<section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-101" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this title and Title 25 of this article the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Alley” means a street that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is intended to provide access to the rear or side of a lot or building in an urban district; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is not intended for through vehicular traffic.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Bicycle path” means any travelway designed and designated by signing or signing and marking for bicycle use, located within its own right–of–way or in a shared right–of–way, and physically separated from motor vehicle traffic by berm, shoulder, curb, or other similar device.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>“Bicycle way” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Any trail, path, part of a highway, surfaced or smooth shoulder, or sidewalk; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Any other travelway specifically signed, marked, or otherwise designated for bicycle travel.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Bicycle way” includes:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Bicycle path; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Bike lane.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>“Bike lane” means any portion of a roadway or shoulder designated for single directional bicycle flow.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>“Business district” means an area that adjoins and includes a highway where at least 50 percent of the frontage along the highway, for a distance of at least 300 feet, is occupied by buildings used for business.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>“Controlled access highway” means a highway or roadway to or from which persons, including the owners or occupants of abutting lands, have no right of access except at the points and in the manner determined by the public authority with jurisdiction over the highway or roadway.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>“Crossover” means a transverse roadway or opening that connects the separate roadways of a divided highway at a point other than an intersection of the divided highway with another highway.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>“Crosswalk” means that part of a roadway that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Within the prolongation or connection of the lateral lines of sidewalks at any place where 2 or more roadways of any type meet or join, measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the roadway;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Within the prolongation or connection of the lateral lines of a bicycle way where a bicycle way and a roadway of any type meet or join, measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the roadway; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i–1"> <level label="1"> <text>“Dedicated bus lane” means a lane designated for use by mass transit vehicles owned, operated, or contracted for by the Maryland Transit Administration, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, or a local department of transportation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Dedicated bus lane” includes transit bus stops located proximate to lanes designated for use by mass transit vehicles.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <text>“Electric personal assistive mobility device” or “EPAMD” means a pedestrian device that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Has two nontandem wheels;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is self–balancing;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Is powered by an electric propulsion system;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Has a maximum speed capability of 15 miles per hour; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Is designed to transport one person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <text>“Expressway” means a major highway of 2 or more traffic lanes in each direction that is designed to eliminate principal traffic hazards and has the following characteristics:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A median divider separating opposing traffic lanes to eliminate head–on collisions and sideswiping;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Grade separation structures to eliminate the conflict of cross streams of traffic at each intersection;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Points of entrance and exit limited to predetermined locations;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Vertical curves long enough to provide long sight distances; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Shoulders wide enough to permit vehicles to stop or park out of traffic lanes.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <level label="1"> <text>“Intersection” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The area within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines or, in the absence of curbs, the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways that join at or approximately at right angles; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The area within which vehicles traveling on different highways joining at any other angle may come in conflict.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a divided highway includes two roadways that are 30 feet or more apart, every crossing of each roadway of the divided highway by an intersecting highway is a separate intersection. If the intersecting highway also includes two roadways that are 30 feet or more apart, every crossing of two roadways of these highways is a separate intersection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l–1"> <text>“Interstate highway” means a State highway that is part of the national interstate system in the State, as designated by the Administration and approved by the United States Secretary of Transportation under Title 23 of the United States Code.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <text>“Play vehicle” means a vehicle that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Has two or more wheels;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is propelled only by human power;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Is not a bicycle, as defined in Title 11 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Is not a wheelchair.</text> </level> </level> <level label="n"> <text>“Private road or driveway” means any way or place that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is privately owned; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is used for vehicular travel by its owner and by those having express or implied permission from the owner, but not by other persons.</text> </level> </level> <level label="o"> <text>“Public bicycle area” means any highway, bicycle path, or other facility or area maintained by this State, a political subdivision of this State, or any of their agencies for the use of bicycles.</text> </level> <level label="p"> <text>“Railroad” means a carrier of people or property on cars that are operated on stationary rails.</text> </level> <level label="q"> <text>“Railroad sign” or “railroad signal” means any sign, signal, or device placed by authority of a public body or official or by a railroad to warn of the presence of railroad tracks or the approach of a railroad train.</text> </level> <level label="r"> <text>“Railroad train” means any locomotive or any other car, rolling stock, equipment, or other device that, alone or coupled to others, is operated on stationary rails.</text> </level> <level label="s"> <text>“Residential district” means an area that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a business district; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjoins and includes a highway where the property along the highway, for a distance of at least 300 feet, is improved mainly with residences or residences and buildings used for business.</text> </level> </level> <level label="t"> <text>“Right–of–way” means the right of one vehicle or pedestrian to proceed in a lawful manner on a highway in preference to another vehicle or pedestrian.</text> </level> <level label="t–1"> <text>“Safety corridor” means a segment of a highway that is identified by the State Highway Administration as an area of high risk to vulnerable road users in a vulnerable road user safety assessment prepared under 23 U.S.C. § 148.</text> </level> <level label="u"> <text>“Safety zone” means an area in a roadway that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is officially set apart for the exclusive use of pedestrians; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is protected or is so marked or indicated by adequate signs as to be plainly visible at all times while set apart as a safety zone.</text> </level> </level> <level label="v"> <text>“Shoulder” means that portion of a highway contiguous with the roadway for the accommodation of stopped vehicles, for emergency use, for use by bicycles and motor scooters, and for the lateral support of the base and surface courses of the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="w"> <text>“Sidewalk” means that part of a highway:</text> <level label="1"> <text>That is intended for use by pedestrians; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>That is between:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The lateral curb lines or, in the absence of curbs, the lateral boundary lines of a roadway; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The adjacent property lines.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="x"> <text>“Through highway” means a highway or part of a highway:</text> <level label="1"> <text>On which vehicular traffic is given the right–of–way; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At the entrances to which vehicular traffic from intersecting highways is required by law to yield the right–of–way to vehicles on that highway or part of a highway, in obedience to either a stop sign or yield sign placed as provided in the Maryland Vehicle Law.</text> </level> </level> <level label="y"> <text>“Urban district” means an area that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Adjoins and includes any street; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is built up with structures that are:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Devoted to business, industry, or dwelling houses; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Situated at intervals of less than 100 feet, for a distance of at least a quarter of a mile.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="z"> <text>“Wheelchair” means a mobility aid belonging to any class of three– or four–wheeled devices that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is usable indoors;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Does not exceed 30 inches in width and 48 inches in length, when measured 2 inches above the ground; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Is designed for and used by a mobility impaired individual, whether operated manually or powered.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-101.1" future_version_removed="true" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>The provisions of this title relating to the driving of vehicles refer only to the driving of vehicles on highways, except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>As provided in subsection (b) of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Where a different or additional place specifically is provided for.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle in violation of any provision of this title on any private property that is used by the public in general, or on any private roadway located within:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A residential subdivision or community in Calvert County; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For the period beginning October 1, 2025, and ending July 1, 2028, the Queen Anne Village community in Owings Mills in Baltimore County.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle in violation of any provision of this title on any property that is owned by or under the control of this State or any of its political subdivisions, county boards of education, or community colleges and that is open to vehicular traffic and used by the public in general.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any person who violates any provision of this subsection is in violation of the law to the same extent and is subject to the same penalty as if the motor vehicle were driven on a highway.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-102" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <text>A person may not do any act prohibited or fail to do any act required by this title.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-103" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not willfully disobey any lawful order or direction of any police officer.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection may not be construed to authorize a police officer at a motor vehicle checkpoint, as defined in § 25–114 of this article, to target only motorcycles for inspection or evaluation, except as appropriate at a police checkpoint established as part of a police search or investigation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A police officer may summon witnesses to testify under oath on any charge brought under the Maryland Vehicle Law.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not willfully disobey a summons.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-104" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>Every person riding an animal or driving an animal–drawn vehicle on a roadway has all the rights granted to and is subject to all the duties required of the driver of a vehicle by this title, except for those provisions of this title that by their very nature cannot apply.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except in Charles, Worcester, and St. Mary’s counties, or as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not ride an animal or drive an animal–drawn vehicle on:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Any divided highway where the posted maximum speed limit is more than 35 miles per hour; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Any controlled access highway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In Anne Arundel County, a person may ride an animal on any part of a highway described in paragraph (1) of this subsection, other than on its roadway or shoulder.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “horse” includes donkeys, mules, and ponies.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, this subsection applies only to horse riding on:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A highway;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A public horse–riding path or trail; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The grounds of a facility:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Whose primary purpose is equestrian activities; and</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>That solicits or offers to the public recreational, educational, therapeutic, or competitive equestrian activities.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>This subsection does not apply to a minor who is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Crossing a public highway that separates privately owned land;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Engaged in an agricultural practice or pursuit;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A member of an Amish or a Mennonite community; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Receiving therapy services from a licensed medical provider and for whom the use of an alternative helmet is necessary, appropriate, and in compliance with the Professional Association of Therapeutic Horsemanship International’s Guidelines for Alternative Helmet Use.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An adult who is present and directly supervising a minor may not allow the minor to ride a horse unless the minor is wearing a properly secured helmet that meets or exceeds the standards of the American Society of Testing and Materials for protective headgear used in equestrian riding.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A violation of this subsection involving an adult supervising multiple minors at the same time shall be treated as a single violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-104.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “all–terrain vehicle” includes an off–highway motorcycle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Any person operating an all–terrain vehicle or a snowmobile on any portion of a highway designated for all–terrain vehicle or snowmobile use under § 25–102(a)(14) of this article has all the rights granted to and is subject to all the duties required of the driver of a vehicle by this title, except for those provisions of this title that by their very nature cannot apply.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In Allegany County and Garrett County a person may not operate an all–terrain vehicle or a snowmobile on a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, in Allegany County and Garrett County a person may operate an all–terrain vehicle or a snowmobile on a State highway when crossing or traveling on the State highway in accordance with § 25–102(a)(14) of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-104.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (b) of this section, a person who operates a golf cart on a county or municipal highway without registration, as authorized under § 13–402(c)(11) of this article:</text> <level label="1"> <text>May operate the golf cart only:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On a highway on which the maximum posted speed limit does not exceed:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in item 2 of this item, 30 miles per hour; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In Golden Beach Patuxent Knolls, St. Mary’s County, 35 miles per hour;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Between dawn and dusk; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If the golf cart is equipped with lighting devices as required by the Administration;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall keep the golf cart as far to the right of the roadway as feasible; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Shall possess a valid driver’s license.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The governing body of a county or municipality may designate the county or municipal highways under their respective jurisdictions within the county or municipality on which a person may operate a golf cart.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-104.3" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Personal delivery device” means a powered device that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Is operated primarily on shoulders, sidewalks, and crosswalks;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Is intended for the transport of property on public rights–of–way;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Weighs not more than 550 pounds, excluding cargo; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Is capable of navigating with or without the active control or monitoring of an individual.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Personal delivery device operator” means an entity or its agent that exercises active or passive physical control or monitoring over the navigation system and operation of a personal delivery device.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Personal delivery device operator” does not include a person that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Requests or receives the services of a personal delivery device to transport property; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Arranges for and dispatches a personal delivery device to provide service to another person.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subject to § 21–1205.1(f) of this title, a personal delivery device may operate without registration on any roadway, sidewalk, shoulder, or crosswalk in the State.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A personal delivery device may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Unreasonably interfere with traffic;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Block public rights–of–way;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Transport hazardous materials regulated under the Hazardous Materials Transport Act and required to be placarded under 49 C.F.R. Part 172, Subpart F; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Operate on a sidewalk or crosswalk at a speed exceeding 7 miles per hour.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A personal delivery device operated on any roadway, sidewalk, shoulder, or crosswalk in the State shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Be visibly marked with a unique identifying number;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Be visibly marked with a means of identifying the personal delivery device operator;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the personal delivery device operator is acting on behalf of a corporate entity, be visibly marked with contact information for that entity;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Be equipped with a system that enables the personal delivery device to come to a controlled stop;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Be covered by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>An insurance policy that provides general liability coverage of at least $100,000 for damages; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Another form of security acceptable to the Administration that adequately provides the benefits required by item (i) of this item;</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Be equipped with lighting devices as required by the Administration after consultation with industry stakeholders;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>Obey all traffic and pedestrian control devices; and</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>Be subject to municipal or county permitting requirements, where applicable.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Any information required by this section to be visibly marked on a personal delivery device shall also be marked in braille lettering.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Prior to beginning operations in the State, each operator of a personal delivery device shall file with the Administrator an emergency response plan designed to inform first responders about the personal delivery device, including information on its equipment and attributes and on how to deal with the device when it is encountered on public rights–of–way.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Administrator, after consultation with industry stakeholders, may adopt policies outlining what must be included in an emergency response plan.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The Administrator shall be responsible for making each emergency response plan filed with the Administrator available to the appropriate first responder agencies of the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>An operator of a personal delivery device shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Notify the governing body of each county and municipality within which the operator intends to operate the personal delivery device at least 30 days before the operator begins operating the personal delivery device in the county or municipality; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Comply with all local ordinances, regulations, and rules of each county and municipality for which the operator is required to provide notice under item (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-105" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <text>Unless specifically made applicable, the provisions of this title, except for those in Subtitle 9 of this title, do not apply to persons, motor vehicles, and equipment while engaged in construction or maintenance work on a highway. However, the provisions of this title do apply to these persons, vehicles, and equipment when traveling to or from this work.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-106" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to the conditions stated in this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The driver of an emergency vehicle registered in any state may exercise the privileges set forth in this section while:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Responding to an emergency call;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Pursuing a violator or suspected violator of the law;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Responding to, but not while returning from, a fire alarm;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Transporting on an emergency basis a human organ for transplantation; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>Transporting medical personnel on an emergency basis for the purpose of performing human organ recovery or transplantation;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The driver of an emergency vehicle registered in the State or a local jurisdiction in the State may exercise the privileges set forth in this section while performing motorcade or escort duty if the motorcade or escort duty involves:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Homeland security;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A funeral;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A dignitary; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Facilitating the safe movement of vehicles or pedestrians that are or will be near the motorcade or escort; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>The Administration may designate an organ delivery vehicle as an emergency vehicle only if it is registered to a federally designated organ procurement organization or a professional organ transportation organization; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person may not exercise the privileges authorized under this section while operating an organ delivery vehicle unless the person is certified to operate emergency vehicles through completion of an emergency vehicle operator course approved by the Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Under the circumstances stated in subsection (a) of this section, the driver of an emergency vehicle may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Park or stand without regard to the other provisions of this title;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Pass a red or stop signal, a stop sign, or a yield sign, but only after slowing down as necessary for safety;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Exceed any maximum speed limit, but only so long as the driver does not endanger life or property;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Disregard any traffic control device or regulation governing direction of movement or turning in a specified direction; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Travel through any local jurisdiction in the State as necessary to perform and return from motorcade or escort duty.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, the privileges set forth in this section apply only while the emergency vehicle is using audible and visual signals that meet the requirements of § 22–218 of this article, except that an emergency vehicle operated as a police vehicle need not be equipped with or display the visual signals.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The privileges set forth in subsection (b)(1) of this section apply only while the emergency vehicle is using visual signals that meet the requirements of § 22–218 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>The driver of an emergency vehicle may not use flashing lights or a bell, siren, or exhaust whistle while returning from an emergency call, fire alarm, or motorcade or escort, except that fire apparatus carrying standing firefighters may use flashing lights that are visible only to the rear.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The driver of an emergency vehicle, while parking or backing the emergency vehicle, may use flashing lights within 100 feet of the entrance ramp to a:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Fire station; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Rescue station.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Before exercising the privileges set forth in subsection (b)(5) of this section, the jurisdiction that employs the driver of a motorcade or escort shall provide notice of the motorcade or escort to any jurisdiction that the driver will enter while performing or returning from the motorcade or escort duty.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>This section does not relieve the driver of an emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-107" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="1" subtitle_name="Definitions; General Provisions"> <level label="a"> <text>A school crossing guard who meets the qualifications in subsection (b) of this section may stop or otherwise direct vehicles and pedestrians on a highway or on school grounds to assist:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Pedestrians in the safe crossing of highways at a school crossing;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>School vehicles in entering and leaving school grounds; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except in Baltimore City, vehicles that are not school vehicles in entering and leaving school grounds.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A school crossing guard is qualified to direct traffic as described in subsection (a) of this section if the school crossing guard:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is 18 years of age or older;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is under the control of a local law enforcement agency or a county school board;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Has completed training to perform any traffic direction duties to which the guard is assigned as prescribed by the law enforcement agency or county school board that has control over the school crossing guard; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Is wearing an appropriate uniform as specified by the law enforcement agency or county school board that has control over the school crossing guard.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not willfully disobey a lawful direction of a school crossing guard exercising the authority granted in this section.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Nothing in this section prohibits a school crossing guard who does not meet the qualifications specified in subsection (b) of this section from assisting a pedestrian to cross a highway, providing the school crossing guard does not attempt to do so by directing traffic.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-201" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the exceptions granted in this title to the driver of an emergency vehicle, the driver of any vehicle, unless otherwise directed by a police officer, shall obey the instructions of any traffic control device applicable to the vehicle and placed in accordance with the Maryland Vehicle Law.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The driver of a vehicle approaching an intersection controlled by a traffic control device may not drive across private property or leave the roadway for the purpose of avoiding the instructions of a traffic control device.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If a provision of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of an ordinance or regulation of a local authority requires a traffic control device, the provision is unenforceable against an alleged violator if, at the time and place of the alleged violation, the traffic control device is not in proper position and legible enough to be seen by an ordinarily observant individual.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Unless a provision of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of an ordinance or regulation of a local authority states that a traffic control device is required, the provision is effective and enforceable even if no traffic control device is in place.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Unless the contrary is established by competent evidence, if a traffic control device is placed in a position approximately meeting the requirements of the Maryland Vehicle Law, the device is presumed to have been placed by the official act or direction of lawful authority.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Unless the contrary is established by competent evidence, if a traffic control device is placed in accordance with the Maryland Vehicle Law and purports to meet the lawful requirements governing these devices, the device is presumed to meet the requirements of the Maryland Vehicle Law.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-202" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except for special pedestrian signals that carry a legend, where traffic is controlled by traffic control signals that show different colored lights or colored lighted arrows, whether successively one at a time or in combination, only the colors green, red, and yellow may be used.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>These lights apply to drivers and pedestrians as provided in this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Vehicular traffic facing a circular green signal may proceed straight through or, unless a sign at the place prohibits the turn, turn right or left.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Vehicular traffic described under subsection (b) of this section, including any vehicle turning right or left, shall yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle and any pedestrian lawfully within the intersection or an adjacent crosswalk when the signal is shown.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Vehicular traffic facing a green arrow signal, whether shown alone or with another indication, cautiously may enter the intersection, but only to make the movement indicated by the arrow or to make another movement permitted by other indications shown at the same time.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Vehicular traffic described under subsection (d) of this section shall yield the right–of–way to any pedestrian or bicycle lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to any other traffic lawfully using the intersection.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian control signal as provided in § 21-203 of this subtitle, a pedestrian facing any green signal, unless the green signal is only a turn arrow, may cross the roadway, within any marked or unmarked crosswalk, in the direction of the green signal.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>Vehicular traffic facing a steady yellow signal is warned that the related green movement is ending or that a red signal, which will prohibit vehicular traffic from entering the intersection, will be shown immediately after the yellow signal.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian control signal as provided in § 21-203 of this subtitle, a pedestrian facing a steady yellow signal is warned that there is not enough time to cross the roadway before a red signal is shown, and a pedestrian may not then start to cross the roadway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>Vehicular traffic facing a steady circular red signal alone:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Shall stop at the near side of the intersection:</text> <level label="1"> <text>At a clearly marked stop line;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If there is no clearly marked stop line, before entering any crosswalk; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If there is no crosswalk, before entering the intersection; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Except as provided in subsections (i), (j), and (k) of this section, shall remain stopped until a signal to proceed is shown.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Vehicular traffic facing a steady red arrow signal:</text> <level label="i"> <text>May not enter the intersection to make the movement indicated by the arrow;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Unless entering the intersection to make a movement permitted by another signal, shall stop at the near side of the intersection:</text> <level label="1"> <text>At a clearly marked stop line;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If there is no clearly marked stop line, before entering any crosswalk; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If there is no crosswalk, before entering the intersection; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Except as provided in subsections (i), (j), and (k) of this section, shall remain stopped until a signal permitting the movement is shown.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>Unless a sign prohibiting a turn is in place, vehicular traffic facing a steady red signal, after stopping as required by subsection (h) of this section, cautiously may enter the intersection and make:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A right turn; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A left turn from a one-way street onto a one-way street.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <text>If a sign permitting any other turn is in place, vehicular traffic facing a steady red signal, after stopping as required by subsection (h) of this section, cautiously may enter the intersection and make the turn indicated by the sign.</text> </level> <level label="k"> <text>In each instance, vehicular traffic described in subsections (i) and (j) of this section shall yield the right–of–way to any pedestrian or bicycle lawfully within an adjacent crosswalk and to any vehicle in the intersection or approaching on another roadway so closely as to constitute an immediate hazard.</text> </level> <level label="l"> <text>Unless otherwise directed by a pedestrian control signal as provided in § 21-203 of this subtitle, pedestrians facing a steady red signal alone may not enter the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <text>Except for those provisions of this section that by their very nature cannot apply, this section applies to a traffic control signal placed at a location other than an intersection. Each stop required by the signal shall be made at a sign or marking on the pavement indicating where the stop shall be made or, if there is no sign or marking, at the signal.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-202.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Agency” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For a traffic control signal operated and maintained at an intersection under the control of the State, the law enforcement agency primarily responsible for traffic control at that intersection; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a traffic control signal operated and maintained at an intersection under the control of a political subdivision, a law enforcement agency of the political subdivision that is authorized to issue citations for a violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of local traffic laws or regulations.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or more.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motor vehicle rental or leasing company;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of this article; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A peer–to–peer car sharing program under § 19–520 of the Insurance Article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Recorded images” means images recorded by a traffic control signal monitoring system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Two or more photographs;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Two or more microphotographs;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Two or more electronic images;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing the rear of a motor vehicle and, on at least one image or portion of tape, clearly identifying the registration plate number of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Traffic control signal monitoring system” means a device with one or more motor vehicle sensors working in conjunction with a traffic control signal to produce recorded images of motor vehicles entering an intersection against a red signal indication.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The agency primarily responsible for traffic control at an intersection monitored by a traffic control signal monitoring system shall ensure that the length of time that a traffic control signal displays a yellow light before changing to a red signal indication is set in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Highway Administration consistent with standards or guidelines established by the Federal Highway Administration.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An agency may not issue a citation for a violation recorded by a traffic control signal monitoring system at a traffic control signal that does not comply with the timing requirements of paragraph (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section applies to a violation of § 21-202(h) of this subtitle at an intersection monitored by a traffic control signal monitoring system.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (g)(5) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if the motor vehicle is recorded by a traffic control signal monitoring system while being operated in violation of § 21-202(h) of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A civil penalty under this subsection may not exceed $100.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court shall prescribe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A uniform citation form consistent with subsection (e)(1) of this section and § 7-302 of the Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A civil penalty, which shall be indicated on the citation, to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection, an agency shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (d) of this section a citation which shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The location of the intersection;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A copy of the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty should be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement by a technician employed by the agency that, based on inspection of recorded images, the motor vehicle was being operated in violation of § 21–202(h) of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that recorded images are evidence of a violation of § 21–202(h) of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Warning that failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner is an admission of liability and may result in refusal or suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The agency may mail a warning notice in lieu of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (d) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (g)(5) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>An agency may not mail a citation to a person who is not an owner under subsection (a)(3)(ii) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty, in accordance with instructions on the citation, directly to the political subdivision or to the District Court; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>To mail the citation or warning notice, an agency shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that the violation of § 21-202(h) of this subtitle occurred, sworn to or affirmed by a duly authorized agent of the agency, based on inspection of recorded images produced by a traffic control signal monitoring system shall be evidence of the facts contained therein and shall be admissible in any proceeding alleging a violation under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>That the driver of the vehicle passed through the intersection in violation of § 21-202(h) of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In order to yield the right-of-way to an emergency vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As part of a funeral procession in accordance with § 21-207 of this subtitle;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>That under § 21-201 of this subtitle, this section is unenforceable against the owner because at the time and place of the alleged violation, the traffic control signal was not in proper position and legible enough to be seen by an ordinarily observant individual;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In order to demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner must submit proof that a police report about the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(iv) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court evidence to the satisfaction of the court of who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation, including, at a minimum, the operator’s name and current address.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The provisions of this paragraph apply only to a citation that involves a Class E (truck) vehicle with a registered gross weight of 26,001 pounds or more, Class F (tractor) vehicle, Class G (trailer) vehicle operated in combination with a Class F (tractor) vehicle, and Class P (passenger bus) vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(iv) of this subsection, the person named in a citation described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Provides the name, address, and driver’s license identification number of the person who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (4)(ii)2 of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of the court shall provide to the agency issuing the citation a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Upon the receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, an agency may issue a citation as provided in subsection (e) of this section to the person that the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>If the civil penalty is not paid and the violation is not contested, the Administration may refuse to register or reregister the motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16-402 of this article and may not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26-305 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with local governments, the chief judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, the trial of civil violations, and the collection of civil penalties under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-203" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <text>Where special pedestrian control signals showing the words “walk”, “dont walk”, or “wait” or the symbols of “walking person” or “upraised hand” are in place, the signals have the indications provided in this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A pedestrian facing a “walk” or “walking person” signal may cross the roadway in the direction of the signal and shall be given the right-of-way by the driver of any vehicle. At an intersection where an exclusive all-pedestrian interval is provided, a pedestrian may cross the roadway in any direction within the intersection.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A pedestrian may not start to cross the roadway in the direction of a “dont walk” or “upraised hand” signal.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A pedestrian may not start to cross the roadway in the direction of a “wait signal”.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>If a pedestrian has partly completed crossing on a “walk” or “walking person” signal, the pedestrian shall proceed without delay to a sidewalk or safety island while the “dont walk”, “wait”, or “upraised hand” signal is showing.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-204" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <text>If a flashing red or yellow light is used in a traffic signal or with a traffic sign, it requires obedience by vehicular traffic as provided in this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a red lens is lit with rapid intermittent flashes, the driver of a vehicle shall stop at the near side of the intersection at a clearly marked stop line.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If a red lens is lit with rapid intermittent flashes, the driver of a vehicle shall stop at the near side of the intersection, if there is no clearly marked stop line, before entering any crosswalk.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If a red lens is lit with rapid intermittent flashes, the driver of a vehicle shall stop at the near side of the intersection, if there is no crosswalk, before entering the intersection.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The right to proceed after making the stop is subject to the rules applicable after making a stop at a stop sign.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>If a yellow lens is lit with rapid intermittent flashes, the driver of a vehicle may proceed through the intersection or past the signal only with caution.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>This section does not apply at any railroad grade crossing.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-204.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <text>Where lane direction control signals are placed over the individual lanes of a highway, vehicular traffic may travel in any lane over which a green signal is shown, but may not enter or travel in any lane over which a red signal is shown.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-205" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not place, maintain, or display on or in view of any highway any unauthorized sign, signal, marking, or device that purports to be, is an imitation of, or resembles a traffic control device or a railroad sign or signal.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not place, maintain, or display on or in view of any highway any unauthorized sign, signal, marking, or device that attempts to direct the movement of traffic.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not place, maintain, or display on or in view of any highway any unauthorized sign, signal, marking, or device that hides or interferes with the effectiveness of a traffic control device or a railroad sign or signal.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not place, maintain, or display on or in view of any highway any unauthorized sign, signal, marking, or device that, except as otherwise permitted by law, contains:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Any of the following words: “stop”, “curve”, “warning”, “slow”, “danger”, “listen”, “look”, or “school”; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any other word used in directing the movement of traffic.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not place or maintain on any highway nor may any public authority permit on any highway any traffic sign or signal that has any commercial advertising on it.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section does not prohibit the placement on private property adjacent to a highway of a sign giving useful directional information, if the sign is of a type that cannot be mistaken for an official sign and is placed with the approval of the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>Each sign, signal, marking, or device prohibited by this section is a public nuisance, and the authority that has jurisdiction over the highway may remove it without notice.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-206" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully alter, or interfere with the operation of, any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal, including any inscription, shield, or insignia on it.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully deface any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal, including any inscription, shield, or insignia on it.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully injure any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal, including any inscription, shield, or insignia on it.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully knock down any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal, including any inscription, shield, or insignia on it.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully change the direction of any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal, including any inscription, shield, or insignia on it.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully twist any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal, including any inscription, shield, or insignia on it.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully remove any part of any traffic control device or any railroad sign or signal, including any inscription, shield, or insignia on it.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not possess, with an intent to use, any device capable of transmitting an infrared, electronic, or other signal to a traffic control device or a railroad sign or signal for the purpose of altering or otherwise interfering with the operation of the traffic control device or a railroad sign or signal.�</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-206.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Component for electrical current transmission and storage” includes any of the following if it is placed by the authority of a public body or official:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A battery;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>An item used for surge protection;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A fuse;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>A conduit;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>A circuit breaker;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A transformer;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>A hand hole;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A manhole; and</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>Conductor wire.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Intelligent transportation system” includes any of the following if it is placed by the authority of a public body or official:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A wired or wireless communications device connected to a traffic control device or a lighting device;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Any fiber–optic communications cabling connected to any government–owned or –placed transportation–related equipment or device through wireless radio, Bluetooth, Wi–Fi, or microwave systems; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>Radio consoles;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Modems;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Routers;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Switches;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Encoders;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Decoders;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>Power supplies;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>Traffic controllers;</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>Road sensors;</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>Variable message signs;</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>Cameras;</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>Roadside units;</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>Highway advisory radio weather sensors;</text> </level> <level label="14"> <text>Radio towers and shelters;</text> </level> <level label="15"> <text>Speed detectors;</text> </level> <level label="16"> <text>Remote traffic microwave sensors;</text> </level> <level label="17"> <text>Portable generators;</text> </level> <level label="18"> <text>Fog warning systems;</text> </level> <level label="19"> <text>Bluetooth readers;</text> </level> <level label="20"> <text>Power controllers;</text> </level> <level label="21"> <text>Uninterruptible power supplies; and</text> </level> <level label="22"> <text>Batteries or battery backups.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person without lawful authority may not willfully alter, disconnect, tamper with, remove, or otherwise interfere with a transportation–related component for electrical current transmission and storage or an intelligent transportation system.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $1,500 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 18 months or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-207" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a funeral procession facing a red signal may continue through or make a turn at an intersection if the first vehicle in the procession already entered the intersection before the signal changed from green to red.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>While a funeral procession is proceeding through a red signal as permitted by this section, a vehicle that is not in the procession may not enter the intersection, even if it is facing a green signal, unless it can do so without crossing the path of the procession. When the red signal changes to green while the funeral procession is still within the intersection, a vehicle facing a green signal may proceed, but the funeral procession has the right-of-way.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The driver of a vehicle in a funeral procession does not have any privilege granted in this section unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The headlights of the vehicle are turned on; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subject to § 22-221(g) of this article, the warning lamps of the vehicle are flashing.