In the general interest of the public, these standards are promulgated to set forth the minimum acceptable level of performance to be exercised by all individuals practicing professional land surveying and property line surveying in Maryland. If anything contained in these regulations conflicts with other federal or State requirements, the more stringent requirements shall be followed. In this chapter, the following terms have the meanings indicated. Terms Defined. “Accurate and precise location” means a description of the position of a feature, object, or boundary that meets or exceeds the positional tolerance. “As-constructed survey” has the meaning stated in Regulation .07 of this chapter. “Authoritative” means the process of surveying which results in an accurately and precisely established location of a feature, object, or boundary. “Bench mark” means an identifiable stable reference point established as a record for future use or reestablishment of the elevation datum of a survey requiring vertical data. “Boundary survey” has the meaning stated in Regulation .03 of this chapter. “Certification entity” means an entity acceptable to the Board, as stated in Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-301(b)(4), Annotated Code of Maryland, including, but not limited to, the following entities: American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing; GIS Certification Institute; United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation; and National Society of Professional Surveyors. “Consumer” means a property owner or a prospective property owner, as the case may be, for whose benefit surveying services are performed. “Date” means the date of the latest field work. “Licensee” means: A professional land surveyor as stated in Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-101(l), Annotated Code of Maryland; or A licensed property line surveyor as stated in Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-101(g), Annotated Code of Maryland. “Metes and bounds description” has the meaning stated in Regulation .08 of this chapter. “Monument” means an identifiable object or marker which physically identifies the location of property division lines or other survey points on the ground. “Planimetric survey” has the meaning stated in Regulation .05 of this chapter. “Plat” means a drawing prepared at an appropriate scale to show the results of the findings and conclusions of a survey. “Positional tolerance” means the maximum allowable relative positional precision of 0.07 feet (or 2 centimeters) plus 50 parts per million, based on the direct distance between the two survey markers or monuments, as applicable. “Qualifying activity” means an activity which: Is acceptable to the Board; Is offered by a certification entity; and Has content areas related to the utilization of measurement devices or systems for the purpose of determining topography or contours. “Relative positional precision” means the length of the semi-major axis expressed in feet or meters, of the error ellipse representing the uncertainty due to random errors in measurements used to control surveys in the location of the property evidence, marking any corner of the surveyed property relative to the property evidence, and marking any other corner of the surveyed property at the 95 percent confidence level (two standard deviations). “Right of way/easement survey” has the meaning stated in Regulation .09 of this chapter. “Special purpose survey” has the meaning stated in Regulation .10 of this chapter. “Survey” means the process of conducting research, performing field measurements and observations, and applying mathematical principles to determine or obtain the data necessary to record, display, or indicate, or all of these, land boundaries, land areas, and the position and characteristics of any natural or artificial, or both, features on or near the surface of the earth. “Survey marker” means, within the meaning of COMAR 09.13.03, an identifiable point, object, or mark which physically identifies the location of any point utilized or established to fix the position of a survey control station. “Surveyor” means: A professional land surveyor as stated in Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-101(l), Annotated Code of Maryland; A licensed property line surveyor as stated in Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-101(g), Annotated Code of Maryland; or An individual otherwise authorized to practice professional land surveying or property line surveying under Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-303, Annotated Code of Maryland. “Topographic survey” has the meaning stated in Regulation .04 of this chapter. “Witness monument” means an identifiable point, object, or marker offset from the position of a survey marker, boundary point, or line which is used for the purpose of identifying the position of the survey marker, boundary point, or point on line through the use of distance measurements or angular measurements, or both. Purpose. The boundary survey is a means of marking boundaries for sufficient definition and identification to uniquely locate each lot, parcel, or tract. The purpose of a boundary survey is to establish, reestablish, or describe, or all of these, the physical position and extent of the boundaries of real property. Result. Unless otherwise directed by the party requesting the survey, sufficient monuments or reference control points which were used to determine the property lines shall be: Set or recovered on the ground, to the extent feasible; and Shown on a plat upon completion of the boundary survey so that the property lines can be