Math Competencies. Teacher candidates seeking licensure to provide mathematics instruction shall demonstrate the competencies applicable to the area of licensure (PreK—Grade 3; Grades 1—6; Middle School or High School or both). Content Knowledge. The teacher candidate shall: Apply mathematics content knowledge for teaching within the candidate’s area of licensure; Candidates prepared to teach elementary education shall apply content knowledge for each of the four essential topics: Numbers and Operations, Algebraic Thinking, Geometry and Measurement, and Data Analysis and Probability; Demonstrate conceptual understanding, proficiency with procedural skills, and the ability to solve real world problems; Recognize the coherent progression of mathematical concepts both within an age/range/grade/course and across an age/range/grade/course; Use mathematics to model real world problems; and Use precise mathematical language. Pedagogical Skills. The teacher candidate shall: Identify the appropriate sequence of mathematical learning targets for both a unit of study and an individual lesson; Construct collaborative and self-directed learning opportunities that reflect active student engagement in learning and a growth mindset; Develop strategies for responding to anticipated and present student misconceptions; Design rich mathematical tasks that help students develop the conceptual understanding, procedural skills, and the ability to apply the mathematics associated with learning targets; Integrate instructional strategies and teaching aids that enhance the learning of mathematics, such as multiple representations, manipulatives, calculators, and other technological aids; and Recognize productive struggles and unproductive struggles to promote perseverance and thinking flexibly. The teacher candidate shall use multiple assessment tools and evidence-based instructional strategies to guide the mathematics instructional process. The teacher candidate shall identify the cognitive process, learning theories, and developmental strategies related to the teaching and learning of mathematics.