This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the State Fire Prevention Code. The purpose of this chapter is to establish minimum requirements that will provide a reasonable degree of fire prevention and control to safeguard life, property, or public welfare from: The hazards of fire and explosion arising from the storage, handling, or use of substances, materials, or devices; and Conditions hazardous to life, property, or public welfare in the use or occupancy of buildings, structures, sheds, tents, lots, or premises. This chapter incorporates by reference NFPA 1 Fire Code (2024 Edition), except as amended in Regulations .08 and .09 of this chapter, and NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (2024 Edition), except as amended in Regulation .07 of this chapter. The State Fire Prevention Commission recommends the use of the NFPA National Fire Codes or other nationally recognized standards in technical matters not specifically addressed by this chapter. This chapter applies to both new and existing buildings and conditions. In various sections there are specific provisions for existing buildings that may differ from those for new buildings. Unless otherwise noted, this chapter does not apply to facilities, equipment, structures, or installations that were existing or approved for construction or installation before the effective date of this chapter, except in those cases in which it is determined by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) that the existing situation constitutes a hazard so inimical to the public welfare and safety as to require correction. The requirements for existing buildings and conditions may be modified if their application clearly would be impractical in the judgment of the AHJ, but only if it is clearly evident that a reasonable degree of safety is provided. The State Fire Marshal or the legally appointed designee has the authority to make a determination of the applicability of this chapter to any building or condition in it, subject to the right of appeal to the State Fire Prevention Commission as prescribed in COMAR 29.06.02. Repealed. The provisions of this chapter do not apply in Baltimore City except to those buildings and conditions specifically prescribed in Public Safety Article, Title 6, Subtitle 4, Annotated Code of Maryland. The provisions of this chapter do not apply to buildings used solely as dwelling houses for not more than two families as prescribed in Public Safety Article, Title 6, Subtitle 3, Annotated Code of Maryland. Enforcement of this chapter is the responsibility of: The State Fire Marshal; A legally designated fire official of a county or municipal corporation of the State; or Other persons legally appointed by the State Fire Marshal under Public Safety Article, Title 6, Subtitle 3, Annotated Code of Maryland. The State Fire Marshal or the legally appointed designee may accept alternate methods of satisfying the intent of this chapter if the material, method, or work is at least the equivalent of that required by this chapter in quality, effectiveness, durability, and safety, and meets or exceeds the intent of the chapter. If there are differing or conflicting requirements between this chapter and codes or standards adopted by incorporation by reference by this chapter, the State Fire Marshal or the legally appointed designee shall determine which requirements apply, subject to the right of appeal to the State Fire Prevention Commission. If Public Safety Article, Annotated Code of Maryland, or this chapter requires that a permit, license, or certificate of approval be obtained from the State Fire Marshal, it shall be obtained from the State Fire Marshal, or other appropriate authority, of the county, city, or incorporated town where the activity or equipment for which the permit, license, or certificate required is located. A violation of this chapter is subject to the penalties set forth in the Public Safety Article, Annotated Code of Maryland. In this chapter, the following terms have the meanings indicated. Terms Defined. “Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ)” means the State Fire Marshal or the legally appointed designee as prescribed in this chapter. “International Code Council (ICC)” means International Code Council, Inc., 200 Massachusetts Avenue N.W., Suite 250, Washington, DC 20001. “Legally appointed designee” means those local or county officials specifically authorized under the Public Safety Article, Annotated Code of Maryland, to enforce the provisions of the State Fire