Insurance (GIN) — Title 19. Property and Casualty Insurance

In addition to any requirement of this article and to the extent not inconsistent with this article, a workers’ compensation insurance policy is subject to Titles 9 and 10 of the Labor and Employment Article.

In addition to any requirement of this article and to the extent not inconsistent with this article, a motor vehicle liability insurance policy is subject to the Maryland Vehicle Law.

A liability insurance policy issued in the State may not require the insured to pay for liability or loss under the policy.

Each liability insurance policy issued in the State shall provide that:

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the policy, each liability insurance policy issued in the State shall be construed to contain the provisions required by subsection (b) of this section.

Each policy that insures a health care provider against damages due to medical injury arising from providing or failing to provide health care shall contain provisions that:

a volunteer firefighter or volunteer ambulance rescue squad member who, in response to an emergency, provides assistance to the fire department, fire company, rescue department, or rescue company; and

any other individual who, in response to an emergency, provides assistance at the request and under the direction of the fire department, fire company, rescue department, or rescue company.

to a family child care child while the child is a passenger in an automobile; and

that arises out of an insured’s activities as a family child care provider.

An insurer may not refuse to issue or renew a contract of motor vehicle insurance, property insurance, or casualty insurance solely because the subject of the risk or the applicant’s or insured’s address is located in a certain geographic area of the State unless:

A statement filed with the Commissioner under this section is a public record.

the policy or contract contains a representation that the authorized insurer will pay all reasonable medical expenses incurred for bodily injury caused by an accident to the insured or another individual covered by the policy or contract; and

the authorized insurer retains the right of subrogation to recover from a third party any amount paid under the policy or contract on behalf of the injured individual.

This section only applies if an insurer, through its insurance producer, adjuster, or representative, has begun investigating, estimating, or adjusting a property loss resulting from fire or a hazard under an extended coverage endorsement.

The Commissioner may request by bulletin from a property and casualty insurer data that relates to policies written by the insurer.

A request by bulletin under this section shall specify:

Data requested by bulletin under this section shall be filed with the Commissioner in a form required by the Commissioner.

At least 15 days prior to granting an application under § 4–203 of the General Provisions Article to inspect company–specific data that was requested by bulletin under this section, the Commissioner shall notify the insurer that supplied the data:

A parent of a minor or person in loco parentis of the minor may settle a claim under a liability insurance policy brought by the parent or person in loco parentis for the benefit of the minor.

The payment of a settlement of a claim made under this section for the benefit of a minor shall comply with Title 13, Subtitle 4 of the Estates and Trusts Article.

Each insurer that issues or delivers a medical professional liability insurance policy in the State with an annual premium of $5,000 or more shall offer at a minimum, in addition to the basic policy, additional policies with deductibles in the following amounts:

In a policy with a deductible described in subsection (a) of this section, the insurer shall apply the deductible only to the liability of the insured under the policy.

The Commissioner shall disapprove a certificate of insurance form filed with the Commissioner under this section, or withdraw approval of a certificate of insurance form, if the form:

A person may not require an insurer or insurance producer to prepare or issue, or a policyholder to provide, a certificate of insurance that contains false or misleading information relating to the policy of insurance referenced in the certificate.

A person may not alter or modify an approved certificate of insurance.

A person may not prepare or issue a certificate of insurance that the person knows contains false or misleading information or that purports to amend, alter, or extend the coverage provided by the policy of insurance referenced in the certificate.

A person may not prepare, issue, or require, either in addition to or in lieu of a certificate of insurance, an opinion letter or other document that is inconsistent with this section.

The terms and conditions of a notice of cancellation, nonrenewal, material change, or other similar matters relating to a policy of insurance referenced in a certificate of insurance:

A certificate of insurance or any other document prepared, issued, or required in violation of this section is void and unenforceable.

The Commissioner may examine and investigate the activities of any person that the Commissioner reasonably believes has been or is engaged in an act or practice prohibited by this section.

The Commissioner shall adopt regulations to carry out this section, including regulations that establish an approval process for certificate of insurance forms.

An insurer that issues to, delivers to, or renews medical professional liability insurance for a health care practitioner licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized by law to practice in the State may not take adverse action against a health care practitioner in whole or in part because the health care practitioner provides legally protected health care or makes a referral for legally protected health care.

This section does not prohibit the medical professional liability insurer from taking adverse action against a health care practitioner for conduct that would otherwise constitute professional misconduct.