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-208" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <level label="a"> <text>All overpasses less than 14.5 feet in height above the roadway surface shall have a sign denoting the height above the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The design and placement of the sign shall be consistent with the specifications established in the manual on uniform traffic control devices for streets and highways adopted by the State Highway Administration under § 25-104 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-209" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="2" subtitle_name="Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings"> <text>Vehicular traffic approaching a nonfunctioning traffic control signal at an intersection shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Stop:</text> <level label="i"> <text>At a clearly marked stop line;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If there is no clearly marked stop line, before entering any crosswalk; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If there is no clearly marked stop line or crosswalk, before entering the intersection;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Yield to any vehicle or pedestrian in the intersection; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Remain stopped until it is safe to enter and continue through the intersection.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-301" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>On every roadway that is wide enough, a vehicle shall be driven on the right half of the roadway, except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>While overtaking and passing another vehicle going in the same direction, under the rules governing this movement;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Where there is an obstruction that makes it necessary to drive to the left of the center of the highway, but the driver of any vehicle doing so shall yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle that is traveling in the proper direction on the unobstructed part of the highway and is so near as to be an immediate danger;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>On a roadway that is divided into three or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic, subject to the rules applicable to these roadways;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>On a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>On a roadway that is marked or signposted in a manner indicating that a contrary rule exists.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>On every roadway, except while overtaking and passing another vehicle going in the same direction or when preparing for a lawful left turn, any vehicle going 10 miles per hour or more below the applicable maximum speed limit or, if any existing conditions reasonably require a speed below that of the applicable maximum, at less than the normal speed of traffic under these conditions, shall be driven in the right–hand lane then available for traffic or as close as practicable to the right–hand curb or edge of the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>A driver of a vehicle traveling slower than the general speed of traffic, if practicable as determined by the driver, shall drive in the right–hand lane or lanes.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>This paragraph establishes the policy of the State and guidance with respect to the rules of the road.</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A person may not be issued a citation for a violation of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The Administration shall include the requirement under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph in the State’s driver education curriculum.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The State Highway Administration shall inform drivers of the requirement under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph:</text> <level label="1"> <text>At the request of a local jurisdiction or on its own initiative, by placing and maintaining, in its sole discretion, signs at regular intervals on appropriate State highways; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Through the dynamic message sign system located throughout the State, to the extent authorized by federal law and regulations.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>On any roadway that is divided into four or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic and that provides for two-way movement of traffic, a vehicle may not be driven on the left of the centerline of the roadway, except:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Where authorized by a traffic control device designating a lane to the left of the center of the roadway for use by traffic not otherwise permitted to use this lane; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>As permitted under subsection (a)(2) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection does not prohibit the crossing of the centerline of a roadway while making a left turn into or from an alley or a private road or driveway.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-302" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>Drivers of vehicles that are going in opposite directions shall pass each other to the right.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the roadway is not wide enough for more than one line of traffic in each direction, each driver shall give to the other as nearly as possible at least one half of the roadway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-303" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this subtitle, this section governs the overtaking and passing of vehicles going in the same direction.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle that is going in the same direction shall pass to the left of the overtaken vehicle at a safe distance.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle that is going in the same direction, until safely clear of the overtaken vehicle, may not drive any part of his vehicle directly in front of the overtaken vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle, on audible signal, shall give way to the right in favor of the overtaking vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Except when overtaking and passing on the right is permitted, the driver of an overtaken vehicle, until completely passed by the overtaking vehicle, may not increase the speed of his vehicle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-304" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to the requirements of subsection (b) of this section, the driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass to the right of another vehicle only:</text> <level label="1"> <text>If the overtaken vehicle is making or about to make a left turn;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On a highway with unobstructed pavement not occupied by parked vehicles and wide enough for two or more lines of vehicles moving lawfully in the same direction as the overtaking vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>On any one–way roadway, if the roadway is free from obstruction and wide enough for two or more lines of moving vehicles.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may overtake and pass another vehicle to the right only if it is safe to do so.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection and for an operator of a bicycle or motor scooter, a person may not make the movement described under subsections (a) and (b) of this section by driving off the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may make the movement described under subsections (a) and (b) of this section by driving outside the marked lane onto the shoulder to overtake and pass a vehicle that is making or about to make a left turn if the driver can do so without leaving the paved surface.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-305" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not drive to the left of the center of the roadway in overtaking and passing another vehicle going in the same direction unless:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Authorized by this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The left side of the roadway is clearly visible and is free of approaching traffic for a sufficient distance ahead to permit the overtaking and passing to be completed without interfering with the operation of any other vehicle approaching from the opposite direction or any other vehicle overtaken.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The overtaking vehicle shall return to an authorized lane of travel as soon as practicable and, if the passing movement uses a lane authorized for vehicles approaching from the opposite direction, before coming within 200 feet of any approaching vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply on a one-way roadway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not drive on the left side of any roadway if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The vehicle is approaching the crest of a grade or is on a curve in the highway where the driver’s view is obstructed for such a distance as to be dangerous should another vehicle approach from the opposite direction;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The vehicle is crossing or approaching within 100 feet of any intersection or railroad grade crossing; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The driver’s view is obstructed while approaching within 100 feet of any bridge, viaduct, or tunnel.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-307" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Highway Administration may determine those parts of any highway in its jurisdiction where overtaking and passing or driving on the left of the roadway would be especially dangerous and, by appropriate signs or markings on the roadway, may indicate the beginning and end of these zones.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, where the signs or markings are in place and clearly visible to an ordinarily observant individual, every driver of a vehicle shall obey their directions.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, where signs or markings defining a no–passing zone are placed as provided in subsection (a) of this section, a driver may not drive on the left side of the roadway within the no–passing zone.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, where signs or markings defining a no–passing zone are placed as provided in subsection (a) of this section, a driver may not drive on the left side of any pavement striping designed to mark the no–passing zone throughout its length.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may drive:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Across the left side of the roadway in a no–passing zone while making a left turn, but only if it is safe to do so; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In accordance with § 21–305 of this subtitle, on the left side of the roadway in a no–passing zone to make the minimum adjustment necessary to overtake and pass at a safe distance a bicycle traveling in the same direction while yielding to the right–of–way of the bicycle and oncoming traffic.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-308" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Highway Administration may designate any highway or any separate roadway under its jurisdiction for one-way traffic and shall place appropriate signs giving notice of the designation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On a roadway designated and signposted for one-way traffic, a vehicle may be driven only in the direction designated.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A vehicle passing around a rotary traffic island may be driven only to the right of the island.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-309" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>On any roadway that is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic, the following rules, in addition to any others consistent with them, apply.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A vehicle shall be driven as nearly as practicable entirely within a single lane and may not be moved from that lane or moved from a shoulder or bikeway into a lane until the driver has determined that it is safe to do so.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>On a roadway that is divided into three lanes and that provides for two-way movement of traffic, a vehicle may not be driven in the center lane except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>While overtaking and passing another vehicle going in the same direction and while the center lane is clear of traffic within a safe distance;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In preparing to make a left turn; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>When the center lane is allocated exclusively to traffic moving in the same direction that the vehicle is going and the allocation is designated by a traffic control device.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions of each traffic control device that directs specified traffic to use a designated lane or that designates those lanes to be used by traffic moving in a particular direction, regardless of the center of the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The driver of a vehicle shall obey the directions of each traffic control device that prohibits changing lanes on sections of a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>On a roadway that has two or more lanes for traffic moving in the same direction, the driver of any truck, truck tractor, trailer, or bus shall obey the directions of each traffic control device that requires the vehicle to be driven in a certain lane.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>On a roadway along which a two-way left turn lane has been provided through traffic control devices, vehicles may not enter that lane except when preparing for or making a left turn from or into the roadway or when preparing for or making a U-turn, and may enter only if the lane is clear of an opposing movement.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A vehicle shall be driven within a lane described under subsection (g) of this section the shortest distance practicable prior to making a left turn or U-turn or after making a left turn.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>On roadways along which a two-way left turn lane has been placed, left turns shall be made only from within such lane.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-310" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a motor vehicle may not follow another vehicle more closely than is reasonable and prudent, having due regard for the speed of the other vehicle and of the traffic on and the condition of the highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, whenever conditions permit, the driver of every truck, while traveling on a roadway outside of a business district or a residential district and following any other truck or any other motor vehicle towing another vehicle, shall leave enough space so that an overtaking vehicle may enter and occupy the space without danger.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, whenever conditions permit, the driver of every motor vehicle towing another vehicle, while traveling on a roadway outside of a business district or a residential district and following any other truck or any other motor vehicle towing another vehicle, shall leave enough space so that an overtaking vehicle may enter and occupy the space without danger.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A truck or a motor vehicle towing another vehicle may overtake and pass any other vehicle or combination of vehicles.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to a funeral procession.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A motor vehicle being driven on a roadway outside of a business district or a residential district in a caravan or motorcade, whether or not towing another vehicle, shall be driven to allow enough space between each two vehicles or combination of vehicles so that any other vehicle may enter and occupy the space without danger.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the driver of a nonlead truck in a group of trucks may travel without leaving enough space so that an overtaking vehicle may enter and occupy the space between the trucks if the trucks are:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Traveling in a unified manner with electronically coordinated speed and braking systems; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Operating in a reasonable and prudent manner with due regard for the speed of any other vehicles and of the traffic on and the condition of the highway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Administration shall adopt regulations to carry out this subsection, including regulations governing:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The number of trucks allowed in a group operating in a unified manner;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The roadway conditions under which trucks may be operated in a unified manner;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The required submission of a plan of operation by a person operating a truck in a unified manner; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The submission of any other information as required by the Administration for the purpose of evaluating safety issues relevant to the operation of trucks in a unified manner.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-311" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <text>On any divided highway:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A vehicle may be driven only on the right-hand roadway, unless directed or permitted to use another roadway by a traffic control device or a police officer;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A vehicle may not be driven over, across, or within the dividing space, barrier, or section except, unless specifically prohibited by public authority, through an opening in the space, barrier, or section or at a crossover or intersection; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A vehicle may not be driven on the median strip, unless permitted to do so by public authority.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-312" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not drive a vehicle onto any controlled access highway except at the entrances and exits established by public authority.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not drive a vehicle from any controlled access highway except at the entrances and exits established by public authority.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-313" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>The State Highway Administration, by order, or any local authority, by ordinance, may prohibit the use of any controlled access highway in its jurisdiction by parades, low speed vehicles, funeral processions, bicycles, or other nonmotorized traffic or by any person operating a motorcycle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The County Commissioners of Charles County and Washington County and the governing body of Frederick County, by ordinance, may prohibit the use of any controlled access highway in the county’s jurisdiction by any person to solicit money, donations of any kind, employment, business, or a ride from the occupant of any vehicle on the controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The State Highway Administration or the local authority adopting any prohibition under this section shall place and maintain signs on the controlled access highway to which the prohibition is applicable. If signs are so placed, a person may not disobey the restrictions stated on them.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-314" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="3" subtitle_name="Driving on Right Side of Roadway; Overtaking and Passing; Use of Roadway"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “HOV lane” means a high occupancy vehicle lane, the use of which is restricted by a traffic control device during specified times to vehicles carrying at least a specified number of occupants.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person may not drive a vehicle in an HOV lane unless authorized by a traffic control device.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The following vehicles may be driven in an HOV lane at all times regardless of the number of passengers in or on the vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A bus;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A motorcycle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A plug–in electric drive vehicle displaying a valid permit issued under § 25–108 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A tow truck that is properly registered in accordance with § 13–920 of this article and is using any visual signal that meets the requirements of § 22–218 of this article while responding to a call for service if an appropriate law enforcement agency has authorized the tow truck operator to use HOV lanes.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-401" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <text>Except at through highways, or as otherwise provided in this subtitle, a vehicle at an intersection:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Has the right-of-way over any other vehicle approaching from the left; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching from the right.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-401.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <text>At a “T” intersection with no traffic control device, any person driving a vehicle on a highway that intersects but does not cross the other highway shall yield the right–of–way to any vehicle traveling on the other highway.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-402" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <level label="a"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle intends to turn to the left in an intersection or into an alley or a private road or driveway, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle that is approaching from the opposite direction and is in the intersection or so near to it as to be an immediate danger.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle intends to turn to go in the opposite direction, the driver shall yield the right-of-way to any approaching vehicle that is so near as to be an immediate danger.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-403" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <level label="a"> <text>Preferential right-of-way at an intersection may be indicated by stop signs or yield signs placed in accordance with the Maryland Vehicle Law.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle approaches a through highway, the driver shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Stop at the entrance to the through highway; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching on the through highway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If a stop sign is placed at the entrance to an intersecting highway, even if the intersecting highway is not part of a through highway, the driver of a vehicle approaching the intersecting highway shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Stop in obedience to the stop sign; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching on the intersecting highway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If a “yield” sign facing the driver of a vehicle is placed on the approach to an intersection, the driver shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Approach the intersection with caution;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching on the other highway; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If necessary, stop in order to yield this right-of-way.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-404" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a highway from a private road or driveway or from any other place that is not a highway shall stop.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a highway from a private road or driveway or from any other place that is not a highway shall yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching on the highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In this section, “paved highway” means a highway that has a hard, smooth surface of gravel, shells, crushed stone, paving blocks, asphalt, concrete, or other similar substance.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a paved highway from an unpaved highway shall stop.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross a paved highway from an unpaved highway shall yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching on the paved highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-404.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a vehicle about to enter or cross any other part of a highway from a crossover, whether or not sign posted, shall yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching on that part of the highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The approach to and method of making a left turn at a crossover shall be made as required by § 21-601(b) and (c) of this title.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-405" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <level label="a"> <text>On the immediate approach of an emergency vehicle using audible and visual signals that meet the requirements of § 22–218 of this article or of a police vehicle lawfully using an audible signal, the driver of every other vehicle, unless otherwise directed by a police officer, shall yield the right–of–way.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>On the immediate approach of an emergency vehicle using audible and visual signals that meet the requirements of § 22–218 of this article or of a police vehicle lawfully using an audible signal, the driver of every other vehicle, unless otherwise directed by a police officer, shall drive immediately to a position parallel to and as close as possible to the edge or curb of the roadway, clear of any intersection.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>On the immediate approach of an emergency vehicle using audible and visual signals that meet the requirements of § 22–218 of this article or of a police vehicle lawfully using an audible signal, the driver of every other vehicle, unless otherwise directed by a police officer, shall stop and stay in this position until the emergency vehicle has passed.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A driver, when proceeding in the same direction as an emergency or police vehicle, may not pass an emergency vehicle using audible and visual signals that meet the requirements of § 22–218 of this article or a police vehicle lawfully using an audible signal unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The emergency vehicle has stopped; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Otherwise directed by a police officer.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies to a stopped, standing, or parked vehicle that is:</text> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>On a highway;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Using a visual signal that meets the requirements of § 22–218 or § 22–218.2 of this article; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="A"> <text>A commercial motor vehicle providing emergency maintenance to a disabled vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>An emergency vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>A service vehicle as defined under § 22–201 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>A tow truck that is properly registered in accordance with § 13–920 of this article; or</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>A waste or recycling collection vehicle; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>On a highway; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Displaying:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Hazard warning lights;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>Road flares; or</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>Other caution signals, including traffic cones, caution signs, or nonvehicular warning lights.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Unless otherwise directed by a police officer or a traffic control device, the driver of a motor vehicle that approaches from the rear a stopped, standing, or parked vehicle to which this subsection applies shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>If practicable and not otherwise prohibited and with due regard for safety and traffic conditions, make a lane change into an available lane not immediately adjacent to the stopped, standing, or parked vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the driver of the motor vehicle is unable to make a lane change in accordance with item (i) of this paragraph, slow to a reasonable and prudent speed that is safe for existing weather, road, and vehicular or pedestrian traffic conditions.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>This section does not relieve the driver of an emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-406" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="4" subtitle_name="Right-of-Way"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not commit a violation of this subtitle that contributes to an accident that results in the death or, as defined in § 20–102(c) of this article, serious bodily injury of another person.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>The Administration may suspend the license of a person convicted of a violation of this section for a period not exceeding 180 days.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>In accordance with Title 12, Subtitle 2 of this article, a licensee may request a hearing on a license suspension imposed under this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-501" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <text>At an intersection, a pedestrian is subject to all traffic control signals, as provided in §§ 21-202 and 21-203 of this title. However, at any other place, a pedestrian has the rights and is subject to the restrictions stated in this title.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-501.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>At an intersection, a person using an EPAMD or a personal delivery device, as defined in § 21–104.5 of this title, is subject to all traffic control signals, as provided in §§ 21–202 and 21–203 of this title. However, at any other place, a person using an EPAMD or a personal delivery device has the rights and is subject to the restrictions applicable to pedestrians under this title.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>At an intersection, a person using a wheelchair is subject to all traffic control signals, as provided in §§ 21–202 and 21–203 of this title. However, at any other place, a person using a wheelchair has the rights and is subject to the restrictions applicable to pedestrians under this title.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-502" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply where:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing is provided, as described in § 21–503(b) of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A traffic control signal is in operation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The driver of a vehicle shall come to a stop when a pedestrian crossing the roadway in a crosswalk is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On the half of the roadway on which the vehicle is traveling; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Approaching from an adjacent lane on the other half of the roadway.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A pedestrian may not suddenly leave a curb or other place of safety and walk or run into the path of a vehicle which is so close that it is impossible for the driver to yield.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If, at a marked crosswalk or at an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, a vehicle is stopped to let a pedestrian cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear may not overtake and pass the stopped vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not commit a violation of subsection (a) or (c) of this section that contributes to an accident.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (d) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-502.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “Fund” means the Pedestrian Safety Fund.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>There is a Pedestrian Safety Fund.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Secretary shall administer the Fund.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>The Fund is a special, nonlapsing fund which is not subject to § 7–302 of the State Finance and Procurement Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The State Treasurer shall hold the Fund separately, and the Comptroller shall account for the Fund.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The Fund consists of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The fines collected under § 21–502(e) of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Money appropriated in the State budget for the Fund;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any interest earnings of the Fund; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Any other money from any source accepted for the benefit of the Fund.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The Fund may be used only for enhancing the safety and quality of pedestrian and bicycle transportation, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Developing and providing educational programming for bicyclists, motorists, and pedestrians that raises awareness of their joint responsibility to follow the rules of the road;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Physical design changes that calm traffic, minimize conflicts among street users, and protect bicyclists, motorists, and pedestrians, including design changes such as:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Lane narrowing;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Establishment of bicycle ways;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Sidewalk construction;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Pedestrian control signal upgrades;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>Speed bumps;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>Curb extensions; and</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>Safety zones; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Increasing enforcement of existing rules of the road, such as by using radar speed display signs in areas where pedestrian crashes have occurred.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>The Treasurer shall invest the money of the Fund in the same manner as other State money may be invested.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any investment earnings of the Fund shall be credited to the Fund.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-503" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>If a pedestrian crosses a roadway at any point other than in a marked crosswalk or in an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection, the pedestrian shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching on the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a pedestrian crosses a roadway at a point where a pedestrian tunnel or overhead pedestrian crossing is provided, the pedestrian shall yield the right-of-way to any vehicle approaching on the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Between adjacent intersections at which a traffic control signal is in operation, a pedestrian may cross a roadway only in a marked crosswalk.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A pedestrian may not cross a roadway intersection diagonally unless authorized by a traffic control device for crossing movements. If authorized to cross diagonally, a pedestrian may cross only in accordance with the traffic control device.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-504" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the driver of a vehicle shall exercise due care to avoid colliding with any pedestrian.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the driver of a vehicle shall, if necessary, warn any pedestrian by sounding the horn of the vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the driver of a vehicle shall exercise proper precaution on observing any child or any obviously confused or incapacitated individual.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-505" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <text>If practicable, a pedestrian shall walk on the right half of a crosswalk.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-506" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Where a sidewalk is provided, a pedestrian may not walk along and on an adjacent roadway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Where a sidewalk is not provided, a pedestrian who walks along and on a highway may walk only on the left shoulder, if practicable, or on the left side of the roadway, as near as practicable to the edge of the roadway, facing any traffic that might approach from the opposite direction.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-507" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Except for the occupant of a disabled vehicle who seeks the aid of another vehicle, a person may not stand in a roadway to solicit a ride, employment, or business from the occupant of any vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not stand on or near a highway to solicit any other person to watch or guard any vehicle while it is parked or about to be parked on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In Calvert County, Carroll County, Charles County, Harford County, and Washington County, a person may not stand in a roadway, median divider, or intersection to solicit money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies to Prince George’s County.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not stand in a highway to solicit money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>An adult may not cause, encourage, allow, or petition a child under the age of 15 years to violate subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>In this paragraph, “highway” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Rights–of–way, roadway surfaces, roadway subgrades, shoulders, median dividers, drainage facilities and structures, related stormwater management facilities and structures, roadway cuts, roadway fills, guardrails, bridges, highway grade separation structures, railroad grade separations, tunnels, overpasses, underpasses, interchanges, entrance plazas, approaches, and other structures forming an integral part of a street, road, or highway, including bicycle and walking paths; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any other property acquired for the construction, operation, or use of the highway.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A child under the age of 15 years may not be found guilty or adjudicated delinquent for a violation of paragraph (2)(i) of this subsection if an adult caused, encouraged, allowed, or petitioned the child in violation of paragraph (2)(ii) of this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>This subsection shall be enforced:</text> <level label="i"> <text>By the issuance of a warning that informs the offender of the requirements of this subsection if it is the offender’s first violation; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Under § 27–101 of this article if it is the offender’s second or subsequent violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies to Anne Arundel County.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not stand in a highway to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Solicit money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Advertise any message.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Highway” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Rights–of–way, roadway surfaces, roadway subgrades, shoulders, median dividers, drainage facilities and structures, related stormwater management facilities and structures, roadway cuts, roadway fills, guardrails, bridges, highway grade separation structures, railroad grade separations, tunnels, overpasses, underpasses, interchanges, entrance plazas, approaches, and other structures forming an integral part of a street, road, or highway, including bicycle and walking paths; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any other property acquired for the construction, operation, or use of the highway.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies only to Allegany County and Cecil County.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In this subsection, “qualified organization” means a fire company or bona fide religious, fraternal, civic, war veterans’, or charitable organization.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (4) of this subsection, a person may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Stand in a roadway, median divider, or intersection to solicit money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Cause, encourage, allow, or petition another to stand in a roadway, median divider, or intersection to solicit money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The governing body of a county or the governing body of a municipal corporation in a county may, by appropriate resolution or ordinance, enact a permit program to allow individuals who are at least 18 years old and representatives of qualified organizations who are at least 18 years old to solicit money or donations from the occupant of a vehicle by standing in a roadway, median divider, or intersection in the county or municipal corporation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the governing body of a county or of a municipal corporation in the county enacts a resolution or ordinance establishing a permit program authorized by this paragraph, the resolution or ordinance shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Require an applicant for a permit to submit proof that the individual or qualified organization has a plan for safely soliciting money or donations from the proposed location;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Provide that a permit is effective for:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>A period of 1 calendar day in Cecil County; or</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A period not to exceed 5 calendar days in Allegany County; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Allow an individual or a qualified organization to obtain only one permit in the county or municipal corporation per calendar year.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies only in Montgomery County.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A child under the age of 18 years may not stand in a roadway, median divider, or intersection to solicit or collect money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>This paragraph shall be enforced by the issuance of a warning that informs the offender of the requirements of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>The Montgomery County Council may enact a local law to require a person to obtain a permit before the person may stand in a roadway or median divider or on a sidewalk adjacent to a roadway to solicit and collect money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a permit is required under a local law enacted under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, except in compliance with a permit obtained in accordance with the local law, a person may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Stand in a roadway, median divider, or intersection, or on a sidewalk adjacent to a roadway, to solicit or collect money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Cause, encourage, allow, or petition a person to stand in a roadway, median divider, or intersection, or on a sidewalk adjacent to a roadway, to solicit or collect money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A local law enacted under this section may not authorize a permit to be issued to a minor for the purpose of standing in a roadway or median divider to solicit or collect money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>A permit issued under a local law enacted under this section shall apply to the solicitation and collection of money or donations on roadways, median dividers, and sidewalks adjacent to roadways and may not limit the authorization to fewer than all three of those locations.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The County Council of Baltimore County or the governing body of a municipal corporation in Baltimore County, by appropriate resolution or ordinance, may enact a permit program to allow a person to stand in a roadway, median divider, or intersection to solicit money or donations from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At least 15 days before the date on which the permit applied for is to be effective, an applicant shall file with the county or municipal corporation an application that contains the following information:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name, address, and age of each person who will solicit;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The name and address of the employing or sponsoring person, agency, or entity;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The exact location where each solicitor will be assigned;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The purpose of the solicitation;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The time frame and duration of the solicitation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>The means of travel to and from the place of solicitation; and</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The name, address, and telephone number of a contact person who will be able to provide additional information to the county or municipal corporation or its designee.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The county or municipal corporation shall examine each application and make any further investigation as deemed necessary in order to determine the truth of the statements made on the application.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The county or municipal corporation shall deny the permit if it determines that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Any statement made on the application is untrue; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The location or method of the solicitation or its duration are such that it will be harmful to the health, safety, convenience, or welfare of the general public.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A permit issued under this subsection shall contain:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the person making the solicitation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The date and time at which the person may solicit; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A statement that the permit does not constitute an endorsement by the county or municipal corporation of the solicitation or the person conducting the solicitation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A permit shall be signed by the appropriate county or municipal officer.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>The term of a permit may not exceed 24 hours.</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>No more than 12 permits may be issued to the same person in a calendar year.</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>The county or municipal corporation shall send a copy of each permit issued by the county or municipal corporation to the police department of the county or municipal corporation.</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>A person to whom a permit is issued shall conspicuously display the permit while soliciting.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>In Howard County, a person may not stand in a State highway or the highway right–of–way to solicit money or donations of any kind from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection applies only in Frederick County.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, a person may not stand in a roadway, a median divider, or an intersection to solicit money or donations from the occupant of a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The county or a municipal corporation in the county may by ordinance enact a permit program to allow a person to stand in a roadway, a median divider, or an intersection to solicit money or donations from the occupant of a vehicle if the solicitation occurs completely in the county or municipal corporation.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If the county or a municipal corporation enacts an ordinance establishing a permit program, the ordinance shall require a person seeking a permit to file an application containing the following information:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The date, time, and location of the solicitation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The manner and conditions under which the solicitation is to occur; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The name, address, and telephone number of a contact person of the employing or sponsoring person, agency, or entity on whose behalf the solicitation is to be made, who will be able to provide additional information to the county, municipal corporation, or the designee of the county or municipal corporation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The county or municipal corporation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Within 5 days after the application is filed, shall approve or deny the application; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May impose conditions on the solicitation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <text>A pedestrian may not catch or attempt to catch fish by any means on or under the Maryland Route 18 Kent Island Drawbridge over the Kent Narrows in Queen Anne’s County.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-507.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies only in St. Mary’s County.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In this section, “inherently dangerous” means posing a serious risk of injury to a pedestrian, a driver or passenger in a vehicle, or other persons that cannot be mitigated with the exercise of ordinary care.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not stand in a roadway, a shoulder, a median divider, or an intersection determined by the county or a municipal corporation in the county to be inherently dangerous.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The county or a municipal corporation in the county shall make a determination on whether a State roadway, shoulder, median divider, or intersection is inherently dangerous in consultation with the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A police officer may not issue a citation for a violation of this section unless:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The inherently dangerous roadway, shoulder, median divider, or intersection has appropriate signs installed by the county or municipal corporation that notify the public that a person may not stand in violation of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The signs are installed in accordance with the manual and specifications for a uniform system of traffic control devices adopted by the State Highway Administration under § 25–104 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On a State highway, the county or a municipal corporation in the county may install the signs required under paragraph (1) of this subsection only with the approval of the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-507.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies only in Wicomico County.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In this section, “inherently dangerous” means posing a serious risk of injury to a pedestrian, a driver or passenger in a vehicle, or other persons that cannot be mitigated with the exercise of ordinary care.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not stand in a roadway, shoulder, median divider, or intersection determined by the county or a municipal corporation in the county to be inherently dangerous.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The county or a municipal corporation in the county shall make a determination on whether a State roadway, shoulder, median divider, or intersection is inherently dangerous in consultation with the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A police officer may not issue a citation for a violation of this section unless:</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>The inherently dangerous roadway, shoulder, median divider, or intersection has appropriate signs installed by the county or municipal corporation that notify the public that a person may not stand in violation of this section; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The signs are installed in accordance with the manual and specifications for a uniform system of traffic control devices adopted by the State Highway Administration under § 25–104 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On a State highway, the county or a municipal corporation in the county may install the signs required under paragraph (1) of this subsection only with the approval of the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-508" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <text>A vehicle may not be driven at any time through or in a safety zone.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-509" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a pedestrian may not walk along a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a pedestrian may not walk on a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a pedestrian may not walk along a ramp leading to or from a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a pedestrian may not walk on a ramp leading to or from a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a pedestrian may not walk along an access road leading to or from a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a pedestrian may not walk on an access road leading to or from a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a person may not leave any vehicle that is on a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a person may not leave any vehicle that is on a ramp leading to or from a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (j) of this section, a person may not leave any vehicle that is on an access road leading to or from a controlled access highway.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>This section does not apply to a person if an emergency prevents the movement of a vehicle in which he is riding and the person goes only to the nearest telephone or other source of assistance, nor to a person boarding or leaving a bus within a bus stop approved by the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-510" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A pedestrian who crosses a roadway shall yield the right-of-way to any approaching emergency vehicle that is using audible and visual signals that meet the requirements of § 22-218 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A pedestrian who crosses a roadway shall yield the right-of-way to any approaching police vehicle that is lawfully using an audible signal.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not relieve the driver of an emergency vehicle from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-511" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="5" subtitle_name="Pedestrians' Rights and Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a vehicle shall yield the right-of-way to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A blind or partially blind pedestrian using a guide dog or carrying a cane predominantly white or metallic in color (with or without a red tip);</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A deaf or hearing impaired pedestrian accompanied by a guide dog; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A mobility impaired individual crossing a roadway while using any of the following mobility-assisted devices:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A manual or motorized wheelchair;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A motorized scooter;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Crutches; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>A cane.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person who is not blind or partially blind may not use or carry a white cane, a cane that is white tipped with red, or a chrome, nickel, aluminum, or other reflecting or shining metal cane, in the manner described in subsection (a)(1) of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-601" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Turning and Starting; Signals on Stopping, Turning, and Starting"> <level label="a"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle intends to turn right at any intersection, he shall approach the intersection and make the right turn as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle intends to turn left at any intersection or crossover, he shall approach the intersection or crossover in the extreme left-hand lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the same direction.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle intends to turn left at any intersection or crossover, the driver shall, after entering the intersection or crossover, make the left turn so as to leave the intersection in a lane lawfully available to traffic moving in the same direction on the roadway being entered.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Highway Administration or any local authority may place a traffic control device at or near any intersection in its jurisdiction and, with it, direct that vehicles turning at the intersection travel a course different from one specified in this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At an intersection where a traffic control device is placed under this subsection, the driver of a vehicle may not turn otherwise than as directed by the device.