Laws and State Fire Prevention Code. “New building or condition” means a building, structure, installation, plant, equipment, renovation, or condition: For which a building permit is issued on or after the effective date of this chapter; On which actual construction is started on or after the effective date of this chapter in a jurisdiction where a building permit is not required; Which represents a change from one occupancy classification to another on or after the effective date of this chapter; or Which represents a situation, circumstance, or physical makeup of any structure, premise, or process that was commenced on or after the effective date of this chapter. “NFPA” means National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. In this chapter, the following documents are incorporated by reference, with the amendments specified in this chapter. Tentative interim amendments and supplements to these documents and to the codes and standards referenced in these documents are not included as part of this chapter unless specifically adopted by this chapter. Documents Incorporated. NFPA 1 Fire Code (2024 Edition). NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (2024 Edition). Incorporation by Reference Locations. The documents incorporated by reference in §B of this regulation are available for inspection in State depository libraries. The NFPA 101 Life Safety Code (2024 Edition) is incorporated by reference, except for the following amendments: Amend Sections 2.2 and 2.4 to delete the referenced publications NFPA 150 Standard on Fire and Life Safety in Animal Housing Facilities, 2022 edition, and NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code, 2024 edition. Wherever NFPA 5000 is referenced, other than for extracted text, substitute the building code adopted by the AHJ. Amend Subsection 3.3.66 to add the following Paragraph: 3.3.66.3 Bulkhead Door. A type of door assembly covering an opening in the ground providing direct access to a basement, the floor of which is not more than 8 feet below ground level. The door consists of a single rigid leaf or two overlapping rigid leaves or covers that need to be pushed or lifted upwards in order to be opened. A person, after opening the door, can walk up a series of steps to escape to the outside. Amend Paragraph 3.3.70.1 to replace “three” with “five" and delete, “if any, accommodated in rented rooms”. Amend Paragraph 3.3.154.1 and Subparagraphs 16.6.1.1.2 and 17.6.1.1.2 to delete “more than 3, but”. Amend Paragraphs 3.3.205.4 and 6.1.4.1 to delete “four or more”. Amend Paragraphs 3.3.205.12 and 6.1.9.1 to replace “four” with “six”. Amend Subsection 4.5.8 and Paragraph 4.6.12.1 to delete “for compliance with the provisions of this Code”. Amend Paragraph 4.6.10.2 to replace “Where required by Chapters 11 through 43, construction” with “Construction”. Amend Paragraph 4.6.12.3 to delete “by the Code”. Amend Subsection 4.8.2 to add the following Paragraph: 4.8.2.4 Emergency action plans shall be maintained in a location approved by the AHJ. Amend Subparagraph 6.1.8.1.1 to replace “three” with “five” and delete “, if any, accommodated in rented rooms”. Amend Subsection 7.1.10 to add the following Paragraph: 7.1.10.3 Trash or recyclable materials awaiting scheduled collection shall not be placed in exits, exit access corridors, or on egress balconies. Amend Sub-subparagraph 7.2.1.6.4.1 to replace “in Chapters 11 through 43” with “by the AHJ and Chapters 11 through 43”. Amend Subparagraph 7.2.1.7.1 to delete “required to be”. Amend Subparagraph 7.2.1.7.4 to delete “Required”. Amend Paragraph 7.2.1.12 to delete “7.2.1.12.1 or”. Delete Subparagraph 7.2.1.12.1. Amend Subparagraphs 7.2.1.14.1 and 7.2.1.15.1 to replace “Chapters 11 through 43” with “the AHJ or Chapters 11 through 43”. Amend Paragraph 7.9.1.2 to replace “only” in the first sentence with “, but not be limited to,”. Amend Paragraph 8.7.3.3 to replace “8.7.3.3.5” with “8.7.3.3.5, unless otherwise permitted by the AHJ:” Amend Paragraph 9.6.1.3 and Subsection 9.11.1 to delete “required by this Code”. Amend Paragraph 9.6.2.6 to add the following: This paragraph does not permit the omission of manual fire alarm boxes in accordance with other provisions of this Subsection unless specifically permitted by Chapters 11 through 43. Delete Subparagraph 9.6.2.10.7 and Sub-subparagraphs 9.6.2.10.7.1 and 9.6.2.10.7.2. Amend Paragraph 9.7.1.1 to add the following Subparagraph: 9.7.1.1.1 For new ceiling installations, drop-out ceilings as referenced in NFPA 13 Subsection 9.3.11 and NFPA 13R