the shared intent to be the parents of the child;
(vii)
a statement by the individual who did not give birth to the child that:
(1)
the individual is the father of the child; or
(2)
the individual and the child’s mother consented to the conception of the child by means of assisted reproduction with the shared intent to be the parents of the child; and
(viii)
the Social Security numbers provided by each of the parents.
(2)
Before completing an affidavit of parentage form, the unmarried parents shall be advised orally and in writing of the legal consequences of executing the affidavit and of the benefit of seeking legal counsel.
(d)
(1)
An executed affidavit of parentage constitutes a legal finding of parentage, subject to the right of any signatory to rescind the affidavit:
(i)
in writing within 60 days after execution of the affidavit; or
(ii)
in a judicial proceeding relating to the child:
(1)
in which the signatory is a party; and
(2)
that occurs before the expiration of the 60–day period.
(2)
(i)
After the expiration of the 60–day period, an executed affidavit of parentage may be challenged in court only on the basis of fraud, duress, or material mistake of fact.
(ii)
The burden of proof shall be on the challenger to show fraud, duress, or material mistake of fact.
(iii)
The legal responsibilities of any signatory arising from the affidavit, including child support obligations, may not be suspended during the challenge, except for good cause shown.
(e)
The Administration shall prepare written information to be furnished to unmarried mothers under § 4–208 of the Health – General Article concerning the benefits of having the parentage of their children established, including the availability of child support enforcement services.
(f)
The Department shall make the standardized affidavit forms available to all hospitals in the State.
(g)
The Secretary, in consultation with the Maryland Department of Health and the Maryland Hospital Association, shall adopt regulations governing the provisions of this section and § 4–208 of the Health – General Article.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1029 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1029LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
The Administration may request the mother, child, and alleged father to submit to blood or genetic tests.
(2)
If the mother, child, or alleged father fails to comply with the request of the Administration, the Administration may apply to the circuit court for an order that directs the individual to submit to the tests.
(b)
On the motion of the Administration, a party to the proceeding, or on its own motion, the court shall order the mother, child, and alleged father to submit to blood or genetic tests to determine whether the alleged father can be excluded as being the father of the child.
(c)
The blood or genetic tests shall be made in a laboratory selected by the court from a list of laboratories provided by the Administration.
(d)
The laboratory shall report the results of each blood or genetic test in writing and in the form the court requires.
(e)
A copy of the laboratory report of the blood or genetic test shall be provided to the parties or their counsel in the manner that the court directs.
(f)
(1)
Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection, the laboratory report of the blood or genetic test shall be received in evidence if:
(i)
definite exclusion is established; or
(ii)
the testing is sufficiently extensive to exclude 97.3% of alleged fathers who are not biological fathers, and the statistical probability of the alleged father’s paternity is at least 97.3%.
(2)
A laboratory report is prima facie evidence of the results of a blood or genetic test.
(3)
(i)
Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, the laboratory report of the blood or genetic test is admissible in evidence without the presence of a doctor or technician from the laboratory that prepared the report if the report:
(1)
is signed by the doctor or technician who prepared or verified the report; and
(2)
states that the result of the blood or genetic test is as stated in the report.
(ii)
When the laboratory report of the blood or genetic test is admitted in evidence, a doctor or technician from the laboratory that prepared the report is subject to cross-examination by any party to the proceeding if the party who desires cross-examination has subpoenaed the doctor or technician at least 10 days before trial.
(4)
A laboratory report received into evidence establishing a statistical probability of the alleged father’s paternity of at least 99.0% constitutes a rebuttable presumption of his paternity.
(g)
If any individual fails to submit to a blood or genetic test ordered by the court, that refusal, properly introduced in evidence:
(1)
shall be disclosed to the court; and
(2)
may be commented on by counsel.
(h)
(1)
Unless indigent, the party who requests a blood or genetic test or who secures the appearance in court of a doctor or technician from the laboratory that prepared the report of the blood or genetic test is responsible for the cost of the test and the costs associated with the court appearance. However, if the requesting party prevails in the proceeding, the court shall assess the cost of the blood or genetic test or the costs associated with the court appearance against the other parties to the proceeding.
(2)
If any party chargeable with the cost of the blood or genetic test or the costs associated with court appearance is indigent, the cost of the blood or genetic test or the costs associated with the court appearance shall be borne by the county where the proceeding is pending, except to the extent that the court orders any other party to the proceeding to pay all or part of the cost.
(3)
Subject to the right of any party to subpoena a custodian of records at least 10 days before trial, a written statement from the laboratory that prepared the report of the blood or genetic test concerning the cost of the test and the cost associated with the court appearance shall be admissible in evidence without the presence of a custodian of records and shall constitute prima facie evidence of the costs.
(i)
Upon motion of the Administration or any party to the proceeding and due consideration by the court, the court shall pass a temporary order for the support of the child if:
(1)
a laboratory report establishes a statistical probability of paternity of at least 99.0%; and
(2)
the court determines that the putative father has the ability to provide temporary support for the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1032 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1032LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If the court finds that the alleged father is the father, the court shall pass an order that:
(1)
declares the alleged father to be the father of the child; and
(2)
provides for the support of the child.