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-602" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Turning and Starting; Signals on Stopping, Turning, and Starting"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a vehicle on any curve may not turn to go in the opposite direction if the vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle that is within 500 feet and approaching from either direction.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle on or approaching the crest of any grade may not turn to go in the opposite direction if the vehicle cannot be seen by the driver of any other vehicle that is within 500 feet and approaching from either direction.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-603" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Turning and Starting; Signals on Stopping, Turning, and Starting"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not start a vehicle that is stopped, standing, or parked until the movement can be made with reasonable safety.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not start a vehicle that is stopped, standing, or parked until, if any other vehicle might be affected by the movement, he gives an adequate signal to approaching traffic.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-604" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Turning and Starting; Signals on Stopping, Turning, and Starting"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not turn a vehicle at an intersection, unless the vehicle is in the position required by § 21-601 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not turn a vehicle to enter a private road or driveway or otherwise turn a vehicle from a direct course or move it right or left on a roadway or from a shoulder or bikeway onto a roadway, unless the movement can be made with reasonable safety.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not, if any other vehicle might be affected by the movement, turn a vehicle until he gives an appropriate signal in the manner required by this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>When required, a signal of intention to turn right or left shall be given continuously during at least the last 100 feet traveled by the vehicle before turning; except that a bicyclist may interrupt the turning signal to maintain control of the bicycle.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>If there is an opportunity to signal, a person may not stop or suddenly decrease the speed of a vehicle until he gives an appropriate signal in the manner required by this subtitle to the driver of any other vehicle immediately to the rear.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The signals provided for in § 21-605(b) and (c) of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>May be used to indicate an intention to turn, change lanes, or start from a stopped, standing, or parked position; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not be flashed as a courtesy or “do pass” signal to the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-605" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Turning and Starting; Signals on Stopping, Turning, and Starting"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, each required stop or turn signal shall be given:</text> <level label="1"> <text>By hand and arm in conformity with § 21-606 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>By signal lamps.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Each motor vehicle in use on a highway shall be equipped with and the required signal given by signal lamps, if the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the left outside limit of the body, cab, or load of the vehicle is more than 24 inches.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Each motor vehicle in use on a highway shall be equipped with and the required signal given by signal lamps if, for any vehicle or combination of vehicles, the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the rear limit of the body or load is more than 14 feet.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-606" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="6" subtitle_name="Turning and Starting; Signals on Stopping, Turning, and Starting"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided, each required signal given by hand and arm shall be given from the left side of the vehicle in the manner specified in this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A left turn signal is given by the hand and arm extended horizontally.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A right turn signal is given by the hand and arm extended upward; except that a bicyclist may extend the right hand and arm horizontally to the right.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A stop or decrease in speed signal is given by the hand and arm extended downward.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-701" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle approaches a railroad grade crossing under any of the circumstances stated in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the driver:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Shall stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail in the crossing; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May not proceed until he can do so safely.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The requirements of this subsection apply if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A clearly visible electric or mechanical signal device warns of the immediate approach or passage of a railroad train;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A crossing gate is lowered;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A flagman signals the approach or passage of a railroad train;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>A railroad train approaching within 1,500 feet of the crossing gives a signal audible to traffic approaching the crossing and the railroad train, because of its speed or nearness to the crossing, is an immediate danger; or</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>A railroad train is plainly visible and is in or is approaching dangerously near to the crossing.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not drive any vehicle through, around, or under any crossing gate or barrier at a railroad grade crossing while the gate or barrier is closed or is being opened or closed.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-702" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>The State Highway Administration and any local authority with the approval of the State Highway Administration may place a stop sign at any railroad grade crossing of a highway that the local authority or State Highway Administration designates as a particularly dangerous crossing.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the driver of a vehicle approaches the stop sign, the driver:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail in the crossing; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May proceed only on exercising due care.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-703" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (g) of this section, this section applies to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Every motor vehicle carrying a passenger for hire;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Every school vehicle carrying any passenger;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Every bus that is owned or operated by a church and carrying any passenger;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Every vehicle carrying as cargo a flammable liquid or an explosive; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Every vehicle carrying hazardous materials of a type and quantity requiring placarding under federal hazardous materials regulations.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If the driver of any vehicle described in subsection (a) of this section approaches a railroad grade crossing, the driver shall stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail in the crossing.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If the driver of any vehicle described in subsection (a) of this section approaches a railroad grade crossing, the driver, while stopped, shall listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching or passing railroad train and for any signals indicating the approach or passage of a railroad train.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If the driver of any vehicle described in subsection (a) of this section approaches a railroad grade crossing, the driver may not proceed until he can do so safely.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>If the driver of any vehicle described in subsection (a) of this section approaches a railroad grade crossing, the driver may proceed only in that gear of the vehicle in which it will be unnecessary to shift gears manually while passing through the crossing.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>If the driver of any vehicle described in subsection (a) of this section approaches a railroad grade crossing, the driver may not shift gears manually while passing over any track of the railroad.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>This section does not apply to the vehicles described in subsection (a)(1), (4), and (5) of this section, at any railroad grade crossing in a business district or residential district.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not apply to school buses and church buses, as described in subsection (a)(2) and (3) of this section, at locations within Baltimore City where complying with the provision of this section would conflict with the existing traffic signal indications.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>This section does not apply to the vehicles described in subsection (a) of this section, at any railroad grade crossing with an exempt highway–rail grade crossing plaque.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-703.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <text>Unless otherwise provided in this subtitle, upon approaching a railroad grade crossing, the operator of every commercial motor vehicle shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Slow down and check that the tracks are clear of an approaching train;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Stop before reaching the crossing, if the tracks are not clear;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Attempt to negotiate the crossing only if the crossing and the roadway beyond the crossing are sufficiently clear of other traffic so that the driver can drive completely through and clear of the crossing without stopping;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Obey a traffic control device or the directions of a police officer at the crossing; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Attempt to negotiate the crossing only if the vehicle has sufficient undercarriage clearance.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-704" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless a person has complied with this section, he may not drive or move on or across any railroad grade crossing any power shovel, derrick, roller, crawler–type tractor, or other equipment or structure that has:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A normal operating speed of 10 miles per hour or less; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A vertical body or load clearance, measured above the level surface of a roadway, of less than:</text> <level label="i"> <text>One–half inch for each foot of the distance between any two adjacent axles; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>9 inches.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Before any person drives or moves any equipment described in subsection (a) of this section on or across any railroad grade crossing, the person shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Notify an agent of the railroad of his intention; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Afford the railroad reasonable time to provide proper protection at the crossing.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>When the person approaches the crossing, he:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall stop within 50 feet but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail in the crossing;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>While stopped, shall listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching or passing railroad train and for any signals indicating the approach or passage of a railroad train; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May not proceed until he can do so safely.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>The person may not proceed if a warning is given by an automatic signal, crossing gate, flagman, or otherwise of the immediate approach or passage of a railroad train.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the railroad provides a flagman, the person may proceed over the crossing only at the direction of the flagman.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-704.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Agency” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For an automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system operated and maintained at a railroad grade crossing in Montgomery County or Prince George’s County that is under the control of the State, the law enforcement agency of the State primarily responsible for traffic control at that railroad grade crossing;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For an automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system operated and maintained at a railroad grade crossing under the control of Prince George’s County or a municipal corporation in Prince George’s County, a law enforcement agency of Prince George’s County or the municipal corporation that is authorized to issue citations for a violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of local traffic laws or regulations at that railroad grade crossing; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For an automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system operated and maintained at a railroad grade crossing under the control of Montgomery County or a municipal corporation in Montgomery County, a law enforcement agency of Montgomery County or the municipal corporation that is authorized to issue citations for a violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of local traffic laws or regulations at that railroad grade crossing.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system” means a system operated by an agency that records a driver’s response to a traffic control signal or traffic control device located at a railroad grade crossing.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or more.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include a motor vehicle rental or leasing company or a holder of a special registration plate issued under Part III of Title 13, Subtitle 9 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Violation” means any violation of §§ 21–701 through 21–704 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section applies only in Montgomery County and Prince George’s County.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A recording by an automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system under this section indicating that the driver of a motor vehicle has committed a violation shall include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>An image of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An image of the driver of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An image of the motor vehicle’s rear license plate;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The date of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>The location of the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The recording shall be made on:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Two or more photographs;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Two or more microphotographs;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Two or more electronic images;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other medium.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (h)(5) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if the motor vehicle is recorded by an automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system during the commission of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A civil penalty under this subsection may not exceed $100.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court shall prescribe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A uniform citation form consistent with subsection (f)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A civil penalty, which shall be indicated on the citation, to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection, an agency shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The location of the railroad grade crossing;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A copy of the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty must be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement by a technician employed by the agency that, based on inspection of recorded images, the motor vehicle was being operated during the commission of a violation;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that recorded images are evidence of a violation; and</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Warning that failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner is an admission of liability and may result in refusal or suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The agency may mail a warning notice in lieu of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (h)(5) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty, in accordance with instructions on the citation, directly to Montgomery County or Prince George’s County, or to the District Court; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>To mail the citation or warning notice, an agency shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that a violation occurred, sworn to or affirmed by a duly authorized agent of the agency, based on inspection of recorded images produced by an automated railroad grade crossing enforcement system shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in any proceeding concerning the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>That the driver of the vehicle passed through the railroad grade crossing in a manner that would constitute a violation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In order to yield the right–of–way to an emergency vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As part of a funeral procession in accordance with § 21–207 of this title;</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>That under § 21–201 of this title, this section is unenforceable against the owner because at the time and place of the alleged violation, the traffic control signal or traffic control device was not in proper position and was unable to be seen by an ordinarily observant individual;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In order to demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner must submit proof that a police report about the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(iv) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court evidence to the satisfaction of the court of who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation, including, at a minimum, the operator’s name and current address.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The provisions of this paragraph apply only to a citation that involves a Class E (truck) vehicle with a registered gross weight of 26,001 pounds or more, Class F (tractor) vehicle, Class G (trailer) vehicle operated in combination with a Class F (tractor) vehicle, and Class P (passenger bus) vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(iv) of this subsection, the person named in a citation described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Provides the name, address, and driver’s license identification number of the person who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (4)(ii)2 of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of the court shall provide to the agency issuing the citation a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On the receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, an agency may issue a citation as provided in subsection (f) of this section to the person that the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>If the civil penalty is not paid and the violation is not contested, the Administration may refuse to register or reregister or may suspend the registration of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16–402 of this article and may not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26–305 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with local law enforcement agencies in Montgomery County and Prince George’s County, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, the trial of violations, and the collection of civil penalties under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-705" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a vehicle emerging from an alley, driveway, or building shall stop immediately before driving onto a sidewalk or onto the sidewalk area that extends across the alley, driveway, or building exit.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle emerging from an alley, driveway, or building shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The driver of a vehicle emerging from an alley, driveway, or building shall on entering the roadway, yield the right-of-way to any other vehicle approaching on the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The driver of a vehicle entering an alley, driveway, or building shall yield the right-of-way to any pedestrian.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-706" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>If a school vehicle has stopped on a roadway and is operating the alternately flashing red lights specified in § 22–228 of this article, the driver of any other vehicle meeting or overtaking the school vehicle shall stop at least 20 feet from the rear of the school vehicle, if approaching the school vehicle from its rear, or at least 20 feet from the front of the school vehicle, if approaching the school vehicle from its front.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a school vehicle has stopped on a roadway and is operating the alternately flashing red lights specified in § 22–228 of this article, the driver of any other vehicle meeting or overtaking the school vehicle may not proceed until the school vehicle resumes motion or the alternately flashing red lights are deactivated.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not apply to the driver of a vehicle on a divided highway, if the school vehicle is on a different roadway.�</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-706.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Law enforcement agency” means a law enforcement agency of a local political subdivision that is authorized to issue a citation for a violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of local traffic laws or regulations.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or more.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motor vehicle leasing company; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Recorded image” means images recorded by a school bus monitoring camera:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Two or more photographs;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Two or more microphotographs;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Two or more electronic images;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing a motor vehicle and, on at least one image or portion of tape, clearly identifying the registration plate number of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“School bus monitoring camera” means a camera placed on a school bus that is designed to capture a recorded image of a driver of a motor vehicle committing a violation.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Violation” means a violation of § 21–706 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>If a school bus operator witnesses a violation, the operator may promptly report the violation to a law enforcement agency exercising jurisdiction where the violation occurred.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The report, to the extent possible, shall include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Information pertaining to the identity of the alleged violator;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The license number and color of the vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The time and location at which the violation occurred; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>An identification of the vehicle as an automobile, station wagon, truck, bus, motorcycle, or other type of vehicle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the identity of the operator of the vehicle at the time the violation occurred cannot be established, the law enforcement agency shall issue to the registered owner of the vehicle, a warning stating:</text> <level label="i"> <text>That a report of a violation was made to the law enforcement agency and that the report described the owner’s vehicle as the vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>That there is insufficient evidence for the issuance of a citation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>That the warning does not constitute a finding that the owner is guilty of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The requirements of § 21–706 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A school bus monitoring camera may not be used in a local jurisdiction under this section unless its use is authorized by the governing body of the local jurisdiction by local law enacted after reasonable notice and a public hearing.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If authorized by the governing body of the local jurisdiction, a law enforcement agency, in consultation with the county board of education, may place school bus monitoring cameras on school buses in the county.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A recorded image by a school bus monitoring camera under this section indicating that the driver of a motor vehicle has committed a violation shall include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>An image of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An image of at least one of the motor vehicle’s registration plates;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The time and date of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>To the extent possible, the location of the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (h)(5) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if the motor vehicle is recorded by a school bus monitoring camera during the commission of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A civil penalty under this subsection may not exceed $500.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court shall prescribe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A uniform citation form consistent with subsection (f)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A civil penalty, which shall be indicated on the citation, to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (5) of this subsection, a law enforcement agency shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>To the extent possible, the location of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A copy of the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty must be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement by a technician employed by the law enforcement agency that, based on inspection of recorded images, the motor vehicle was being operated during the commission of a violation;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that recorded images are evidence of a violation; and</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>That failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner is an admission of liability and may result in refusal or suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The law enforcement agency may mail a warning notice in place of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Before mailing a citation to a motor vehicle rental company liable under subsection (e) of this section, a law enforcement agency shall mail a notice to the motor vehicle rental company stating that a citation will be mailed to the motor vehicle rental company unless, within 45 days of receiving the notice, the motor vehicle rental company provides the law enforcement agency with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A statement made under oath that states the name and last known mailing address of the individual driving or renting the motor vehicle when the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>A statement made under oath that states that the motor vehicle rental company is unable to determine who was driving or renting the vehicle at the time the violation occurred because the motor vehicle was stolen at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A copy of the police report associated with the motor vehicle theft claimed under item A of this item; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Payment for the penalty associated with the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A law enforcement agency may not mail a citation to a motor vehicle rental company liable under subsection (e) of this section if the motor vehicle rental company complies with subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection and subsection (h)(5) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty, in accordance with instructions on the citation, directly to the county; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>To mail the citation or warning notice, a law enforcement agency shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that a violation occurred, sworn to or affirmed by a duly authorized agent of a law enforcement agency, based on inspection of recorded images produced by a school bus monitoring camera shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in any proceeding concerning the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In order to demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner must submit proof that a police report about the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court evidence to the satisfaction of the District Court of who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation, including, at a minimum, the operator’s name and current address.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The provisions of this paragraph apply only to a citation that involves a Class E (truck) vehicle with a registered gross weight of 26,001 pounds or more, Class F (tractor) vehicle, Class G (trailer) vehicle operated in combination with a Class F (tractor) vehicle, or Class P (passenger bus) vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in a citation described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Provides the name, address, and driver’s license identification number of the person who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (4)(ii)2 of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of the court shall provide to the law enforcement agency issuing the citation a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On the receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the law enforcement agency may issue a citation as provided in subsection (f) of this section to the person that the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>If the civil penalty is not paid and the violation is not contested, the Administration may refuse to register or reregister or may suspend the registration of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16–402 of this article and may not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26–305 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with law enforcement agencies, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, trials for violations, and the collection of civil penalties imposed under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-707" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless otherwise directed by a police officer or traffic control signal, the driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign at an intersection shall stop at the near side of the intersection at a clearly marked stop line.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Unless otherwise directed by a police officer or traffic control signal, the driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign at an intersection shall stop at the near side of the intersection and, if there is no clearly marked stop line, before entering any crosswalk.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Unless otherwise directed by a police officer or traffic control signal, the driver of a vehicle approaching a stop sign at an intersection shall stop at the near side of an intersection and, if there is no crosswalk, at the nearest point before entering the intersection that gives the driver a view of traffic approaching on the intersecting roadway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The driver of a vehicle approaching a yield sign at an intersection, if required for safety to stop, shall stop at the near side of the intersection at a clearly marked stop line.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The driver of a vehicle approaching a yield sign at an intersection, if required for safety to stop, shall stop at the near side of the intersection and, if there is no clearly marked stop line, before entering any crosswalk.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The driver of a vehicle approaching a yield sign at an intersection, if required for safety to stop, shall stop at the near side of the intersection and, if there is no crosswalk, at the nearest point before entering the intersection that gives the driver a view of traffic approaching on the intersecting roadway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-707.1" effective_note="EFFECTIVE UNTIL JUNE 30, 2029 PER CHAPTERS 678 OF 2024, 571 OF 2025, AND 557 AND 569 OF 2026" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies only in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Prince George’s County;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The 41st, 45th, and 46th Legislative Districts in Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The City of Gaithersburg;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The City of Rockville; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The City of Takoma Park.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Agency” means a law enforcement agency that is authorized to issue a citation for a violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of local traffic laws or regulations.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or more.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motor vehicle leasing company; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Recorded image” means images recorded by a stop sign monitoring system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Two or more photographs;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Two or more microphotographs;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Two or more electronic images;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing a motor vehicle and, on at least one image or portion of tape, clearly identifying the registration plate number of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Stop sign monitoring system” means a device designed to capture a recorded image of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>“Violation” means a failure to come to a complete stop at a stop sign in violation of § 21–707 of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Violation” does not include any action a driver is instructed to take by a police officer.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraphs (2) through (5) of this subsection, an agency may use stop sign monitoring systems:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On highways located in a school zone maintained by a local jurisdiction, if authorized by the governing body of the local jurisdiction; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On State highways located in a school zone, if authorized by the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A stop sign monitoring system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>May not be used in a local jurisdiction under this section unless its use is authorized by the governing body of the local jurisdiction by local law enacted after reasonable notice and a public hearing; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>In Prince George’s County, may only be used at a location approved by the Prince George’s County Council.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Prince George’s County shall prioritize the placement of stop sign monitoring systems within municipalities that have high violation rates.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Before beginning use of stop sign monitoring systems, an agency shall publish notice that the agency has adopted the use of stop sign monitoring systems on its website and, in Baltimore City and Prince George’s County only, in a newspaper of general circulation in the jurisdiction in which the stop sign monitoring system will be used.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>A local jurisdiction that implements a stop sign monitoring system shall prominently place signs on highways within the local jurisdiction providing notice that stop sign monitoring systems are used in the local jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The State Highway Administration shall place signs prominently providing notice that stop sign monitoring systems are in use on State highways.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A recorded image under this section indicating that the driver of a motor vehicle has committed a violation shall include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The time and date of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To the extent possible, the location of the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (f)(3) or (h)(4) or (5) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if the motor vehicle is recorded by a stop sign monitoring system during the commission of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A civil penalty under this subsection may not exceed $40.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court shall prescribe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A uniform citation form consistent with subsection (f)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A civil penalty, which shall be indicated on the citation, to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (5) of this subsection, an agency shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration plate number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>To the extent possible, the location of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A copy of the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty must be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement by a technician employed by the agency that, based on the inspection of the recorded image, the motor vehicle was being operated during the commission of a violation;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that the recorded image is evidence of a violation; and</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>That failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner is an admission of liability and may result in refusal or suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The agency may mail a warning notice in place of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Before mailing a citation to a motor vehicle rental company liable under subsection (e) of this section, an agency shall mail a notice to the motor vehicle rental company stating that a citation will be mailed to the motor vehicle rental company unless, within 45 days after receiving the notice, the motor vehicle rental company provides the agency with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A statement made under oath that states the name and last known mailing address of the individual driving or renting the motor vehicle when the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>A statement made under oath that states that the motor vehicle rental company is unable to determine who was driving the vehicle at the time the violation occurred because the motor vehicle was stolen at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A copy of the police report associated with the motor vehicle theft claimed under item A of this item; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Payment for the penalty associated with the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>An agency may not mail a citation to a motor vehicle rental company liable under subsection (e) of this section if the motor vehicle rental company complies with subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection and subsection (h)(4) and (5) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed not later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty in accordance with instructions on the citation; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that a violation occurred, sworn to or affirmed by a duly authorized law enforcement officer employed by or under contract with an agency, based on the inspection of a recorded image, shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in any proceeding concerning the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on preponderance of the evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court considers pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner must submit proof that a police report about the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court evidence to the satisfaction of the District Court of who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation, including, at a minimum, the operator’s name and current address.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The provisions of this paragraph apply only to a citation that involves a Class E (truck) vehicle with a registered gross weight of 26,001 pounds or more, Class F (tractor) vehicle, Class G (trailer) vehicle operated in combination with a Class F (tractor) vehicle, or Class P (passenger bus) vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in a citation described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Provides the name, address, and driver’s license identification number of the person who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (4)(ii)2 of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of court shall provide to the agency issuing the citation a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the agency may issue a citation as provided in subsection (f) of this section to the person who the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed not later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>If the civil penalty is not paid and the violation is not contested, the Administration may refuse to register or reregister or may suspend the registration of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16–402 of this article and may not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with law enforcement agencies, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, trials for violations, and the collection of civil penalties imposed under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <level label="1"> <text>An agency or an agent or a contractor designated by the agency shall administer and process civil citations issued under this section in coordination with the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a contractor in any manner operates a stop sign monitoring system or administers or processes citations generated by a stop sign monitoring system on behalf of a local jurisdiction, the contractor’s fee may not be contingent on a per–ticket basis on the number of citations issued or paid.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-708" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="7" subtitle_name="Special Stops Required"> <level label="a"> <text>At the request of any farmer whose land is divided by a highway and who regularly drives livestock across the highway, the State Highway Administration may place a sign at approximately 500 feet from each side of the crossing, giving notice of the presence of the crossing.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If livestock are being driven across the highway at the crossing, the driver of a vehicle between the two signs shall stop until the livestock have left the highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-801" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed that, with regard to the actual and potential dangers existing, is more than that which is reasonable and prudent under the conditions.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>At all times, the driver of a vehicle on a highway shall control the speed of the vehicle as necessary to avoid colliding with any person or any vehicle or other conveyance that, in compliance with legal requirements and the duty of all persons to use due care, is on or entering the highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Consistent with the requirements of this section, the driver of a vehicle shall drive at an appropriate, reduced speed when approaching and crossing an intersection at which cross traffic is not required to stop by a traffic control device.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Consistent with the requirements of this section, the driver of a vehicle shall drive at an appropriate, reduced speed when approaching and crossing a railroad grade crossing.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Consistent with the requirements of this section, the driver of a vehicle shall drive at an appropriate, reduced speed when approaching and going around a curve.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Consistent with the requirements of this section, the driver of a vehicle shall drive at an appropriate, reduced speed when approaching the crest of a grade.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>Consistent with the requirements of this section, the driver of a vehicle shall drive at an appropriate, reduced speed when traveling on any narrow or winding roadway.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>Consistent with the requirements of this section, the driver of a vehicle shall drive at an appropriate, reduced speed when any special danger exists as to pedestrians or other traffic or because of weather or highway conditions.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-801.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless there is a special danger that requires a lower speed to comply with § 21-801 of this subtitle, the limits specified in this section or otherwise established under this subtitle are maximum lawful speeds. A person may not drive a vehicle on a highway at a speed that exceeds these limits.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, the maximum speed limits are:</text> <level label="1"> <text>15 miles per hour in alleys in Baltimore County;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>30 miles per hour on:</text> <level label="i"> <text>All highways in a business district; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Undivided highways in a residential district;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>35 miles per hour on divided highways in a residential district;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>50 miles per hour on undivided highways in other locations; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>55 miles per hour on divided highways in other locations.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, a posted maximum speed limit lawfully in effect on December 31, 1974, is a maximum lawful speed even if it differs from a limit specified in subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, a maximum speed limit specified in subsection (b) of this section or in effect under subsection (c) of this section may be altered as provided in this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this subtitle, a maximum speed limit of more than 55 miles per hour may not be established or continued on any highway in this State that is not an interstate highway or an expressway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection, a maximum speed limit of more than 70 miles per hour may not be established on any highway in the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless otherwise posted on a public road in a residential subdivision, in residential subdivisions in St. Mary’s County, a posted speed limit on a main access road applies to all public roads in the residential subdivision, even if the posted speed limit on the main access road is less than 30 miles per hour.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The provisions of paragraph (1) of this subsection do not apply when a through road traverses a residential subdivision. The maximum speed limit applicable to the subdivision shall be posted on each road exiting off the through road and into the subdivision, along with the posting on the main access road.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A maximum speed limit established under this subsection in a residential subdivision shall be based on the subdivision’s road design, motor vehicle traffic, and pedestrian safety.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-802" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>If, on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation, the State Highway Administration determines that any maximum speed limit specified in this subtitle is greater or less than reasonable or safe under existing conditions on any part of a highway under its jurisdiction, it may establish a reasonable and safe maximum speed limit for that part of the highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An engineering and traffic investigation is not required to conform a posted maximum speed limit in effect on December 31, 1974, to a different limit specified in § 21-801.1(b) of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Under this section, the State Highway Administration may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Establish a maximum speed limit to apply at all times or only at specified times; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Establish differing limits for different times of day, different types of vehicles, different weather conditions, or other factors bearing on safe speeds.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>An altered maximum speed limit established under this section is effective when posted on appropriate signs giving notice of the limit.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-802.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “highway work zone” means a construction or maintenance area on or alongside a highway that is marked by appropriate warning signs or other traffic control devices designating that work is in progress.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Highway Administration may reduce established speed limits in a highway work zone upon a determination that the change is necessary to ensure the public safety.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A county may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Designate an area on a county highway or a highway on which the county is authorized to do work pursuant to a maintenance agreement as a highway work zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Reduce established speed limits in the highway work zone after a determination that the change is necessary to ensure the public safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A municipal corporation may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Designate an area on a municipal highway or a highway on which the municipal corporation is authorized to do work pursuant to a maintenance agreement as a highway work zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Reduce established speed limits in the highway work zone after a determination that the change is necessary to ensure the public safety.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A speed limit established under this section shall become effective when posted.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-803" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraphs (3) through (6) of this subsection, if, on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation, a local authority determines that any maximum speed limit specified in this subtitle is greater or less than reasonable or safe under existing conditions on any part of a highway in its jurisdiction, it may establish a reasonable and safe maximum speed limit for that part of the highway, which may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Decrease the limit at an intersection;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Increase the limit in an urban district to not more than 50 miles per hour;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Decrease the limit in an urban district; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Decrease the limit outside an urban district to not less than 25 miles per hour.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An engineering and traffic investigation is not required to conform a posted maximum speed limit in effect on December 31, 1974, to a different limit specified in § 21–801.1(b) of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Calvert County may decrease the maximum speed limit to not less than 15 miles per hour on Lore Road and, except for Solomons Island Road, each highway south of Lore Road without performing an engineering and traffic investigation, regardless of whether the highway is inside an urban district.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>This paragraph applies only to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Anne Arundel County and Montgomery County; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Municipalities located in Anne Arundel County and Montgomery County.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A local authority may decrease the maximum speed limit to not less than 15 miles per hour on a highway only after performing an engineering and traffic investigation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A local authority may not implement a new speed monitoring system to enforce speed limits on any portion of a highway for which the speed limit has been decreased under this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Baltimore City may, without performing an engineering and traffic investigation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Decrease the maximum speed limit on a highway under its jurisdiction; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Increase to a previously established level the maximum speed limit on a highway under its jurisdiction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A municipality located in Queen Anne’s County may decrease the maximum speed limit to not less than 15 miles per hour on a highway without performing an engineering and traffic investigation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In school zones designated and posted by the local authorities of any county:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The county may decrease the maximum speed limit to 15 miles per hour during school hours, provided the county pays the cost of placing and maintaining the necessary signs; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any municipality within each county may decrease the maximum speed limit in a school zone within the municipality to 15 miles per hour during school hours, provided the municipality pays the cost of placing and maintaining the necessary signs.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An altered maximum speed limit established under this section is effective when posted on appropriate signs giving notice of the limit.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Except in Baltimore City, any alteration by a local authority of a maximum speed limit on a part or extension of a State highway is not effective until it is approved by the State Highway Administration.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>If a local authority determines that any maximum speed limit specified in this subtitle is greater than reasonable or safe in an alley in its jurisdiction, the local authority may establish a reasonable and safe maximum speed limit for the alley.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The local authority shall post a speed limit established under this subsection on appropriate signs giving notice of the speed limit.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-803.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to subsection (f) of this section, within a half–mile radius of any school, the State Highway Administration or a local authority:</text> <level label="i"> <text>May establish a school zone and maximum speed limits applicable in the school zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to subsection (d) of this section, may provide that fines are to be doubled for speeding violations within the school zone.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>The State Highway Administration may establish a school zone under paragraph (1) of this subsection on any State highway or, at the request of a local authority, on any highway under the jurisdiction of the local authority.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A local authority may establish a school zone under paragraph (1) of this subsection on any highway under its jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>In Prince George’s County, a municipal corporation may establish a school zone under paragraph (1) of this subsection on any highway that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not under State jurisdiction; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is located within the corporate limits of the municipal corporation.