Section 6.15 shall be prohibited. Amend Paragraph 9.11.4.1 and Subsection 9.14.1 to replace “Chapters 11 through 43” with “the AHJ and Chapters 11 through 43” Amend Paragraph 9.11.4.2 to replace “by 9.3.5” with “by the AHJ, 9.3.5”. Amend Subsection 9.13.1 to replace “by another section of this Code” with “the AHJ and another section of this Code”. Amend Subsections 9.15.1 and 9.15.2 to insert the words “and the AHJ” after “NFPA 1225”. Amend Subsections 10.4.1 and 10.5.1 to add the following at the beginning of each sentence: “Unless otherwise permitted by the AHJ,”. Amend Paragraph 10.7.1.1 to add “and be approved by the AHJ” after “10.7.5.2”. Amend Paragraph 11.8.3.1 to add “High-rise buildings do not include a structure or building used exclusively for open-air parking.” Amend Paragraphs 11.8.6.1 and 11.8.6.2 to replace “approved by the fire department” with “approved by the AHJ”. Amend Paragraph 11.11.2.1 to add “or other approved testing standard approved by the State Fire Marshal”. Delete Section 11.12. Delete Paragraphs 12.2.1.2, 14.2.1.5, 16.2.1.1, 28.2.1.4, 30.2.1.3, 32.2.2.7, 36.2.1.6, 38.2.1.5, 40.2.1.3, 42.2.1.3, Subparagraphs 16.6.2.1.2, 32.3.2.1.3, and Subsection 26.2.4. Amend Paragraphs 12.2.4.1 and 13.2.4.1 to add the following: Not less than two separate exits shall be provided on every story. Not less than two separate exits shall be accessible from every part of every story. Amend Paragraph 12.3.5.1 to replace “The following assembly occupancies” with “The following assembly occupancies having an occupant load of 100 or more persons, or 5,000 or more square feet in area, or located on a floor other than the level of exit discharge”. Amend Paragraphs 12.7.7.3 and 13.7.7.3 to replace “prior” with “within 10 minutes prior”. Amend Paragraphs 14.7.2.3 and 15.7.2.3 to delete existing wording and replace with the following: Not less than one fire emergency egress drill shall be conducted every month the facility is in session, unless the following criteria are met: In climates where the weather is severe, the monthly fire emergency egress drills shall be permitted to be deferred; and In educational occupancies which are: fully protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the total number of annual fire emergency egress drills shall be five, with a least two of the required drills conducted in the first four months of the school year; or not fully protected by an automatic sprinkler system, the total number of annual fire emergency egress drills shall be eight, with at least three of the required drills conducted in the first four months of the school year. All occupants of the building shall participate in the fire emergency egress drill. One fire emergency egress drill, other than for educational occupancies that are open on a year-round basis, shall be required within the first 30 days of operation. Amend Sub-subparagraphs 15.2.2.2.4.1(3) and 17.2.2.2.6.1(3) to replace “operations,” with “operations, the locking device is of a type that is readily distinguishable as locked,”. Amend Paragraph 15.2.4.2 to delete “unless otherwise permitted by 15.2.4.2(3)” from item (1) and delete item (3). Amend Sub-subparagraph 15.3.4.3.1.2 to delete “control unit or”. Amend Subsections 16.1.1 and 17.1.1 to add the following Paragraphs: 16.1.1.10 and 17.1.1.10 Day-care centers providing day care for school-age children before or after school hours in a building which is in use as a public or private school are not required to meet the provisions of this chapter, but shall meet the provisions for educational occupancies. Amend Subparagraphs 16.2.11.1.1 to add the following item: (4) For grade floor windows the minimum net clear opening shall be permitted to be 5.0 square feet. Amend Paragraph 16.3.5.1 to add the following: Automatic sprinkler protection is not required if all of the following conditions are met: The total number of occupants in the occupancy in which the day care center is located is not more than 300 persons. All rooms used for day care are located on the level of exit discharge; All rooms used for day care have at least one exterior exit door at grade level; and The occupancy in which the day care center is located does not exceed 12,000 square feet in area. Amend Sub-subparagraphs 16.6.1.4.1.1 and 17.6.1.4.1.1 to delete “more than three, but” and replace “seven” with “nine”. Amend Sub-subparagraphs 16.6.1.4.1.2 and 17.6.1.4.1.2 to replace “7” with “9”. Amend Subparagraphs 16.6.1.7.1 and 17.6.1.7.1 to replace “both” with “all” and Items (1) and (2) with the following