determined or readily reestablished. Research and Investigation. The surveyor shall be provided by the party requesting the survey with copies of public records and private records, if any, in sufficient scope and depth that a surveyor of ordinary prudence and skill may consider in identifying with reasonable certainty the following: The location of the property's record boundaries, so long as the information exists in the public records and is properly indexed; and Conflicting record property boundary line locations which may differently locate the property's boundaries. The surveyor shall make a reasonable effort to identify, locate, and review private survey records which are cited in the provided public records and which may: Be material in locating the property's boundaries, Have the potential for disclosing conflicting descriptions of the property's boundaries, or Affect the location of the property's boundaries. Monumentation. In providing appropriate monumentation for boundary surveys, a surveyor shall comply with the minimum standards for survey markers set forth in COMAR 09.13.03. Field Procedures. Field measurements shall be made by methods that will provide the precision required by this regulation. Observable physical evidence, including boundary, possession, visible encroachments, and visible indications of rights, including evidence of recorded servitudes or those that may be acquired by prescription or adverse possession, shall be located. Plats. An original plat of a boundary survey shall be a reproducible drawing at a suitable scale, clearly indicating the results of the field work, computations, research, and record information, as compiled, checked, and analyzed. A plat shall be prepared in conformity with the following procedures: A reasonably stable and durable drawing paper, linen, or film of reproducible quality, is considered suitable material for boundary survey plats; Plats may not be smaller than 8-1/2 x 11 inches; Dimensions, bearings, or angles, including sufficient data to define curves, shall be neatly and legibly shown with respect to each property boundary line; Markers shall be labeled as “found” or “set”, with a brief description of the marker and relevant reference markers, if any, along with their spatial relationship to the subject corner; Relevant natural or artificial visible features shall be labeled, dimensioned, and referenced to the nearest property boundary line or represented by a symbol on the plat in its proper location, and each symbol shall clearly indicate what is represented or shall be labeled for identification either individually or in a separate key to symbols; Plats shall show a north arrow; A statement indicating the origin and method of determination of the bearings or coordinate system shall be made on a plat, and shall include one of the following: A reference to true north, as determined by astronomic observation; A reference to the Maryland Coordinate System with the controlling stations and a combination factor comprised of an elevation factor and a scale factor noted; A reference to a local coordinate system with the controlling stations listed; A reference to the record bearing of a well-established line found monumented on the ground, as called for in a relevant deed or plat; or If the above alternatives in this paragraph are not practical, a dated magnetic bearing may be used; If separate intricate details or inserts are required for clarity, they shall be properly referenced to the portion of the plat where they apply, particularly in areas where: Lines of occupation do not conform to the deed lines; and A comparison of adjoining properties' deed descriptions indicates the existence of a gap or an overlap; Cemeteries and burial grounds found by the surveyor within the premises being surveyed shall be noted on the plat; All relevant evidence of monuments found beyond the subject tract, on which establishment of the corners of the subject tract are dependent, and their application related to the survey shall be indicated; Different line weights or delineating letters or numbers shall be used to clearly show the limits of the survey; and Evidence of any easements, servitudes, or uses burdening the surveyed property, whether or not disclosed in the record documents provided to the surveyor, observed in the process of conducting the survey. In addition to the criteria set forth in §F(2) of this regulation, each plat shall show the following: Caption or title and general location of the property or a vicinity map; Scale; Date; Land area; Name and address of the surveyor or firm; A statement to the effect that a licensee either personally prepared a boundary survey or was in responsible charge over its preparation and the surveying work reflected in it, all in compliance with requirements set forth in Regulation .12 of this chapter; and Seal and signature of the surveyor who personally prepared or was in responsible charge over the preparation of the boundary survey. Accuracy Standards. The maximum allowable relative positional precision for boundary surveys shall be 0.07 feet (or 2 centimeters) plus 50 parts per million, based on the direct distance between the two corners being tested. The surveyor shall ascertain that the positional uncertainties resulting from the survey measurements do not exceed the allowable relative positional precision. If the size or configuration of the property to be surveyed or the relief, vegetation, or improvements on the property will result in survey measurements for which the relative positional precision will exceed the allowable amount, the surveyor shall add a note to a survey explaining the