(b)
(1)
The father shall pay the sum to be specified in the order until the first to occur of the following events:
(i)
the child becomes an adult;
(ii)
the child dies;
(iii)
the child marries; or
(iv)
the child becomes self-supporting.
(2)
If the child is an adult but is destitute and cannot be self-supporting because of a physical or mental infirmity, the court may require the father to continue to pay support during the period of the infirmity.
(c)
Any money that is due for child support under this subtitle and is unpaid at the time the child becomes an adult, dies, marries, or becomes self-supporting is a continuing obligation of any party bound by the order of court until the money is paid.
(d)
The court shall pass an immediate and continuing withholding order on earnings of the father in accordance with Title 10, Subtitle 1, Part III of this article.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1033 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1033LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In a paternity proceeding, the court may order the father or the mother to pay all or part of any 1 or more of the following:
(1)
the support of the child;
(2)
the mother’s medical and hospital expenses for pregnancy, childbirth, and recovery; and
(3)
the funeral expenses of the child.
(b)
Subject to the right of any party to subpoena a custodian of records at least 10 days before trial, any records relating to the cost of the mother’s medical and hospital expenses for pregnancy, childbirth, and recovery and any neonatal expenses of the child shall be admissible in evidence without the presence of a custodian of records and shall constitute prima facie evidence of the amount of expenses incurred.
(c)
The court in a paternity proceeding may order the father to pay either or both of the following:
(1)
all or part of the medical support of the child, including neonatal expenses; and
(2)
counsel fees to the counsel who represents the complainant.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1034 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1034LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The court may direct that any payment ordered under this subtitle be made to the mother or any other person.
(b)
If the child is, or is likely to become, a public charge, the court may order any payment ordered under this subtitle to be made to the appropriate support enforcement agency for the support of the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1035 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1035LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In an order passed under this subtitle, the court may include a provision, directed to any party, regarding:
(1)
custody of the child;
(2)
visitation privileges with the child;
(3)
giving bond; or
(4)
any other matter that is related to the general welfare and best interests of the child.
(b)
In an order passed under this subtitle, the court may order any party:
(1)
to remain in this State; or
(2)
to report to the court any change of address.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1036 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1036LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as otherwise provided in this section, the court may award costs under this subtitle in accordance with the Maryland Rules.
(b)
The court may order all or part of the costs to be paid by the county where the proceeding is instituted.
(c)
The court may order any party to pay the costs of the proceeding.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1037 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1037LinkCopy Citation
The court may not enter an order under this subtitle against a party unless the party is given reasonable notice and an opportunity to be heard.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1038 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1038LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a declaration of paternity in an order is final.
(2)
(i)
A declaration of paternity may be modified or set aside:
(1)
in the manner and to the extent that any order or decree of an equity court is subject to the revisory power of the court under any law, rule, or established principle of practice and procedure in equity; or
(2)
if a blood or genetic test done in accordance with § 5-1029 of this subtitle establishes the exclusion of the individual named as the father in the order.
(ii)
Notwithstanding subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, a declaration of paternity may not be modified or set aside if the individual named in the order acknowledged paternity knowing he was not the father.
(b)
Except for a declaration of paternity, the court may modify or set aside any order or part of an order under this subtitle as the court considers just and proper in light of the circumstances and in the best interests of the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1039 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1039LinkCopy Citation
(a)
If the court finds that the alleged father is not the father, the court may:
(1)
retain jurisdiction; and
(2)
on its own motion or otherwise, take any further proceeding that the court considers just and proper and in the best interests of the child.
(b)
Under this section, the court may:
(1)
enter an appropriate order against the mother for the support of the child;
(2)
allow the impleader or joinder of any other alleged father; or
(3)
consider any other matter that may be in the best interests of the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1040 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1040LinkCopy Citation
(a)
On completion of a paternity proceeding, the court may order the clerk of court:
(1)
to seal all papers in the case; and
(2)
not to open any papers in the case, except on order of the court.
(b)
In any further proceeding under § 5-1038 of this subtitle on support payments or custody, the papers in the case, once ordered sealed, shall remain sealed unless the court orders otherwise.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1041 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1041LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A court order under this subtitle is enforceable in the same manner and to the same extent as any other order of an equity court in this State.
(b)
If an individual fails to make a support payment ordered under this subtitle, the individual shall be served with an order that directs the individual to show cause why that individual should not be held in contempt.
(c)
(1)
The court shall issue a warrant for the arrest of any individual who:
(i)
fails to appear in response to a show–cause order served on the individual under this section; or
(ii)
cannot be served with the show–cause order.
(2)
A warrant issued under this subsection shall be issued as provided in § 5–1014 of this subtitle.
(d)
If the court finds that an individual has failed to make a support payment ordered under this subtitle while having the means to pay, the court:
(1)
shall find the individual guilty of civil contempt; and
(2)
may order the individual imprisoned until the individual complies with the support order or otherwise purges the contempt.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1042 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1042LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In a paternity proceeding, the court may order that either or both of the parents of the child give bond in the form and penalty the court directs, with or without securities.
