<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<regulation prefix="Regulation" num=".02" citation="COMAR 10.27.09.02" title_num="10" subtitle_num="27" chapter_num="09" heading="Standards of Care.">
  <paragraph num="A.">
    <text>Assessment.</text>
    <paragraph num="(1)">
      <text>The RN shall collect client health data.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(2)">
      <text>Measurement Criteria.</text>
      <paragraph num="(a)">
        <text>Data collection shall involve the client, family, significant others, other members of the health care team, and the health record, when appropriate.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(b)">
        <text>Data may include the following dimensions:</text>
        <paragraph num="(i)">
          <text>Physical;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ii)">
          <text>Psychological;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iii)">
          <text>Sociocultural;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iv)">
          <text>Spiritual;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(v)">
          <text>Cognitive;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(vi)">
          <text>Functional abilities;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(vii)">
          <text>Developmental;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(viii)">
          <text>Economic;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ix)">
          <text>Technology; and</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(x)">
          <text>Life-style.</text>
        </paragraph>
      </paragraph>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(3)">
      <text>Priority of data collection is determined by the client's immediate condition or needs, health status, and setting.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(4)">
      <text>Pertinent data shall be collected using appropriate assessment techniques.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(5)">
      <text>Data collection shall include a technology assessment.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(6)">
      <text>The data collection process shall be comprehensive, systematic, and ongoing.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(7)">
      <text>Relevant health status data, including changes, shall be documented in an authorized record which is accessible and in a retrievable form.</text>
    </paragraph>
  </paragraph>
  <paragraph num="B.">
    <text>Analysis and Nursing Diagnosis.</text>
    <paragraph num="(1)">
      <text>The RN shall analyze the assessment data in determining nursing diagnoses.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(2)">
      <text>Measurement Criteria.</text>
      <paragraph num="(a)">
        <text>The RN shall analyze the data, consider the options, including technology, and make a determination as to whether the selected options are appropriate for the needs of the client.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(b)">
        <text>Nursing diagnoses shall be:</text>
        <paragraph num="(i)">
          <text>Derived in a complete, systematic, and ongoing manner from the assessment data;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ii)">
          <text>Validated with the client, family, significant others, and other members of the health care team, when possible; and</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iii)">
          <text>Documented in a manner that facilitates the determination of expected outcomes and plan of care.</text>
        </paragraph>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(c)">
        <text>Nursing diagnoses shall identify the nature and extent of the client's health status, capabilities, and limitations.</text>
      </paragraph>
    </paragraph>
  </paragraph>
  <paragraph num="C.">
    <text>Outcome Identification.</text>
    <paragraph num="(1)">
      <text>The RN shall identify expected outcomes individualized to the client.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(2)">
      <text>Measurement Criteria.</text>
      <paragraph num="(a)">
        <text>Outcomes shall be:</text>
        <paragraph num="(i)">
          <text>Derived in a comprehensive, systematic, and ongoing manner from the diagnoses;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ii)">
          <text>Directed toward management of the client's health problems;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iii)">
          <text>Formulated with the client, family, significant other, or other members of the health care team, when possible and appropriate;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iv)">
          <text>Culturally appropriate and realistic in relation to the client's present and potential capabilities;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(v)">
          <text>Attainable in relation to the resources available to the client;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(vi)">
          <text>Documented as measurable goals with time estimates for attainment as appropriate; and</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(vii)">
          <text>Documented in an authorized record which is accessible and in a retrievable form.</text>
        </paragraph>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(b)">
        <text>Outcomes provide direction for continuity of care.</text>
      </paragraph>
    </paragraph>
  </paragraph>
  <paragraph num="D.">
    <text>Planning.</text>
    <paragraph num="(1)">
      <text>The RN shall develop a plan of care that prescribes interventions to attain expected outcomes.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(2)">
      <text>Measurement Criteria.</text>
      <paragraph num="(a)">
        <text>The plan shall be:</text>
        <paragraph num="(i)">
          <text>Individualized in a comprehensive, systematic and ongoing manner;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ii)">
          <text>Developed utilizing available data;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iii)">
          <text>Prioritized to meet the client's condition or needs;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iv)">
          <text>Developed, coordinated, and communicated with the client, family, significant other, and other members of the health care team as appropriate;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(v)">
          <text>Congruent with the client's therapeutic regime; and</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(vi)">
          <text>Documented.</text>
        </paragraph>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(b)">
        <text>The plan shall:</text>
        <paragraph num="(i)">
          <text>Reflect current nursing practice;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ii)">
          <text>Provide for continuity of care; and</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iii)">
          <text>Include identification, coordination, and utilization of available resources.</text>
        </paragraph>
      </paragraph>
    </paragraph>
  </paragraph>
  <paragraph num="E.">
    <text>Implementation.</text>
    <paragraph num="(1)">
      <text>The RN shall implement the interventions identified in the plan of care.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(2)">
      <text>Measurement Criteria.</text>
      <paragraph num="(a)">
        <text>Interventions shall be:</text>
        <paragraph num="(i)">
          <text>Implemented recognizing the rights of the client, the family, and significant others;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ii)">
          <text>Consistent with the established plan of care;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iii)">
          <text>Implemented in a competent, safe, and appropriate manner consistent with knowledge of scientific principles; and</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iv)">
          <text>Documented.</text>
        </paragraph>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(b)">
        <text>Interventions may include, but are not limited to:</text>
        <paragraph num="(i)">
          <text>Patient teaching;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(ii)">
          <text>Counseling;</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iii)">
          <text>Implementing clinical practice guidelines, protocols, and pathways; and</text>
        </paragraph>
        <paragraph num="(iv)">
          <text>Independent nursing functions.</text>
        </paragraph>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(c)">
        <text>Selected interventions may be assigned and delegated to other personnel participating in delivering care.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(d)">
        <text>When assignment or delegation occurs, supervision is provided.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(e)">
        <text>A safe and therapeutic environment is provided for the delivery of nursing care.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(f)">
        <text>Relevant information which may be needed to carry out the nursing plan is provided to the client, family, significant others, and other members of the health care team without violating the client's confidentiality.</text>
      </paragraph>
    </paragraph>
  </paragraph>
  <paragraph num="F.">
    <text>Evaluation.</text>
    <paragraph num="(1)">
      <text>The RN shall evaluate the client's progress toward attainment of outcomes.</text>
    </paragraph>
    <paragraph num="(2)">
      <text>Measurement Criteria.</text>
      <paragraph num="(a)">
        <text>Evaluation shall be systematic, ongoing, and criterion-based.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(b)">
        <text>The client, family, significant other, and other members of the health care team shall be involved in the evaluation process, when appropriate.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(c)">
        <text>Ongoing assessment data shall be used to evaluate the process of care and to revise the nursing diagnosis, outcomes, and the plan of care.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(d)">
        <text>Revisions of diagnoses, outcomes, and the plan of care shall be documented.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(e)">
        <text>The effectiveness of interventions shall be evaluated in relation to outcomes.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(f)">
        <text>The responses to interventions shall be documented and communicated to the client and other members of the health care team.</text>
      </paragraph>
      <paragraph num="(g)">
        <text>The RN charged with the documentation of the client's discharge shall make the final nursing evaluation.</text>
      </paragraph>
    </paragraph>
  </paragraph>
  <paragraph num="G.">
    <text>Documentation. The RN shall maintain medical records in accordance with Health-General Article, Title 4, Subtitle 4, Annotated Code of Maryland.</text>
  </paragraph>
</regulation>