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>On each highway where a school zone is established under this section, in accordance with specifications of the State Highway Administration, the State Highway Administration or local authority:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Shall place signs designating the school zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May place other traffic control devices, including timed flashing warning lights.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The signs designating a school zone shall indicate the maximum speed limit applicable in the school zone.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The local authority shall pay the State Highway Administration the cost of placing and maintaining signs and other traffic control devices on highways under the jurisdiction of the local authority when the State Highway Administration establishes the school zone at the local authority’s request.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>In Prince George’s County, a municipal corporation shall be responsible for the cost of placing and maintaining signs and other traffic control devices for a school zone that the municipal corporation establishes on a highway within its corporate limits.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A maximum speed limit in a school zone established under this section is in effect when posted on appropriate signs giving notice of the limit.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The fines for speeding in a school zone are double the amount that would otherwise apply if, in accordance with specifications adopted by the State Highway Administration:</text> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A sign designating a school zone under this section is equipped with timed flashing warning lights and indicates that fines for speeding are doubled when the lights are activated; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The lights are activated at the time the violation occurs; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A sign designating a school zone under this section indicates that fines for speeding are doubled during school hours.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle at a speed exceeding the posted speed limit within a school zone established in accordance with subsection (d) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>In any school zone where a school crossing guard is posted to assist students in crossing a highway, the maximum speed limit may not exceed 35 miles per hour in the school zone during the hours posted on signs designating the school zone.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (e) of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-803.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <text>Each county board of education, the Board of School Commissioners of Baltimore City, the board of trustees for each community college, the board of regents for Morgan State University, the board of trustees for St. Mary’s College, and the board of regents of the University System of Maryland may establish appropriate speed limits for safe travel on property under their jurisdiction. Such speed limits shall be posted on appropriate signs on the property, and a person may not drive a vehicle on such property at a speed that exceeds these limits.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-804" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless reduced speed is necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle or otherwise is in compliance with law, a person may not willfully drive a motor vehicle at such a slow speed as to impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If, on the basis of an engineering and traffic investigation, the State Highway Administration or a local authority determines that slow speeds on any part of a highway in its jurisdiction impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic, the State Highway Administration or the local authority may establish a minimum speed limit for that part of the highway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Unless reduced speed is necessary for the safe operation of the vehicle or otherwise is in compliance with law, a person may not drive a vehicle below a minimum speed limit established under this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A minimum speed limit established under this subsection is effective when posted on appropriate signs giving notice of the limit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not drive a Class A (passenger) or Class M (multipurpose) vehicle on a highway if the maximum speed capability of the vehicle does not exceed the posted maximum speed limit for the highway by at least 5 miles per hour.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-805" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Vehicles used by any utility in the construction, maintenance, or repair of its facilities;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Vehicles used by any highway authority or bridge or highway district in construction, maintenance, repair, inspection, or survey work; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Low speed vehicles.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not drive on a highway any vehicle or combination of vehicles that is designed to be and is driven at a speed of 25 miles per hour or less, unless the rearmost vehicle displays a slow moving vehicle emblem in accordance with this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Any other vehicle or combination of vehicles, when driven at a speed of 25 miles per hour or less, may display a slow moving vehicle emblem in accordance with this section.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The slow moving vehicle emblem specified in this section shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Be a truncated equilateral triangle at least 14 inches high with a red reflective border at least 1.75 inches wide and with a fluorescent orange center;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Comply with current standards and specifications of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Be mounted on the rear of the vehicle, base down, at a height of not less than 3 nor more than 5 feet from ground to base.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>New farm equipment designed or intended by the manufacturer to be driven or moved at a speed of 25 miles per hour or less may not be sold in this State unless it is equipped by the manufacturer with a slow moving vehicle emblem in accordance with this section.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The slow moving vehicle emblem shall be displayed and maintained on the farm equipment as long as it can be driven or moved on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The slow moving vehicle emblem described in this section may be displayed only as permitted or required by this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-805.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not drive a vehicle that is designed with a maximum speed of more than 25 miles per hour and less than 55 miles per hour on a highway unless the vehicle properly displays a limited speed vehicle emblem in accordance with this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A limited speed vehicle emblem required under this section shall be:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A truncated equilateral triangle that is at least 14 inches high with a red reflective border that is at least 1.75 inches wide and with a fluorescent green center; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Permanently affixed to the rear of the vehicle, with the base down and at a height of between 3 feet and 5 feet above the ground.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-806" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>On request of any local authority, the State Highway Administration shall investigate and, on its own initiative, it may investigate any bridge or other elevated structure that is a part of a highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If it determines that the structure cannot safely withstand the weight of vehicles traveling at the maximum speed limit otherwise permitted by this subtitle, the State Highway Administration shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Establish the maximum speed limit that the structure can safely withstand; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At each approach to the structure, place or permit the placement of a suitable sign stating the maximum speed limit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A maximum speed limit established under this section is effective when posted on appropriate signs giving notice of the limit.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-807" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <text>In each charge of a violation of any speed regulation under the Maryland Vehicle Law, the charging document shall specify:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The speed at which the defendant is alleged to have driven;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the charge is for exceeding a maximum lawful speed, the maximum speed limit applicable at the location; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the charge is for driving below a minimum lawful speed, the minimum speed limit applicable at the location.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-808" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <text>Upon receipt of notification from the District Court under § 1–605(d)(4) of the Courts Article that a citation was issued to a minor charging the minor with a moving violation as defined in § 11–136.1 of this article, the Administration promptly shall notify the cosigner of the minor’s driver’s license application that the citation was issued to the minor.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The notification required under subsection (a) of this section shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Be mailed by the Administration to the most recent address provided by the cosigner in accordance with § 16–107(b) of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Contain the following information:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name, address, and date of birth of the minor charged with the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Identification of the moving violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If the citation was issued for a speeding violation, the speed at which the minor is alleged to have driven and the maximum lawful speed at the location of the alleged violation;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The amount of the fine specified in the citation; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The number of points that may be assessed against the minor.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Evidence of the receipt or lack of receipt of the notice required by this section is not admissible in any civil or criminal action against a cosigner.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-809" future_version_removed="true" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Agency” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A law enforcement agency of a local political subdivision that is authorized to issue a citation for a violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of local traffic laws or regulations;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a municipal corporation that does not maintain a police force, an agency established or designated by the municipal corporation to implement this subtitle using speed monitoring systems in accordance with this section;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For speed monitoring systems placed and used on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or Interstate 695 in Baltimore County, the State Highway Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>For speed monitoring systems placed and used on Maryland Route 200 (Intercounty Connector), the Maryland Transportation Authority.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Erroneous violation” means a potential violation submitted by a speed monitoring system contractor for review by an agency that is apparently inaccurate based on a technical variable that is under the control of the contractor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Erroneous violation” includes a potential violation based on:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A recorded image of a registration plate that does not match the registration plate issued for the motor vehicle in the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A recorded image that shows a stopped vehicle or no progression;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An incorrectly measured speed for a motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A measured speed of a motor vehicle that is below the threshold speed that would subject the owner to a civil citation under this section;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A recorded image that was taken outside of the hours and days that speed monitoring systems are authorized for use in school zones; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A recorded image that was taken by a speed monitoring system with an expired calibration certificate.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or more.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motor vehicle rental or leasing company; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Program administrator” means an employee or a representative of the local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority designated by the local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Authority to oversee a contract with a speed monitoring system contractor.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Reasonable training” means a level of education, instruction, and practical experience sufficient to ensure competency in the inspection and interpretation of the recorded images generated by the speed monitoring system.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>“Recorded image” means an image recorded by a speed monitoring system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A photograph;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A microphotograph;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An electronic image;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The rear of a motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At least two time–stamped images of the motor vehicle that include the same stationary object near the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>On at least one image or portion of tape, a clear and legible identification of the entire registration plate number of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="8"> <text>“School zone” means a designated roadway segment within up to a half–mile radius of a school for any of grades kindergarten through grade 12 where school–related activity occurs, including:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Travel by students to or from school on foot or by bicycle; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The dropping off or picking up of students by school buses or other vehicles.</text> </level> </level> <level label="9"> <text>“Speed monitoring system” means a device with one or more motor vehicle sensors producing recorded images of motor vehicles traveling at speeds at least 12 miles per hour above the posted speed limit.</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>“Speed monitoring system operator” means a representative of an agency or contractor that operates a speed monitoring system.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>A speed monitoring system may not be used by a local jurisdiction under this section unless its use is authorized by the governing body of the local jurisdiction by local law enacted after reasonable notice and a public hearing.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The State Highway Administration may use speed monitoring systems on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County and Interstate 695 in Baltimore County in accordance with this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The Maryland Transportation Authority may use speed monitoring systems on Maryland Route 200 (Intercounty Connector) in accordance with this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>Before a county may use a speed monitoring system on a State highway at a location within a municipal corporation, the county shall:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Obtain the approval of the State Highway Administration;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>Notify the municipal corporation of the State Highway Administration’s approval of the use of a speed monitoring system at that location; and</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>Grant the municipal corporation 60 days from the date of the county’s notice to the municipal corporation to enact an ordinance authorizing the municipal corporation instead of the county to use a speed monitoring system at that location.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>Within 120 days after receipt of an application submitted by a program administrator or the program administrator’s contractor for the use of a speed monitoring system under this subparagraph, the State Highway Administration shall approve or deny the application or return the application as incomplete.</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>If the Administration does not approve, deny, or return an application in accordance with subsubsubparagraph A of this subsubparagraph, the application shall be deemed approved.</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>A speed monitoring system contractor that submits an application under this subparagraph shall consult with the program administrator before and after the submission of the application.</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>A program administrator or the program administrator’s contractor may not submit more than 10 applications for the use of a speed monitoring system under this subparagraph during any 30–day period.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>This subparagraph applies only in Prince George’s County.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In the county, a municipal corporation may implement and use a speed monitoring system consistent with the requirements of this subsection on a county highway at a location within its corporate limits if the municipal corporation:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Submits to the county a plan describing the boundary of the applicable school zone and the proposed location of the speed monitoring system; and</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>Requests and receives permission from the county to use the speed monitoring system at the proposed location.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the county fails to respond to the request within 60 days, the municipal corporation may implement and use the speed monitoring system as described in the plan submission.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The county may not:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Unreasonably deny a request under this subparagraph; or</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>Place exactions, fees, or unreasonable restrictions on the implementation and use of a speed monitoring system under this subparagraph.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The county shall state in writing the reasons for any denial of a request under this subparagraph.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>A municipal corporation may contest in the circuit court a county denial of a request under this subparagraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>In Prince George’s County, if a municipal corporation has established a school zone that is within one–quarter mile of a school zone established in another municipal corporation, the municipal corporation may not implement or use a speed monitoring system in that school zone unless it has obtained the approval of the other municipal corporation.</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>An ordinance or resolution adopted by the governing body of a local jurisdiction under this paragraph shall provide that, if the local jurisdiction moves or places a mobile or stationary speed monitoring system to or at a location where a speed monitoring system had not previously been moved or placed, the local jurisdiction may not issue a citation for a violation recorded by that speed monitoring system:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Until signage is installed in accordance with subparagraph (viii) of this paragraph; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For at least the first 15 calendar days after the signage is installed.</text> </level> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>This section applies to a violation of this subtitle recorded by a speed monitoring system that meets the requirements of this subsection and has been placed:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In Anne Arundel County, Montgomery County, or Prince George’s County, on a highway in a residential district, as defined in § 21–101 of this title, with a maximum posted speed limit of 35 miles per hour, which speed limit was established using generally accepted traffic engineering practices;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In a school zone with a posted speed limit of at least 20 miles per hour;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In Prince George’s County:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (vii)1 of this paragraph, on Maryland Route 210 (Indian Head Highway); or</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>On that part of a highway located within the grounds of an institution of higher education as defined in § 10–101(h) of the Education Article, or within one–half mile of the grounds of a building or property used by the institution of higher education where generally accepted traffic and engineering practices indicate that motor vehicle, pedestrian, or bicycle traffic is substantially generated or influenced by the institution of higher education;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (vii)2 of this paragraph, on Interstate 83 in Baltimore City;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (vii)3 of this paragraph, at the intersection of Maryland Route 333 (Oxford Road) and Bonfield Avenue in Talbot County;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (vii)4 of this paragraph, by the State Highway Administration on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or on Interstate 695 in Baltimore County;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>By the Maryland Transportation Authority on Maryland Route 200 (Intercounty Connector) in Montgomery County;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (xii) of this paragraph, in Montgomery County on a highway identified in the municipality’s, county’s, or State’s most recent Strategic Highway Safety Plan or Vision Zero Plan as a highway that is at high risk for motor vehicle crashes that result in serious bodily injury or death; or</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>In a safety corridor by a local jurisdiction on:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>A highway under its jurisdiction; or</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A State highway if authorized under a permit issued by the State Highway Administration under § 21–810.1 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="vii"> <level label="1"> <text>Not more than six mobile or stationary speed monitoring systems may be placed on Maryland Route 210 (Indian Head Highway).</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>Subject to subsubsubparagraph B of this subsubparagraph, not more than four speed monitoring systems may be placed on Interstate 83 in Baltimore City.</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>Not more than one speed monitoring system in each direction may be in operation at the same time on Interstate 83 in Baltimore City.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Not more than one speed monitoring system may be placed at the intersection of Maryland Route 333 (Oxford Road) and Bonfield Avenue in Talbot County.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The State Highway Administration:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>May place and use a speed monitoring system on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or Interstate 695 in Baltimore County under this section only at a location it identifies as being at high risk for motor vehicle crashes that result in death or serious bodily injury;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <level label="I"> <text>May not place or use more than three speed monitoring systems in each direction on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County; and</text> <text>II. May not place or use more than four speed monitoring systems in each direction on Interstate 695 in Baltimore County; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="C"> <text>May not place or use a speed monitoring system authorized under this section within 5 miles of another speed monitoring system authorized under this section operating in the same direction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>Before activating a speed monitoring system, the local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, as appropriate, shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Publish notice of the location of the speed monitoring system on its website and in a newspaper of general circulation in the jurisdiction;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Ensure that each sign that designates a school zone is proximate to a sign that:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Indicates that speed monitoring systems are in use in the school zone; and</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>Is in accordance with the manual for and the specifications for a uniform system of traffic control devices adopted by the State Highway Administration under § 25–104 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>With regard to a speed monitoring system established on Maryland Route 210 (Indian Head Highway) in Prince George’s County, based on proximity to an institution of higher education under subparagraph (vi)3 of this paragraph, on Interstate 83 in Baltimore City, at the intersection of Maryland Route 333 (Oxford Road) and Bonfield Avenue in Talbot County, on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or Interstate 695 in Baltimore County, or on Maryland Route 200 (Intercounty Connector) in Montgomery County, ensure that all speed limit signs approaching and within the segment of highway on which the speed monitoring system is located include signs that:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>Are in accordance with the manual and specifications for a uniform system of traffic control devices adopted by the State Highway Administration under § 25–104 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>Indicate that a speed monitoring system is in use; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>With regard to a speed monitoring system placed on Maryland Route 210 (Indian Head Highway) in Prince George’s County, Interstate 83 in Baltimore City, at the intersection of Maryland Route 333 (Oxford Road) and Bonfield Avenue in Talbot County, on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or Interstate 695 in Baltimore County, or on Maryland Route 200 (Intercounty Connector) in Montgomery County, ensure that each sign that indicates that a speed monitoring system is in use is proximate to a device that displays a real–time posting of the speed at which a driver is traveling.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A speed monitoring system in a school zone may operate only Monday through Friday between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.</text> </level> <level label="x"> <level label="1"> <text>A local jurisdiction that authorizes a program of speed monitoring systems, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, as appropriate, shall designate an official or employee to investigate and respond to questions or concerns about the local jurisdiction’s, the State Highway Administration’s, or the Authority’s speed monitoring system program.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>The designee shall review a citation generated by a speed monitoring system if the person who received the citation requests review before the deadline for contesting liability under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>If the designee determines that the citation is an erroneous violation, the designee shall void the citation.</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>If the designee determines that a person did not receive notice of a citation issued under this section due to an administrative error, the designee may resend the citation in accordance with subsection (d) of this section or void the citation.</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>A designee that takes any action described under subsubsubparagraph C of this subsubparagraph shall notify the Administration of the action for the purpose of rescinding any administrative penalties imposed under subsection (g) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>A designee may not determine that a citation is an erroneous violation based solely on the dismissal of the citation by a court.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A designee may not be employed by a speed monitoring system contractor or have been involved in any review of a speed monitoring system citation, other than review of a citation under this subparagraph.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>On receipt of a written question or concern from a person, the designee shall provide a written answer or response to the person within a reasonable time.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, as appropriate, shall make any written questions or concerns received under this subparagraph and any subsequent written answers or responses available for public inspection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>A local jurisdiction may not use a speed monitoring system to enforce speed limits on any portion of a highway for which the speed limit has been decreased without performing an engineering and traffic investigation.</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>Neither Montgomery County nor a municipal government in Montgomery County may place, have placed, or use a speed monitoring system to enforce speed limits in accordance with this section on a controlled access highway, an expressway, or an interstate highway in the county.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A speed monitoring system operator shall complete training by a manufacturer of speed monitoring systems in the procedures for setting up and operating the speed monitoring system.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The manufacturer shall issue a signed certificate to the speed monitoring system operator on completion of the training.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The certificate of training shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A speed monitoring system operator shall fill out and sign a daily set–up log for a speed monitoring system that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>States that the speed monitoring system operator successfully performed or reviewed and evaluated the manufacturer–specified daily self–test of the speed monitoring system prior to producing a recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Shall be kept on file; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>A speed monitoring system shall undergo an annual calibration check performed by an independent calibration laboratory that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Selected by the local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, as appropriate; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Unaffiliated with the manufacturer of the speed monitoring system.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The independent calibration laboratory shall issue a signed certificate of calibration after the annual calibration check that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall be kept on file; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>If a local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority authorizes a program of speed monitoring systems under this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority shall designate a program administrator who may not be an employee or representative of the speed monitoring system contractor; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The contract with the speed monitoring system contractor shall include the following provisions:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For potential violations submitted by a contractor for review by an agency, if more than 5% of the violations in a calendar year are erroneous violations, then the contractor shall be subject to liquidated damages for each erroneous violation equal to at least 50% of the fine amount for the erroneous violation, plus any reimbursements paid by the local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority may cancel a contract with a contractor if the contractor violates the contract by submitting erroneous violations to the agency that exceed a threshold specified in the contract or violates the law in implementing the contract.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>The Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission, in consultation with the State Highway Administration and other interested stakeholders, shall develop a training program concerning the oversight and administration of a speed monitoring program by a local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, including a curriculum of best practices in the State.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>A program administrator shall participate in the training program established under this paragraph before a local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority initially implements a new speed monitoring program and subsequently at least once every 2 years.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A program administrator for a program in existence on June 1, 2014, shall initially participate in the training program on or before December 31, 2014, and subsequently at least once every 2 years.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If a local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority designates a new program administrator, the new program administrator shall participate in the next available training program.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (f)(4) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if the motor vehicle is recorded by a speed monitoring system while being operated in violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, a civil penalty under this subsection may not exceed:</text> <level label="1"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 12 and 15, inclusive, miles per hour, $40;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 16 and 19, inclusive, miles per hour, $70;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 20 and 29, inclusive, miles per hour, $120;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 30 and 39, inclusive, miles per hour, $230; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by 40 miles per hour or more, $425.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A civil penalty under this subsection for a violation recorded on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or Interstate 695 in Baltimore County may not exceed $40.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>This subparagraph applies to a civil penalty assessed to the owner or driver of a motor vehicle that is recorded by a speed monitoring system while being operated on Maryland Route 210 (Piscataway Highway) in Prince George’s County in violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The maximum civil penalty under this subparagraph is as follows:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>For exceeding the maximum posted speed limit by between 12 and 15, inclusive, miles per hour, $40;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>For exceeding the maximum posted speed limit by between 16 and 19, inclusive, miles per hour, $70;</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>For exceeding the maximum posted speed limit by between 20 and 29, inclusive, miles per hour, $120;</text> </level> <level label="D"> <text>For exceeding the maximum posted speed limit by between 30 and 39, inclusive, miles per hour, $230; or</text> </level> <level label="E"> <text>For exceeding the maximum posted speed limit by 40 miles per hour or more, $425.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court shall prescribe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A uniform citation form consistent with subsection (d)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A civil penalty, which shall be indicated on the citation, to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection, an agency shall mail to an owner liable under subsection (c) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The location where the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A copy of the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty should be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement by a duly authorized law enforcement officer or a technician employed by or under contract with an agency that, based on inspection of recorded images, the motor vehicle was being operated in violation of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that recorded images are evidence of a violation of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section that failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is an admission of liability;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May result in the refusal by the Administration to register the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May result in the suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) of this paragraph, an agency may mail a warning notice instead of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>With regard to a speed monitoring system established on Interstate 83 in Baltimore City, an agency shall mail a warning notice instead of a citation for a violation recorded by the speed monitoring system during the first 90 days that the speed monitoring system is in operation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>With regard to a speed monitoring system established on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or Interstate 695 in Baltimore County, the State Highway Administration shall mail a warning notice instead of a citation for a violation recorded by the speed monitoring system during the first 30 days that the speed monitoring system is in operation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (f)(4) of this section, an agency may not mail a citation to a person who is not an owner.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Except as provided in subsections (b)(1)(x) and (f)(4) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation if the vehicle is registered in this State, and 30 days after the alleged violation if the vehicle is registered in another state.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty, in accordance with instructions on the citation, directly to the political subdivision, the District Court, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, as appropriate; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial in the District Court for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>To mail the citation or warning notice, an agency shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A certificate alleging that the violation of this subtitle occurred and the requirements under subsection (b) of this section have been satisfied, sworn to, or affirmed by a duly authorized law enforcement officer or a technician employed by or under contract with an agency, based on inspection of recorded images produced by a speed monitoring system, shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in a proceeding alleging a violation under this section without the presence or testimony of the speed monitoring system operator who performed the requirements under subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A duly authorized law enforcement officer or a technician employed by or under contract with an agency shall complete reasonable training specific to the speed monitoring system before certifying any certificates of violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person who received a citation under subsection (d) of this section desires the speed monitoring system operator to be present and testify at trial, the person shall notify the court and the State in writing no later than 20 days before trial.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or the registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner shall submit proof that a police report regarding the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Includes any other corroborating evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (3) of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of the court shall provide to the agency issuing the citation a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, an agency may issue a citation as provided in subsection (d) of this section to the person who the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>If a person liable under this section does not pay the civil penalty or contest the violation, the Administration may refuse to register or reregister the motor vehicle cited for the violation.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16–402 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26–305 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with the appropriate local government agencies, the State Highway Administration, and the Maryland Transportation Authority, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, the trial of civil violations, and the collection of civil penalties under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>An agency or an agent or contractor designated by the agency shall administer and process civil citations issued under this section in coordination with the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a contractor in any manner operates a speed monitoring system or administers or processes citations generated by a speed monitoring system on behalf of a local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, the contractor’s fee may not be contingent on a per–ticket basis on the number of citations issued or paid.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>On or before December 31 of each year, the Maryland Police Training and Standards Commission shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Compile and make publicly available a report for the previous fiscal year on each speed monitoring system program operated by a local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Submit the report to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The report shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The total number of citations issued;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The number of citations issued and the number voided as erroneous violations for each camera;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The gross revenue generated by the program;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The expenditures incurred by the program;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The net revenue generated by the program;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>The total amount of any payments made to a contractor under the program;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>A description of how the net revenue generated by the program was used;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>The number of employees of the local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority, as appropriate, involved in the program;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>The type of speed monitoring system used by the local jurisdiction, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>The locations at which each speed monitoring system was used in the local jurisdiction, on Interstate 83 in Baltimore County or Interstate 695 in Baltimore County, or on Maryland Route 200 (Intercounty Connector);</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>The activation start and stop dates of each speed monitoring system for each location at which it was used; and</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>The number of citations issued by each speed monitoring system at each location.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Each local jurisdiction with a speed monitoring system program, the State Highway Administration, or the Maryland Transportation Authority shall submit the information required under paragraph (2) of this subsection to the Commission by October 31 of each year and assist the Commission in the preparation of the annual report.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <text>On or before October 1, 2030, and on or before October 1 every 5 years thereafter, Montgomery County or a municipality in Montgomery County shall evaluate each speed monitoring system used in accordance with subsection (b)(1)(vi)7 of this section for its effectiveness in reducing the motor vehicle speed at or below which 85% of the drivers travel at the location of the speed monitoring system.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-810" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Local police department” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The police department of any municipal corporation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The police department of any county; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The sheriff’s department of any county that has highway traffic patrol responsibilities.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or longer.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motor vehicle rental or leasing company; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Recorded image” means an image recorded by a work zone speed control system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A photograph;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A microphotograph;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An electronic image;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The rear of a motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At least two time–stamped images of the motor vehicle that include the same stationary object near the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>On at least one image or portion of tape, a clear and legible identification of the entire registration plate number of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“State police department” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The Department of State Police; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The Maryland Transportation Authority Police.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Work zone” means a segment of a highway:</text> <level label="i"> <text>That is identified as a temporary traffic control zone by traffic control devices that are placed or installed in general conformance with the State manual and specifications adopted for a uniform system of traffic control devices;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Where highway construction, repair, maintenance, utility work, or a related activity, including the placement, installation, maintenance, or removal of a work zone traffic control device, is being performed regardless of whether workers are present; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>That is equipped with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Signage designating each entrance and exit to the work zone; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Flashing lights that operate whenever workers are present at the work zone.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>“Work zone speed control system” means a device that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Has one or more motor vehicle sensors connected to a camera system capable of producing recorded images of motor vehicles traveling at or above a predetermined speed in or approaching a work zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Is equipped with flashing blue lights.</text> </level> </level> <level label="8"> <text>“Work zone speed control system operator” means an individual who has been trained and certified to operate a work zone speed control system and who is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A police officer;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A representative of a local police department;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A representative of a State police department; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>A State Highway Administration contractor.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A work zone speed control system that meets the requirements of this subsection may be used to record the images of motor vehicles traveling on a highway:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Within a work zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On which the speed limit, as posted before the work zone was implemented and established using generally accepted traffic engineering practices, is 45 miles per hour or greater.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A work zone speed control system may be used only:</text> <level label="1"> <text>On a highway as specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If, in accordance with the Maryland manual on uniform traffic control devices, a conspicuous road sign is placed at a reasonable distance consistent with national guidelines before the work zone alerting drivers that a speed monitoring system may be in operation in the work zone.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A work zone speed control system operator does not need to be present in person or remotely at the highway work zone when a work zone speed control system is in use.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>Multiple work zone speed control systems may be implemented and used in a work zone.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a work zone has more than one work zone speed control system in use, not more than one citation may be issued for the same registration plate for alleged violations that occur within a 1–hour period in the work zone.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A work zone speed control system may be used only to record the images of vehicles that are traveling at speeds at least 12 miles per hour above the posted work zone speed limit.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>A work zone speed control system operator shall complete training by the manufacturer of the work zone speed control system in the procedures for setting up, testing, and operating the work zone speed control system.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On completion of the training, the manufacturer shall issue a signed certificate to the work zone speed control system operator.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The certificate of training shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A work zone speed control system operator shall fill out and sign a daily set–up log for a work zone speed control system that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>States the date and time when and the location where the system was set up;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>States that the work zone speed control system operator successfully performed, and the device passed, the manufacturer–specified self–tests of the work zone speed control system before producing a recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Shall be kept on file; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>A work zone speed control system shall undergo an annual calibration check performed by an independent calibration laboratory.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The independent calibration laboratory shall issue a signed certificate of calibration after the annual calibration check that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall be kept on file; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>The procurement of a work zone speed control system by a unit of State government shall be conducted in accordance with Title 13, Subtitle 1 of the State Finance and Procurement Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (f)(4) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if an image of the motor vehicle is recorded by a work zone speed control system in accordance with subsection (b) of this section while being operated in violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, a civil penalty under this subsection is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 12 and 15, inclusive, miles per hour, $60;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 16 and 19, inclusive, miles per hour, $80;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 20 and 29, inclusive, miles per hour, $140;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 30 and 39, inclusive, miles per hour, $270; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by 40 miles per hour or more, $500.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If a citation is for a violation recorded when workers were present in the work zone, the civil penalty shall be double the amount that would otherwise apply under paragraph (2) of this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Prescribe a uniform citation form consistent with subsection (d)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Indicate on the citation the amount of the civil penalty to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection, a local police department, State police department, or police department contractor shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (c) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The location where the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>At least one recorded image of the vehicle with a data bar imprinted on each image that includes the speed of the vehicle and the date and time the image was recorded;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty should be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement by a police officer employed by the local police department or State police department that, based on inspection of recorded images, the motor vehicle was being operated in violation of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that recorded images are evidence of a violation of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section that failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is an admission of liability;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May result in the refusal to register the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May result in the suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The local police department or State police department may mail a warning notice instead of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (f)(4) of this section, the local police department or State police department may not mail a citation to a person who is not an owner.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (f)(4) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation if the vehicle is registered in this State, and no later than 30 days after the alleged violation if the vehicle is registered in another state.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty in accordance with instructions on the citation; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial in the District Court for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>To mail the citation or warning notice, a local police department, State police department, or police department contractor shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that the violation of this subtitle occurred and the requirements under subsection (b) of this section have been satisfied, sworn to, or affirmed by a police officer employed by the local police department or State police department, based on inspection of recorded images produced by a work zone speed control system, shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in a proceeding alleging a violation under this section without the presence or testimony of the work zone speed control system operator who performed the requirements under subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person who received a citation under subsection (d) of this section desires a work zone speed control system operator to be present and testify at trial, the person shall notify the court and the police department that issued the citation in writing no later than 20 days before trial.