(b)
The bond to be given by a parent shall be conditioned on:
(1)
the performance of all provisions of the order and any subsequent modification to the order;
(2)
the parent not leaving this State without the court’s permission; and
(3)
the parent not changing address within this State without giving proper notice to a support enforcement officer or other person the court designates.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1044 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1044LinkCopy Citation
A party has the right to appeal from an order under this subtitle to the Appellate Court of Maryland, as provided in Title 12, Subtitle 3 of the Courts Article.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1047 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1047LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The clerk of the circuit court shall keep a docket known as the “paternity docket”.
(b)
The paternity docket shall contain the records, proceedings, and orders that relate to each case brought under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1048 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 10. Paternity Proceedings
§ 5–1048LinkCopy Citation
A finding of paternity established in any other state shall have the same force and effect in a proceeding under this subtitle as in any other civil proceeding in this State if:
(1)
with respect to an adjudication of paternity, the finding was established by a court or by an administrative process that includes a right to appeal to a court; or
(2)
with respect to a finding of paternity that is based on an affidavit of parentage, the affidavit was signed after each signatory to the affidavit was advised of their legal rights.
Subtitle 11. Community Grant Program
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1101 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 11. Community Grant Program
§ 5–1101LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Governor may provide funding in the State budget for the awarding of grants for the development of community programs designed to educate children, parents, and other interested persons on the prevention of:
(1)
child physical or sexual abuse; and
(2)
child alcohol and drug abuse.
(b)
Subject to the provisions of this subtitle, grants shall be awarded on a competitive basis to private organizations or public agencies submitting proposed programs for the prevention of child physical or sexual abuse and child alcohol and drug abuse.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1102 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 11. Community Grant Program
§ 5–1102LinkCopy Citation
(a)
All proposals for funding received under this subtitle designed to address the prevention of child physical or sexual abuse shall be reviewed by a selection committee composed of the following members:
(1)
2 persons designated by the Secretary of Human Services, of which 1 person shall have prior experience in local community child abuse prevention programs;
(2)
2 persons designated by the State Superintendent of Schools, of which 1 person shall have prior experience in local community child abuse prevention programs; and
(3)
the Special Secretary of the Governor’s Office for Children who shall serve as the chair of the committee.
(b)
The Secretary of Human Services shall establish procedures for the grant award process and publish appropriate notice in the Maryland Register and in newspapers of general circulation concerning the submittal of proposals for funding under this section.
(c)
The Department shall administer the child abuse prevention grant program created under this subtitle and shall compile appropriate information regarding the awarding and use of grants received under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1103 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 11. Community Grant Program
§ 5–1103LinkCopy Citation
(a)
All proposals for funding received under this subtitle designed to address the prevention of child alcohol and drug abuse shall be reviewed by a selection committee composed of the following members:
(1)
2 persons designated by the Secretary of Health, of which 1 person shall have prior experience in local community alcohol and drug abuse prevention programs;
(2)
2 persons designated by the State Superintendent of Schools, of which 1 person shall have prior experience in local community alcohol and drug abuse prevention programs; and
(3)
the Special Secretary of the Governor’s Office for Children who shall serve as chair of the committee.
(b)
The Secretary of Health shall establish procedures for the grant award process and publish appropriate notice in the Maryland Register and in newspapers of general circulation concerning the submittal of proposals for funding under this section.
(c)
The Maryland Department of Health shall administer the alcohol and drug abuse prevention grant program created under this subtitle and shall compile appropriate information regarding the awarding and use of grants received under this section.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1104 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 11. Community Grant Program
§ 5–1104LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
In reviewing and ranking proposals, the selection committees established under §§ 5–1102 and 5–1103 of this subtitle shall place additional value on proposals that are designed to:
(i)
reach the largest possible number of parents, children, and youth in a community;
(ii)
involve local government officials and other community leaders; and
(iii)
be supplemented by local or private funding.
(2)
The selection committees shall attempt to achieve a broad geographic distribution of funding, to the extent that a proposal has merit, in their recommendations to the Governor.
(b)
Based solely on the recommendations of the selection committees, the Governor shall award grants, not to exceed $10,000 each, to further the purposes of this subtitle.
(c)
All grant awards under this subtitle shall be identified and briefly described in annual reports developed by the Department of Human Services for grants awarded under § 5–1102 of this subtitle and by the Maryland Department of Health for grants awarded under § 5–1103 of this subtitle. These reports shall be presented to the Governor and, subject to § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, to the General Assembly.
(d)
In conjunction with the grant programs established under this subtitle, each year the Governor shall proclaim a Drug and Alcohol Abuse Prevention Awareness Week and a Child Abuse Prevention Awareness Week to focus public attention on these problems.
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1201 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1201LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“At–risk parent” means a parent of a child entering out–of–home placement or identified as at risk of entering out–of–home placement.
(c)
“Child welfare personnel” means paraprofessionals, caseworkers, casework supervisors, and administrators who work in child welfare programs administered by the Department.
(d)
Repealed.
