A carrier may offer a catastrophic plan in the individual market in accordance with the requirements of this section. A catastrophic plan may be offered only to individuals who: are under the age of 30 years before the beginning of the plan year; or hold certification for a hardship exemption or an affordability exemption as required in subsection (c) of this section. Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, to be offered a catastrophic plan, an individual shall hold certification for a hardship exemption or an affordability exemption under 42 U.S.C. § 5000A. If the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange adopts regulations as described under subsection (d) of this section, an individual shall hold certification for a hardship exemption or an affordability exemption under the regulations adopted by the Exchange. To the extent necessary, the Maryland Health Benefit Exchange shall adopt regulations that: establish a process for issuing hardship exemptions and affordability exemptions; and are consistent with 42 U.S.C. § 5000A and any corresponding federal rules and guidance as those provisions were in effect December 31, 2024. Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a catastrophic plan shall provide coverage for essential health benefits. A catastrophic plan shall require a deductible that: is equal to the annual limit on cost–sharing described in § 15–1A–19 of this subtitle; applies to essential health benefits; does not apply to at least three primary care visits each plan year; and does not apply to any covered benefits for which a deductible is prohibited under this title.