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or the registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the vehicle owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner shall submit proof that a police report regarding the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Includes any other corroborating evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (3) of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of the court may provide to the police department that issued the citation a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the police department that issued the citation may issue a citation as provided in subsection (d) of this section to the person who the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed no later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>If a person liable under this section does not pay the civil penalty or contest the violation, the Administration may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Refuse to register or reregister the registration of the motor vehicle cited for the violation; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Suspend the registration of the motor vehicle cited for the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16–402 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26–305 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with local police departments and State police departments, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, the trial of civil violations, and the collection of civil penalties under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>The Department of State Police or a contractor designated by the Department of State Police shall administer and process civil citations issued under this section in coordination with the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a contractor provides, deploys, or operates a work zone speed control system for a police department, the contractor’s fee may not be contingent on the number of citations issued or paid.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>On or before December 1, 2024, and each December 1 thereafter, the State Highway Administration shall report to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On any pilot program that the State Highway Administration conducted in the previous fiscal year that tests new technologies for detecting and recording a violation of this subtitle in a work zone; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>That the State Highway Administration did not conduct any such pilot program in the previous fiscal year.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A report submitted under paragraph (1)(i) of this subsection shall include information on:</text> <level label="i"> <text>How data collected from the device tested may be used for the enforcement of violations of this subtitle in work zones; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Any legislative or regulatory changes that would be necessary to authorize the effective use of the device.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <text>On or before December 1, 2024, and each December 1 thereafter, the Department shall report to the Governor and, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the State Government Article, the General Assembly on how funds distributed to the Transportation Trust Fund under § 12–118(e) of this article have been spent.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <text>The Department of State Police and the State Highway Administration jointly shall adopt regulations establishing standards and procedures for work zone speed control systems authorized under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-810.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="8" subtitle_name="Speed Restrictions"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or longer.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motor vehicle rental or leasing company; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Recorded image” means an image recorded by a speed monitoring system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A photograph;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A microphotograph;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An electronic image;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The rear of a motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At least two time–stamped images of the motor vehicle that include the same stationary object near the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>On at least one image or portion of tape, a clear and legible identification of the entire registration plate number of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Safety corridor speed monitoring system” means a speed monitoring system as defined under § 21–809 of this subtitle that is placed and used in a safety corridor.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Safety corridor speed monitoring system operator” means a representative of the State Highway Administration or its contractor that operates a safety corridor speed monitoring system.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>“Vulnerable road user” means an individual on a highway who is not traveling in a motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Vulnerable road user” includes pedestrians, bicyclists, other cyclists, persons using a personal conveyance or a mobility device such as a wheelchair, and persons on foot in a highway work zone.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A safety corridor speed monitoring system that meets the requirements of this subsection may be authorized by the State Highway Administration and used by the State Highway Administration or its contractor to record the images of motor vehicles traveling on a State highway within a safety corridor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The State Highway Administration may issue a permit authorizing a local jurisdiction that operates its own program of speed monitoring systems or work zone speed control systems to place, in accordance with § 21–809 of this subtitle, safety corridor speed monitoring systems on State highways in safety corridors within its jurisdiction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A safety corridor speed monitoring system may be used only if, in accordance with the Maryland Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, a conspicuous road sign is placed at a reasonable distance consistent with national guidelines before the safety corridor alerting drivers that a speed monitoring system may be in operation in the safety corridor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A safety corridor speed monitoring system operator does not need to be present in person or remotely at the safety corridor when a safety corridor speed monitoring system is in use.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A safety corridor speed monitoring system may be a mobile unit or a stationary unit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A safety corridor speed monitoring system may be used only to record the images of vehicles that are traveling at speeds at least 12 miles per hour above the posted speed limit.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>A safety corridor speed monitoring system shall undergo an annual calibration check performed by an independent calibration laboratory.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The independent calibration laboratory shall issue a signed certificate of calibration after the annual calibration check that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall be kept on file; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>If the State Highway Administration or its contractor moves or places a safety corridor speed monitoring system to or at a safety corridor where a safety corridor speed monitoring system had not previously been moved or placed within the previous year, the State Highway Administration shall mail a warning notice instead of a citation for a violation recorded by the safety corridor speed monitoring system during the first 30 days that the safety corridor speed monitoring system is in operation.</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>The procurement of or relating to a safety corridor speed monitoring system by the State Highway Administration shall be conducted in accordance with Title 13, Subtitle 1 of the State Finance and Procurement Article.</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>The placement of a safety corridor speed monitoring system shall be determined by the State Highway Administration:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Based on an analysis using generally accepted traffic engineering practices to determine an appropriate location in a safety corridor, and after consultation with the appropriate local jurisdiction; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>In a manner that is not redundant with a speed monitoring system operated by a local jurisdiction under this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (f)(4) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if an image of the motor vehicle is recorded by a safety corridor speed monitoring system while being operated in violation of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A civil penalty under this subsection may not exceed:</text> <level label="i"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 12 and 15, inclusive, miles per hour, $40;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 16 and 19, inclusive, miles per hour, $70;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 20 and 29, inclusive, miles per hour, $120;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by between 30 and 39, inclusive, miles per hour, $230; and</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>If the citation alleges that the driver of the motor vehicle exceeded the speed limit by 40 miles per hour or more, $425.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For the purposes of this section, the District Court shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Prescribe a uniform citation form consistent with subsection (d)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Include a place on the citation to indicate the amount of the civil penalty to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraphs (2) through (4) of this subsection, the State Highway Administration or its contractor shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (c) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration plate number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The location where the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>At least one recorded image of the vehicle with a data bar imprinted on the image that includes the speed of the vehicle and the date and time the image was recorded;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty must be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement under oath by an authorized State Highway Administration representative or contractor that, based on inspection of recorded images, the motor vehicle was being operated in violation of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that recorded images are evidence of a violation of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section that failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is an admission of liability;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May result in the refusal to register the motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May result in the suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The State Highway Administration or its contractor may mail a warning notice instead of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (f)(4) of this section, the State Highway Administration or its contractor may not mail a citation to a person who is not an owner.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (f)(4) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed not later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation if the vehicle is registered in the State, and not later than 30 days after the alleged violation if the vehicle is registered in another state.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty in accordance with instructions on the citation; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial in the District Court for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>To mail the citation or warning notice, the State Highway Administration or its contractor shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that the violation of this subtitle occurred and the requirements under subsection (b) of this section have been satisfied, sworn to or affirmed by an authorized State Highway Administration representative or contractor, based on inspection of recorded images produced by a safety corridor speed monitoring system, shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in a proceeding alleging a violation under this section without the presence or testimony of the safety corridor speed monitoring system operator.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person who received a citation under subsection (d) of this section desires the safety corridor speed monitoring system operator to be present and testify at trial, the person shall notify the District Court and the representative of the State Highway Administration or its contractor that issued the citation in writing not later than 20 days before trial.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of a violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or the registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the vehicle owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems pertinent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner shall submit proof that a police report regarding the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Includes any other corroborating evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (3) of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of the court may provide to the State Highway Administration representative or the contractor that issued the citation a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, the State Highway Administration representative or the contractor that issued the citation may issue a citation as provided in subsection (d) of this section to the person who the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed not later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <text>If a person liable under this section does not pay the civil penalty or contest the violation, the Administration may refuse to register or reregister the motor vehicle cited for the violation.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16–402 of this article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26–305 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with the State Highway Administration, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, the trial of civil violations, and the collection of civil penalties under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="j"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Highway Administration or a contractor designated by the State Highway Administration shall administer and process civil citations issued under this section in coordination with the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a contractor provides, deploys, or operates a safety corridor speed monitoring system for the State Highway Administration, the contractor’s fee may not be contingent on the number of citations issued or paid.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <text>The State Highway Administration may adopt regulations establishing standards and procedures for safety corridor speed monitoring systems.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-901" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <text>The provisions of this subtitle apply throughout this State, whether on or off a highway.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-901.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>A person is guilty of reckless driving if the person drives a motor vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In wanton or willful disregard for the safety of persons or property;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In a manner that indicates a wanton or willful disregard for the safety of persons or property; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>At a speed at least 30 miles per hour above the posted speed limit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person is guilty of negligent driving if the person drives a motor vehicle in a careless or imprudent manner that endangers any property or the life or person of any individual.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (a) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 60 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (b) of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $750.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-901.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>A person is guilty of aggressive driving if the person commits three or more of the following offenses at the same time or during a single and continuous period of driving in violation of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>§ 21–201 of this title (Failure to obey traffic control device or leaving roadway to avoid traffic control device);</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>§ 21–202 of this title (Traffic lights with steady indication);</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>§ 21–303 of this title (Overtaking and passing vehicles);</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>§ 21–304 of this title (Passing on right);</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>§ 21–305 of this title (Driving left of center of roadway in overtaking and passing vehicle);</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>§ 21–307 of this title (Driving on left in no–passing zone);</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>§ 21–309 of this title (Driving on laned roadways);</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>§ 21–310 of this title (Following too closely);</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>§ 21–403 of this title (Failure to yield right–of–way);</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>§ 21–502(a)(2) of this title (Failure to stop for pedestrian in crosswalk);</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>§ 21–502(c) of this title (Overtaking and passing vehicle stopped for pedestrian in crosswalk);</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>§ 21–706 of this title (Overtaking and passing school vehicle stopped and operating alternately flashing red lights);</text> </level> <level label="13"> <text>§ 21–707 of this title (Stop signs and yield signs);</text> </level> <level label="14"> <text>§ 21–801.1 of this title (Exceeding maximum speed limit or posted maximum speed limit);</text> </level> <level label="15"> <text>§ 21–1117 of this title (Skidding, spinning wheels, and excessive noise);</text> </level> <level label="16"> <text>§ 21–1131 of this title (Discharging diesel emissions onto another);</text> </level> <level label="17"> <text>§ 21–1209(a) of this title (Avoiding collision and overtaking and passing bicycle, EPAMD, or motor scooter);</text> </level> <level label="18"> <text>§ 21–1303(c) of this title (Motorcycle overtaking and passing in same lane as another vehicle); or</text> </level> <level label="19"> <text>§ 21–1303(d) of this title (Motorcycle operating between lanes of traffic or vehicles).</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-901.3" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “vulnerable individual” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A pedestrian, including an individual who is lawfully:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Actively working on a highway or a utility facility along a highway;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Providing emergency services on a highway; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>On a sidewalk or footpath;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual who is lawfully riding or leading an animal on a highway, shoulder, crosswalk, or sidewalk; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An individual who is lawfully operating or riding any of the following on a highway, shoulder, crosswalk, or sidewalk:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A bicycle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A farm tractor or farm equipment;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A play vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>A motor scooter;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>A motorcycle;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>An animal–drawn vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>An EPAMD; or</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A wheelchair.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An individual may not cause the serious physical injury or death of a vulnerable individual as a result of the individual operating a motor vehicle in violation of any provision of this title.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>An individual charged with a violation of subsection (b) of this section:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Must appear in court; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May not prepay the fine.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual convicted of a violation of subsection (b) of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $2,000.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>In addition to the penalties provided under subsection (c) of this section, the court may order an individual convicted of a violation of subsection (b) of this section to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Participate in a motor vehicle safety course; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Perform up to 150 hours of community service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The Administration shall suspend the driver’s license of an individual convicted of a violation of subsection (b) of this section for at least 7 days but not more than 6 months.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-902" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not drive or attempt to drive any vehicle while under the influence of alcohol.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person may not drive or attempt to drive any vehicle while the person is under the influence of alcohol per se.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,200 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,400 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under subsection (b), (c), or (d) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article, within 5 years before the conviction for a violation of this paragraph, shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not violate paragraph (1) of this subsection while transporting a minor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $3,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under this paragraph or subsection (b)(2), (c)(2), or (d)(2) of this section shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not drive or attempt to drive any vehicle while impaired by alcohol.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under this subsection or subsection (a), (c), or (d) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not violate paragraph (1) of this subsection while transporting a minor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,200 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,400 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under this paragraph or subsection (a)(2), (c)(2), or (d)(2) of this section shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not drive or attempt to drive any vehicle while so far impaired by any drug, any combination of drugs, or a combination of one or more drugs and alcohol that the person cannot drive a vehicle safely.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under this subsection or subsection (a), (b), or (d) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>It is not a defense to any charge of violating this subsection that the person charged is or was entitled under the laws of this State to use the drug, combination of drugs, or combination of one or more drugs and alcohol, unless the person was unaware that the drug or combination would make the person incapable of safely driving a vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not violate paragraph (1) of this subsection while transporting a minor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,200 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,400 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under this paragraph or subsection (a)(2), (b)(2), or (d)(2) of this section shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not drive or attempt to drive any vehicle while the person is impaired by any controlled dangerous substance, as that term is defined in § 5–101 of the Criminal Law Article, if the person is not entitled to use the controlled dangerous substance under the laws of this State.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,200 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,400 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under subsection (a), (b), or (c) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article, within 5 years before the conviction for a violation of this paragraph, shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not violate paragraph (1) of this subsection while transporting a minor.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this paragraph is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $3,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For the purpose of determining subsequent offender penalties for a violation of this paragraph, a prior conviction under this paragraph or subsection (a)(2), (b)(2), or (c)(2) of this section shall be considered a prior conviction.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <text>For purposes of the application of subsequent offender penalties under this section, a conviction for a crime committed in another state or federal jurisdiction that, if committed in this State, would constitute a violation of subsection (a)(1) or (2), (b)(1) or (2), (c)(1) or (2), or (d)(1) or (2) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article shall be considered a violation of subsection (a)(1) or (2), (b)(1) or (2), (c)(1) or (2), or (d)(1) or (2) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “imprisonment” includes confinement in:</text> <level label="i"> <text>An inpatient rehabilitation or treatment center; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Home detention that includes electronic monitoring for the purpose of participating in an alcohol treatment program that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Certified by the Maryland Department of Health;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Certified by an agency in an adjacent state that has powers and duties similar to the Maryland Department of Health; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Approved by the court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person who is convicted of a violation of subsection (a) of this section within 5 years after a prior conviction under that subsection is subject to a mandatory minimum penalty of imprisonment for not less than 5 days.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense under subsection (a) of this section within 5 years after a prior conviction under that subsection is subject to a mandatory minimum penalty of imprisonment for not less than 10 days.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>A person who is convicted of a violation of subsection (d) of this section within 5 years after a prior conviction under that subsection is subject to a mandatory minimum penalty of imprisonment for not less than 5 days.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who is convicted of a third or subsequent offense under subsection (d) of this section within 5 years after a prior conviction under that subsection is subject to a mandatory minimum penalty of imprisonment for not less than 10 days.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person who is convicted of an offense under subsection (a) of this section within 5 years after a prior conviction under that subsection shall be required by the court to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Undergo a comprehensive alcohol abuse assessment; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If recommended at the conclusion of the assessment, participate in an alcohol program as ordered by the court that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Certified by the Maryland Department of Health;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Certified by an agency in an adjacent state that has powers and duties similar to the Maryland Department of Health; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Approved by the court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who is convicted of an offense under subsection (d) of this section within 5 years after a prior conviction under that subsection shall be required by the court to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Undergo a comprehensive drug abuse assessment; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If recommended at the conclusion of the assessment, participate in a drug program as ordered by the court that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Certified by the Maryland Department of Health;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Certified by an agency in an adjacent state that has powers and duties similar to the Maryland Department of Health; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Approved by the court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>The penalties provided under this subsection are mandatory and are not subject to suspension or probation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “test” has the meaning stated in § 16–205.1 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The penalties under this subsection are in addition to any other penalty imposed for a violation of this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Subject to paragraph (4) of this subsection, if a person is convicted of a violation of this section and the trier of fact finds beyond a reasonable doubt that the person knowingly refused to take a test arising out of the same circumstances as the violation, the person is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A court may not impose an additional penalty under this subsection unless the State’s Attorney serves notice of the alleged test refusal on the defendant or the defendant’s counsel before the earlier of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Acceptance of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>At least 15 days before trial in a circuit court or 5 days before trial in the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not violate subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this section if the person previously has been convicted of two violations of any provision of subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For purposes of this subsection, a conviction for a crime under the laws of the United States that would be a crime included in paragraph (1) of this subsection if committed in this State shall be considered a prior conviction under this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 5 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not violate subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this section if the person previously has been convicted of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Three or more violations of any provision of subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this section or § 8–738 of the Natural Resources Article; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A violation of § 2–209, § 2–503, § 2–504, § 2–505, § 2–506, or § 3–211 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For purposes of this subsection, a conviction for a crime under the laws of the United States that would be a crime included in paragraph (1) of this subsection if committed in this State shall be considered a prior conviction under this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person who violates this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $10,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-902.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “arrestee” means a person who has been arrested for a violation of § 21–902 of this subtitle or Title 2, Subtitle 5 or § 3–211 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An arrestee may not drive a motor vehicle within 12 hours after the arrestee’s arrest for a violation of § 21–902 of this subtitle or Title 2, Subtitle 5 or § 3–211 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-902.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “ignition interlock system” means a device that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Connects a motor vehicle ignition system to a breath analyzer that measures a person’s blood alcohol level;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Prevents a motor vehicle ignition from starting if a person’s blood alcohol level exceeds the calibrated setting on the device; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Has a camera:</text> <level label="i"> <text>With the capability of recording still images of the person taking the test of the person’s blood alcohol level;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Without the capability to record sound;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Without the capability to record video; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>That records images only while the device is testing the blood alcohol level of the person taking the test or if the device is being tampered with.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In addition to any other penalty for a violation of § 21–902(a) or (b) of this subtitle or in addition to any other condition of probation, a court may prohibit a person who is convicted of, or granted probation under § 6–220 of the Criminal Procedure Article for, a violation of § 21–902(a) or (b) of this subtitle from operating for not more than 3 years a motor vehicle that is not equipped with an ignition interlock system.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If the court imposes the use of an ignition interlock system as a sentence, part of a sentence, or condition of probation, the court:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall state on the record the requirement for and the period of the use of the system and so notify the Administration;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall direct that the records of the Administration reflect:</text> <level label="i"> <text>That the person may not operate a motor vehicle that is not equipped with an ignition interlock system; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Whether the court has expressly allowed the person to operate a motor vehicle without an ignition interlock system under subsection (g)(2) of this section;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Shall direct the Administration to note on the person’s license in an appropriate manner a restriction imposed under paragraph (2)(i) or (ii) of this subsection;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Shall require proof of the installation of the system and periodic reporting by the person for verification of the proper operation of the system;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Shall require the person to have the system monitored for proper use and accuracy at least semiannually, or more frequently as the circumstances may require, by an entity approved by the Administration; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>Shall require the person to pay the reasonable cost of leasing or buying, monitoring, and maintaining the system; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May establish a payment schedule.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person prohibited under this section or Title 16 of this article from operating a motor vehicle that is not equipped with an ignition interlock system may not solicit or have another person start or attempt to start a motor vehicle equipped with an ignition interlock system.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not start or attempt to start a motor vehicle equipped with an ignition interlock system for the purpose of providing an operable motor vehicle to a person who is prohibited under this section or Title 16 of this article from operating a motor vehicle that is not equipped with an ignition interlock system.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person may not tamper with, or in any way attempt to circumvent, the operation of an ignition interlock system that has been installed in the motor vehicle of a person under this section or Title 16 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not knowingly furnish a motor vehicle not equipped with a functioning ignition interlock system to another person who the person knows is prohibited under subsection (b) of this section or Title 16 of this article from operating a motor vehicle not equipped with an ignition interlock system.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>This paragraph does not limit or otherwise affect any provision of federal or State law relating to a holder of a commercial driver’s license.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a person is required in the course of the person’s employment to operate a motor vehicle owned or provided by the person’s employer, the person may operate that motor vehicle in the course of the person’s employment without installation of an ignition interlock system if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The person has not been convicted of:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>A violation of § 21–902(a) of this subtitle more than once within a 5–year period;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A violation of § 21–902(a) of this subtitle within 5 years after the person previously was convicted of a violation of § 21–902(d) of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>A violation of § 21–902(d) of this subtitle within 5 years after the person previously was convicted of a violation of § 21–902(a) of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The court or the Administration has expressly allowed the person to operate in the course of the person’s employment a motor vehicle that is not equipped with an ignition interlock system.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The Administration may allow a participant in the Ignition Interlock System Program under § 16–404.1 of this article to operate in the course of the person’s employment a motor vehicle owned or provided by the person’s employer that is not equipped with an ignition interlock system if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The person provides information acceptable to the Administration regarding the person’s current employment and the need for the person to operate the motor vehicle in the course of employment; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The person has not been convicted of:</text> </level> <level label="A"> <text>A violation of § 21–902(a) of this subtitle more than once within a 5–year period;</text> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A violation of § 21–902(a) of this subtitle within 5 years after the person previously was convicted of a violation of § 21–902(d) of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="C"> <text>A violation of § 21–902(d) of this subtitle within 5 years after the person previously was convicted of a violation of § 21–902(a) of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (d), (e), (f), or (g) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-902.3" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “test” has the meaning stated in § 16–205.1 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a person is convicted of a violation of § 21–902(b) or (c) of this subtitle and the trier of fact finds beyond a reasonable doubt that the person refused to take a test arising out of the same circumstances as the violation, the court shall require the person to participate in the Ignition Interlock System Program under § 16–404.1 of this article for 1 year.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The penalty provided under this section shall be:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In addition to any other criminal penalty for a violation of § 21–902(b) or (c) of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Concurrent with any other participation in the Ignition Interlock System Program ordered by the Administration under any other provision of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If a person subject to this section participates in the Ignition Interlock System Program under § 16–205.1 of this article, the person shall receive credit toward the length of participation in the Ignition Interlock System Program arising out of the same incident required under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-902.4" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The Administration shall certify or cause to be certified ignition interlock systems for use in the State and adopt regulations for the certification of the ignition interlock systems.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The regulations adopted under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall include requirements that an ignition interlock system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Does not impede the safe operation of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Minimizes opportunities to be bypassed;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Correlates accurately with established measures of blood alcohol levels;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Works accurately and reliably in an unsupervised environment;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>Requires a proper and accurate measure of blood alcohol levels;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>Is installed in a tamper–proof manner and provides evidence of attempted tampering;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>Is difficult to circumvent and requires premeditation to circumvent;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>Minimizes inconvenience to a sober user;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>Is manufactured by a party responsible for installation, user training, service, and maintenance;</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Operates reliably over the range of motor vehicle environments or motor vehicle manufacturing standards;</text> </level> <level label="xi"> <text>Is manufactured by a person that is adequately insured for products liability;</text> </level> <level label="xii"> <text>Provides the option for an electronic log of the driver’s experience with the system; and</text> </level> <level label="xiii"> <text>Is certified by a qualified laboratory approved by the Administration.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>The Administration shall design and adopt a warning label to be affixed to an ignition interlock system on installation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The warning label shall state that a person tampering with, circumventing, or otherwise misusing the ignition interlock system is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine or imprisonment or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The Administration shall publish a list of certified ignition interlock systems.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A manufacturer of an ignition interlock system that seeks to sell or lease the ignition interlock system to persons subject to § 21–902.2 of this subtitle in the State shall pay the costs of obtaining the required certification.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not sell or lease or offer to sell or lease an ignition interlock system to a person subject to § 21–902.2 of this subtitle in the State unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The system has been certified by the Administration; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A warning label approved by the Administration is affixed to the system stating that a person who tampers, circumvents, or otherwise misuses the system is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine or imprisonment or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person that sells or leases an ignition interlock system in the State shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Monitor the use of the system as required by the court; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Issue a report of the results of the monitoring to the appropriate office of the Division of Parole and Probation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The Administration shall adopt regulations establishing minimum standards for the certification of an approved service provider, including:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The minimum qualifications described under § 16–404.1 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A requirement that an approved service provider shall maintain service and installation records and provide these records for inspection on the request of the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-903" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Alcoholic beverage” means a spirituous, vinous, malt, or fermented liquor, liquid, or compound that contains at least 0.5% alcohol by volume and is fit for beverage purposes.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Cannabis” has the meaning stated in § 5–101 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Passenger area” means an area that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is designed to seat the driver and any passenger of a motor vehicle while the motor vehicle is in operation; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is readily accessible to the driver or a passenger of a motor vehicle while in their seating positions.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Passenger area” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A locked glove compartment;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The trunk of a motor vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If a motor vehicle is not equipped with a trunk, the area behind the rearmost upright seat or an area that is not normally occupied by the driver or a passenger of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section applies to a motor vehicle that is driven, stopped, standing, or otherwise located on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A driver of a motor vehicle may not consume an alcoholic beverage, or smoke or consume cannabis, in a passenger area of a motor vehicle on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Notwithstanding § 6–320, § 6–321, or § 6–322 of the Alcoholic Beverages and Cannabis Article, or any other provision of law, the prohibition contained in this section applies throughout the State.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-904" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “visual or audible signal” includes a signal by hand, voice, emergency light or siren.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a police officer gives a visual or audible signal to stop and the police officer is in uniform, prominently displaying the police officer’s badge or other insignia of office, a driver of a vehicle may not attempt to elude the police officer by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Willfully failing to stop the driver’s vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Fleeing on foot; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any other means.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If a police officer gives a visual or audible signal to stop and the police officer, whether or not in uniform, is in a vehicle appropriately marked as an official police vehicle, a driver of a vehicle may not attempt to elude the police officer by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Willfully failing to stop the driver’s vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Fleeing on foot; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any other means.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A driver may not commit a violation of subsection (b)(1) or (c)(1) of this section that results in bodily injury to another person.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A driver may not commit a violation of subsection (b)(1) or (c)(1) of this section that results in death of another person.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>In this subsection, “crime of violence” has the meaning stated in § 14–101 of the Criminal Law Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A driver may not commit a violation of subsection (b)(1) or (c)(1) of this section while the driver is attempting to elude a police officer who is signaling for the driver to stop for the purpose of apprehending the driver for the commission of a crime of violence for which the driver is subsequently convicted.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection, a person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (d)(1) or (e) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (d)(2) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-905" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="9" subtitle_name="Reckless, Negligent, or Impaired Driving; Fleeing or Eluding Police"> <level label="a"> <text>A holder of a provisional driver’s license who is under the age of 18 years is guilty of high–risk driving if the holder of the provisional license commits any of the following violations:</text> <level label="1"> <text>§ 21–901.1 of this subtitle (Reckless and negligent driving);</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>§ 21–901.2 of this subtitle (Aggressive driving); or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>§ 21–1116 of this title (Race or speed contest prohibited).</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>If the individual is convicted of a violation specified in subsection (a) of this section, the Administration shall suspend the individual’s driver’s license:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For a first offense, for 6 months; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a second or subsequent offense, for 1 year.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual subject to a license suspension under this subsection may request a hearing as provided for a suspension or revocation under Title 12, Subtitle 2 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1001" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, on any highway outside of a business district or a residential district, a person may not stop, park, or leave standing on the roadway any vehicle, whether attended or unattended, if it is practicable to stop, park, or leave the vehicle standing off the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, on any highway outside of a business district or a residential district, a person may not leave any vehicle standing, without providing an unobstructed width of the roadway opposite the standing vehicle for the free passage of other vehicles.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, on any highway outside of a business district or a residential district, a person may not stop any vehicle, unless it can be seen clearly from 200 feet away in each direction on the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>This section does not apply to the driver of a vehicle that has become unintentionally so disabled while on the roadway that he cannot avoid stopping and temporarily leaving it there.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1003" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>The provisions of this section apply except as necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with law or the directions of a police officer or traffic control device.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle in front of a public driveway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle on a sidewalk.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle in an intersection.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle on a crosswalk.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle between a safety zone and the adjacent curb or within 30 feet of points on the curb immediately opposite the ends of a safety zone, unless the State Highway Administration or local authority indicates a different length by signs or markings.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle alongside or opposite any highway excavation or obstruction if to do so would obstruct traffic.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle on any bridge or other elevated structure on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle in a highway tunnel.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle at any place where stopping is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="k"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle on any entrance or exit ramp of any highway with two or more lanes for traffic moving in the same direction.</text> </level> <level label="l"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle in front of a private driveway without the consent of the owner or occupant of the premises.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle within 15 feet of a fire hydrant.</text> </level> <level label="n"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply in Baltimore City.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle within 20 feet of a crosswalk at an intersection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="o"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle within 30 feet on the approach to any flashing signal, stop sign, yield sign, or traffic control signal located at the side of a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="p"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle within 20 feet of the driveway entrance to any fire station or on the side of a highway opposite the entrance to any fire station within 75 feet of the entrance, if properly signposted.</text> </level> <level label="q"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle at any place where standing is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="r"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle on the roadway side of any other vehicle that is stopped or parked at the edge or curb of a highway.</text> </level> <level label="s"> <text>A person may not stand or park a vehicle on a curve or hill where solid lines on the surface of the roadway indicate a zone in which passing is prohibited.</text> </level> <level label="t"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle within 50 feet of the nearest rail in a railroad grade crossing.</text> </level> <level label="u"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle unless for the use of an individual with a disability, in a space or zone marked as restricted for the use of individuals with disabilities.</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle on any property owned by the Board of Education of Montgomery County or Montgomery College where parking is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="w"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle on any property owned by the Board of Education of Baltimore County or the community colleges of Baltimore County where parking is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle on any property owned by the Board of Education of Wicomico County or the community colleges of Wicomico County where parking is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="y"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle on any property owned by the Board of Education of Prince George’s County where parking is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="z"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle on any property owned by the Board of Education of Calvert County, Charles County, or St. Mary’s County or the community colleges of Calvert County, Charles County, or St. Mary’s County where parking is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="aa"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle at any other place where parking is prohibited by an official sign.</text> </level> <level label="bb"> <text>A person may not move a vehicle that he does not lawfully control into any prohibited area.</text> </level> <level label="cc"> <text>A person may not move a vehicle that the person does not lawfully control away from a curb for an unlawful distance.</text> </level> <level label="dd"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle in front of a curb ramp designed for the use of individuals with disabilities.</text> </level> <level label="ee"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle in front of or on a passenger loading zone designed or marked for the use of individuals with disabilities.</text> </level> <level label="ff"> <level label="1"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (j) of this section while operating a commercial motor vehicle in Anne Arundel County is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For a first offense, a fine of $100;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a second offense, a fine of $250; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For a third or subsequent offense, a fine of $500.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (u) or (dd) of this section is subject to a fine of $25.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1003.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsections (c) and (d) of this section, a local authority may not issue a residential parking permit to the owner of a vehicle to be valid for a period in excess of 30 days unless the owner provides satisfactory evidence that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The vehicle for which the parking permit is sought is registered in the State; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The owner of the vehicle has obtained under § 13-402.1 of this article:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A nonresident permit; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A complimentary guest card.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a residential parking permit area is established as a result of the construction of a professional sports facility that seats 45,000 or more people, a local authority may not charge a fee for the issuance of a permit to park in that area.