In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.

“Additional optional coverage” means a coverage or service that covers the structures, contents, property, or activities on property that is available for purchase in connection with a standard homeowner’s insurance policy.

“Insurer” means an insurer that issues or delivers a policy of homeowner’s insurance in the State.

An insurer that issues, sells, or delivers a homeowner’s insurance policy shall at time of application and renewal offer in writing to provide coverage for loss that:

If an application or renewal is made by telephone, the insurer is deemed to be in compliance with subsection (a) of this section if, within 7 calendar days after the date of application or renewal, the insurer sends the offer to the applicant or insured by a first–class mail tracking method.

If an application or renewal is made using the Internet, the insurer is deemed to be in compliance with subsection (a) of this section if the insurer provides the offer to the applicant or insured prior to submission of the application or renewal.

An offer required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

An insurer may comply with the renewal notice requirements of this section by sending the notice authorized by § 19–216 of this subtitle.

The statement under subsection (a) of this section:

The statement required by subsection (a) of this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

The Commissioner may adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section.

The notice shall:

A notice required to be sent by a first–class mail tracking method under this section may be sent with the statement required under § 19–207 of this subtitle.

A notice provided under this section does not create a private right of action.

A notice required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

This section applies to an insurer that offers a homeowner’s insurance or renter’s insurance policy in the State that does not provide coverage for losses caused by specific breeds or specific mixed breeds of dogs.

At the time of application for or issuance of a policy of homeowner’s insurance or renter’s insurance, and at each renewal of a policy of homeowner’s insurance or renter’s insurance, an insurer subject to this section shall provide to an applicant or an insured a written notice that:

An insurer subject to this section may provide the notice required under subsection (b) of this section in the annual statement required under § 19–205 of this subtitle.

The notice required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

The statement shall:

A statement required to be sent by a first–class mail tracking method under this section may be sent with the notice required under § 19–206 of this subtitle.

A statement provided under this section does not create a private right of action.

A statement required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

A policy of homeowner’s, fire, farmowner’s, or dwelling insurance that provides coverage for additional living expenses incurred by an insured as a result of a covered loss may not be issued, sold, or delivered in the State if the policy contains language that limits coverage for additional living expenses to a period of time that is less than 12 months.

A clause in a policy of homeowner’s, fire, farmowner’s, or dwelling insurance that purports to limit coverage for additional living expenses incurred by an insured as a result of a covered loss to a period of time that is less than 12 months is void and unenforceable.

Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, the Commissioner may require an insurer to provide coverage for additional living expenses under a policy of homeowner’s, fire, farmowner’s, or dwelling insurance for up to 24 months if the Commissioner finds that covered property remains uninhabitable due to delays in repair or replacement caused:

Nothing in this section shall be construed to:

An insurer that has adopted an underwriting standard that requires a mandatory hurricane deductible equal to a percentage of the “Coverage A – Dwelling Limit” of the policy shall apply the deductible:

The Commissioner may adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section.

An insurer that issues a policy of homeowner’s insurance that includes a deductible that is equal to a percentage of the “Coverage A – Dwelling Limit” of the policy, or has adopted an underwriting standard that requires a mandatory hurricane deductible equal to a percentage of the “Coverage A – Dwelling Limit” of the policy, shall provide an insured with a statement about the deductible at the time the policy of homeowner’s insurance is first issued and at each renewal.

The statement required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

An insurer shall offer at least one actuarially justified premium discount on a policy of homeowner’s insurance to a policyholder who submits proof of improvements made to the insured premises as a means of mitigating loss from a hurricane or other storm.

Means of mitigating loss include:

Improvements made to the insured premises under this section shall be inspected by a contractor licensed by the Maryland Department of Labor.

A premium discount offered under this section shall:

The notice required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

The Commissioner may adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section.

The Commissioner may adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section.

If the Commissioner finds that compliance with subsection (b) of this section would result in impairment of the insurer or a significant financial loss to the insurer, the Commissioner may allow an insurer to implement its plan of material reduction within 60 days after the filing of the plan.

The Commissioner shall approve the plan of material reduction if the insurer demonstrates that the material reduction is accomplished in a manner that minimizes market disruption in the areas of material reduction.

In reviewing a plan of material reduction, the Commissioner shall assess the impact of the plan of material reduction in:

The Commissioner may adopt regulations to implement the provisions of this section.