Items: The minimum staff-to-client ratio shall be not less than one staff member for up to eight clients, including the caretaker's own children incapable of self-preservation. There shall be not more than four clients incapable of self-preservation, including the caretaker's own children incapable of self-preservation. A staff-to-client ratio of at least one staff member to every two clients incapable of self-preservation shall be maintained at all times. The staff-to-client ratio shall be permitted to be modified by the authority having jurisdiction where safeguards in addition to those specified in this section are provided. Amend Subparagraph 16.6.2.1.1 and Paragraph 17.6.2.1 to add the following: Bulkhead doors may not serve as a primary means of escape. Amend Subparagraphs 16.6.2.4.5 and 17.6.2.4.5 to delete item (3). Amend Paragraphs 16.6.2.2 (Reserved) and 17.6.2.2 (Reserved) to add the following: SLIDING DOOR: For family day-care homes, a sliding door used as a required means of escape shall comply with the following conditions: The sliding door shall have not more than one, easily operated, locking device that does not require special knowledge, effort, or tools to operate; There may not be draperies, screens, or storm doors that could impede egress; The sill or track height may not exceed 1/2 inch above the interior finish floor; The surface onto which exit is made shall be an all weather surface such as a deck, patio, or sidewalk; The floor level outside the door may be one step lower than the inside, but not more than 8 inches lower; The sliding door shall open to a clear open width of at least 28 inches; Before day-care use each day, the sliding door shall be unlocked and tested to the full required width to be sure it is operating properly, and the door shall be nonbinding and slide easily; and During periods of snow or freezing rain, door tracks shall be cleared out and the door opened periodically throughout the day in order to ensure proper operation. Amend Paragraphs 16.6.2.3 (Reserved) and 17.6.2.3 (Reserved) to add the following: Amend Subparagraph 16.6.3.4.5 to replace the word “Reserved.” with the following: For compliance with Paragraph 43.7.2.1(2), approved battery-powered smoke alarms, rather than house electrical service-powered smoke alarms required by 16.6.3.4.4, shall be permitted where the facility has testing, maintenance, and smoke alarm replacement programs that ensure reliability of power to the smoke alarms. Amend Subparagraph 17.2.11.1.1 to add the following item: Amend Paragraphs 17.6.2.1, 28.2.1.2, 29.2.1.2, 30.2.1.2, 31.2.1.2 and Subparagraphs 16.6.2.1.1, 16.6.2.4.1, 16.6.2.4.2, 17.6.2.4.1, 17.6.2.4.2, and 33.3.2.1.2 to add the following sentence: The provisions of Subsection 24.2.8 shall not apply. Amend Subparagraph 17.6.3.4.5 to delete “existing” and replace “battery” with “smoke alarm”. Amend Section 19.3 to add the following Paragraph and Subparagraphs: Amend Section 21.3 to add the following Paragraph and Subparagraphs: Amend Paragraph 22.4.6.2 to add the following Subparagraph: Amend Paragraph 24.1.1.2 to replace “three” with “five” and delete “, if any, accommodated in rented rooms”. Amend Subparagraphs 24.2.2.3.3, 32.2.2.3.1(3), and 33.2.2.3.1(3) to insert “, or not less than 5.0 square feet for grade floor windows” after “5.7 ft2”. Amend Paragraph 26.1.1.1 to replace “buildings” with “buildings that do not qualify as one- and two-family dwellings”. Delete Subsections 30.7.5 and 31.7.5. Amend Paragraph 31.3.5.9.1 to replace “by January 1, 2033” with “within 12 years of the date of the original violation notice issued by the fire authority having jurisdiction.” Amend Sub-subparagraph 33.3.3.4.8.1 to delete “33.3.3.4.8.2 and”. Delete Sub-subparagraph 33.3.3.4.8.2. Amend Paragraphs 36.3.5.3, 37.3.5.3, 38.3.5.2, and 39.3.5 to replace “portable” with “Unless otherwise permitted by the AHJ, portable”. Amend Table 42.2.5 to replace “50” with “75” and “15” with “23” for common path of travel for ordinary hazard storage occupancy not protected throughout by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system in accordance with 9.7.1.1(1). Amend Subparagraphs 42.3.4.1.2 and 42.3.4.1.3 to replace “Storage occupancies” with “Storage occupancies less than three stories”. Amend Sub-subparagraphs 42.8.3.4.1.1 and 42.8.3.4.1.3 to replace “Parking structures” with “Parking structures less than three stories”. The NFPA 1 Fire Code (2024 Edition) is incorporated by reference, except for the amendments in Regulation .09 of this chapter and the following