(e)
“Cross–training” means training of both child welfare and substance abuse treatment personnel, provided by qualified trainers with an approved curriculum in essential areas, including both substance abuse and child welfare practices, procedures, and laws.
(f)
Repealed.
(g)
“Out–of–home placement” means placement of a child into foster care, kinship care, group care, or residential treatment care.
(h)
“Qualified addictions specialist” means an individual who meets the qualifications for substance abuse counseling and screening established by the Maryland Department of Health.
(i)
“Substance abuse testing” means testing that is performed by urinalysis, breathalyzer, dip stick, blood testing, or hair analysis to determine if an individual has used either drugs or alcohol.
(j)
“Substance abuse treatment” means a program that provides the intensity and type of treatment needed for parents and their children to maximize the likelihood of long–term abstinence, including detoxification, intensive outpatient treatment, intermediate care and other residential treatment (including programs in which parents and their children can live and receive treatment together), and aftercare programs such as transitional housing.
(k)
“Substance abuse treatment personnel” means personnel who work in a substance abuse treatment program.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1202 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1202LinkCopy Citation
(a)
On or before December 1, 2000, the Secretary of Human Services and the Secretary of Health shall, after consultation with a broad range of child welfare professionals, substance abuse experts, judges, attorneys, managed care organizations, health care providers, local departments, local health departments, and child advocates, develop a statewide protocol for integrating child welfare and substance abuse treatment services that includes at a minimum the following:
(1)
requiring cross–training for all child welfare and substance abuse treatment personnel;
(2)
developing an approved curriculum for the cross–training and criteria for qualified trainers using best practices from other states;
(3)
a plan for providing financial incentives for both child welfare personnel and addictions personnel who achieve specified levels of expertise;
(4)
placing qualified addictions specialists, including an addictions specialist under § 5–314 of the Human Services Article, in all child welfare offices, based on a caseload formula developed by the Department;
(5)
in all cases accepted for child abuse and neglect investigation or out–of–home placement, ensuring that parents are screened for substance abuse and, where there is any reasonable suspicion of substance abuse, ensuring that qualified addictions specialists have the:
(i)
information needed regarding the circumstances of the family and any evidence that substance abuse exists; and
(ii)
opportunity to consult with the parents and children;
(6)
specifying the circumstances under which a local department shall include in its petition for a child in need of assistance a request that a juvenile court order comprehensive drug and alcohol assessment and testing;
(7)
establishing a procedure for notifying the local department of the results of substance abuse assessment and testing;
(8)
establishing a procedure for notifying an at–risk parent of the availability of substance abuse treatment; and
(9)
developing procedures for routine consultation and reevaluation of progress in substance abuse treatment at every step as a child welfare case proceeds.
(b)
No later than December 1, 2000, the Secretary of Human Services and the Secretary of Health shall submit a report to the Governor and, subject to § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the Senate Budget and Taxation Committee, the Senate Economic and Environmental Affairs Committee, the House Appropriations Committee, and the House Environmental Matters Committee that:
(1)
sets forth the statewide protocol developed under this section; and
(2)
identifies the amount and sources of funds that are being used to implement the statewide protocol developed under this section and the other requirements of this subtitle.
(c)
The statewide protocol developed under this section shall be implemented in each county of the State.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1203 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1203LinkCopy Citation
At an adjudicatory hearing on a petition for a child in need of assistance, if a local department requests substance abuse assessment and testing for a parent, a juvenile court shall order the assessment and testing unless the juvenile court finds compelling reasons not to order the assessment and testing and provides the reasons in writing.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1204 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1204LinkCopy Citation
Subject to the availability of funds, the Governor shall include in the State budget for fiscal year 2002 and all succeeding fiscal years sufficient funds to ensure that:
(1)
each at-risk parent receives substance abuse treatment when the at-risk parent indicates a desire to enter substance abuse treatment or as soon thereafter as possible; and
(2)
each child of an at-risk parent receives necessary treatment to remediate the harm caused by the parent’s substance abuse.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1205 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1205LinkCopy Citation
The Maryland Department of Health shall explore the use of excess hospital beds to locate new substance abuse treatment programs.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1206 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1206LinkCopy Citation
(a)
On or before December 15, 2000, and annually thereafter until December 15, 2007, the Secretary of Human Services and the Secretary of Health shall report to the Governor and, subject to § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the Senate Budget and Taxation Committee, the Senate Education, Health, and Environmental Affairs Committee, the House Appropriations Committee, and the House Health and Government Operations Committee, on their progress in complying with the provisions of this subtitle.
(b)
The report shall compare the availability of substance abuse treatment slots for at–risk parents and their children relative to actual demand and estimated need.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1207 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1207LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Secretary of Human Services and the Secretary of Health shall, in developing the protocol required under § 5–1202 of this subtitle, consider the recommendations developed by the statewide Task Force to Study Increasing the Availability of Substance Abuse Programs established under Article 41, § 18–316 of the Code, as enacted by Chapter 778 of the Acts of the General Assembly of 1998, as amended by Chapter 390 of the Acts of the General Assembly of 1999.