Each policy of homeowner’s, farmowner’s, or dwelling insurance issued, sold, or delivered in the State that provides property coverage for a dwelling or personal property on a replacement cost basis shall contain a provision that allows an insured to file a claim for the difference between the actual cash value and the replacement cost for the completed repairs or replacement for not less than 2 years after the date of loss.

An insurer may require an insured seeking additional payments on a replacement cost basis to notify the insurer, within 180 days after the date of loss, of the insured’s intent to repair or replace the dwelling or personal property.

An insurer that offers homeowner’s insurance in the State shall provide a written notice to the insured at the time of application or issuance and at each renewal of the policy that states, in substantially similar language, that, in addition to the other allowable reasons for cancellation or refusal to renew under Maryland law:

In order to support cancellation or refusal to renew under subsection (a)(2)(ii) of this section, the written notice:

A notice required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

An insurer may comply with the renewal notice requirements of this section by sending the notice authorized by § 19–216 of this subtitle.

An insurer that issues a policy of homeowner’s insurance in the State that contains an anti–concurrent causation (ACC) clause shall provide a policyholder each year with a notice that:

The notice under subsection (a) of this section:

A notice required by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

The Commissioner may adopt regulations to implement this section.

The Commissioner shall adopt by regulation a notice to be provided to insureds or policyholders at each renewal regarding areas of concerns, including:

The notice provided under subsection (a) of this section shall:

The notice provided under subsection (a) of this section does not create a private right of action.

An insurer may provide the renewal notices required by §§ 19–202, 19–205(a)(4)(vii), 19–210(f), and 19–214(a) of this subtitle and § 27–501(n)(2) of this article by sending the notice authorized by subsection (a) of this section.

The notice authorized by this section may be delivered by electronic means if the insurer complies with the requirements of § 27–601.2 of this article.

requires an applicant to provide the basic information normally supplied to an insurer by an applicant for that type of coverage; and

includes certain additional questions to be answered by the applicant.

The purpose of this subtitle is to promote the public welfare by reducing fire damage to property and loss of life that is caused by the crime of arson by requiring insurers to secure antiarson applications that contain information to control the incidence of arson fraud from applicants for new policies of property insurance.

This subtitle does not apply to a renewal of an existing property insurance policy or contract.

If, after a public hearing, the Commissioner finds that there is an abnormally high incidence of arson in properties that are insured through commercial monoline fire policies, have a certain type of occupancy, or are located in a certain geographic area of the State, the Commissioner shall require that an antiarson application be used to obtain property insurance covering the peril of fire for property that is insured through that type of policy, has that type of occupancy, or is located in that geographic area of the State.

The Commissioner shall require that an antiarson application be completed when a property insurance policy or contract covering the peril of fire is assigned because of the transfer of a major financial interest in the insured real property, if an antiarson application otherwise would be required under this subtitle.

If, after a public hearing, the Commissioner finds that properties that are insured through a type of policy other than a commercial monoline fire policy have an abnormally high incidence of arson, the Commissioner may extend the application of this subtitle to properties insured through that other type of policy.

An antiarson application shall include:

The Commissioner may require the use of an alternative antiarson application if, after a public hearing, the Commissioner finds that:

An alternative antiarson application may be mandated only for the types of policies, types of occupancies, and geographic areas of the State that otherwise would require the use of an antiarson application under this subtitle.

The designation of any geographic area of the State by the Commissioner under this subtitle is not a valid reason for an insurer to refuse to issue or renew or to terminate any policy or insurance contract.

Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, an insurer, for any reason not prohibited by law, may terminate any policy or insurance contract for which an antiarson application or alternative antiarson application is required under this subtitle at any time within 90 days after the insurer accepts the antiarson application or alternative antiarson application.

An insurer shall state the specific reasons for terminating a policy or insurance contract in the notice of termination to the insured.

An insurer may not issue a workers’ compensation insurance policy unless the State Workers’ Compensation Commission has approved the form of the policy.

Each policy of workers’ compensation insurance shall include the following provisions:

The Commissioner may:

Each insurer shall set premium rates for workers’ compensation insurance in accordance with the requirements of the Commissioner under subsection (a) of this section.

A workers’ compensation insurance policy issued or delivered in the State may provide for deductibles.

When a claim is payable under a workers’ compensation insurance policy with deductibles:

the employer must have a work permit for each minor employee as required by Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Labor and Employment Article; and

if the employer does not have a work permit for a minor employee:

This section does not apply to the cancellation of a policy or binder of workers’ compensation insurance by an insurer during the 45–day underwriting period in accordance with § 12–106 of this article.

