This chapter establishes the requirements for: Physician reporting of a: Case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); and Birth of an infant whose mother has tested positive for HIV; Institution reporting of a case of HIV or AIDS; Laboratory reporting of a test result for: HIV detection; HIV viral load; CD4+ cell count or percentage; or HIV genotype sequence; and Follow-up of: A physician's report of HIV or AIDS; A physician's report of an infant whose mother has tested positive for HIV; An institution's report of HIV or AIDS; and A laboratory’s report of a test result for: HIV detection; HIV viral load; CD4+ cell count or percentage; or HIV genotype sequence infection or CD4+ count. Except as noted in §C of this regulation, this chapter applies to all instances of laboratory testing of specimens from a human body for: HIV detection; HIV viral load; CD4+ cell count or percentage; or HIV genotype sequence. This chapter does not apply if the specimen from a human body is: Not tested for: HIV detection; HIV viral load; CD4+ cell count or percentage; or HIV genotype sequence; Tested for HIV detection solely for the purpose of determining the suitability of the source individual as a prospective donor of blood, semen, or tissue; Taken from a patient at a designated anonymous HIV test site solely for the purpose of performing an anonymous HIV test; Tested for HIV detection as part of research conducted by an institution within Maryland under the following conditions: All personal identifiers are removed from the specimen before testing; The specimen cannot be linked to the individual from whom the specimen was taken; The result cannot be linked to the individual from whom the specimen was taken; and The research protocol has been approved by an institutional review board; Tested for HIV detection as part of research conducted under a research protocol approved by an institutional review board of an institution located outside of Maryland; Taken from a patient known to reside outside of the United States; or Tested for HIV detection as part of a research project that has been approved under Regulation .02 of this chapter for an exemption.