(b)
(1)
On or before June 30, 2001, the Secretary of Human Services and the Secretary of Health shall enter into a memorandum of understanding setting forth the responsibilities of each department to implement the provisions of this subtitle.
(2)
Subject to § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the Secretary of Human Services and the Secretary of Health shall submit a copy of the memorandum of understanding entered into under paragraph (1) of this subsection to the Senate Budget and Taxation Committee, the Senate Economic and Environmental Affairs Committee, the House Appropriations Committee, and the House Environmental Matters Committee.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1208 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1208LinkCopy Citation
The Department of Human Services and the Maryland Department of Health shall adopt regulations to carry out this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1209 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 12. Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Services
§ 5–1209LinkCopy Citation
This subtitle may be referred to as the “Integration of Child Welfare and Substance Abuse Treatment Act”.
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1301 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1301LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Abuse” has the meaning stated in § 5–701 of this title.
(c)
“Administration” means the Social Services Administration of the Department.
(d)
“Child” means any individual under the age of 18 years.
(e)
“Indicated” has the meaning stated in § 5–701 of this title.
(f)
“Kinship care” has the meaning stated in § 5–501 of this title.
(g)
“Local department” has the meaning stated in § 1–101 of this article.
(h)
“Neglect” has the meaning stated in § 5–701 of this title.
(i)
“Out–of–home placement” means placement of a child into foster care, kinship care, group care, or residential treatment care.
(j)
“Ruled out” has the meaning stated in § 5–701 of this title.
(k)
“Secretary” means the Secretary of Human Services.
(l)
“Unsubstantiated” has the meaning stated in § 5–701 of this title.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1302 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1302LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Secretary and the Secretary of Budget and Management shall develop and implement an outcome-based system of accountability for measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of child welfare services for children and families in the State.
(b)
The outcome measurement system shall:
(1)
address areas of safety, permanence, and well-being for all children in the State child welfare system;
(2)
measure performance at the State and local levels;
(3)
expand on federal outcome measures;
(4)
use the indicators in §§ 5-1303 through 5-1306 of this subtitle to measure outcomes; and
(5)
be used in whole or in part in the Department’s annual managing for results submission.
(c)
The Secretary shall adopt regulations that establish guidelines for the collection of information at the State and local levels under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1303 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1303LinkCopy Citation
The effectiveness of efforts to address child abuse and neglect shall be measured by:
(1)
the recurrence within 12 months of child abuse or neglect among victims of indicated abuse or neglect;
(2)
the percentage of screened out reports of child abuse or neglect that are documented as reviewed by a supervisor;
(3)
the incidence of child abuse or neglect for a child who, in the prior 12 months, was not removed from the home following an investigation that found indicated or unsubstantiated abuse or neglect;
(4)
the percentage of child protective services investigations that are initiated and completed in accordance with § 5-706 of this title;
(5)
for all indicated and substantiated cases of abuse and neglect, the percentage of children who:
(i)
receive family preservation services; and
(ii)
are able to remain safely in their own homes for 18 months after receiving family preservation services; and
(6)
any other indicators adopted by the Secretary under § 5-1302 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1304 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1304LinkCopy Citation
The effectiveness of efforts to protect children removed from their homes from abuse and neglect shall be measured by:
(1)
the incidence of indicated or unsubstantiated findings of child abuse or neglect of children in the custody of a local department, or a placement agency, for placements:
(i)
in foster care homes;
(ii)
in kinship care homes;
(iii)
in residential treatment centers or group homes;
(iv)
with family members; and
(v)
in other forms of substitute care;
(2)
the incidence of indicated or unsubstantiated findings of child abuse or neglect within 12 months following the release of the child committed to the Department; and
(3)
any other indicators adopted by the Secretary under § 5-1302 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1305 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1305LinkCopy Citation
The effectiveness of efforts to address permanency and stability in the living situations of children in the custody of a local department, or a placement agency, shall be measured by:
(1)
the percentage of children who exit foster care within time periods consistent with federal national standards with a breakdown by each standard;
(2)
the percentage of children with more than two out-of-home placements during a report year;
(3)
the percentage of children in the custody of a local department, or a placement agency, who have siblings living in different placements;
(4)
the percentage of children who exit foster care and are:
(i)
reunified with a parent or guardian;
(ii)
placed with a relative who is awarded custody and guardianship;
(iii)
adopted; or
(iv)
placed with a nonrelated guardian;
(5)
the percentage of children in an out-of-home placement living in:
(i)
kinship care homes;
(ii)
restricted foster homes;
(iii)
regular foster homes;
(iv)
treatment foster homes;
(v)
group homes;
(vi)
residential treatment centers; and
(vii)
other specified types of placements;
(6)
the number of foster homes and treatment foster homes available for children in the custody of a local department, or a placement agency;
(7)
the percentage of foster homes and kinship care homes in which the following have been conducted according to regulation:
(i)
required criminal background checks;
(ii)
fire and safety inspections;
(iii)
health and safety checks;
(iv)
reconsiderations, as applicable; and
(v)
any other safety measures adopted by regulation;
(8)
the number of children who are recommitted to the Department within 12 months of release from commitment to the Department; and
(9)
any other indicators adopted by the Secretary under § 5-1302 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1306 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1306LinkCopy Citation
The effectiveness of efforts to address the health, mental health, education, and well–being of a child committed to the Department shall be measured by:
(1)
the percentage of children in out–of–home placements who received a comprehensive assessment in compliance with federal regulations for the early and periodic screening, diagnosis, and treatment program within 60 days of entering out–of–home placement;
(2)
the percentage of eligible children entering foster care or kinship care who:
(i)
have been examined by a medical provider within 10 days of entry into the out–of–home placement; and
(ii)
have a designated health care provider within 10 days of entry into the out–of–home placement;
(3)
the percentage of school–aged children in out–of–home placements enrolled in school; and
(4)
any other indicators adopted by the Secretary under § 5–1302 of this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1307 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1307LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The measures in §§ 5-1303 through 5-1306 of this subtitle shall be used by the local departments and the Administration, and may be used by an entity that enters into a memorandum of understanding with the Department, to measure the efficiency and the effectiveness of child welfare services.