Except for a cancellation for nonpayment of premium, an insurer may not cancel or refuse to renew a workers’ compensation insurance policy before its expiration unless, at least 45 days before the date of cancellation or nonrenewal, the insurer:

Notice under this section may be given:

Notice under this section shall state when the cancellation or nonrenewal takes effect.

Whenever an employer receives a notice under this section, the employer immediately shall secure coverage in accordance with § 9–402 of the Labor and Employment Article that will be in effect when the cancellation takes effect.

In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.

“Named insured” means the person denominated in the declarations in a motor vehicle liability insurance policy.

This subtitle does not affect Title 17 of the Transportation Article.

Neither this subtitle nor Title 17 of the Transportation Article prevents an insurer from issuing, selling, or delivering motor vehicle liability insurance policies that provide liability coverage in excess of the requirements of the Maryland Vehicle Law.

This subtitle does not affect the right of a person to claim and sue for damages or losses that the person sustains as the result of a motor vehicle accident.

The Commissioner may adopt regulations to carry out this subtitle.

The Commissioner may review any motor vehicle liability insurance policy issued, sold, or delivered in the State to determine whether it complies with this subtitle and regulations adopted under this subtitle.

In this section, “insurance identification card” means a card issued by or on behalf of an insurer, in a form that the Commissioner prescribes or approves, as an indication that the insurer has issued a motor vehicle liability insurance policy meeting the requirements of this subtitle.

This section applies only when the liability coverage under a policy or binder of private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance exceeds the amount required under § 17-103 of the Transportation Article.

An insurer shall offer to the first named insured under a policy or binder of private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance liability coverage for claims made by a family member in the same amount as the liability coverage for claims made by a nonfamily member under the policy or binder.

Unless waived in accordance with § 19–506 of this subtitle or rejected in accordance with § 19–506.1 of this subtitle, each insurer that issues, sells, or delivers a motor vehicle liability insurance policy in the State shall provide coverage for the medical, hospital, and disability benefits described in this section for each of the following individuals:

A waiver made under this section is not effective unless, prior to the waiver, the insurer gives the first named insured written notice of the nature, extent, and cost of the coverage described in § 19-505 of this subtitle.

A waiver made under this section by a person that is insured continuously by the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund or the insurer is effective until the waiver is withdrawn in writing.

At the time of application for a policy described in subsection (a)(1)(i) of this section, the first named insured shall elect in writing to:

The benefits described in § 19–505 of this subtitle shall be payable without regard to:

An insurer that provides the benefits described in § 19–505 of this subtitle does not have a right of subrogation and does not have a claim against any other person or insurer to recover any benefits paid because of the alleged fault of the other person in causing or contributing to a motor vehicle accident.

Payments of benefits that are not made in accordance with this section and that are overdue shall bear simple interest at the rate of 1.5% per month.

In this section, “uninsured motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle:

The uninsured motorist coverage required by this section does not apply to a motor vehicle liability insurance policy:

In addition to any other coverage required by this subtitle, each motor vehicle liability insurance policy issued, sold, or delivered in the State after July 1, 1975, shall contain coverage for damages, subject to the policy limits, that:

The uninsured motorist coverage required by this section shall be in the form and subject to the conditions that the Commissioner approves.

An insurer may exclude from the uninsured motorist coverage required by this section benefits for:

The limit of liability for an insurer that provides uninsured motorist coverage under this section is the amount of that coverage less the amount paid to the insured, that exhausts any applicable liability insurance policies, bonds, and securities, on behalf of any person that may be held liable for the bodily injuries or death of the insured.

An endorsement or provision that protects the insured against damages caused by an uninsured motor vehicle that is contained in a policy issued and delivered in the State is deemed to cover damages caused by a motor vehicle insured by a liability insurer that is insolvent or otherwise unable to pay claims to the same extent and in the same manner as if the damages were caused by an uninsured motor vehicle.

A provision in a motor vehicle liability insurance policy issued after July 1, 1975, about coverage for damages sustained by the insured as a result of the operation of an uninsured motor vehicle that requires a dispute between the insured and the insurer to be submitted to binding arbitration is prohibited and is of no legal effect.

In this section, “underinsured motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle that has liability coverage in an amount less than, more than, or equal to the uninsured motorist coverage provided under the insured party’s motor vehicle liability insurance policy.

