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<section article="gho" article_name="Health Occupations" number="4-103" title_number="4" title_name="Dentistry" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions">
  <level label="a">
    <text>Only an individual or individuals licensed by the Board to practice dentistry or a dental professional corporation may own a dental practice.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="b">
    <text>Only an individual licensed by the Board to practice dentistry may:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Direct the clinical training of a dentist, dental hygienist, or dental assistant who assists in the care and treatment of dental patients;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Direct a dentist, dental hygienist, or dental assistant in providing dental care and treatment to dental patients;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>Hire, supervise, or terminate the employment of a dentist, dental hygienist, or dental assistant who provides dental care and treatment to dental patients;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="4">
      <text>Direct the preparation and maintenance of patient treatment records or exert control of a patient’s or treating dentist’s right of access to patient treatment records; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="5">
      <text>Share in the income, revenues, profits, or fees with licensed dentists within the same dental practice.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="c">
    <text>Except as provided in subsection (b)(5) of this section, a licensed dentist may not share in revenues or split fees.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="d">
    <text>It is unlawful for any person who is not a licensed dentist to direct, control, or interfere with the independent professional judgment of a dentist or dental hygienist regarding the diagnosis, care, or treatment of a patient’s dental disease, disorder, or physical condition.</text>
  </level>
  <level label="e">
    <text>Subject to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section, this section does not prohibit a dentist or dental professional corporation from entering into an agreement that provides that an unlicensed person may:</text>
    <level label="1">
      <text>Own, lease, or otherwise provide real property or furnishings, equipment, or other goods that are used by a dentist or dental practice;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Provide bookkeeping, accounting, and tax preparation services;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="3">
      <text>Administer and process payroll of a dental practice;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="4">
      <text>Provide administrative management of patient treatment records;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="5">
      <text>Interact with patients and third–party payors for the billing and collections for dental services;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="6">
      <text>Create and place advertising and marketing, as approved by a licensed dentist;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="7">
      <text>Provide services to assist in the recruitment of dentists, dental hygienists, and dental assistants for interview and hiring by a licensed dentist within the dental practice;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="8">
      <text>Hire, supervise, and terminate the employment of nonprofessional office staff, subject to approval by a licensed dentist who has the authority to make that decision;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="9">
      <text>Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) of this section, provide and administer all normal and usual human resource–related services to nondental employees;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="10">
      <text>Determine and assist in the acquisition of information technology;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="11">
      <text>Provide general property management and maintenance;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="12">
      <text>Assist in risk management, including legal and regulatory compliance, securing appropriate insurance coverages and policy limits, and the processing of insurance claims;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="13">
      <text>Provide consulting services relating to productivity, efficiency, and cost management of a dental practice;</text>
    </level>
    <level label="14">
      <text>Receive compensation in the form of fees negotiated with and approved by the dentist owners of the dental practice that shall be a predetermined fixed fee or fixed compensation and may be based on prior revenues or profits over a preceding period of 12 months or longer; or</text>
    </level>
    <level label="15">
      <text>Contract with a third party to provide any of the services specified under this subsection.</text>
    </level>
  </level>
  <level label="f">
    <level label="1">
      <text>The requirements of subsections (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>A clinic maintained by:</text>
        <level label="1">
          <text>A public school;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="2">
          <text>A federal, State, or local government agency or institution;</text>
        </level>
        <level label="3">
          <text>A dental or dental hygiene program that is approved by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) for an institution of higher education, as defined in § 10–101 of the Education Article; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="4">
          <text>A charitable organization, as defined in § 6–101 of the Business Regulation Article;</text>
        </level>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>A federal, State, or local government agency; or</text>
      </level>
      <level label="iii">
        <text>A nonprofit organization that provides dental services and is:</text>
        <level label="1">
          <text>A health care center or program that offers dental services:</text>
        </level>
        <level label="A">
          <text>Free of cost or on a sliding scale fee schedule; and</text>
        </level>
        <level label="B">
          <text>Without regard to an individual’s ability to pay; or</text>
        </level>
        <level label="2">
          <text>A Federally Qualified Health Center or a Federally Qualified Health Center Look–Alike.</text>
        </level>
      </level>
    </level>
    <level label="2">
      <text>Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection:</text>
      <level label="i">
        <text>Each dental hygienist, dental assistant, and dental technician employed by an entity described in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be subject to the provisions of this title; and</text>
      </level>
      <level label="ii">
        <text>Each dentist employed by an entity described in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall be licensed and subject to the provisions of Subtitle 3 of this title.</text>
      </level>
    </level>
  </level>
</section>