(b)
Information collected by the State or federal government regarding the State child welfare system may also be used by the entities in subsection (a) of this section to measure the effectiveness of the child welfare system, including:
(1)
the Maryland child and family services review;
(2)
the adoption and foster care analysis and reporting system criteria; and
(3)
the L. J. V. Massinga consent decree criteria.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1308 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1308LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
The Department shall have a process for the assessment of the quality of casework services.
(2)
An entity that specializes in child welfare services that enters into a memorandum of understanding with the Department may review and provide guidance on the quality assessment process developed by the Department.
(b)
The quality assessment shall examine whether the outcome indicators established in §§ 5–1303 through 5–1306 of this subtitle have been substantially achieved.
(c)
(1)
The process described in subsection (a) of this section shall assess the quality of casework services through in–depth child and family case reviews that involve direct interviews by qualified and trained reviewers with:
(i)
children;
(ii)
family members;
(iii)
caseworkers;
(iv)
judges;
(v)
court–appointed special advocates;
(vi)
foster parents;
(vii)
teachers;
(viii)
medical personnel; and
(ix)
others involved in providing support to the family.
(2)
The child and family case reviews shall determine whether:
(i)
children are safe;
(ii)
the needs of children are met, specifically that the children:
(1)
are enrolled in school and receiving appropriate educational services; and
(2)
have all timely medical, dental, and mental health services, based on the child’s needs; and
(iii)
the visitation between separated family members is occurring frequently and regularly, consistent with the best interests of the child.
(3)
The performance reviews shall determine whether:
(i)
(1)
the family participated in the development of the service agreement and the case plan;
(2)
the service agreement addressed the behaviors and circumstances that led to child abuse or neglect; and
(3)
the case plan and service agreement were timely initiated;
(ii)
the case plan was implemented and progress was made;
(iii)
all members of the team of professionals working with the family and the child met at regular intervals to make changes to services and supports as necessary;
(iv)
(1)
a caseworker was promptly and regularly assigned and accessible to the case;
(2)
the assigned caseworker visited the child at least once per month; and
(3)
a supervisor has been regularly assigned and accessible to the case; and
(v)
the foster parent or kinship care provider is receiving all services necessary to meet the needs of the child, including child care, respite care, and other support services.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1309 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1309LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Department shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with an entity that has expertise in child welfare best practices to assist in the development and implementation of a local department self-assessment process to monitor the quality of:
(1)
child welfare services provided by the local departments; and
(2)
the management of the child welfare system by the Administration.
(b)
A local department self-assessment shall be conducted every 3 years.
(c)
In conducting the self-assessment, a local department shall be required to:
(1)
incorporate the results from the outcome measures in §§ 5-1303 through 5-1306 of this subtitle;
(2)
incorporate the results of the quality assessment of casework services in § 5-1308 of this subtitle; and
(3)
consider the results of the case reviews conducted by the Citizens’ Review Board for Children.
(d)
After a local department self-assessment is accepted by the Administration, the local departments shall develop a plan to:
(1)
maintain performance that meets standards;
(2)
strengthen areas needing improvement; and
(3)
describe how areas needing improvement will be addressed and how improvements will be measured.
(e)
The Secretary shall adopt regulations governing the local department self-assessment process, including:
(1)
the development of quality assurance procedures;
(2)
performance standards;
(3)
the timing of the assessment;
(4)
the scope of the assessment;
(5)
the process by which the Administration may accept or reject the local assessment and the plan;
(6)
the process by which the Administration shall monitor the implementation of the local plans described in subsection (d) of this section; and
(7)
the process by which the Administration shall use the assessments of the local departments to develop the statewide assessment under Title 45 § 1355.33(b) of the Code of Federal Regulations.
(f)
(1)
The Department shall enter into a memorandum of understanding with an entity with expertise in child welfare best practices to collect and maintain information necessary to conduct a local department self–assessment and statewide assessment.
(2)
Any unit of State government substantively involved with abused or neglected children may contribute information to the entity provided in paragraph (1) of this subsection.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1310 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1310LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Secretary and the Secretary of Budget and Management shall ensure that sufficient numbers of qualified child welfare staff, as specified in § 4–301 of the Human Services Article, are hired and retained in order to achieve caseload ratios in child welfare services consistent with the Child Welfare League of America caseload standards.