The enhanced underinsured motorist coverage required by this section does not apply to a motor vehicle liability insurance policy:

In addition to any other coverage required by this subtitle, each private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance policy issued, sold, or delivered in the State on or after July 1, 2024, to an insured that maintains enhanced underinsured motorist coverage instead of the uninsured motorist coverage required under § 19–509 of this subtitle shall contain coverage for damages, subject to the policy limits, that:

The enhanced underinsured motorist coverage required by this section shall be on the form that the Commissioner requires.

An insurer may exclude from the enhanced underinsured motorist coverage required by this section benefits for:

The limit of liability for an insurer that provides enhanced underinsured motorist coverage under this section:

An endorsement or a provision that protects the insured against damages caused by an underinsured motor vehicle that is contained in a policy issued and delivered in the State is deemed to cover damages caused by a motor vehicle insured by a liability insurer that is insolvent or otherwise unable to pay claims to the same extent and in the same manner as if the damages were caused by an underinsured motor vehicle.

A provision in a private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance policy issued on or after July 1, 2018, about coverage for damages sustained by the insured as a result of the operation of an underinsured motor vehicle that requires a dispute between the insured and the insurer to be submitted to binding arbitration is prohibited and is of no legal effect.

A final judgment in an action for personal injury protection coverage under a motor vehicle liability insurance policy does not preclude a subsequent action for uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage arising out of the same motor vehicle accident or occurrence.

A final judgment in an action for personal injury protection coverage under a private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance policy does not preclude a subsequent action for enhanced underinsured motorist coverage arising out of the same motor vehicle accident or occurrence.

This section applies only when:

A waiver made under this section is not effective unless, prior to the waiver, the insurer gives the first named insured written notice of the nature, extent, benefit, and cost of the level of the uninsured motorist coverage being waived.

A waiver made under this section by a person that is insured continuously by an insurer or by the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund is effective until the waiver is withdrawn in writing.

This section does not apply when the first named insured under a policy or binder of private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance has enhanced underinsured motorist coverage under § 19–509.1 of this subtitle instead of the uninsured motorist coverage required under § 19–509 of this subtitle.

If an injured person receives a written offer from a motor vehicle insurance liability insurer or that insurer’s authorized agent to settle a claim for bodily injury or death, and the amount of the settlement offer, in combination with any other settlements arising out of the same occurrence, would exhaust the bodily injury or death limits of the applicable liability insurance policies, bonds, and securities, the injured person shall send by certified mail, to any insurer that provides uninsured motorist coverage for the bodily injury or death, a copy of the liability insurer’s written settlement offer.

Within 60 days after receipt of the notice required under subsection (b) of this section, the uninsured motorist insurer shall send to the injured person:

Within 30 days after a refusal to consent to acceptance of a settlement offer under subsection (c)(2) of this section, the uninsured motorist insurer shall pay to the injured person the amount of the settlement offer.

The injured person may accept the liability insurer’s settlement offer and execute releases in favor of the liability insurer and its insured without prejudice to any claim the injured person may have against the uninsured motorist insurer:

Written consent by an uninsured motorist insurer to acceptance of a settlement offer under subsection (c)(1) of this section:

This section applies only when the first named insured under a policy or binder of private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance has enhanced underinsured motorist coverage under § 19–509.1 of this subtitle instead of the uninsured motorist coverage required under § 19–509 of this subtitle.

If an injured person receives a written offer from a motor vehicle liability insurer or that insurer’s authorized agent to settle a claim for bodily injury or death, and the amount of the settlement offer, in combination with any other settlements arising out of the same occurrence, would exhaust the bodily injury or death limits of the applicable liability insurance policies, bonds, and securities, the injured person shall send by certified mail, to any insurer that provides enhanced underinsured motorist coverage for the bodily injury or death, a copy of the liability insurer’s written settlement offer.

Within 60 days after receipt of the notice required under subsection (b) of this section, the enhanced underinsured motorist insurer shall send to the injured person:

Within 30 days after a refusal to consent to acceptance of a settlement offer under subsection (c)(2) of this section, the enhanced underinsured motorist insurer shall pay to the injured person the amount of the settlement offer.