site conditions that necessitated the deviation from the relative positional precision. The surveyor shall, to the extent necessary to achieve the standards set forth in §G of this regulation, compensate or correct for systematic errors, including those associated with instrument calibration. The surveyor shall use appropriate error propagation and other measurement design theory to select the proper instruments, field procedures, geometric layouts, and computational procedures to control and adjust random errors to achieve the allowable relative positional precision tolerance. Purpose. The purpose of a topographic survey is to locate, describe, or map, or all of these, the elevations and positions of the physical features and characteristics of the surface of the earth including spot elevations, contours, and other features. Result. The results of a topographic survey shall clearly show the results of the field and office work and shall be presented, depending on the type of professional services requested, in the form of: A plat; A worksheet; Raw data; or Adjusted data. Plats are intended for a release as stand-alone products. Worksheets and raw data are intended as components to be included in other surveying or engineering documents and are not intended as stand-alone products. Worksheets and raw data are not required to comply with this regulation. Field Procedures. Field work shall be performed in accordance with accepted surveying theory, practice, and procedures as specified in this section. A surveyor in responsible charge shall adhere to the following procedures: The vertical datum of a topographic survey shall run from a known bench mark, if possible, or as otherwise specified in the scope of survey services for the project; A closed level loop, where practical, shall run through or include a second established bench mark to confirm the vertical datum; A minimum of one bench mark shall be established on or near the surveyed site; Topographic data may be obtained based on an assumed vertical datum, if the base elevation of the datum is obviously different than the existing datum, and if the final document clearly indicates that the data was obtained based on an assumed vertical datum; and Field data satisfying the requirements of these regulations shall be gathered, and the surveyor shall make a reasonable effort to maintain the data. Plats. An original plat of a topographic survey shall be a reproducible drawing at a suitable scale clearly indicating the results of the field work, computations, research, and record information as compiled, checked, and analyzed. A plat shall be prepared in conformity with the following procedures: A reasonably stable and durable drawing paper, linen, or film of reproducible quality is considered suitable material for topographic survey plats; Plats may not be smaller than 8-1/2 X 11 inches; The source of the vertical datum shall be noted on the plat; Relevant natural or artificial visible features shall be labeled and represented by a symbol on the plat in its proper location, and each symbol shall clearly indicate what is being represented or shall be labeled for identification either individually or in a separate key to symbols; Plats shall show a north arrow; A statement indicating the source of the bearings shall be made on the plat; The source of a coordinate system, if used on the plat, shall be identified; A description and the elevation of a minimum of two bench marks established on or near the site for the survey shall be indicated on the plat; Cemeteries and burial grounds found by the surveyor within the premises being surveyed shall be noted on the plat; Different line weights or delineating letters or numbers shall be used to clearly show the limits of the survey; and Spot elevations shall be shown in accordance with vertical accuracy standards as specified in §E(3) of this regulation. In addition to the criteria set forth in §D(2) of this regulation, the plat shall show the following: Caption or title and general location of the property or a vicinity map; Scale; Date; Name and address of the firm or surveyor; A statement to the effect that a licensee either personally prepared a topographic survey or was in responsible charge over its preparation and the surveying work reflected in it, all in compliance with requirements set forth in Regulation .12 of this chapter; and Seal and signature of the surveyor who personally prepared or was in responsible charge over the preparation of the topographic survey. Tolerances. Horizontal tolerances for topographic mapping shall meet the following accuracy standards of this subsection. On maps with publication scales larger than 1:20,000, not more than 10 percent of the points tested shall be in error by more than 1/30 inch, measured on the publication scale, and on maps with publication scales of 1:20,000 or smaller, 1/50 inch. These limits of accuracy shall apply in all cases to positions of well-defined points only. Well defined points are those that are easily visible or recoverable on the ground, such as monuments or markers, including: Bench marks; Property boundary monuments; Intersections of roads; Railroads; Corners of large buildings; and Other similar points. In general, what is well defined may also be determined by what is plottable on the scale of the map within 1/100 inch. Vertical tolerances for topographic mapping shall meet the accuracy standards of this subsection. Vertical accuracy, as applied to contour maps on all publication scales, shall be such that not more than 10 percent of the elevations tested shall be in error more than 1/2 the contour interval. In checking