(b)
The Department, in consultation with an appropriate entity with expertise in child welfare services caseload ratios, shall develop a methodology to calculate caseload ratios in child welfare services for the State.
(c)
The Department shall enter into a written contract with an entity that has expertise in child welfare services caseload ratios to annually review the calculation of caseload ratios used by the Department.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1311 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1311LinkCopy Citation
(a)
The Department shall establish and maintain a child welfare training academy to provide training on best practices for the following individuals:
(1)
child welfare staff;
(2)
child welfare administrators;
(3)
foster parents; and
(4)
kinship caregivers.
(b)
The Department may provide training on best practices for the following individuals:
(1)
the State Citizens’ Review Board for Children staff and volunteers; and
(2)
Court–Appointed Special Advocate staff and volunteers.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1312 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 13. Child Welfare Accountability
§ 5–1312LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this section, “foster youth” has the meaning stated in § 5–304 of the Human Services Article.
(b)
Subject to subsection (d) of this section, on or before December 1 of each year, the Department shall report to the General Assembly, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the following information regarding children and foster youth in the State child welfare system:
(1)
the number of child abuse and neglect reports, alternative responses, investigative responses, and findings for completed investigations;
(2)
the number of children receiving in–home services;
(3)
the number of new out–of–home placements by placement type;
(4)
the number of exits from the child welfare system by exit type;
(5)
the number of exits to reunification and reentries within 12 months after exit;
(6)
the number of exits to reunification and reentries within 24 months after exit;
(7)
the stability of out–of–home placements, including the number of placement changes;
(8)
the stability of school placements;
(9)
the number who graduate from high school;
(10)
the number who qualify for a Maryland high school diploma by examination;
(11)
the number who receive tuition waivers;
(12)
the incidences of abuse or neglect of a child who, in the immediately preceding 24 months, was not removed from the child’s home following an investigation that found indicated or unsubstantiated abuse or neglect;
(13)
the number of children in the custody of a local department or child placement agency who have a sibling who is not in the custody of the same local department or child placement agency;
(14)
the health and mental health care provided, including the stability of health care providers, medications, and psychiatric diagnoses;
(15)
the number of children who are not enrolled in school for more than 1 week immediately following a change in placement; and
(16)
the number of children in an institution of postsecondary education, apprenticeship, or adult education program, disaggregated by program.
(c)
Subject to subsection (d) of this section, on or before December 1 each year, the State Department of Education shall report to the General Assembly, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, and to the Department the following information regarding children and foster youth in the State child welfare system:
(1)
the stability of school placements;
(2)
the number of children with individualized education programs;
(3)
the number of children with a plan under § 504 of the federal Rehabilitation Act;
(4)
the number of children who have been retained a grade, disaggregated by grade;
(5)
the number of children who graduate from high school;
(6)
dropout rates;
(7)
the number of children who are truant students, as defined in § 7–302.2 of the Education Article;
(8)
the rates of absenteeism;
(9)
the rates of suspension;
(10)
the rates of expulsion;
(11)
the number of school–based arrests; and
(12)
the number of foster youth who enroll in college and graduate within 6 years.
(d)
(1)
In reporting the information required under subsections (b) and (c) of this section, the Department and the State Department of Education shall:
(i)
maintain the confidentiality of information on children and foster youth in the State child welfare system;
(ii)
ensure that no personally identifiable information is disclosed; and
(iii)
disaggregate the information by county, age, gender, race, and ethnicity.
(2)
In reporting the information required under subsection (c) of this section, the State Department of Education shall include, where appropriate, comparison data for children and students not in the State child welfare system.
(e)
(1)
The Department shall publish each report required under subsection (b) of this section on the Department’s website within 30 days of submission of the report to the General Assembly.
(2)
The State Department of Education shall publish each report required under subsection (c) of this section on the State Department of Education’s website within 30 days of submission of the report to the General Assembly.
(f)
This section may not be construed to affect any other reporting requirements to which the Department or the State Department of Education is subject.
Subtitle 14. Child Conceived Without Consent
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1401 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 14. Child Conceived Without Consent
§ 5–1401LinkCopy Citation
(a)
In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.
(b)
“Nonconsensual sexual conduct” means an act committed by a respondent against the other parent that is prohibited under:
(1)
§ 3–303 or § 3–304(a)(1) or (2) of the Criminal Law Article; or
(2)
§ 3–323 of the Criminal Law Article, if the other parent is a minor and the respondent was at least 4 years older than the other parent at the time of the act.
(c)
“Respondent” means the parent against whom an action for termination of parental rights is filed under this subtitle.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1402 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 14. Child Conceived Without Consent
§ 5–1402LinkCopy Citation
(a)
Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, after a trial, a court may terminate the parental rights of a respondent under this subtitle if the court:
(1)
determines that the respondent has been served in accordance with the Maryland Rules;
(2)
(i)
finds that the respondent has been convicted of an act of nonconsensual sexual conduct against the other parent that resulted in the conception of the child at issue in an action under this subtitle; or
(ii)
finds by clear and convincing evidence that the respondent committed an act of nonconsensual sexual conduct against the other parent that resulted in the conception of the child at issue in an action under this subtitle; and
(3)
finds by clear and convincing evidence that it is in the best interest of the child to terminate the parental rights of the respondent.