The injured person may accept the motor vehicle liability insurer’s settlement offer and execute releases in favor of the liability insurer and its insured without prejudice to any claim the injured person may have against the enhanced underinsured motorist insurer:

Written consent by an enhanced underinsured motorist insurer to acceptance of a settlement offer under subsection (c)(1) of this section:

An insurer may offer to provide to the insured coverage for damages incurred by the insured as a result of the loss of use of a rental vehicle or a shared motor vehicle that sustains collision damage while rented by the insured.

This section does not prohibit a nonprofit health service plan or an authorized insurer, with the approval of the Commissioner, from providing medical, hospital, and disability benefits in connection with motor vehicle accidents.

Benefits payable under the coverages described in §§ 19–505 and 19–509 of this subtitle shall be reduced to the extent that the recipient has recovered benefits under the workers’ compensation laws of a state or the federal government for which the provider of the workers’ compensation benefits has not been reimbursed.

This section applies to a motor vehicle insurance policy issued, sold, or delivered in the State that covers a motor vehicle that is specially equipped for the transportation of or operation by an individual with a disability.

If a motor vehicle insurance policy described in subsection (a) of this section provides for reimbursement of the costs of a rental motor vehicle, the insurer shall, upon request of the applicant or insured, make available for the appropriate premium at the time of the issuance or renewal of the policy a daily reimbursement rate of up to $100, for a maximum of $1,500 per policy period, to allow the insured to rent a motor vehicle that is equipped similarly to the covered motor vehicle.

Insurance required under § 10–405 of the Public Utilities Article shall be deemed to satisfy the financial responsibility requirement for a motor vehicle under §§ 19–505 and 19–509 of this subtitle and Title 17, Subtitle 1 of the Transportation Article.

Beginning July 1, 2017, and annually thereafter through July 1, 2021, the Commissioner shall make a determination whether, with regard to the required coverages under § 10–405(a) of the Public Utilities Article, there is a viable, affordable, and adequate market of authorized insurers in the State, including the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund, available to provide the required coverages to the transportation network services industry.

To the extent that the Commissioner makes an affirmative finding of availability, and in accordance with the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 3 of this article, it is the intent of the General Assembly that required coverages be obtained from authorized insurers and the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund.

In this section, “volunteer driver” means an individual who provides driving services, including transportation of individuals or goods, without compensation other than for expenses to:

An insurer that issues, sells, or delivers a motor vehicle liability insurance policy in the State may not:

This section does not prohibit an insurer from canceling, refusing to renew, imposing a surcharge on, or otherwise increasing the rate for a motor vehicle liability insurance policy based on factors other than the status of a driver under the policy as a volunteer driver.

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an authorized motor vehicle insurer and the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund may reinstate, without a lapse in coverage, a private passenger motor vehicle liability insurance policy that was canceled by the insurer or the Fund for nonpayment of premium on payment by the policyholder of:

Before an authorized motor vehicle insurer or the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund reinstates a policy under this section, the policyholder shall provide to the insurer or the Fund a written certification, in the form and manner specified by the insurer or the Fund, that no losses were incurred by the policyholder from the time and date the policy was canceled through the time and date the policy is reinstated.

A reinstatement of a policy by an authorized motor vehicle insurer or the Maryland Automobile Insurance Fund under this section:

This section does not invalidate or limit an exclusion contained in a motor vehicle liability insurance policy, including an insurance policy in use or approved for use that excludes coverage for motor vehicles made available for rent, sharing, or hire or for a business use.

A peer–to–peer car sharing program and a shared vehicle owner shall be exempt from vicarious liability consistent with 49 U.S.C. § 30106 and under any state or local law that imposes liability solely based on vehicle ownership.

In a claim coverage investigation following a vehicular accident, a peer–to–peer car sharing program shall cooperate to facilitate the exchange of information with directly involved parties and any motor vehicle insurer of a shared vehicle owner regarding the vehicle’s use in a peer–to–peer car sharing program.

associations, corporations, institutions, organizations, or societies that are exempt from taxation under § 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code;

clubs that are organized and operated exclusively for recreational purposes and are exempt from taxation under § 501(c)(7) of the Internal Revenue Code;

nonprofit associations, corporations, or other organizations that are comprised of residents of a community and are operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare and general neighborhood improvement; and

nonprofit organizations that are comprised of property owners in a subdivision or group of subdivisions and whose purpose is to represent the mutual interests of the property owners regarding the construction, protection, and maintenance of commonly owned or used property and improvements.

In this section, “public entity” means:

Public entities may pool together to purchase casualty insurance, property insurance, or health insurance or to self–insure against casualty, property, or health risks.