elevations taken from the map, the apparent vertical error may be decreased by assuming a horizontal displacement within the permissible horizontal error for a map of that scale. Exemptions. Individuals who successfully completed the qualifying activity, as defined in Regulation.02B(15) of this chapter, from the certification entity, as defined in Regulation .02B(6) of this chapter, are permitted to produce topographic surveys. Purpose. The purpose of a planimetric survey is to locate, describe, or map, or all of these, the horizontal positions of the physical features and characteristics of the surface of the earth and other features. Result. The results of a planimetric survey shall clearly show the results of the field and office work, and shall be presented, depending on the type of professional services requested, in the form of: A plat; A worksheet; Raw data; or Adjusted data. Plats are intended for a release as stand-alone products. Worksheets and raw data are intended as components to be included in other surveying or engineering documents and are not intended as stand-alone products. Worksheets and raw data are not required to comply with this regulation. Field Procedures. Field work shall be performed in accordance with accepted surveying theory, practice, and procedures specified in this section. Field data satisfying the requirements of these regulations shall be gathered, and the surveyor shall make a reasonable effort to maintain the data. Plats. An original plat of a planimetric survey shall be a reproducible drawing at a suitable scale clearly indicating the results of the field work, computations, research, and record information, as compiled, checked, and analyzed. The plat shall be prepared in conformity with the following procedures: A reasonably stable and durable drawing paper, linen, or film of reproducible quality is considered suitable material for planimetric survey drawings; Plats may not be smaller than 8-1/2 X 11 inches; Relevant natural or artificial visible features shall be labeled and represented by a symbol on the plat in its proper location, and each symbol shall clearly indicate what is being represented or shall be labeled for identification either individually or in a separate key to symbols; The plat shall show a north arrow; A statement indicating the source of the bearings shall be made on the plat; The source of a coordinate system, if used on the plat, shall be identified; Cemeteries and burial grounds found by the surveyor within the premises being surveyed shall be noted on the plat; and Different line weights or delineating letters or numbers shall be used to clearly show the limited of the survey. In addition to the criteria set forth in §D(2) of this regulation, the plat shall show the following: Caption or title and general location of the property or a vicinity map; Scale; Date; Name and address of the firm or surveyor; A statement to the effect that a licensee either personally prepared a planimetric survey or was in responsible charge over its preparation and the surveying work reflected in it, all in compliance with requirements set forth in Regulation .12 of this chapter; and Seal and signature of the surveyor who personally prepared or was in responsible charge over the preparation of the planimetric survey. Tolerances. Horizontal tolerances for planimetric mapping shall meet the accuracy standards of this subsection. On maps with publication scales larger than 1:20,000, not more than 10 percent of the points tested shall be in error by more than 1/30 inch, measured on the publication scale, and on maps with publication scales of 1:20,000 or smaller, 1/50 inch. These limits of accuracy shall apply in all cases to positions of well-defined points only. Well-defined points are those that are easily visible or recoverable on the ground, such as the following monuments or markers, including: Property boundary monuments; Intersections of roads; Railroads; Corners of large buildings; and Other similar points. In general, what is well defined may also be determined by what is plottable on the scale of the map within 1/100 inch. Purpose. The purpose of a location drawing is to locate, describe, and represent the positions of buildings or other visible improvements affecting the subject property. Result. The location drawing shall delineate the subject property and the location of the buildings and other visible improvements on the property. Location drawings do not include foundation certifications or wall checks. Approval by the Consumer and Disclosures. The surveyor may not accept compensation pursuant to this regulation until the surveyor receives a signed approval form as described in this section. A surveyor is presumed to have received the approval form, if it is delivered to the surveyor by the following means: Personal delivery; Regular, registered, or certified mail, return receipt requested; or Facsimile device or email transmission capable of producing a tangible record of delivery. The approval form shall be sufficient if it is signed by the consumer, whether one or more, with respect to the property for which services pursuant to this regulation are sought. The approval form shall contain at least the following statements: Upon receipt of an approval form which complies with this section and upon complying with Regulation .12A of this chapter, the surveyor shall perform the services approved by the consumer. If the consumer requests a boundary survey which includes a location drawing, the survey shall be consistent with the provisions set forth in Regulation .03 of this chapter and the requirements set forth in §D(5) of this