In addition to the registration fee otherwise required by this title, the owner of a motor vehicle shall pay an annual surcharge: On or before July 1, 2025, of: $125.00 for each zero–emission vehicle, as defined in § 23–206.4 of this article; and $100.00 for each plug–in electric drive vehicle that is not a zero–emission vehicle; and After June 30, 2025, at a rate based on the amounts established under item (1) of this subsection adjusted for inflation as determined annually by the Administration. The Administration shall allow for payment of a surcharge assessed under this section: At the time the annual registration fee is paid; or In installments throughout the registration period, as determined by the Administration. The proceeds collected from the surcharge assessed under subsection (a)(1) of this section shall be deposited into the Transportation Trust Fund. If a person that owns a motor vehicle that is assessed the surcharge fails to pay the surcharge or installments, the Administration shall refuse to register or renew or transfer the registration of the motor vehicle.