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>In Baltimore City, the Executive Director of the Baltimore City Parking Authority may issue, on a showing of evidence of ownership and occupancy, a residential parking permit to a person who owns and occupies residential property in the residential parking permit area regardless of whether the person would otherwise qualify for a residential parking permit under subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>In the City of Annapolis, the Annapolis Parking and Fines Section of the Annapolis Police Department may issue, on a showing of evidence of ownership and occupancy, a residential parking permit to a person who owns and occupies residential property in the residential parking permit area regardless of whether the person would otherwise qualify for a residential parking permit under subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1003.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Plug–in electric drive vehicle” means a motor vehicle:</text> <level label="i"> <text>That is made by a manufacturer;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>That is propelled to a significant extent by an electric motor that draws electricity from a battery that can be recharged from an external source of electricity;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For which the external source of electricity is unable to be connected to the motor vehicle while the motor vehicle is in motion; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>That is properly registered.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Plug–in electric drive vehicle charging space” means a parking space that provides access to charging equipment that transfers electrical energy to a plug–in electric drive vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Unless the vehicle is a plug–in electric drive vehicle that is plugged into charging equipment, a person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle in a designated plug–in electric drive vehicle charging space.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A publicly accessible plug–in electric drive vehicle charging space shall be designated by a sign that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Indicates that the charging space is only for electric vehicle charging;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Includes any day or time restrictions;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>States the maximum fine that may be incurred for a violation; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Is consistent with the design and placement specifications established in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways adopted by the State Highway Administration under § 25–104 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A plug–in electric drive vehicle charging space shall be counted as part of the overall number of parking spaces in a parking lot for the purpose of complying with any zoning or parking laws intended to meet requirements for commercial and industrial uses under the Americans with Disabilities Act.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person who violates this section is subject to a civil penalty of $100.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1004" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as otherwise provided in this section, a vehicle that is stopped or parked on a two-way roadway shall be stopped or parked parallel to the right hand curb or edge of the roadway, with its right hand wheels within 12 inches of that curb or edge of the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as otherwise provided by local ordinance, a vehicle that is stopped or parked on a one-way roadway shall be stopped or parked parallel to the curb or edge of the roadway, in the direction of authorized traffic movement, with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Its right hand wheels within 12 inches of the right hand curb or edge of the roadway; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Its left hand wheels within 12 inches of the left hand curb or edge of the roadway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The State Highway Administration or any local authority may permit angle parking on the roadway of any highway in its jurisdiction, if the roadway has been determined to be wide enough to permit angle parking without interfering with the free movement of traffic.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The State Highway Administration or any local authority may place signs that prohibit or restrict the stopping, standing, or parking of vehicles on any highway in its jurisdiction where to stop, stand, or park would:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Endanger those using the highway; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Interfere unduly with the free movement of traffic on the highway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not stop, stand, or park a vehicle on any private property not owned by the owner or driver of the vehicle unless the person has express or implied permission from the property owner, his tenant, or his agent to stop, stand, or park the vehicle, as the case may be.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In Baltimore City or in any county, upon the request of the owner, his agent, or his tenant, a police officer may issue a citation for a violation of the provisions of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>As of October 1, 2010, any sign that designates a parking space or zone for the use of individuals with disabilities shall clearly state the maximum amount of the fine to which a person is subject for parking a vehicle in the parking space or zone in violation of § 21-1003(u) of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>In this subsection, “an inoperable or disabled vehicle” means a vehicle that is visibly unable to function or move or that, though able to operate or move, poses a severe safety hazard.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“An inoperable or disabled vehicle” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A vehicle that is missing a wheel or wheels;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A vehicle that has a severely underinflated or flat tire or tires; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A vehicle with a severely damaged windshield.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection applies only in Washington County.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person may not leave an inoperable or disabled vehicle continuously parked in the same location on a highway for more than 7 days.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subparagraph (i) of this paragraph does not apply to a vehicle that has been immobilized by a local governmental entity or an agent of a local governmental entity.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person who violates paragraph (3) of this subsection is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to a fine not exceeding $500.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>A vehicle that is left in violation of paragraph (3) of this subsection may be towed only if notice of the intent to tow the vehicle is posted prominently on the vehicle at least 72 hours in advance.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The notice of the intent to tow an inoperable or disabled vehicle shall include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The address and telephone number of the facility where the vehicle will be impounded; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Contact information where the owner of the vehicle may direct questions regarding the notice of the intent to tow.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>If a vehicle is taken into custody under this section, a police department shall follow the same notice requirements as those for abandoned vehicles under § 25–204 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1004.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not leave a cat or dog unattended in a standing or parked motor vehicle in a manner that endangers the health or safety of the cat or dog.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person may use reasonable force to remove from a motor vehicle a cat or dog left in the vehicle in violation of the provisions of subsection (a) of this section if the person is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A law enforcement officer;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A public safety employee of the State or of a local governing body;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An animal control officer under the jurisdiction of the State or a local governing body;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>An officer of a society or association, incorporated under the laws of this State for the prevention of cruelty to animals, authorized to make arrests under the provisions of § 10-609 of the Criminal Law Article; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A volunteer or professional of a fire and rescue service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not use force of any kind to remove from a motor vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A dog used by the State or a local governing body for police work while the dog is on duty; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A cat or dog in the custody of an animal control officer.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person described in subsection (b) of this section may not be held liable for any damages directly resulting from actions taken under the provisions of subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1005" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>A person who has a permanent physical disability may apply to the Administration, on the form that it requires, for a permit for one personal residential reserved parking space:</text> <level label="1"> <text>To be located at the curb, side, or edge of the roadway of the highway in front of or near the applicant’s dwelling unit; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To provide convenience and safety as the person enters or leaves a vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The Administration shall issue the permit:</text> <level label="i"> <text>If the applicant is required to use a wheelchair to move about or if the Administration determines that the disability is so severe that the applicant would endure a hardship or be subject to a risk of injury if the applicant should enter or leave the vehicle at a less convenient location; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the Administration determines that the physical disability is permanent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To determine if eligibility requirements continue to be met, the Administration may conduct a review of any personal residential permit for reserved parking space it has issued under this subsection. If it determines that eligibility requirements are not being met, the Administration may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Revoke the personal residential permit for reserved parking space; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Require the appropriate agency to remove any sign or other identification of the reserved space.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the Administration finds it necessary to review the severity or permanency of the disability of a holder of a personal residential permit for reserved parking space, the Administration may request review and recommendation by the Medical Advisory Board established under § 16-118 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, any parking space reserved under this section shall be adjacent to the applicant’s property lines or the property lines of the applicant’s dwelling unit and may not extend to the roadway adjacent to neighboring properties.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the applicant’s property lines or the property lines of the applicant’s dwelling unit are too narrow to accommodate and contain the entire parking space necessary to park the applicant’s vehicle, or if it is necessary to reserve 2 or more abutting parking spaces under this section, the maximum possible portion of the necessary space shall be adjacent to the applicant’s property lines or the property lines of the applicant’s dwelling unit.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>On receipt of the permit, the person shall affix it to the vehicle in a conspicuous place.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not commit any fraud or make any misrepresentation in applying for a permit for a personal residential reserved parking space issued under this section or in any certification of fact as to the contents of the application.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person may not commit any fraud or make any misrepresentation in using a permit for a personal residential reserved parking space issued under this section.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>In addition to any other penalty provided by law for a violation of this section, the Administration may refuse to issue a permit for a personal residential reserved parking space or revoke a permit that has been issued.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A person aggrieved by a decision or order of the Administration issued under this section may appeal from the decision or order as provided in § 12-209 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>After the Administration issues the permit for a personal residential reserved parking space, the Administration shall notify the State Highway Administration or, as to parking spaces in Baltimore City, the Baltimore City Department of Transportation, or, as to parking spaces in Baltimore County, the Baltimore County Department of Traffic Engineering.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>Except in Baltimore City and Baltimore County, within 30 days after it receives the notification required by subsection (i) of this section, the State Highway Administration shall install and maintain at the proper place a sign or signs, which shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Conform to the applicable requirements of the Maryland Accessibility Code adopted under § 12-202 of the Public Safety Article; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Designate the space as a personal residential parking space.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <text>In Baltimore City, the establishment of a personal residential reserved parking space shall be subject to approval of the Baltimore City Department of Transportation, in accordance with the charter and public local laws of Baltimore City.</text> </level> <level label="l"> <text>In Baltimore County, the establishment of a personal residential reserved parking space shall be subject to approval of the Baltimore County Department of Traffic Engineering, in accordance with the charter and public local laws of Baltimore County.</text> </level> <level label="m"> <text>Unless the vehicle displays a personal residential permit issued for the space in which the vehicle is parked, a person may not park a vehicle in a personal residential reserved parking space established under this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1006" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Each parking lot that is constructed or altered after October 1, 1996 shall conform with the requirements of the Maryland Accessibility Code adopted under § 12–202 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>As of October 1, 2010, each parking lot in the State shall conform with the requirements of the Maryland Accessibility Code adopted under § 12–202 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person may comply with this paragraph by restriping the parking lot to provide the required number of parking spaces for individuals with disabilities, including parking spaces that are disabled van accessible.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If restriping a parking lot to comply with this subsection reduces the total number of spaces to below the number required by local law, the local jurisdiction shall grant the property owner an exception to the relevant local zoning ordinance.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not park a motor vehicle in a space designated for the use of individuals with disabilities unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The vehicle bears a special registration plate, a removable windshield placard, or a temporary removable windshield placard issued by the Administration under § 13–616, § 13–616.1, or § 13–616.2 of this article or similarly by another state, the District of Columbia, or another country; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The person is authorized to use the privileges conferred by the special registration plate, removable windshield placard, or temporary placard under § 13–616, § 13–616.1, or § 13–616.2 of this article, or under the laws of another state, the District of Columbia, or another country.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Any restriping or repaving of a parking lot shall be considered an alteration under the Maryland Accessibility Code adopted under § 12–202 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1007" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>The owner or lessor of a supermarket, business establishment, or shopping area or center that has entrances surrounded by obstacles designed to prevent shopping carts from being removed from the premises, shall provide an unobstructed entrance during business hours for individuals with disabilities, as provided for in subsection (b) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Such an entrance shall be at least 36 inches wide and constructed to allow reasonable access for entry and egress for individuals with disabilities.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Failure to provide such an entrance, or failure to keep it unlocked and accessible during business hours to individuals with disabilities, is a violation of this article.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Nothing contained in this section shall be construed as negating the provisions of the Maryland Accessibility Code adopted under § 12-202 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1008" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>By fiscal year 2000, each public institution of higher education and State employment facility shall provide reasonable accommodations necessary for bicycle access, including parking for bicycles.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>When a public institution of higher education revises its facility master plan, the public institution of higher education shall address bicycle and pedestrian transportation circulation:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Between the institution and the communities adjacent to the institution; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Within the campus of the institution.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The facility master plan shall include measures that the institution proposes to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Incorporate bikeways and pedestrian facilities on the campus; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Promote biking and walking on the campus.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1009" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <text>In Charles County, the county commissioners may adopt ordinances and regulations relating to the towing or removal of vehicles from privately owned parking lots.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1010" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “commercial vehicle” means a vehicle that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is used to transport property;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Is owned by, or used in conjunction with, a business enterprise; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Is of a type capable of being registered:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Other than under § 13–917 of this article, as a Class E (truck) vehicle under this article;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>As a Class F (tractor) vehicle under this article; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>As a Class G (trailer) vehicle under this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to any vehicle that is of a type capable of being registered:</text> <level label="1"> <text>As a Class A (passenger) vehicle under § 13–912 of this article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a Class E (truck) vehicle under § 13–917 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not apply in any municipal corporation in Prince George’s County.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, in Prince George’s County, a person may not park a commercial vehicle on any street, highway, driveway, or other property in an area specified as a residential zone under the zoning regulations of Prince George’s County.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection does not apply if the parking of the commercial vehicle is essential to the immediate use then being made of the commercial vehicle in conjunction with a commercial transaction for a business enterprise.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>In the case of a combination tractor and trailer, a person who violates this section is subject to a separate fine for each vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For the purpose of determining the penalty under this section, each day of a violation is a separate offense.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1011" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10" subtitle_name="Stopping, Standing, and Parking"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This section applies:</text> <level label="i"> <text>To a vehicle registered or capable of being registered:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Other than under § 13–917 of this article, as a Class E (truck) vehicle under this article;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a Class F (tractor) vehicle under this article;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>As a Class G (trailer) vehicle under this article;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>As a Class H (school bus) vehicle under this article; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>As a Class P (passenger bus) vehicle under this article; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Only in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The Town of Sharpsburg, Washington County; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Town of Keedysville, Washington County.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not apply to any vehicle that is of a type capable of being registered:</text> <level label="i"> <text>As a Class A (passenger) vehicle under § 13–912 of this article; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>As a Class E (truck) vehicle under § 13–917 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not park a vehicle on any street or highway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection does not apply if the parking of the vehicle is essential to the immediate use then being made of the vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>In the case of a combination tractor and trailer, a person who violates this section is subject to a separate fine for each vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For the purpose of determining the penalty under this section, each day of a violation is a separate offense.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-10A-01" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10A" subtitle_name="Towing or Removal of Vehicles from Parking Lots"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle, “parking lot” means a privately owned facility consisting of 3 or more spaces for motor vehicle parking that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Accessible to the general public; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Intended by the owner of the facility to be used primarily by the owner’s customers, clientele, residents, lessees, or guests.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subtitle applies only to the towing or removal of vehicles from parking lots.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Nothing in this subtitle prevents a local authority from exercising any power to adopt local laws or regulations relating to the registration or licensing of persons engaged in, or otherwise regulating in a more stringent manner, the parking, towing or removal, or impounding of vehicles.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-10A-02" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10A" subtitle_name="Towing or Removal of Vehicles from Parking Lots"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section, “regional mall” means a shopping mall with at least:</text> <level label="i"> <text>400,000 square feet of gross leasable area; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>2 anchor stores.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The square footage of any anchor store shall be excluded from the calculation of gross leasable area under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The owner or operator of a parking lot or the owner’s or operator’s agent may not have a vehicle towed or otherwise removed from the parking lot unless the owner, operator, or agent has placed in conspicuous locations, as described in subsection (c) of this section, signs that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Are at least 24 inches high and 30 inches wide;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Are clearly visible to the driver of a motor vehicle entering or being parked in the parking lot;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>State the location to which the vehicle will be towed or removed and the name of the towing company;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>State that State law requires that the vehicle be available for reclamation at a minimum from 6 a.m. to midnight, 7 days per week;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>State the maximum amount that the owner of the vehicle may be charged for the towing or removal of the vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Provide the telephone number of a person who can be contacted to arrange for the reclaiming of the vehicle by its owner or the owner’s agent.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the signs described in subsection (b) of this section shall be placed to provide at least 1 sign for every 7,500 square feet of parking space in the parking lot.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In the parking lot of a regional mall, the signs described in subsection (b) of this section shall be placed at every entrance to the parking lot.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-10A-03" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10A" subtitle_name="Towing or Removal of Vehicles from Parking Lots"> <level label="a"> <text>A vehicle may not be towed or otherwise removed from a parking lot to a location that is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to subsection (b) of this section, more than 15 miles from the parking lot; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Outside the State.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A local jurisdiction may establish a maximum distance from a parking lot to a towed vehicle storage facility that is different than that established under subsection (a)(1) of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-10A-04" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10A" subtitle_name="Towing or Removal of Vehicles from Parking Lots"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless otherwise set by local law, a person who undertakes the towing or removal of a vehicle from a parking lot:</text> <level label="1"> <text>May not charge the owner of the vehicle, the owner’s agent, the insurer of record, or any secured party more than:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Twice the amount of the total fees normally charged or authorized by the political subdivision for the public safety impound towing of vehicles;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Notwithstanding § 16–207(f)(1) of the Commercial Law Article, the fee normally charged or authorized by the political subdivision from which the vehicle was towed for the daily storage of impounded vehicles;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If a political subdivision does not establish a fee limit for the public safety towing, recovery, or storage of impounded vehicles, $250 for towing and recovering a vehicle and $30 per day for vehicle storage; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Subject to subsection (b) of this section, the actual cost of providing notice under this section;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall notify the police department in the jurisdiction where the parking lot is located within 1 hour after towing or removing the vehicle from the parking lot, and shall provide the following information:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A description of the vehicle including the vehicle’s registration plate number and vehicle identification number;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The date and time the vehicle was towed or removed;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The reason the vehicle was towed or removed; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The locations from which and to which the vehicle was towed or removed;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to items (ii) and (iii) of this item, shall notify the owner and the insurer of record and any secured party by certified mail, return receipt requested, and first–class mail within 7 days, exclusive of days that the towing business is closed, after towing or removing the vehicle, and shall provide the same information required in a notice to a police department under item (2) of this subsection;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May provide notice required under item (i) of this item to the owner electronically through the Administration if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The Administration sends the notice to the owner using the e–mail address the owner provided to the Administration, as shown in the Administration’s records; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The tower sends a notice by certified mail, return receipt requested, and first–class mail, to the owner if the owner does not respond within 7 days after the electronic notice was sent by the Administration; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>May provide notice required under item (i) of this item to any secured party or insurer of record electronically, if that form of notice is agreed to by the tower and the secured party or insurer of record in writing or by electronic communication;</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Shall provide to the owner, any secured party, and the insurer of record the itemized actual costs of providing notice under this section;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Before towing or removing the vehicle, shall have authorization of the parking lot owner which shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name of the person authorizing the tow or removal;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A statement that the vehicle is being towed or removed at the request of the parking lot owner; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Photographic evidence of the violation or event that precipitated the towing of the vehicle;</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Shall obtain commercial liability insurance in the amount required by federal law for transporting property in interstate or foreign commerce to cover the cost of any damage to the vehicle resulting from the person’s negligence;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>May not employ or otherwise compensate individuals, commonly referred to as “spotters”, whose primary task is to report the presence of unauthorized parked vehicles for the purposes of towing or removal, and impounding;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>May not pay any remuneration to the owner, agent, or employee of the parking lot; and</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>May not tow a vehicle solely for a violation of failure to display a valid current registration under § 13–411 of this article until 72 hours after a notice of violation is placed on the vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not charge for the actual cost of providing notice under subsection (a)(1)(iv) of this section if the vehicle owner, the owner’s agent, the insurer of record, or any secured party retakes possession of the vehicle within 48 hours after the vehicle was received at the storage facility.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Administration shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Adopt regulations to allow for electronic notification to vehicle owners under subsection (a)(3)(ii) of this section;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Establish and maintain a database containing the proper address for providing notice to an insurer under subsection (a)(3)(iii) of this section for each insurer authorized to write a vehicle liability insurance policy in the State; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Make the database required under item (2) of this subsection available to any tower free of charge.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>An agreement to provide notice electronically made in accordance with subsection (a)(3)(iii) of this section shall remain in effect until terminated by either party.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-10A-05" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10A" subtitle_name="Towing or Removal of Vehicles from Parking Lots"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (b) of this section, if a vehicle is towed or otherwise removed from a parking lot, the person in possession of the vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall immediately deliver the vehicle directly to the storage facility stated on the signs posted in accordance with § 21–10A–02 of this subtitle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not move the towed vehicle from that storage facility to another storage facility for at least 72 hours; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Shall provide the owner of the vehicle or the owner’s agent immediate and continuous opportunity, at a minimum from 6 a.m. to midnight, 7 days per week, from the time the vehicle was received at the storage facility, to retake possession of the vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Before a vehicle is removed from a parking lot, a tower who possesses the vehicle shall release the vehicle to the owner or an agent of the owner:</text> <level label="1"> <text>If the owner or agent requests that the tower release the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the vehicle can be driven under its own power;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Whether or not the vehicle has been lifted off the ground; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If the owner or agent pays a drop fee to the tower in an amount not exceeding 50% of the cost of a full tow.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, a storage facility that is in possession of a towed vehicle shall:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Accept payment for outstanding towing, recovery, or storage charges by cash or at least two major, nationally recognized credit cards; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If the storage facility accepts only cash, have an operable automatic teller machine available on the premises.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, if a storage facility is unable to process a credit card payment and does not have an operable automatic teller machine on the premises, the storage facility shall accept a personal check as payment for outstanding towing, recovery, and storage charges.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A storage facility may refuse to accept a personal check as payment if it is unable to process a credit card for the payment because use of the credit card has been declined by the credit card company.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A storage facility that is in possession of a towed vehicle shall make the vehicle available to the owner, the owner’s agent, the insurer of record, or a secured party, under the supervision of the storage facility, for:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Inspection; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Retrieval from the vehicle of personal property that is not attached to the vehicle.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-10A-06" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10A" subtitle_name="Towing or Removal of Vehicles from Parking Lots"> <text>Any person who undertakes the towing or removal of a vehicle from a parking lot in violation of any provision of this subtitle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall be liable for actual damages sustained by any person as a direct result of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Shall be liable to the vehicle owner, a secured party, an insurer, or a successor in interest for triple the amount paid by the owner or the owner’s agent to retake possession of the vehicle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-10A-07" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="10A" subtitle_name="Towing or Removal of Vehicles from Parking Lots"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this subtitle is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $500 or both.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1101" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a person driving or otherwise in charge of a motor vehicle may not leave it unattended until the engine is stopped, the ignition locked, the key removed, and the brake effectively set.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person driving or otherwise in charge of a motor vehicle may not leave the motor vehicle unattended until, if the vehicle is on a grade, the front wheels are turned to the curb or side of the highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>When a cat or dog is left in the unattended vehicle of an on–duty law enforcement officer or an animal control officer, the provisions of subsection (a) of this section do not apply to the law enforcement officer or the animal control officer.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to a person who:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Is in charge of a motor vehicle that has had the engine started using a remote keyless ignition system and has been operating unattended for up to 5 consecutive minutes when the vehicle is not in motion; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Allows a motor vehicle that is locked and is on private property not open to the public to operate unattended for up to 5 consecutive minutes when the vehicle is not in motion.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1102" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not back it unless the movement can be made safely and without interfering with other traffic.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not back it on any shoulder or roadway of any controlled access highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1103" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b), (c), or (d) of this section, a person may not drive any vehicle on a sidewalk or sidewalk area unless it is a permanent or authorized temporary driveway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>For the purposes of this subsection, “bicycle” does not include “moped”, as defined in § 11–134.1 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Unless prohibited by local ordinance, a person may ride a bicycle, play vehicle, or unicycle on a sidewalk or sidewalk area.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>In a place where a person may ride a bicycle on a sidewalk or sidewalk area, a person may also ride a bicycle from the curb or edge of the roadway in or through a crosswalk to the opposite curb or edge of the roadway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Unless prohibited by local ordinance, an individual with a disability may use a special vehicle other than a wheelchair on sidewalks or sidewalk areas.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>An individual may use a wheelchair on sidewalks or sidewalk areas in accordance with § 21–501.1 of this title.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1104" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not drive a vehicle if it is so loaded or there is in the front seat so many passengers as to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Obstruct the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Interfere with the control of the driver over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A passenger in a vehicle may not ride in any position where he:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Interferes with the view of the driver to the front or sides of the vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Interferes with the control of the driver over the driving mechanism of the vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection and subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, a person may not drive a vehicle on a highway with any object, material, or obstruction so located in or on the vehicle as to interfere with the clear view of the driver through the windshield.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Required or permitted equipment of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Adjustable, nontransparent sun visors that are not attached to glass; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Direction, destination, or termini signs on any passenger common carrier motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not drive a vehicle on a highway with any object, material, or obstruction hanging from the rearview mirror that interferes with the clear view of the driver through the windshield.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A police officer may enforce this paragraph only as a secondary action when the police officer detains a driver of a motor vehicle for a suspected violation of another provision of the Code.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person may not drive a vehicle with any sign, poster, card, sticker, or other nontransparent material on the windshield, side wings, or side or rear windows of the vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Nontransparent material placed on the windshield of a motor vehicle above the AS1 line or not lower than 5 inches from the top of the windshield, whichever is less, if the materials are placed so as not to interfere with the driver’s clear view of traffic;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Materials placed on the windshield or rear window, within a 7 inch square area in the lower corner, if the materials are placed so as not to interfere with the driver’s clear view of traffic;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Materials placed on the side windows of a Class A (passenger) vehicle to the rear of the driver, if the materials are placed so as not to interfere with the driver’s clear view of traffic;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Materials placed on the side or rear windows of a Class M (multipurpose) vehicle or Class E (truck) vehicle provided that the vehicle is equipped with two outside rearview mirrors, one each attached to the right and left side of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>Materials placed on the windshield in compliance with security measures required by a federal or State government agency, provided that the decal is affixed to the vehicle in accordance with the issuing agency’s guidelines;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>Direction, destination, or termini signs on any passenger common carrier motor vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>An electronic toll collection device placed on the windshield of a vehicle in accordance with the guidelines established by the Maryland Transportation Authority.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1105" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not open the door of a motor vehicle on any side available to moving traffic unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>It is reasonably safe to do so; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>It can be done without interfering with the movement of other traffic.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not leave a door open on any side of a vehicle available to moving traffic for any period longer than necessary to load or unload passengers.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1106" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not occupy any mobile home while it is being towed on a highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not permit any person to occupy a mobile home that is being towed on a highway by the driver.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1107" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Subject to subsection (c) of this section, this section applies to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A truck that has a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,001 pounds or more; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A truck/trailer or truck tractor/semitrailer or trailer combination that has a combined gross vehicle weight rating of 10,001 pounds or more.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>While a vehicle subject to this section is being operated on a highway:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The driver may not allow a person to occupy the area of the vehicle primarily intended to carry cargo; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not occupy the area of the vehicle primarily intended to carry cargo.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>An attendant delegated to care for livestock;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A vehicle that is controlled or operated by a farmer and is:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Used to transport agricultural products, farm machinery, or farm supplies to or from a farm;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Not used in the operations of a common or contract motor carrier; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Used within 150 miles of the farmer’s farm;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A vehicle owned or operated by the U.S. Department of Defense if the vehicle is controlled or operated by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Active duty military personnel; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A member of the military reserves or National Guard on active duty, including personnel on full-time National Guard duty and personnel on part-time training; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A vehicle traveling at a speed of not more than 25 miles per hour.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1108" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>If a motor vehicle is traveling on a downgrade, the driver of the motor vehicle may not coast with the gears or transmission in neutral.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>If a truck or bus is traveling on a downgrade, the driver of the truck or bus may not coast with the clutch disengaged.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1109" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless he is on official business, the driver of a vehicle may not:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Follow within 500 feet of any fire apparatus traveling in response to a fire alarm; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Drive or park within 300 feet of any fire apparatus stopped in response to a fire alarm.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not pass an emergency vehicle within 100 feet of an entrance ramp of a fire or rescue station when the emergency vehicle is in the process of parking or backing.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1110" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <text>Unless he has the consent of the fire department official in command, the driver of a vehicle may not drive over any unprotected hose of a fire department that is laid down on any highway or private driveway.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1111" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not drop, throw, or place on a highway any glass bottle, glass, nails, tacks, wire, cans, or any other substance likely to injure any person, animal, or vehicle on the highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Any person who drops, throws, or places or permits to be dropped, thrown, or placed on a highway any destructive, hazardous, or injurious material immediately shall remove it or cause it to be removed.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Any person removing a wrecked or damaged vehicle from a highway also shall remove from the highway any glass or other injurious substance dropped from the vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not throw, dump, discharge, or deposit any trash, junk, or other refuse on any highway or public bridge or in any public waters.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The owner of the vehicle, if present in the vehicle, or, in his absence, the driver of the vehicle is presumed to be responsible for any violation of this section, if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The violation is caused by an occupant of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The vehicle has two or more occupants; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>It cannot be determined which occupant is the violator.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A violation of this section is considered a moving violation for purposes of § 16-402 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1112" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <text>A person may not turn off any vehicle lights to avoid identification.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1112.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not obscure or modify any vehicle registration plate in a manner that may prevent identification.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A violation of this section is a moving violation for the purpose of the assessment of points under § 16–402 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A police officer may enforce this section only as a secondary action when the police officer detains a driver of a motor vehicle for a suspected violation of another provision of the Code.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1113" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not place any structure, building, or vehicle on a highway to sell or display any produce or merchandise if it constitutes a traffic hazard.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>In Prince George’s County, a person may not sell or display any produce or merchandise on State highways in a manner that constitutes a traffic hazard.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>On the order of any police officer, the person shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Remove the structure, building, or vehicle described under subsection (a) of this section; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Cease any activity prohibited under this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1114" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not drive on any new roadway or newly repaired roadway before it is opened to traffic.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not walk on any new roadway or newly repaired roadway before the roadway is opened to traffic.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not willfully injure or damage any highway, including a highway under construction.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not willfully injure or damage any work, material, or structure used in connection with the construction of a highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1115" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not move any light or guard placed for the purpose of closing any part of a highway to traffic.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not remove any light or guard placed for the purpose of closing any part of a highway to traffic.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not alter the position of any light or guard placed for the purpose of closing any part of a highway to traffic.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1116" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in § 21–1211 of this title, on any highway or on any private property that is used by the public in general, a person may not drive a vehicle in a race or speed contest, whether or not on a wager or for a prize or reward.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in § 21–1211 of this title, a person may not participate as a timekeeper or flagman in any race or speed contest specified in paragraph (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person convicted of a violation of subsection (a)(1) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 60 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (a)(1) of this section that results in serious bodily injury to another person, as defined in § 20–102(c) of this article, is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1116.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “exhibition driving” means the operation of a motor vehicle in close proximity to a crowd or gathering in a manner that intentionally results in two or more of the following:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The excessive, abrupt acceleration or deceleration of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The skidding, squealing, burning, or smoking of the tires of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The swerving or swaying of the motor vehicle from side to side while accelerating;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>The engine of the motor vehicle producing an unreasonably loud, raucous, or disturbing noise; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The grinding of the gears of the motor vehicle or the backfiring of the engine of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any of the wheels of the motor vehicle losing contact with the ground; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>The transportation of a passenger on or in an area of a motor vehicle that is not designed or intended for passenger transport such as the hood or roof.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>On any highway or on any private property that is used for driving by the public in general, a person may not engage in exhibition driving.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 60 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section that results in serious bodily injury to another person, as defined in § 20–102(c) of this article, is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A court may consider in defense of a charge for exhibition driving:</text> <level label="1"> <text>With respect to activity described in subsection (a)(1) or (2) of this section, that the individual driving the motor vehicle acted in a reasonable manner for safety purposes; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>With respect to activity described in subsection (a)(6) of this section, that the individual driving the motor vehicle was participating in a properly permitted parade at the time of the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1117" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>This section applies throughout this State, whether on or off a highway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For purposes of this section, any noise level above that adopted by the Administrator under § 22-601 of this article is excessive.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle in any improper manner intended to cause skidding.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle in any improper manner intended to cause spinning of wheels.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle in any improper manner intended to cause excessive noise.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1118" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a school bus:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is responsible for its operation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not drive it into any roadway without first stopping and determining that there is no danger from any other vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The person responsible for any pupils on a school bus is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The teacher on the bus; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a teacher is not present, the driver.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person responsible for pupils on a school bus may not permit the number of standing pupils to exceed one pupil for each part of the aisle that is bounded on both sides by forward facing seats.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person responsible for pupils on a school bus may not permit any pupil to stand if the school bus is equipped only with lengthwise or a combination of lengthwise and forward facing seats.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person responsible for pupils on a school bus may not permit any pupil to stand in front of the stanchion and guardrail.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person responsible for pupils on a school bus may not permit any pupil to operate the front door opening mechanism, except in an emergency.