amendments: Delete Section 1.11. (See COMAR 29.06.02) Delete Section 1.12. Amend Subsection 1.13.1 to add the following Paragraph: 1.13.1.1 Permits, certificates, notices, approvals, or orders required by this code shall be governed by the policies and procedures of the AHJ. Amend Paragraph 1.13.6.13 to replace “Permits shall” with “Permits may”. Amend Subsection 1.13.8 to replace “shall” with “may”. Amend Subsection 1.14.2 to delete “Mandatory.” and replace “shall” with “may”. Delete Paragraph 1.14.12.4. Amend Subsection 2.1.1 and Paragraphs 2.1.1.1 and 2.1.1.2 to replace “Compliance” with “Where permitted by the AHJ, compliance”. Amend Section 2.2 to delete the referenced publication NFPA 5000 Building Construction and Safety Code, 2024 edition. Wherever NFPA 5000 is referenced, other than for extracted text, substitute the building code adopted by the AHJ. Delete the referenced publication NFPA 150 Standard on Fire and Life Safety in Animal Housing Facilities, 2022 edition. Amend Section 2.4 to delete the publication NFPA 5000 Building Construction Safety Code, 2024 edition. Wherever NFPA 5000 is referenced, other than for extracted text, substitute the building code adopted by the AHJ. Amend Subsection 3.3.17 to add the following Paragraph: 3.3.17.12 Consumer Fireworks Retail Sales Area. The portion of a consumer fireworks retail sales facility or store, including the immediately adjacent aisles, where consumer fireworks are located for the purpose of retail display and sale to the public. Amend Subsection 3.3.136 and Paragraph 3.3.136.1 to add “and as referenced in Public Safety Article, §10-101, Annotated Code of Maryland”. Delete Subsection 3.3.175. Amend Paragraph 3.3.203.6 to delete “more than 3 but”. Amend Paragraphs 3.3.203.7 and 6.1.4.1 to delete “four or more”. Amend Paragraph 3.3.203.25 and Subparagraph 3.3.203.25.1 to replace “three” with “five” and delete “, if any, accommodated in rented rooms”. Amend Paragraphs 3.3.203.28 and 6.1.9.1 to replace “four” with “six”. Amend Paragraph 4.5.8.1 to delete “for compliance with the provisions of this Code”. Amend Paragraph 4.5.8.3 to delete “by the Code”. Amend Subparagraph 6.1.8.1.1 to replace “three” with “five” and delete “, if any, accommodated in rented rooms”. Amend Subsection 10.1.2 to add “except as amended by COMAR 29.06.01.07, COMAR 29.06.01.08, and COMAR 29.06.01.09”. Amend Paragraph 10.2.7.1 to replace “in Table 10.2.7.1” with “by the AHJ” and Table 10.2.7.1. Amend Annex A to add the following new Paragraph: A.10.2.7.1 The frequency of fire prevention inspections of existing buildings should be based upon a risk assessment of these properties completed by the responsible AHJ. Considerations for this assessment should include, but not be limited to, the occupancy classification of the building and hazards associated with that classification; the number, location, and physical and mental capabilities of potential building occupants (especially self-evacuation abilities); construction design and maintenance of the property; fire protection features of the building; special hazards associated with activities or operations conducted within the building; available fire department suppression resources with special consideration to necessary special suppression operations; and resources available for fire code inspections and enforcement actions. Amend Subsections 10.5.1 and 10.5.2 to replace “AHJ” with “AHJ or incident commander”. Amend Paragraph 10.2.7.1 to replace “in Table 10.2.7.1” with “by the AHJ” and Table 10.2.7.1. Amend Subsection 10.11.1 to add the following Subparagraph and Paragraph: Amend Paragraph 10.11.1.1, 10.11.1.2, 10.11.1.3, 10.11.1.4, and 10.11.1.8 to replace “address numbers” with “premises identification”. Amend Paragraph 10.11.1.6 to delete existing wording and replace with “Where required by the AHJ, the assignment of addresses to buildings shall be in accordance with an approved method.” Delete Paragraph 10.11.1.7. Amend Subparagraph 10.14.12.2.6 to replace “any vehicles” with “any vehicles, buildings,”. Amend Paragraph 10.15.5.1 to replace “Portable” with “Unless otherwise approved by the AHJ, portable”. Amend Paragraph A.10.15.5.1 to add the following: For the purposes of reducing the distances between the operation and refueling of portable and vehicle-mounted generators and any building or enclosure opening, including windows, doors, and air intakes, one or more of the following conditions may be considered: Amend Section 10.16 to add the following Subsection: 10.16.6 The AHJ shall have the authority to