(b)
The court may not terminate parental rights under subsection (a) of this section if the parents were married at the time of the conception of the child at issue unless:
(1)
the respondent has been convicted of an act of nonconsensual sexual conduct against the other parent that resulted in the conception of the child; or
(2)
the parents were separated in accordance with a protective order during the time of the conception of the child and have remained separate and apart since the time of conception.
(c)
A termination of parental rights under this section terminates completely:
(1)
a parent’s right to custody of, guardianship of, access to, visitation with, and inheritance from the child; and
(2)
a parent’s responsibility to support the child, including the responsibility to pay child support.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1403 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 14. Child Conceived Without Consent
§ 5–1403LinkCopy Citation
(a)
An action for termination of parental rights under this subtitle may be filed by either parent of the child, the child’s court–appointed guardian, or the child’s court–appointed attorney.
(b)
(1)
An action for termination of parental rights filed by a parent under this subtitle shall be filed within 7 years after the later of:
(i)
the date of the birth of the child conceived as a result of the nonconsensual sexual conduct; or
(ii)
the date on which the parent knew or should have known the other parent’s identity.
(2)
An action for termination of parental rights filed by a child’s court–appointed guardian or attorney under this subtitle shall be filed before the child becomes an adult.
(c)
In an action for termination of parental rights filed against a respondent by a child’s court–appointed guardian or attorney under this subtitle:
(1)
the other parent shall be joined as a party to the action; and
(2)
the action may not proceed if the other parent objects before the commencement of a trial under this subtitle.
(d)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, when proof is made by affidavit that good faith efforts to serve the respondent have not succeeded or that the respondent has acted to evade service, the court may order any other means of service that the court considers appropriate under the circumstances and that is reasonably calculated to give actual notice of the proceeding to the respondent.
(2)
The court shall rule on any motion for alternative service under this subsection within 15 days after the filing of the motion.
(3)
The court may not require publication of the name or personally identifying information of the other parent or the child.
(e)
(1)
A scheduling conference shall be held within 60 days after service of the complaint.
(2)
At the scheduling conference, the court:
(i)
shall issue a scheduling order, taking into consideration the best interest of the child, the time needed for discovery, and the interest of justice;
(ii)
after providing the parents with an opportunity to be heard, may determine temporary custody of the minor child; and
(iii)
shall advise the respondent that:
(1)
the respondent may refuse to testify or to offer evidence; and
(2)
no adverse inference may be drawn from the respondent’s refusal to testify or to offer evidence.
(3)
Failure of the court to advise a respondent under paragraph (2)(iii) of this subsection is not grounds to overturn a finding under this subtitle.
(4)
A complaint filed under this subtitle shall include a notice to the respondent that a scheduling conference will be held within 60 days after service of the complaint.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1404 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 14. Child Conceived Without Consent
§ 5–1404LinkCopy Citation
(a)
(1)
Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the court shall hold a trial on termination of parental rights not later than 180 days after an answer to the complaint is filed.
(2)
Unless both parents agree otherwise or the court finds that it is in the best interest of the child to proceed, if a criminal proceeding involving the same underlying facts is pending at the time an action to terminate parental rights under this subtitle is filed, or if a criminal proceeding involving the same underlying facts is commenced after an action to terminate parental rights under this subtitle is filed, the court may stay all further proceedings in the action to terminate parental rights until the criminal proceeding is resolved.
(b)
In an action to terminate parental rights under this subtitle:
(1)
the respondent may refuse to testify or to offer evidence; and
(2)
no adverse inference may be drawn from the respondent’s refusal to testify or to offer evidence.
(c)
A parent’s testimony and any other information obtained from the parent in a proceeding under this subtitle and any information directly or indirectly derived from the parent’s testimony or the other information are inadmissible as evidence in a criminal proceeding against that parent if:
(1)
the criminal proceeding involves the same underlying facts; and
(2)
the evidence is offered for a purpose other than impeachment.
(d)
The court, on its own motion or on petition, and for good cause shown, may order that court records of a proceeding under this subtitle be sealed or may require that filings be submitted and maintained in a form that protects the privacy of the parents and the child.
Md. Code Ann., Fam. Law § 5-1405 (2026)
Title 5. Children
Subtitle 14. Child Conceived Without Consent
§ 5–1405LinkCopy Citation
(a)
A parent in a proceeding under this subtitle is entitled to the assistance of counsel.
(b)
(1)
The court shall:
(i)
refer an unrepresented parent to a qualified grantee of the Maryland Legal Services Corporation for assignment of counsel; or
(ii)
appoint counsel for an unrepresented parent.
(2)
A parent is not entitled to the assistance of counsel at the expense of the Maryland Legal Services Corporation or to appointed counsel unless the parent is indigent.