regulation. If the consumer approves the preparation of a location drawing, the surveyor shall perform at least the following procedures: Examine the current deed to and recorded plat, if any, of the subject parcel; and Take sufficient on-site measurements to enable the surveyor to perform the tasks called for by this regulation with regard to the: Approximate locations of buildings and those other improvements referenced in this regulation, Possible encroachments reasonably determined based on a visual inspection, and A flood hazard zone, if requested. If, in connection with the preparation of a location drawing, a surveyor finds evidence to warrant, in the surveyor's professional opinion, the performance of a boundary survey, the surveyor shall so notify the consumer. Disclosures. If the consumer, pursuant to this regulation, has approved a location drawing, the plat prepared by the surveyor shall prominently display, at a minimum, advice to the effect that the plat: Is of benefit to a consumer only insofar as it is required by a lender or a title insurance company or its agent in connection with contemplated transfer, financing, or refinancing; Is not to be relied upon for the establishment or location of fences, garages, buildings, or other existing or future improvements; and Does not provide for the accurate identification of property boundary lines, but this identification may not be required, for the transfer of title or securing financing or refinancing. The statements under this regulation may be written on a separate page, if the: Separate page is stapled or otherwise permanently affixed to the plat; and Page containing the plat bears a prominent statement to the effect that the advice is an integral part of the plat, and is to be found on the affixed page. If the consumer, pursuant to this regulation, has approved a location drawing, the following shall be shown: Significant buildings, structures, and other improvements, in their approximate relationship to the apparent property lines reflected in the deed, based on the field measurements taken by the surveyor, and any other evidence considered by the surveyor; Statement with regard to the level of accuracy of distances to apparent property lines; and Possible encroachments to the extent reasonably determined by a visual inspection of the property either way across property lines. Approval Form Plats. The original plat of a location drawing shall be a reproducible drawing at a scale which clearly shows the results of the field work, computations, research, and record information, as compiled, checked, and analyzed. The plat shall be prepared in accordance with the following procedures: A reasonably stable and durable drawing paper, linen, or film is considered a suitable material; Plats may not be smaller than 8-1/2 × 11 inches; Plats shall show a north arrow; A statement indicating the source of the bearings shall be made on the plat; and The source of a coordinate system, if used on the plat, shall be identified. In addition to the criteria set forth in §D(2) of this regulation, the plat shall show the following: Caption or title and address of the property or a vicinity map; Scale; Date; Name and address of the firm or surveyor; A statement to the effect that a licensee either personally prepared a location drawing or was in responsible charge over its preparation and the surveying work reflected in it, all in compliance with requirements set forth in Regulation .12 of this chapter; and Seal and signature of the surveyor who personally prepared or was in responsible charge over the preparation of the location drawing. General. At the time the surveyor performs as-constructed, sometimes referred to as an as-built, or record surveys, the surveyor shall obtain field measurements of vertical or horizontal dimensions, or both, of constructed improvements. The constructed improvements located by the survey shall be shown by symbols, notations, or delineations and shall be so certified. All plats prepared shall meet these minimum technical standards as applicable. Accuracy. The horizontal or vertical accuracy, or both, shall permit the determination of whether the position of visible constructed improvements encroach upon adjoining properties or whether they are properly placed on the subject property, in rights-of-way, or in easements provided. The vertical accuracy or horizontal accuracy, or both, shall be such that it may be determined whether the position of visible improvements is in accordance with the plans or other documents as approved by appropriate jurisdictions. A statement to the effect that a licensee either personally prepared the as-constructed or record survey or was in responsible charge over its preparation and the surveying work reflected in it, all in compliance with requirements set forth in Regulation .12 of this chapter; and Seal and signature of the surveyor who personally prepared or was in responsible charge over the preparation of the as-constructed or record survey. Purpose. The purpose of a metes and bounds description is to create a written legal description of the subject tract of land that provides information necessary to properly locate the property on the ground and distinctly set it apart from all other properties. Result. A metes and bounds description shall indicate the general location of the property by: Naming the particular lot or block, or other acceptable identification within which it is located, if the property is located in a subdivision; or By reference to the deed for the parcel being described, and information with regard to tax or election district, county, and state. The description