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person responsible for pupils on a school bus may not require any pupil to sit on the floor.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>Except for the driver and any fuel station attendant, a person may not occupy a school bus while it is being supplied with fuel.</text> </level> <level label="i"> <text>Either the driver or an adult aide assigned to each school vehicle that is used to transport handicapped children shall be certified as having successfully completed a first aid-safety course approved by the Department of Education.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1119" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “snow tires” means those tires that are in a good state of repair and that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Are normally designated by their manufacturer as snow tires;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Are approved by the Administrator as meeting the standards of effectiveness required of normally designated snow tires; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Have antiskid patterns cut into the treaded surfaces to form bars, buttons, or blocks specially designed to give effective traction on snow or ice-covered highways.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subject to the prior approval of the governing body of the county affected, the State Highway Administration may designate, as it considers appropriate, any State highway, as defined in § 8-101 of this article, as a “snow emergency route”. When a highway is so designated, appropriate signs indicating this designation shall be placed along the highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The Secretary of State Police or the Secretary’s representative may declare a snow emergency for all snow emergency routes as a whole or for any one or more snow emergency routes, as the Secretary or the Secretary’s representative considers necessary. The snow emergency shall continue in effect until the Secretary or the Secretary’s representative declares it to be no longer necessary.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not drive or attempt to drive a motor vehicle, other than a motorcycle, on any highway that is designated and appropriately signposted as a snow emergency route and for which a snow emergency has been declared and is in effect, unless the vehicle is equipped with chains or snow tires on at least one wheel at each end of a driving axle.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not park a vehicle on any highway that is designated and appropriately signposted as a snow emergency route and for which a snow emergency has been declared and is in effect. The Department of State Police or the police of any political subdivision of this State may have any vehicle parked in violation of this subsection towed from the highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1120" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle on any highway or on any private property that is used by the public in general in this State while the person is wearing over or in both ears earplugs.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle on any highway or on any private property that is used by the public in general in this State while the person is wearing over or in both ears a headset.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle on any highway or on any private property that is used by the public in general in this State while the person is wearing over or in both ears earphones attached to a radio, tape player, or other audio device.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The provisions of subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section do not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A person engaged in the operation of either special construction equipment or equipment for use in the maintenance of any highway;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person engaged in the operation of refuse collection equipment who is wearing a safety headset or safety earplugs;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person wearing personal hearing protectors in the form of custom earplugs or molds that are designed to reduce injurious noise levels. However, custom plugs or molds shall be designed in such a manner as to not inhibit the wearer’s ability to hear a siren or horn from an emergency vehicle or a horn from another vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A person wearing a prosthetic device used to aid the hard of hearing.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The provisions of subsections (a) and (c) of this section do not apply to a person operating an authorized emergency vehicle under emergency conditions.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The provisions of subsection (b) of this section do not apply to a person operating an authorized emergency vehicle:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Under emergency conditions; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Who is wearing a headset for the purpose of communicating with other emergency personnel.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1121" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>This section applies only to a Class E (truck) vehicle registered or of a type capable of being registered in this State as a Class E (truck) vehicle with a manufacturer’s rated capacity of 3/4 ton or less, the gross vehicle weight of which does not exceed 7,000 pounds.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, this section does not apply to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A vehicle traveling at a speed of not more than 25 miles per hour; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The transportation of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>An employee to or from a work site by the employer of the employee; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual in a vehicle engaged in farming operations.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This subsection may not be construed as to eliminate applicable child safety seat and seat belt requirements under §§ 22-412.2 and 22-412.3 of this article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An individual may not drive a Class E (truck) vehicle on a highway in the State while a passenger under the age of 16 years is riding in an unenclosed bed of the vehicle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1122" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “sound amplification system” means a compact disc player, a radio, a tape player, or a similar device.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Authorized emergency vehicles;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Vehicles operated by communications, electric, gas, or water utilities;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A sound amplification system operated to request assistance or to warn of a hazardous situation; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Unless otherwise prohibited by local law, a sound amplification system used for advertising, parades, or for political or other special events.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>When a motor vehicle is being operated on a highway, the driver of the vehicle may not operate or permit the operation of a sound amplification system from the vehicle that can be heard outside the vehicle from 50 or more feet.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A violation of this section is not considered a moving violation for purposes of § 16–402 of this article.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1123" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The provisions of this subsection do not apply if the holder of the provisional driver’s license is driving while accompanied by and under the immediate supervision of an individual who:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Is at least 21 years old;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Has been licensed for at least 3 years in this State or in another state to drive vehicles of the class then being driven by the holder of the provisional driver’s license; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Is seated beside the holder of the provisional driver’s license.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, a holder of a provisional driver’s license who is under the age of 18 years may not drive a motor vehicle with a passenger under the age of 18 years.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The prohibition under paragraph (2) of this subsection:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Shall be in effect from the date the provisional license is originally issued until the 151st day after the provisional license was issued; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Does not apply to a passenger who is:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A spouse, daughter, son, stepdaughter, stepson, sister, brother, stepsister, or stepbrother of the licensee; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A relative of the licensee who resides at the same address as the licensee.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A police officer may enforce this section only as a secondary action when the police officer detains a driver for a suspected violation of another provision of the Code.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A violation of this section is a moving violation for the purposes of § 16-402 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>If the Administration receives satisfactory evidence that an individual has violated this section, the Administration may suspend or revoke the individual’s driver’s license.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual may request a hearing as provided for a suspension or revocation under Title 16, Subtitle 2 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1124" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“9–1–1 system” has the meaning stated in § 1–301 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Wireless communication device” means a handheld or hands–free device used to access a wireless telephone service.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to the use of a wireless communication device:</text> <level label="1"> <text>To contact a 9–1–1 system; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>As a text messaging device as defined in § 21–1124.1 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An individual who is under the age of 18 years may not use a wireless communication device while operating a motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>If the Administration receives satisfactory evidence that an individual has violated this section, the Administration:</text> <level label="i"> <text>May suspend the individual’s driver’s license for not more than 90 days; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May issue a restricted license for the period of suspension that is limited to driving a motor vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In the course of the individual’s employment;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For the purpose of driving to or from a place of employment; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For the purpose of driving to or from school.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual may request a hearing as provided for a suspension or revocation under Title 12, Subtitle 2 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1124.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“9–1–1 system” has the meaning stated in § 1–301 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Text messaging device” means a handheld device used to send a text message or an electronic message via a short message service, wireless telephone service, or electronic communication network.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subject to subsection (c) of this section, an individual may not use a text messaging device to write, send, or read a text message or an electronic message while operating a motor vehicle in the travel portion of the roadway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>This section does not apply to the use of:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A global positioning system; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A text messaging device to contact a 9–1–1 system.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>If the Administration receives satisfactory evidence that an individual who is under the age of 18 years has violated this section, the Administration:</text> <level label="i"> <text>May suspend the individual’s driver’s license for not more than 90 days; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>May issue a restricted license for the period of suspension that is limited to driving a motor vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In the course of the individual’s employment;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For the purpose of driving to or from a place of employment; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For the purpose of driving to or from school.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An individual may request a hearing as provided for a suspension or revocation under Title 12, Subtitle 2 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1124.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Handheld telephone” means a handheld device used to access wireless telephone service.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“9–1–1 system” has the meaning stated in § 1–301 of the Public Safety Article.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Emergency use of a handheld telephone, including calls to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A 9–1–1 system;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A hospital;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>An ambulance service provider;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>A fire department;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>A law enforcement agency; or</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A first aid squad;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Use of a handheld telephone by the following individuals when acting within the scope of official duty:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Law enforcement personnel; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Emergency personnel;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Use of a handheld telephone as a text messaging device as defined in § 21–1124.1 of this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Use of a handheld telephone as a communication device utilizing push–to–talk technology by an individual operating a commercial motor vehicle, as defined in 49 C.F.R. Part 390.5 of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The following individuals may not use a handheld telephone while operating a motor vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A driver of a Class H (school) vehicle that is carrying passengers and in motion; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a learner’s instructional permit or a provisional driver’s license who is 18 years of age or older.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to an individual specified in subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A driver of a motor vehicle that is in motion may not use the driver’s hands to use a handheld telephone other than to initiate or terminate a wireless telephone call or to turn on or turn off the handheld telephone.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to the following penalties:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For a first offense, a fine of not more than $75;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a second offense, a fine of not more than $125; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>For a third or subsequent offense, a fine of not more than $175.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Points may not be assessed against the individual under § 16–402 of this article unless the offense contributes to an accident.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The court may waive a penalty under subsection (e) of this section for a person who:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is convicted of a first offense under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Provides proof that the person has acquired a hands–free accessory, an attachment or add–on, a built–in feature, or an addition for the person’s handheld telephone that will allow the person to operate a motor vehicle in accordance with this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1124.3" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not commit a violation of § 21–1124.1 or § 21–1124.2 of this subtitle that causes an accident that directly results in the death or, as defined in § 20–102(c) of this article, serious bodily injury of another person.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A sentence imposed under this section shall be separate from and concurrent with any other sentence imposed for any crime based wholly or partly on the act establishing the violation of this section.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1125" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a person may not drive a low speed vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>On a highway for which the posted maximum speed limit exceeds 30 miles per hour;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On an expressway or another controlled access highway that is signed in accordance with § 21-313 of this title;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>On a highway on which driving a low speed vehicle is prohibited by a county or municipal ordinance; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Across a highway for which the posted maximum speed limit exceeds 45 miles per hour, except at an intersection that is controlled by:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A traffic control signal; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A stop sign at each approach to the intersection.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1126" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “violation” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law that is punishable by a sentence of imprisonment; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A violation of § 21–901.1(a) of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not commit or engage another person to commit a violation for the purpose of filming, videotaping, photographing, or otherwise recording the violation unless the person obtains written permission for the commission of the violation from:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The Secretary of State Police, or the Secretary’s designee; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The chief executive officer of the governing body of the county in which the violation is to occur, or the chief executive officer’s designee.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1127" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>An individual may not operate for hire a motor vehicle designed to carry 15 or fewer passengers, including the driver, unless the individual holds a valid for–hire driver’s license or transportation network operator’s license issued by the Public Service Commission or the appropriate local authority.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not allow an individual to operate for hire a motor vehicle designed to carry 15 or fewer passengers, including the driver, unless the individual operating the motor vehicle holds a valid for–hire driver’s license or transportation network operator’s license issued by the Public Service Commission or the appropriate local authority.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1128" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>“Dirt bike” means any motorcycle or similar vehicle that is not required to be registered under Title 13 of this article.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Dirt bike” includes:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motorized minibike, as defined in § 11–134.4 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>An all–terrain vehicle with either 3 or 4 wheels.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>“Dirt bike” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A moped, as defined in § 11–134.1 of this article; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A motor scooter, as defined in § 11–134.5 of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Service station” means a place of business where motor fuel is sold and delivered into the fuel supply tanks of motor vehicles.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This section applies only in Baltimore City.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>This section does not apply to an owner or employee of a service station who is subject to the provisions of the Baltimore City Code prohibiting the selling, transferring, or dispensing of motor fuel for delivery into a dirt bike.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not dispense motor fuel into a dirt bike from a retail pump at a service station.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 90 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph and notwithstanding any other law, if a minor is the defendant or child respondent in a proceeding under this section, the court may order that a fine imposed under this subsection be paid by:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The minor;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A parent or guardian of the minor; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Both the minor and a parent or guardian of the minor.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <level label="1"> <text>A court may not order a parent or guardian of a minor to pay a fine under this paragraph unless the parent or guardian has been given a reasonable opportunity to be heard and to present evidence.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A hearing under this subparagraph may be held as part of the sentencing or disposition hearing.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>If a person is convicted of a violation of this section, the court shall notify the Administration of the conviction.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection, on receipt of the notice described under paragraph (1) of this subsection the Administration:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For a first violation, may suspend the person’s driver’s license for up to 30 days; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a second or subsequent violation, shall suspend the person’s driver’s license for 30 days.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Subject to the provisions of Title 12, Subtitle 2 of this article, a licensee may request a hearing on a suspension under this section.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1129" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <text>A person may not drive a motor vehicle on a highway if the motor vehicle is equipped with television–type receiving equipment or video display equipment, as defined under § 22–414.1 of this article, that is turned on and displaying an image visible to the driver.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1130" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <text>An individual under the age of 16 years may not operate an all–terrain vehicle or a snowmobile on public property unless the individual is accompanied by an adult who holds a valid driver’s license.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1131" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person may not knowingly or intentionally cause a diesel–powered motor vehicle to discharge clearly visible smoke, soot, or other exhaust emissions onto another person or motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply to a person operating:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A diesel–powered vehicle that discharges visible exhaust as the result of normal acceleration or towing;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A commercial vehicle with a gross weight of 10,000 pounds or more; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A construction vehicle operating at a construction site.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1132" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Exhibition driving within a special event zone” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The operation of a motor vehicle within a special event zone in a manner that results in:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The excessive, abrupt acceleration or deceleration of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The skidding, squealing, burning, or smoking of the tires of the motor vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The swerving or swaying of the motor vehicle from side to side while skidding;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The engine of the motor vehicle producing an unreasonably loud, raucous, or disturbing noise;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The grinding of the gears of the motor vehicle or the backfiring of the engine of the motor vehicle; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Any of the wheels of the motor vehicle losing contact with the ground; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The transportation of a passenger within a special event zone on or in an area of a motor vehicle that is not designed or intended for passenger transport such as the hood or roof.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Special event” means any automotive or motor vehicle event occurring on or in close proximity to a highway that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Has been permitted or approved by a unit of local government; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Is expected to have 1,000 or more individuals in attendance, regardless of whether the event has been permitted or approved by a unit of local government.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>“Special event zone” means an area on or along a highway that is marked by appropriate warning signs or other traffic control devices designating the area as a special event zone, indicating that a special event is in progress, and stating that a person who violates this section is subject to arrest.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Special event zone” includes a parking structure, a parking lot, a street, or any other property, private or public, immediately adjacent to the marked area on or along the marked area.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>The State Highway Administration may, on its own initiative or at the request of a local authority:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Designate an area on a State highway as a special event zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Reduce established speed limits in the special event zone after a determination that the change is necessary to ensure public safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A local authority may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Designate an area on a highway under its jurisdiction as a special event zone; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Reduce established speed limits in the special event zone after a determination that the change is necessary to ensure public safety.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A speed limit established under this subsection shall become effective when posted.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not engage in exhibition driving within a special event zone.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not commit any of the following violations within a special event zone:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Driving a motor vehicle at a speed exceeding the posted speed limit;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Negligent driving under § 21–901.1(b) of this title;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Driving a motor vehicle in a race or speed contest under § 21–1116(a)(1) of this subtitle that does not result in serious bodily injury to another person, as defined in § 20–102(c) of this article;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Participating in a race or speed contest under § 21–1116(a)(2) of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Skidding, spinning of wheels, or causing excessive noise under § 21–1117 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (c) of this section is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 60 days or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subsection (d) of this section is subject to a fine not exceeding $1,000.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1133" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a person may not drive, stand, or park a vehicle in a dedicated bus lane unless authorized by the local jurisdiction in which the dedicated bus lane is located.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The following vehicles may be driven, allowed to stand, or, as appropriate, parked in a dedicated bus lane:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A transit vehicle owned, operated, or contracted for by the Maryland Transit Administration, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, or a local department of transportation;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A school bus;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A bicycle;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>An emergency vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A vehicle making a right turn at the next immediate intersection.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1134" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Agency” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A law enforcement agency of the State or a local political subdivision that is authorized to issue a citation for a violation of the Maryland Vehicle Law or of local traffic laws or regulations;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a municipal corporation that does not maintain a police force, an agency established or designated by the municipal corporation to use bus lane monitoring systems in accordance with this section; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A local, regional, or statewide transit agency or authority, including the Maryland Transit Administration and the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Bus lane monitoring system” means an enforcement system, including an onboard or fixed monitoring system, that is designed to capture a recorded image of a motor vehicle during the commission of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Bus lane monitoring system operator” means a representative of an agency or a contractor that operates a bus lane monitoring system.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>“Owner” means the registered owner of a motor vehicle or a lessee of a motor vehicle under a lease of 6 months or more.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>“Owner” does not include:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A motor vehicle leasing company; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A holder of a special registration plate issued under Title 13, Subtitle 9, Part III of this article.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Recorded image” means an image recorded by a bus lane monitoring system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A photograph;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A microphotograph;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An electronic image;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other visual medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing a motor vehicle and, on at least one image or portion of the recording, clearly identifying the registration plate number of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>“Violation” means a violation of § 21–1133 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>An agency may use a bus lane monitoring system that meets the requirements of this subsection to record the images of motor vehicles during the commission of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A bus lane monitoring system may be used only:</text> <level label="i"> <text>When being operated by a bus lane monitoring system operator;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If, in accordance with the Maryland Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A conspicuous road sign is placed at a reasonable distance consistent with national guidelines alerting drivers that a bus lane monitoring system may be in operation in the bus lane; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A conspicuous sign is affixed to the transit vehicle alerting drivers that the vehicle is equipped with a bus lane monitoring system; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>If the system produces video for each alleged violation that allows for the differentiation between a vehicle that is driving, standing, or parked in a dedicated bus lane in violation of § 21–1133 of this subtitle and a vehicle that is lawfully stopped or moving in order to execute a right turn at an intersection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>A bus lane monitoring system may retain only the images of vehicles that contain evidence of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Recorded images from a bus lane monitoring system:</text> <level label="1"> <text>That contain evidence of a violation may be retained for up to 6 months or 60 days after final disposition of the citation, whichever is later;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>That do not contain evidence of a violation shall be destroyed within 15 days after the recorded images were first captured; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May not be used for any purpose other than as evidence of a violation without a warrant, subpoena, or court order.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A bus lane monitoring system may not use biometric identification techniques, including facial recognition technology.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A bus lane monitoring system operator shall complete training by the manufacturer of the bus lane monitoring system in the procedures for setting up, testing, and operating the bus lane monitoring system.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On completion of the training, the manufacturer shall issue a signed certificate to the bus lane monitoring system operator.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The certificate of training shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A bus lane monitoring system operator shall fill out and sign a daily set–up log for each bus lane monitoring system that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>States the date and time when the system was set up;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>States that the bus lane monitoring system operator successfully performed, and the device passed, the manufacturer–specified self–tests of the bus lane monitoring system before producing a recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Shall be kept on file; and</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>A bus lane monitoring system shall undergo an annual calibration check performed by an independent calibration laboratory.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The independent calibration laboratory shall issue a signed certificate of calibration after the annual calibration check that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Shall be kept on file; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of § 21–1133 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless the driver of the motor vehicle received a citation from a police officer at the time of the violation, the owner or, in accordance with subsection (h)(5) of this section, the driver of a motor vehicle is subject to a civil penalty if the motor vehicle is recorded by a bus lane monitoring system during the commission of a violation.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A civil penalty under this section may not exceed $75.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For purposes of this section, the District Court shall prescribe:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A uniform citation form consistent with subsection (f)(1) of this section and § 7–302 of the Courts Article; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A civil penalty, which shall be indicated on the citation, to be paid by persons who choose to prepay the civil penalty without appearing in District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraphs (2) through (5) of this subsection, an agency or a contractor of the agency shall mail to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section a citation that shall include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The registration number of the motor vehicle involved in the violation;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The violation charged;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>To the extent possible, the location of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The date and time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A copy of the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty imposed and the date by which the civil penalty must be paid;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>A signed statement by a police officer employed by the local law enforcement agency that, based on inspection of the recorded images, the motor vehicle was being operated during the commission of a violation;</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>A statement that the recorded image is evidence of a violation; and</text> </level> <level label="x"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Of the manner and time in which liability as alleged in the citation may be contested in the District Court; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>That failure to pay the civil penalty or to contest liability in a timely manner is an admission of liability and may result in refusal or suspension of the motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, an agency may mail a warning notice in place of a citation to the owner liable under subsection (e) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>An agency shall mail a warning notice in place of a citation to an owner liable under subsection (e) of this section for a violation recorded by a bus lane monitoring system during the first 45 days that the bus lane monitoring system is in operation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Before mailing a citation to a motor vehicle rental company liable under subsection (e) of this section, an agency shall mail a notice to the motor vehicle rental company stating that a citation will be mailed to the motor vehicle rental company unless, within 45 days after receiving the notice, the motor vehicle rental company provides the agency with:</text> <level label="1"> <text>A statement made under oath that states the name and last known mailing address of the individual driving or renting the motor vehicle when the violation occurred;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="A"> <text>A statement made under oath that states that the motor vehicle rental company is unable to determine who was driving or renting the vehicle at the time the violation occurred because the motor vehicle was stolen at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="B"> <text>A copy of the police report associated with the motor vehicle theft claimed under item A of this item; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Payment for the penalty associated with the violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>An agency may not mail a citation to a motor vehicle rental company liable under subsection (e) of this section if the motor vehicle rental company complies with subparagraph (i) of this paragraph.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection and subsection (h)(5) of this section, a citation issued under this section shall be mailed not later than 2 weeks after the alleged violation.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person who receives a citation under paragraph (1) of this subsection may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the civil penalty, in accordance with instructions on the citation, directly to the local jurisdiction; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Elect to stand trial in the District Court for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>To mail the citation or warning notice, the Baltimore City Police Department or a contractor of the police department shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>A certificate alleging that a violation occurred, sworn to or affirmed by a duly authorized law enforcement officer employed or under contract with an agency, based on inspection of a recorded image produced by a bus lane monitoring system, shall be evidence of the facts contained in the certificate and shall be admissible in any proceeding concerning the alleged violation without the presence or testimony of the bus lane monitoring system operator who performed the requirements under subsection (c) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a person who received a citation under this section desires a bus lane monitoring system operator to be present and testify at trial, the person shall notify the court and the agency in writing not later than 20 days before trial.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>On request of a person who received a citation under this section, video of the alleged violation shall be made available to the person.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Video evidence made available under subsubparagraph 1 of this subparagraph shall be admitted as evidence in any court proceeding for a violation of § 21–1133 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Adjudication of liability shall be based on a preponderance of evidence.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The District Court may consider in defense of an alleged violation:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, that the motor vehicle or registration plates of the motor vehicle were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or in the possession of the owner at the time of the violation;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, evidence that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Any other issues and evidence that the District Court deems relevant.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>To demonstrate that the motor vehicle or the registration plates were stolen before the violation occurred and were not under the control or in the possession of the owner at the time of the violation, the owner shall submit proof that a police report about the stolen motor vehicle or registration plates was filed in a timely manner.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in the citation shall provide to the District Court evidence to the satisfaction of the District Court of who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation, including, at a minimum, the operator’s name and current address.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <level label="i"> <text>This paragraph applies only to a citation that involves a Class E (truck) vehicle with a registered gross weight of 26,001 pounds or more, a Class F (tractor) vehicle, a Class G (trailer) vehicle operated in combination with a Class F (tractor) vehicle, and a Class P (passenger bus) vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To satisfy the evidentiary burden under paragraph (1)(ii) of this subsection, the person named in a citation described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph may provide to the District Court a letter, sworn to or affirmed by the person and mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>States that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Provides the name, address, and driver’s license identification number of the person who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <level label="i"> <text>If the District Court finds that the person named in the citation was not operating the vehicle at the time of the violation or receives evidence under paragraph (4)(ii)2 of this subsection identifying the person driving the vehicle at the time of the violation, the clerk of the court shall provide to the agency a copy of any evidence substantiating who was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On the receipt of substantiating evidence from the District Court under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, an agency may issue a new citation as provided in subsection (f) of this section to the person that the evidence indicates was operating the vehicle at the time of the violation.</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A citation issued under subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph shall be mailed not later than 2 weeks after receipt of the evidence from the District Court.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <text>If the civil penalty is not paid and the violation is not contested, the Administration may refuse to register or reregister the motor vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="j"> <text>A violation for which a civil penalty is imposed under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Is not a moving violation for the purpose of assessing points under § 16–402 of this article and may not be recorded by the Administration on the driving record of the owner or driver of the vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May be treated as a parking violation for purposes of § 26–305 of this article; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="k"> <level label="1"> <text>In consultation with the appropriate local government agencies, the Chief Judge of the District Court shall adopt procedures for the issuance of citations, trials for violations, and the collection of civil penalties imposed under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The standards and requirements for the use, processing, and disposal of recorded images and associated data established under § 12–113.1 of this article apply to citations issued under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="l"> <level label="1"> <text>An agency or a contractor designated by the agency shall administer and process civil citations issued under this section in coordination with the District Court.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a contractor provides, deploys, or operates a bus lane monitoring system for an agency, the contractor’s fee may not be contingent on the number of citations issued or paid.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1135" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="11" subtitle_name="Miscellaneous Rules"> <level label="a"> <text>In this section, “exposed vehicle surface” includes for a vehicle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The hood;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The trunk;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The windshield;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Each window;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The roof;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>The cab of a commercial or noncommercial truck; and</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>The top of:</text> <level label="i"> <text>A trailer or semitrailer being towed by a motor vehicle; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A commercial trailer or semitrailer.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a person may not operate or tow a vehicle without making reasonable efforts to remove from exposed vehicle surfaces, before operation or towing, accumulated snow and ice that poses a threat to persons or property.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The prohibition under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph does not apply if compliance with the prohibition would:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Cause the operator of the vehicle to violate any law or regulation regarding workplace safety; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Threaten the health or safety of the operator of the vehicle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, a police officer may enforce paragraph (1) of this subsection only as a secondary action when the police officer detains a driver of a motor vehicle for a suspected violation of another provision of the Code.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>A person who is convicted of a violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection while operating or towing a noncommercial vehicle is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, a fine of $25;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, a fine of $50;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For a third offense, a fine of $100; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>For a fourth or subsequent offense, a fine of $200.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person who is convicted of a violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection while operating or towing a commercial vehicle is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, a fine of $75;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second offense, a fine of $150;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>For a third offense, a fine of $300;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>For a fourth offense, a fine of $600; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>For a fifth or subsequent offense, a fine of $1,000.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in subsubparagraph 2 of this subparagraph, each day that a violation occurs or continues is a separate violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person may not be found to have violated paragraph (1) of this subsection more than once in any 24–hour period.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person may not commit a violation of subsection (b)(1) of this section that contributes to an accident that results in property damage or the death of or, as defined in § 20–102 of this article, serious bodily injury to another person.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person who is convicted of a violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection is subject to:</text> <level label="i"> <text>For a violation that occurred while operating or towing a noncommercial vehicle, a fine of not less than $200 and not more than $1,000; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>For a violation that occurred while operating or towing a commercial vehicle, a fine of not less than $500 and not more than $1,500.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1201" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>The parent of any minor or the guardian of any ward may not authorize the minor or ward to violate any provision of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The parent of any minor or the guardian of any ward may not knowingly permit the minor or ward to violate any provision of this subtitle.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>With the exceptions stated in this subtitle, the provisions of this subtitle that are applicable to bicycles apply whenever a bicycle, an EPAMD, a motor scooter, or a personal delivery device, as defined in § 21–104.5 of this title, is operated on any highway or whenever a bicycle or an EPAMD is operated on any path set aside for the exclusive use of bicycles.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1202" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>Every person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter in a public bicycle area has all the rights granted to and is subject to all the duties required of the driver of a vehicle by this title, including the duties set forth in § 21–504 of this title, except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>As otherwise provided in this subtitle; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For those provisions of this title that by their very nature cannot apply.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) of this subsection, a person has the rights and is subject to the restrictions applicable to pedestrians under this title while the person is lawfully operating a bicycle, play vehicle, or unicycle:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On a sidewalk or sidewalk area; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>In or through a crosswalk.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>At an intersection, a person operating a bicycle, play vehicle, or unicycle is subject to all traffic control signals, as provided in §§ 21–202 and 21–203 of this title.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person operating a bicycle, play vehicle, or unicycle on a sidewalk or sidewalk area or in or through a crosswalk shall yield the right–of–way to a pedestrian or a person riding on an electric personal assistive mobility device.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Section 21–506 of this title does not apply to a person operating a bicycle, play vehicle, or unicycle.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1203" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>The operator of a bicycle or a motor scooter may ride the bicycle or motor scooter only:</text> <level label="1"> <text>On or astride a permanent and regular seat securely attached to it; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For an electric low speed scooter, by standing on a platform designed to carry the operator.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A bicycle may not carry any passenger unless it is designed for and equipped with a seat securely attached to it for each passenger.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A motor scooter may not carry any passenger unless it is designed for and equipped with a seat securely attached to it and footrests for each passenger.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1204" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to any log skid, drag, or farm sled while used in agricultural or forestry practices.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person riding on any bicycle or motor scooter may not attach it or himself to any vehicle on a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person riding on any play vehicle may not attach it or himself to any vehicle on a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person riding on any coaster may not attach it or himself to any vehicle on a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person riding on any skateboard may not attach it or himself to any vehicle on a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A person riding on any roller skates may not attach them or himself to any vehicle on a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person riding on any sled may not attach it or himself to any vehicle on a roadway.</text> </level> <level label="h"> <text>A person riding on any toy vehicle may not attach it or himself to any vehicle on a roadway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1205" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>Each person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter at a speed less than the speed of traffic at the time and place and under the conditions then existing on a roadway shall ride as near to the right side of the roadway as practicable and safe, except when:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Making or attempting to make a left turn;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Operating on a one-way street;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Passing a stopped or slower moving vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Avoiding pedestrians or road hazards;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>The right lane is a right turn only lane; or</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Operating in a lane that is too narrow for a bicycle or motor scooter and another vehicle to travel safely side by side within the lane.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Each person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter on a roadway may ride two abreast only if the flow of traffic is unimpeded.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Each person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter on a roadway shall exercise due care when passing a vehicle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Each person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter on a roadway may walk the bicycle or motor scooter on the right side of a highway if there is no sidewalk.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1205.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a person may not ride a bicycle or a motor scooter:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, on any roadway where the posted maximum speed limit is more than 50 miles per hour; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On any expressway, except on an adjacent bicycle path or way approved by the State Highway Administration, or on any other controlled access highway signed in accordance with § 21–313 of this title.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a person is lawfully operating a bicycle or a motor scooter on a shoulder adjacent to a roadway for which the posted maximum speed limit is more than 50 miles per hour, the person may enter the roadway only if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Making or attempting to make a left turn;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Crossing through an intersection; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The shoulder is overlaid with a right turn lane, a merge lane, a bypass lane, or any other marking that breaks the continuity of the shoulder.