shall also logically compile and incorporate calls for the following: Courses and distances with a statement regarding the basis of bearing; Adjoining record title lines, and rights-of-way as appropriate; and Statement of the subject land area. The point of beginning shall be carefully chosen and described in a manner which will distinguish it indisputably from any other point. Curved boundaries shall include sufficient data to define the curve, including the direction of curve, radius, arc length, chord bearing, and chord length. The description shall also include the identification of nontangent curves. If a metes and bounds description is based upon a boundary survey performed in accordance with Regulation .03 of this chapter, sufficient monuments or reference control points which were used to determine the property lines shall be called in the metes and bounds description. The metes and bounds description shall contain a statement to the effect that a licensee either personally prepared a metes and bounds description or was in responsible charge over its preparation and the surveying work reflected in it, all in compliance with requirements set forth in Regulation .12 of this chapter. The metes and bounds description shall be signed and sealed by a surveyor who personally prepared or was in responsible charge over the preparation of the metes and bounds description. General. A right-of-way/easement survey is a means of obtaining, reporting, or displaying, or all of these, the necessary data to establish or reestablish the location of sufficient property lines of the affected tract of land to assure the accurate location of the strip or parcel of land being described for the use and benefit of others. Result. A right-of-way/easement survey shall result in the establishment of the location of lines, areas, if needed, and other relevant data. The surveyor is not required to set markers on a right-of-way/easement survey, unless required by a party requesting surveying services. Compliance. In performing the right-of-way/easement survey, the surveyor shall comply with all terms, conditions, standards, and procedures that are set forth in Regulation .03 of this chapter, except as may be otherwise modified by this regulation, or by the State, its instrumentalities, or any public or corporate body having the power of eminent domain. A statement to the effect that a licensee either personally prepared the right-of-way or easement survey or was in responsible charge over its preparation and the surveying work reflected in it, all in compliance with requirements set forth in Regulation .12 of this chapter. Seal and signature of the surveyor who personally prepared or was in responsible charge of the preparation of the right-of-way/easement survey. General. A survey not previously defined in these regulations is classified as a special purpose survey and is permitted. The purpose and conditions of this survey shall be clearly shown on the survey plats. A survey performed in accordance with this regulation may not be construed to constitute a variance from these standards. Special Conditions. If special conditions exist that effectively prevent the survey from meeting the minimum standards set forth in this chapter, the special conditions and any necessary deviation from the standards shall be noted on the plat. It is a violation of regulations in this chapter to use special conditions to circumvent the intent and purpose of the minimum standards set forth in this chapter. Information Purposes. Copies of a plat provided for informational purposes only may be issued without the signature or seal, or both, of the surveyor in responsible charge when it is clearly shown that the plat is invalid without the signature or seal. It is a violation of the regulations of this chapter to use this section to circumvent the intent and purpose of the minimum standards set forth in this chapter. The surveyor shall comply with all applicable federal, State, and local requirements related to the preparation of site plans, road and street plans, subdivision plans and plats, condominium plats, foundation certifications, wall checks, sediment and erosion control plans, storm drain plans, stormwater management design plans, and any other surveying work products. Before undertaking the performance of professional services for which payment or other consideration is expected, a surveyor or a duly authorized agent of the surveyor shall discuss at least the following with the requesting party: The type of survey required; The limits to be surveyed; The specific survey services to be provided; An approximate completion time schedule; and An agreement for payment. For mutual protection, it is encouraged that a written agreement be executed by both parties. The agreement may be in the form of a memorandum, services letter, confirmation of work ordered, or any other mutually acceptable form. The agreement may also establish the extent and limitations of the surveyor's responsibilities. If previously unknown factors are discovered during work that significantly affects either cost or completion schedule, the surveyor shall immediately notify the party responsible for the payment of the cost of the surveying services. The surveyor shall make a reasonable effort to maintain adequate records, including names or initials of all personnel, dates of service, references to field data, such as book number, loose-leaf pages, and other relevant data. A licensee may not sign or seal surveys, plats, drawings, certificates, or other professional documents unless the licensee personally prepared the documents or the documents were prepared under the licensee's responsible charge. Licensee In Responsible Charge. A licensee shall be considered to be in responsible charge within the meaning of Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-101(n), Annotated Code of Maryland, if the licensee: Has authority to make necessary revisions to surveying documents during their preparation by the licensee's employees or other subordinates; Provides a detailed review and personal inspection of surveying documents; and Has authority to direct the surveying tasks and provides actual direction of the specific surveying tasks performed. A licensee in responsible charge shall be readily available to the licensee's employees or other subordinates on a reasonable basis to provide personal direction and direct control, as necessary and appropriate. By signing and sealing surveying documents, a licensee assumes full responsibility for the preparation of the surveying documents described in this chapter and for the accuracy and adequacy of the surveying work reflected in the documents. When signing and sealing surveying documents, a licensee shall indicate the license expiration date on the documents before submitting them in accordance with requirements set forth in Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-502(a), Annotated Code of Maryland, and shall contain the following statement: “Professional Certification. I hereby declare that these documents were prepared or approved by me or under my responsible charge, and that I am a duly licensed land surveyor under the laws of the State of Maryland, License No._____, and License Expiration Date: _______________.” Types of Signatures. A surveyor may sign surveying documents by one of the following methods: A handwritten signature in permanent ink containing the name of person who applied it; or For electronic or digital documents, an electronic authentication process attached to or logically associated with the document. A digital signature described in §J(1)(b) of this regulation shall satisfy the following criteria: It must contain an identification unique to a licensee using it, such as the licensee’s name and license number; It must be under the exclusive control of the licensee using it; It must be verifiable; and It must be linked to the document in such a manner that any subsequent modifications to the document after the digital signature is appended to it will result in the document no longer being prepared or approved by the licensee. Nothing in this regulation is intended to modify any of the requirements set forth in §I of this regulation. Violation of the minimum standards of practice by a professional land surveyor or a property line surveyor shall constitute grounds for disciplinary actions under Business Occupations and Professions Article, Title 15, Annotated Code of Maryland. The Board shall undertake a periodic review of the minimum standards of practice set forth in these regulations to assure their accuracy and completeness and shall make those changes, if any, it deems appropriate. Business Occupations and Professions Article, §15-208(b)(4), Annotated Code of Maryland Effective date: December 1, 1994 (21:22 Md. R. 1875) Annotation: Regulations .01—.10, which were adopted effective December 1, 1994, can be found at 21:21 Md. R. 1875 and 21:11 Md. R. 958. Judicial action stayed the effectiveness of these regulations. Maryland Society of Surveyors et al. v. William A. Fogle et al., Case No. 94314037/CE 188625, Circuit Court for Baltimore City. A consent order, dated January 27, 1995, required the repeal of these regulations without taking effect. The consent order included new regulations to be adopted. Regulations .01—.10 repealed and new Regulations .01—.14 adopted as an emergency provision effective March 1, 1995 (22:5 Md. R. 364); adopted permanently effective June 5, 1995 (22:11 Md. R. 820) Regulation .03A, F amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .04 amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .05D amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .06A, D, E amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .08 amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .10C amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .11 amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .12A, D amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Regulation .13 amended effective February 10, 1997 (24:3 Md. R. 186) Chapter revised effective August 1, 2005 (32:15 Md. R. 1320) Regulation .02B amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569); December 12, 2022 (49:25 Md. R. 1049) Regulation .03 amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .04 amended effective December 12, 2022 (49:25 Md. R. 1049) Regulation .04B, D amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .05 amended effective December 12, 2022 (49:25 Md. R. 1049) Regulation .05B, D amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .06 amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .07C repealed effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .07 amended effective August 4, 2025 (52:15 Md. R. 811) Regulation .08B amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .09B amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .09 amended effective August 4, 2025 (52:15 Md. R. 811) Regulation .10D repealed effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .12 amended effective January 5, 2015 (41:26 Md. R. 1569) Regulation .12H adopted effective June 13, 2011 (38:12 Md. R. 704) Regulation .12I amended effective August 4, 2025 (52:15 Md. R. 811) Regulation .12J amended effective August 27, 2018 (45:17 Md. R. 802)