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Where there is not a bike lane paved to a smooth surface, a person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter may use the roadway or the shoulder.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Where there is a bike lane paved to a smooth surface, a person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter shall use the bike lane and may not ride on the roadway, except in the following situations:</text> <level label="i"> <text>When overtaking and passing another bicycle, motor scooter, pedestrian, or other vehicle within the bike lane if the overtaking and passing cannot be done safely within the bike lane;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>When preparing for a left turn at an intersection or into an alley, private road, or driveway;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>When reasonably necessary to leave the bike lane to avoid debris or other hazardous condition; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>When reasonably necessary to leave the bike lane because the bike lane is overlaid with a right turn lane, merge lane, or other marking that breaks the continuity of the bike lane.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A person operating a bicycle or a motor scooter may not leave a bike lane until the movement can be made with reasonable safety and then only after giving an appropriate signal.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The Department shall adopt regulations pertaining to this subsection, including a definition of “smooth surface”.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A motor scooter may not be operated at a speed in excess of 30 miles per hour.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a person may not operate an EPAMD on any roadway where there are sidewalks adjacent to the roadway or the posted maximum speed limit is more than 30 miles per hour.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>An EPAMD may not be operated at a speed in excess of 15 miles per hour.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, a personal delivery device, as defined in § 21–104.5 of this title, may not travel on any roadway where there are sidewalks or a shoulder adjacent to the roadway or the posted maximum speed limit is more than 35 miles per hour.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1205.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>Subject to paragraph (2) of this subsection, electric bicycles may be operated where bicycles are allowed to travel, including bike lanes.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A local authority or State agency that has jurisdiction over a bicycle path may prohibit the operation of a Class 1 or Class 2 electric bicycle on the bicycle path.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A Class 3 electric bicycle may not be operated on a bicycle path unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The bicycle path is within or adjacent to a highway right–of–way; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Allowed by a local authority or State agency with jurisdiction over the bicycle path.</text> </level> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A local authority or State agency with jurisdiction over a trail may regulate the use of electric bicycles of any class on a trail designated as nonmotorized if the trail has a natural surface tread made by clearing and grading native soil with no added surfacing materials.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>A person under the age of 16 years may not operate a Class 3 electric bicycle on a public highway.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A person under the age of 16 years may ride as a passenger on a Class 3 electric bicycle that is designed to accommodate passengers.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1206" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not operate a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter while carrying any package, bundle, or other article that prevents the person from keeping both hands on the handlebars.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not carry on a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter any package, bundle, or other article that interferes with the view or balance of the operator.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not remove, ride on, or tamper with any part of a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter without the permission of its owner.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1207" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>If a bicycle or a motor scooter is used on a highway at any time when, due to insufficient light or unfavorable atmospheric conditions, persons and vehicles on the highway are not clearly discernible at a distance of 1,000 feet, the bicycle or motor scooter shall be equipped:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On the front, with a lamp that emits a white light visible from a distance of at least 500 feet to the front; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>On the rear, with a red reflector of a type approved by the Administration and visible from all distances from 600 feet to 100 feet to the rear when directly in front of lawful upper beams of head lamps on a motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A bicycle or bicyclist may be equipped with a functioning lamp that acts as a reflector and emits a red light or a flashing amber light visible from a distance of 500 feet to the rear instead of or in addition to the red reflector required by paragraph (1) of this subsection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Subject to subsection (c) of this section, a person may operate a bicycle or a motor scooter that is equipped with a bell or other device capable of giving a signal audible for a distance of at least 100 feet.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A bicycle or motor scooter may not be equipped with nor may any person use on a bicycle any siren or whistle.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Every bicycle and motor scooter shall be equipped with a braking system capable of stopping from a speed of 10 miles per hour within 15 feet on dry, level, clean pavement.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1207.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>The provisions of this section apply:</text> <level label="i"> <text>At all times while a bicycle is being operated on any highway, bicycle way, or other property open to the public or used by the public for pedestrian or vehicular traffic; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To a person under the age of 16 who is riding on a bicycle, including a person under the age of 16 who is a passenger on a bicycle:</text> <level label="1"> <text>In a restraining seat attached to the bicycle; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In a trailer being towed by the bicycle.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The provisions of this section do not apply to passengers in commercial bicycle rickshaws.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section does not apply in the town of Ocean City, Maryland, on the boardwalk between the Ocean City inlet and 27th Street, during the hours in which bicycles are permitted by local ordinance to be operated on the boardwalk.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person to whom this section applies may not operate or ride as a passenger on a bicycle unless the person is wearing a helmet that meets or exceeds the standards of the American National Standards Institute, the Snell Memorial Foundation, or the American Society for Testing and Materials for protective headgear for use in bicycling.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>This section shall be enforced by the issuance of a warning that informs the offender of the requirements of this section and provides educational materials about bicycle helmet use.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1207.2" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>An individual under the age of 16 years may not ride on a scooter or on in–line skates on any highway, bicycle way, sidewalk, or other property open to the public or used by the public for pedestrian or vehicular traffic, unless the individual is wearing a helmet that meets or exceeds the standards of the American National Standards Institute, the Snell Memorial Foundation, or the American Society for Testing and Materials for protective headgear for use in bicycling or in–line skating.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>This section shall be enforced by the issuance of a warning that informs the offender of the requirements of this section and provides educational materials about helmet use.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1208" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not secure a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter to a fire hydrant, police or fire call box, or traffic control device.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not secure a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter to a pole, meter, or device located within a bus or taxi-loading zone.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not secure a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter to a pole, meter, or device located within 25 feet of any intersection.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not secure a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter to a pole, meter, or device on which notice has been posted by the appropriate authorities forbidding the securing of bicycles.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not secure a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter to any place where the securing of a bicycle or a motor scooter would obstruct or impede vehicular traffic or pedestrian movement.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>A bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter may be secured to a parking meter, without payment of the usual fees, if it is entirely removed from the bed of the street normally used for vehicular parking.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1209" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of this title, the driver of a vehicle shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Exercise due care to avoid colliding with any bicycle, EPAMD, or motor scooter being ridden by a person; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>When overtaking a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter, pass safely at a distance of not less than 3 feet, unless, at the time:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The bicycle, EPAMD, or motor scooter rider fails to operate the vehicle in conformance with § 21–1205(a) of this subtitle (“Riding to right side of roadway”) or § 21–1205.1(b) of this subtitle (“Roadway with bike lane or shoulder paved to smooth surface”);</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A passing clearance of less than 3 feet is caused solely by the bicycle, EPAMD, or motor scooter rider failing to maintain a steady course; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The highway on which the vehicle is being driven is not wide enough to lawfully pass the bicycle, EPAMD, or motor scooter at a distance of at least 3 feet.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not throw any object at or in the direction of any person riding a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not open the door of any motor vehicle with intent to strike, injure, or interfere with any person riding a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <text>Unless otherwise specified in this title, the driver of a vehicle shall yield the right–of–way to a person who is lawfully riding a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter in a designated bike lane or shoulder if the driver of the vehicle is about to enter or cross the designated bike lane or shoulder.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>A person may not commit a violation of paragraph (1) of this subsection that contributes to the serious physical injury or death of a person riding a bicycle, EPAMD, or motor scooter.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of subparagraph (i) of this paragraph is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 months or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1210" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not operate a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter on any highway, or on any roadway, while the person is wearing any headset covering both ears.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not operate a bicycle, an EPAMD, or a motor scooter on any highway, or on any roadway, while the person is wearing any earplugs in both ears.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The provisions of this section do not apply to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Any person wearing personal hearing protectors in the form of custom earplugs or molds that are designed to attenuate injurious noise levels, if the custom plugs or molds are designed in such a manner as to not inhibit the wearer’s ability to hear a siren or horn from an emergency vehicle or a horn from another vehicle;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any person wearing a prosthetic device used to aid the hard of hearing; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any person operating a bicycle on a public bicycle pathway expressly authorized for the use of persons operating bicycles.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1211" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>When the State Highway Administration or a local authority approves a motor vehicle or bicycle racing event on a highway or a highway bridge under its respective jurisdiction, motor vehicle or bicycle racing shall be lawful.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The State Highway Administration or a local authority may approve a motor vehicle or bicycle racing event only if:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The racing event is held under conditions that:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Provide reasonable safety for race participants, spectators, and other highway or highway bridge users; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Prevent unreasonable interference with traffic flow that would seriously inconvenience other highway or highway bridge users;</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The sponsors of the racing event:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Indemnify the State and local governments from any loss arising out of or relating to the racing event; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Provide comprehensive liability insurance, in an amount to be determined by the State Highway Administration or local authority with jurisdiction over the highway on which the racing event is to be held, for the benefit of the State and local governments, spectators, and other highway or highway bridge users;</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The county or other local jurisdiction in which the racing event is held provides written authorization for the racing event; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>The highway on which the racing event is held is closed, in a manner approved by the State Highway Administration or local authority with jurisdiction over the highway, with appropriate access measures in place.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If traffic control adequately assures the safety of participants, spectators, and other highway or highway bridge users, the State Highway Administration or a local authority may exempt participants in an approved motor vehicle or bicycle racing event from compliance with other provisions of the Maryland Vehicle Law that otherwise would be applicable to the participants in the motor vehicle or bicycle racing event.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1211.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <level label="a"> <text>When the State Highway Administration or a local authority approves a foot racing event on a highway or a highway bridge under its respective jurisdiction, foot racing shall be lawful.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The State Highway Administration or a local authority may approve a foot racing event only under conditions that:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Provide reasonable safety for race participants, spectators, and other highway or highway bridge users; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Prevent unreasonable interference with traffic flow that would seriously inconvenience other highway or highway bridge users.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>If traffic control adequately assures the safety of participants, spectators, and other highway or highway bridge users, the State Highway Administration or a local authority may exempt participants in an approved foot racing event from compliance with other provisions of the Maryland Vehicle Law that otherwise would be applicable to the participants in the foot racing event.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1212" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="12" subtitle_name="Operation of Bicycles and Play Vehicles"> <text>The Administration shall publish copies or summaries of the regulations and laws of this State that regulate the operation of bicycles and make them available, on request and without cost, to every dealer engaged in the retail sale of bicycles in this State. These dealers shall provide a copy to each person who buys a bicycle.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1301" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <text>Every person operating a motorcycle has all the rights granted to and is subject to all the duties required of the driver of any other vehicle under this title, except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>As otherwise provided in this title; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For those provisions of this title that by their very nature cannot apply.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1302" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <level label="a"> <text>The operator of a motorcycle may ride the motorcycle only on the permanent and regular seat attached to it.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The operator of a motorcycle may not carry any other person unless the motorcycle is designed to carry more than one person, in which event a passenger may ride on the permanent and regular seat, if designed for two persons, or on another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle at the rear or side of the operator.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>A person other than the operator of a motorcycle may not ride on a motorcycle unless the motorcycle is designed to carry more than one person, in which event a passenger may ride on the permanent and regular seat, if designed for two persons, or on another seat firmly attached to the motorcycle at the rear or side of the operator.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <level label="i"> <text>Except as provided in subparagraph (ii) of this paragraph, a passenger may not ride on a motorcycle on a seat at the rear of the operator unless the passenger is able to position the passenger’s feet firmly on the footrests while seated.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Subparagraph (i) of this paragraph does not apply to a passenger on a motorcycle who is unable to position the passenger’s feet firmly on the footrests due to a permanent physical disability.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may ride on a motorcycle operated under a Class M driver’s license only while sitting astride the seat, facing forward, with one leg on each side of the motorcycle.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>A person may not operate a motorcycle while carrying any package, bundle, or other article that prevents the person from keeping both hands on the steering mechanism.</text> </level> <level label="f"> <text>The operator of a motorcycle may not carry any person in a position that interferes with the operation or control of the motorcycle or the view of the operator.</text> </level> <level label="g"> <text>A person other than the operator of a motorcycle may not ride in a position that interferes with the operation or control of the motorcycle or the view of the operator.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1303" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>On any roadway that is divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic, the following rules, in addition to any others consistent with them apply.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subsections (c) and (d) of this section do not apply to police officers in the performance of their official duties.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>This subsection does not apply to motorcycles operated two abreast in a single lane.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Every motorcycle is entitled to the full use of a lane, and a motor vehicle may not be driven in any manner that deprives any motorcycle of the full use of a lane.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The operator of a motorcycle may not overtake and pass in the same lane occupied by the vehicle being overtaken.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person may not operate a motorcycle between lanes of traffic or between adjacent lines or rows of vehicles.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>Motorcycles may not be operated more than two abreast in a single lane.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1303.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <level label="a"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provisions of this title, a person may not operate a motorcycle that has a motor with a rating of 1.5 brake horsepower or less, or a capacity of less than 70 cubic centimeters piston displacement:</text> <level label="1"> <text>On a roadway where the posted maximum speed limit is more than 50 miles per hour; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>On any expressway or other controlled access highway.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Prior to the sale of such vehicle, any dealer or agent or employee of a dealer, any vehicle salesman, or other person who sells a motorcycle as defined in this subsection shall inform the buyer of the operating restrictions imposed by this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Administration may provide a warning of the operating restrictions imposed by this subsection.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1304" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <text>A person riding on any motorcycle may not attach it or himself to any other vehicle on a roadway.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1305" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <level label="a"> <text>If any motorcycle carries a passenger other than in a sidecar or enclosed cab, the motorcycle shall be equipped with footrests for the passenger.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not operate any motorcycle with handlebars more than 20 inches in height above the part of the seat occupied by the operator.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1306" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to any person riding in an enclosed cab.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An individual may not operate or ride on a motorcycle unless the individual is wearing protective headgear that meets the standards established by the Administrator.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person may not operate a motorcycle unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>He is wearing an eye-protective device of a type approved by the Administrator; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The motorcycle is equipped with a windscreen.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The Administrator:</text> <level label="1"> <text>May approve or disapprove protective headgear and eye-protective devices required by this section;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May adopt and enforce regulations establishing standards and specifications for the approval of protective headgear and eye-protective devices; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Shall publish lists of all protective headgear and eye-protective devices that he approves, by name and type.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The failure of an individual to wear protective headgear required under subsection (b) of this section may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Be considered evidence of negligence;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Be considered evidence of contributory negligence;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Limit liability of a party or an insurer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Diminish recovery for damages arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or operation of a motorcycle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection, a party, witness, or counsel may not make reference to protective headgear during a trial of a civil action that involves property damage, personal injury, or death if the damage, injury, or death is not related to the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Nothing contained in this subsection may be construed to prohibit the right of a person to institute a civil action for damages against a dealer, manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or other appropriate entity or person arising out of an incident that involves protective headgear alleged to be defectively designed, manufactured, or repaired.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>In a civil action described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph in which 2 or more parties are named as joint tort-feasors, interpleaded as defendants, or impleaded as defendants, and at least 1 of the joint tort-feasors or defendants is not involved in the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear, a court shall order on a motion of any party separate trials to accomplish the ends of justice.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1306.1" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="13" subtitle_name="Operation of Motorcycles"> <level label="a"> <text>This section does not apply to any individual riding in an enclosed cab.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An individual may not operate or ride on a moped or motor scooter unless the individual is wearing protective headgear that meets the standards provided under 49 C.F.R. § 571.218.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>An individual may not operate a moped or motor scooter unless:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The individual is wearing an eye–protective device of a type approved by the Administrator; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The moped or motor scooter is equipped with a windscreen.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>The Administrator:</text> <level label="1"> <text>May approve or disapprove protective headgear and eye–protective devices required by this section;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May adopt and enforce regulations establishing standards and specifications for the approval of protective headgear and eye–protective devices; and</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Shall publish lists of all protective headgear and eye–protective devices that the Administrator approves, by name and type.</text> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>The failure of an individual to wear protective headgear required under subsection (b) of this section may not:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Be considered evidence of negligence;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Be considered evidence of contributory negligence;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Limit liability of a party or an insurer; or</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>Diminish recovery for damages arising out of the ownership, maintenance, or operation of a moped or motor scooter.</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Subject to the provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection, a party, witness, or counsel may not make reference to protective headgear during a trial of a civil action that involves property damage, personal injury, or death if the damage, injury, or death is not related to the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <level label="i"> <text>Nothing contained in this subsection may be construed to prohibit the right of a person to institute a civil action for damages against a dealer, manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or other appropriate entity or person arising out of an incident that involves protective headgear alleged to be defectively designed, manufactured, or repaired.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>In a civil action described under subparagraph (i) of this paragraph in which two or more parties are named as joint tort–feasors, interpleaded as defendants, or impleaded as defendants, and at least one of the joint tort–feasors or defendants is not involved in the design, manufacture, supplying, or repair of protective headgear, a court shall order on a motion of any party separate trials to accomplish the ends of justice.</text> </level> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1401" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>“Approach” means any roadway, overhead structure, ramp, bridge, causeway, entrance, and exit provided as a means of access to or departure from an Authority highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>“Authority highway” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Each highway, tunnel, and bridge within the jurisdiction of the Maryland Transportation Authority; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Each approach to these highways, tunnels, and bridges.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <text>“Bridge” means any bridge within the jurisdiction of the Maryland Transportation Authority.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>“Tunnel” means:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The Baltimore Harbor Tunnel; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Any other tunnel within the jurisdiction of the Maryland Transportation Authority.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1402" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <text>Unless specifically modified or changed by this subtitle, each provision of the Maryland Vehicle Law applicable to motor vehicles on highways applies on all Authority highways.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1403" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <text>To promote safety for users of Authority highways, the Maryland Transportation Authority may adopt rules and regulations governing traffic using the Authority highways.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1404" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful sign.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful order of any authorized employee of the Authority highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful signal of any authorized employee of the Authority highway.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>Traffic using any Authority highway shall obey any lawful direction by voice, sign, or hand of any authorized employee of the Authority highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1405" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>Unless authorized by the Chairman of the Maryland Transportation Authority, pedestrians may not use any Authority highway.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Unless authorized by the Chairman of the Maryland Transportation Authority, bicycles may not use any Authority highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1406" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <text>A person may not hitchhike on any Authority highway and a motorist may not pick up or discharge any person on any Authority highway. </text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1407" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not stop, stand, or park the vehicle on any Authority highway, except:</text> <level label="1"> <text>If necessary to avoid injury or damage to any person or property;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In compliance with the lawful direction of an authorized employee of the Authority highway;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>At a designated area for the transaction of business at an Administration building; or</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If the vehicle is disabled or involved in an accident, in which case the vehicle shall be moved, if possible:</text> <level label="i"> <text>To the shoulder of the roadway;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Adjacent to the emergency walkway on a bridge; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>As otherwise directed by a patrol officer.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Notwithstanding § 25–201(b) of this article, the Maryland Transportation Authority may adopt regulations governing the removal of vehicles left unattended for 12 or more hours on any Authority highway.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1408" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>Except at the lawful direction of an authorized employee of the Authority highway, a vehicular turn may not be made in any area where turns are prohibited by signs.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except at the lawful direction of an authorized employee of the Authority highway, a vehicular turn may not be made at crossovers provided for emergency vehicles.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1409" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <text>If an Authority highway has a posted minimum speed, that minimum speed shall be maintained.</text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1410" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <text>A vehicle may not be driven on any Authority highway if the vehicle or its load exceeds the maximum weight, width, or height permitted by the regulations of the Maryland Transportation Authority for that Authority highway. </text> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1411" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>Except as allowed by the rules and regulations of the Maryland Transportation Authority and to the extent allowed by federal law, a person may not transport or knowingly cause to be transported any of the following hazardous materials across or through any Authority highway:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Combustible liquids;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Compressed gases;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Corrosive liquids;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>Explosives;</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Flammable liquids;</text> </level> <level label="6"> <text>Flammable solids;</text> </level> <level label="7"> <text>Oxidizing materials;</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>Poisonous articles; or</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>Radioactive materials.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The provisions of § 22–409 of this article shall apply to the transportation of any permitted hazardous material across or through any Authority highway.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>To secure and preserve life and property, the Maryland Transportation Authority may adopt rules and regulations to carry out the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>A person convicted of a violation of this section is subject to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>For a first offense, imprisonment not exceeding 6 months or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>For a second or subsequent offense, imprisonment not exceeding 1 year or a fine not exceeding $2,000 or both.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1412" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>Except at the direction of authorized personnel, vehicular traffic may not cross the double white lines that designate the vehicular traffic lanes in a tunnel.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>Except at the direction of authorized personnel, trucks and slow moving vehicles may be driven only in the right lane of a tunnel.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>The driver of a vehicle may not sound his horn or flash his headlights in a tunnel.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>While in a tunnel, a person may not use any cutout or other device that allows exhaust gases to escape a motor without passing through a muffler or silencer.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1413" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>A person may not fail or refuse to pay the prescribed toll at any Authority highway for which the payment of a toll is fixed.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A person may not attempt to evade the payment of the toll at any Authority highway for which the payment of a toll is fixed.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1414" future_version_removed="true" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Authority” means the Maryland Transportation Authority.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Electronic toll collection” means a system in a toll collection facility that is capable of collecting information from a motor vehicle for use in charging tolls.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Notice of toll due” or “notice” means an administrative notice of a video toll transaction.</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>“Person alleged to be liable” means:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The registered owner of a motor vehicle involved in a video toll transaction; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>A person to whom a registered owner of a motor vehicle has transferred liability for a video toll transaction in accordance with this section and the regulations of the Authority.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <text>“Recorded image” means an image of a motor vehicle passing through a toll collection facility recorded by a video monitoring system:</text> <level label="i"> <text>On:</text> <level label="1"> <text>One or more photographs, micrographs, or electronic images;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Videotape; or</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Any other medium; and</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Showing either the front or rear of the motor vehicle on at least one image or portion of tape and clearly identifying the license plate number and state of the motor vehicle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="7"> <text>“Registered owner” means, with respect to a motor vehicle, the person or persons designated as the registered owner in the records of the government agency that is responsible for motor vehicle registration.</text> </level> <level label="8"> <text>“Toll collection facility” means any point on an Authority highway where a toll is incurred and is required to be paid.</text> </level> <level label="9"> <text>“Toll violation” means the failure to pay a video toll within the time prescribed by the Authority in a notice of toll due.</text> </level> <level label="10"> <text>“Video monitoring system” means a device installed to work in conjunction with a toll collection facility that produces a recorded image when a video toll transaction occurs.</text> </level> <level label="11"> <text>“Video toll” means the amount assessed by the Authority when a video toll transaction occurs.</text> </level> <level label="12"> <text>“Video toll transaction” means any transaction in which a motor vehicle does not or did not pay a toll at the time of passage through a toll collection facility with a video monitoring system.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <level label="1"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (g) of this section, the registered owner of a motor vehicle shall be liable to the Authority for payment of a video toll as provided for in the regulations of the Authority.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Authority shall send the registered owner of a motor vehicle that has incurred a video toll a notice of toll due.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Except as provided in subsection (g) of this section, the person alleged to be liable who receives a notice of toll due shall have at least 30 days to pay the video toll.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>To mail the notice of toll due, the Authority shall use:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <level label="1"> <text>Failure of the person alleged to be liable to pay the video toll under a notice of toll due by the date stated on the notice shall constitute a toll violation subject to a civil citation and a civil penalty, which shall be assessed 15 days after the toll violation occurs, as provided for in the regulations of the Authority.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>A registered owner of a motor vehicle shall not be liable for a civil penalty imposed under this section if the operator of the motor vehicle has been convicted of failure or refusal to pay a toll under § 21–1413 of this subtitle for the same violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="d"> <level label="1"> <level label="i"> <text>The Authority or its duly authorized agent shall send a citation via first–class mail, no later than 60 days after the toll violation, to the person alleged to be liable under this section.</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>To mail the citation, the Authority or its duly authorized agent shall use:</text> <level label="1"> <text>The current mailing address on file with the Administration; or</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If a mailing address is unavailable, the current residential address on file with the Administration.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Personal service of the citation on the person alleged to be liable shall not be required, and a record of mailing kept in the ordinary course of business shall be admissible evidence of the mailing of the notice of toll due and citation.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>A citation shall contain:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The name and address of the person alleged to be liable under this section;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The license plate number and state of registration of the motor vehicle involved in the video toll transaction;</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>The location where the video toll transaction took place;</text> </level> <level label="iv"> <text>The date and time of the video toll transaction;</text> </level> <level label="v"> <text>The amount of the video toll and the date it was due as stated on the notice of toll due;</text> </level> <level label="vi"> <text>A copy of the recorded image;</text> </level> <level label="vii"> <text>A statement that the video toll was not paid before the civil penalty was assessed;</text> </level> <level label="viii"> <text>The amount of the civil penalty; and</text> </level> <level label="ix"> <text>The date by which the video toll and civil penalty must be paid.</text> </level> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A citation shall also include:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Information advising the person alleged to be liable under this section of the manner and the time in which liability alleged in the citation may be contested;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The statutory defenses described in subsection (g) of this section that were originally included in the notice of toll due; and</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>A warning that failure to pay the video toll and civil penalty, to contest liability in the manner and time prescribed, or to appear at a trial requested is an admission of liability and a waiver of available defenses, and may result in the refusal or suspension of the motor vehicle registration and referral for collection.</text> </level> </level> <level label="5"> <text>A person alleged to be liable receiving the citation for a toll violation under this section may:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Pay the video toll and the civil penalty directly to the Authority;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Request to pay the video toll and civil penalty through the installment plan under § 21–1417 of this subtitle; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Elect to stand trial for the alleged violation.</text> </level> </level> <level label="6"> <level label="i"> <text>If the person alleged to be liable under this section fails to elect to stand trial or to appear at trial after having elected to stand trial, fails to pay the prescribed video toll and civil penalty within 30 days after mailing of the citation or in accordance with an installment payment plan approved by the Authority, or is adjudicated to be liable after trial, the Authority or its duly authorized agent may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Collect the video toll and the civil penalty by any means of collection as provided by law; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Notify the Administration of the failure to pay the video toll and civil penalty in accordance with subsection (i) of this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>No additional hearing or proceeding is required before the Administration takes action with respect to the motor vehicle of the registered owner under subsection (i) of this section.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="e"> <level label="1"> <text>A certificate alleging that a toll violation occurred and that the video toll payment was not received before the civil penalty was assessed, sworn to or affirmed by a duly authorized agent of the Authority, based upon inspection of a recorded image and electronic toll collection records produced by an electronic toll collection video monitoring system shall be evidence of the facts contained therein and shall be admissible in any proceeding alleging a violation under this section without the presence or testimony of the duly authorized agent who performed the requirements under this section.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The citation, including the certificate, shall constitute prima facie evidence of liability for the toll violation and civil penalty.</text> </level> </level> <level label="f"> <text>Adjudication of liability under this section:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Shall be based upon a preponderance of evidence;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>May not be deemed a conviction of a registered owner of a motor vehicle under the Motor Vehicle Code;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>May not be made part of the registered owner’s motor vehicle operating record; and</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>May not be considered in the provision of motor vehicle insurance coverage.</text> </level> </level> <level label="g"> <level label="1"> <text>If, at the time of a video toll transaction, a motor vehicle is operated by a person other than the registered owner without the express or implied consent of the registered owner, and if the registered owner by the date stated on the notice of toll due provides the Authority or its duly authorized agent with a notarized admission by the person accepting liability which shall include that person’s name, address, and driver’s license identification number, then the person accepting liability shall be liable under this section and shall be sent a notice of toll due.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>If the registered owner is a lessor of motor vehicles, and at the time of the video toll transaction the motor vehicle involved was in the possession of a lessee, and the lessor by the date stated on the notice of toll due provides the Authority or its duly authorized agent with a copy of the lease agreement or other documentation acceptable to the Authority identifying the lessee, including the person’s name, address, and driver’s license identification number or federal employer identification number, then the lessee shall be liable under this section and shall be sent a notice of toll due.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>If the motor vehicle involved in a video toll transaction is operated using a dealer or transporter registration plate, and at the time of the video toll transaction the motor vehicle was under the custody and control of a person other than the owner of the dealer or transporter registration plate, and if the owner of the dealer or transporter registration plate by the date stated on the notice of toll due provides to the Authority or its duly authorized agent a copy of the contractual agreement or other documentation acceptable to the Authority identifying the person, including the person’s name, address, and driver’s license identification number, who had custody and control over the motor vehicle at the time of the video toll transaction, then that person and not the owner of the dealer or transporter registration plate shall be liable under this section and shall be sent a notice of toll due.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>If a motor vehicle or registration plate number is reported to a law enforcement agency as stolen at the time of the video toll transaction, and the registered owner by the date stated on the notice of toll due provides to the Authority or its duly authorized agent a copy of the police report substantiating that the motor vehicle was stolen at the time of the video toll transaction, then the registered owner of the motor vehicle is not liable under this section.</text> </level> </level> <level label="h"> <level label="1"> <text>The Authority may refer a delinquent account for unpaid video tolls and associated civil penalties to the Central Collection Unit for collection.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The Authority may recall a delinquent account from the Central Collection Unit if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The delinquent account exceeds $300 in unpaid video tolls and associated civil penalties;</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The video tolls in question were assessed within a 30–day period; or</text> </level> <level label="iii"> <text>Mitigating factors exist with respect to the assessment of the unpaid video tolls and associated civil penalties, as determined by the Authority.</text> </level> </level> <level label="3"> <text>Notwithstanding any other provision of law, until the Authority refers the debt to the Central Collection Unit or after the Authority has recalled a delinquent account from the Central Collection Unit, the Authority:</text> <level label="i"> <text>May waive any portion of the video toll due or civil penalty assessed under this section; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Shall:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Waive the civil penalty associated with a video toll on payment of the video toll in accordance with the Authority’s Customer Assistance Plan as approved on February 24, 2022; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Reimburse any civil penalty paid in error under the Plan.</text> </level> </level> </level> </level> <level label="i"> <level label="1"> <text>The Administration shall refuse or suspend the registration of a motor vehicle that incurs a toll violation under this section if:</text> <level label="i"> <text>The Maryland Transportation Authority notifies the Administration that a registered owner of the motor vehicle has been served with a citation in accordance with this section and has failed to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Pay the video toll and the civil penalty for the toll violation by the date specified in the citation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Contest liability for the toll violation by the date identified and in the manner specified in the citation; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>The Maryland Transportation Authority or the District Court notifies the Administration that a person who elected to contest liability for a toll violation under this section has failed to:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Appear for trial or has been determined to be guilty of the toll violation; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Pay the video toll and civil penalty.</text> </level> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>In conjunction with the Maryland Transportation Authority, the Administration may adopt regulations and develop procedures to carry out the refusal or suspension of a registration under this subsection.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>The procedures in this subsection are in addition to any other penalty provided by law for a toll violation under this section.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>This subsection may be applied to enforce a reciprocal agreement entered into by the State and another jurisdiction in accordance with § 21–1415 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1415" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <text>The Maryland Transportation Authority in consultation with the Administrator may enter into an agreement with another jurisdiction that provides for reciprocal enforcement of toll violations between the State and the other jurisdiction.</text> </level> <level label="b"> <text>An agreement made under this section shall provide that drivers and vehicles licensed in the State, while operating on the highways of another jurisdiction, shall receive benefits, privileges, and exemptions of a similar kind with regard to toll enforcement as are extended to drivers and vehicles licensed or registered in the other jurisdiction while operated in the State.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A reciprocal agreement under this section may provide for enforcement of toll violations by refusal or suspension of the registration of a motor vehicle in accordance with § 21–1414 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1416" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Authority” means the Maryland Transportation Authority.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“E–ZPass account” means a financial relationship between the Authority and a person who agrees to abide by the terms and conditions established for the electronic collection of tolls.</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>“Transponder” means a device that is designed to transmit information used to collect tolls and is associated with a particular account.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>A holder of an E–ZPass account may:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Report a theft of a transponder associated with the E–ZPass account to a local law enforcement agency and the Authority within 2 weeks of the first account statement after the theft; and</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Identify any unauthorized charges to the holder’s E–ZPass account and report the unauthorized charges to the Authority for verification.</text> </level> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A holder of an E–ZPass account who reports the theft of a transponder in accordance with this section is not responsible for unauthorized toll charges:</text> <level label="1"> <text>If the Authority:</text> <level label="i"> <text>Identifies the individual who unlawfully used the transponder; and</text> </level> <level label="ii"> <text>Collects the proper toll charges from the individual; or</text> </level> </level> <level label="2"> <text>Incurred after the date the theft was reported to the Authority.</text> </level> </level> </section> <section article="gtr" article_name="Transportation" number="21-1417" title_number="21" title_name="Vehicle Laws -- Rules of the Road" subtitle_number="14" subtitle_name="Operation of Vehicles on Certain Toll Facilities"> <level label="a"> <level label="1"> <text>In this section the following words have the meanings indicated.</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>“Program” means the installment payment plan program established under this section.</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>“Video toll” has the meaning stated in § 21–1414 of this subtitle.</text> </level> </level> <level label="b"> <text>The Authority shall establish an installment payment plan program.</text> </level> <level label="c"> <text>A person that accumulates unpaid video tolls and civil penalties under this subtitle of at least $300 may apply to participate in the program.</text> </level> <level label="d"> <text>If a person enters into an installment payment plan under this section and fails to pay the outstanding video tolls and civil penalties in accordance with the payment plan, the Authority may refer the amount of the unpaid video tolls and civil penalties to the Central Collection Unit of the Department of Budget and Management.</text> </level> <level label="e"> <text>The Authority shall adopt regulations to establish:</text> <level label="1"> <text>Eligibility and verification requirements for the program;</text> </level> <level label="2"> <text>The number and type of installment payment options available under the program;</text> </level> <level label="3"> <text>An application process for participation in the program;</text> </level> <level label="4"> <text>A process for reporting a person who fails to make required installment payments in a timely manner in accordance with the person’s payment plan; and</text> </level> <level label="5"> <text>Any other regulations necessary to administer the program.</text> </level> </level> </section>