require that outdoor storage of any combustible material be enclosed by an approved fence or other protective enclosure to prevent unauthorized access. Amend Subsection 10.16.1 to replace “10 ft (3m)” with “15 feet (4.6 meters)” and “property line” with “property line, building, or adjacent pile of combustible material”; and add the following: The separation distance shall be allowed to be increased where the AHJ determines that a higher hazard to the adjoining property exists. Amend Subsection 10.16.5 to add “and shall not exceed 10,000 square feet in area”. Amend Subsection 10.19.7 to replace “repaired” with “repaired on any balcony, under any overhanging portion, or”. Amend Subsection 10.21.1 to replace “more than five” with “one or more” and replace “10 ft (3 m)” with “15 feet (4.6 meters)”. Amend Subsection 10.21.4 Item (3) to replace “10 ft (3 m)” with “15 feet (4.6 meters)”. Amend Section 10.22 to replace “10.22.5” with “10.22.5, unless otherwise permitted by the AHJ”. Amend Section 11.1 to add the following Subsection: Amend Paragraph 11.1.5.6 to delete existing wording and replace with the following: Extension cords shall not be used as a substitute for permanent wiring. Amend Paragraph 11.1.7.3 to add the following Subparagraph: 11.1.7.3.2 Doors to electrical control panel rooms shall be marked with a plainly visible and legible sign stating ELECTRICAL ROOM or similar approved wording in contrasting letters not less than one inch (25 millimeters) high and not less than ¼ inch (6.4 millimeters) in stroke width. Amend Paragraph 11.3.6.1 to add the following sentence: Keys for new elevators shall be cut to a uniform key code to comply with the Maryland State Elevator Code. Amend Subsection 11.9.1 to replace “approved by the fire department” with “approved by the AHJ”. Amend Paragraph 12.6.9.1 to add the following new Subparagraph: 12.6.9.1.2 The AHJ shall be permitted to: Amend Subparagraph 12.6.9.1.1 to replace “Christmas” with “Unless otherwise approved by the AHJ, Christmas”. Amend Paragraph 12.6.9.5 to add the following Subparagraph: 12.6.9.5.3 Combustible artificial decorative vegetation shall be tested by a laboratory recognized by the Office of the State Fire Marshal. Amend Subparagraph 12.6.9.6.1 to replace ½” (13 mm)” with “2 inches (50 millimeters)” and add the following sentence: “A natural cut tree shall not exceed 10 feet (3 meters) in height, excluding the tree stand.” Amend Section 13.1 to add the following Subsection: 13.1.14 Appearance of Equipment. The AHJ shall be permitted to prohibit any device that has the physical appearance of a life safety or fire protection function but does not perform that life safety or fire protection function. Amend Paragraph 13.1.3.1 to replace “by Chapters 11 through 43” with “by the AHJ and Chapters 11 through 43”. Amend Paragraph 13.1.3.2 to replace “by 9.3.5” with “by the AHJ, 9.3.5”. Amend Paragraph 13.3.1.2 to add the following Subparagraph: 13.3.1.2.1 For new ceiling installations, drop-out ceilings as referenced in NFPA 13, Subsection 9.3.11 and NFPA 13R, Section 6.15, shall be prohibited. Amend Subparagraph 13.3.2.5.1 replace “The following assembly occupancies” with “The following assembly occupancies having an occupant load of 100 or more persons, or 5,000 or more square feet in area, or located on a floor other than the level of exit discharge”. Delete Subparagraph 13.3.2.24.2 and replace with the following: Amend A.13.3.2.24.2.3 to replace “A.13.3.2.24.2.3” with “A.13.3.2.24.2.5”. Amend Subparagraph 13.3.2.25.5 to delete existing wording and replace with the following: An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout all mini-storage building fire areas greater than 2500 feet2(232 meters2) and where any of the individual storage units are separated by less than a 1-hour fire resistance-rated barrier. Fire areas shall be defined by approved fire barriers having a fire resistance rating of not less than 3-hours.[5000:30.3.5.4] Amend Sub-subparagraph 13.3.2.27.1.1 to add the following: Amend Paragraphs 13.3.3.1 and 13.3.3.2 to delete “installed in accordance with this Code”. Amend Subsection 13.4.1 to add the following Subparagraph: 13.4.1.1.1 No fire pump component, including the pump, driver, or controller, shall be permitted to be installed in below-ground vaults or pits unless otherwise approved by the AHJ. Amend Subsection 13.6.1.2 to add “, unless otherwise permitted by the AHJ.” Amend Sub-subparagraph 13.6.4.1.2.1 to replace “certified” with “licensed as required by the AHJ”. Delete Sub-subparagraphs 13.6.4.1.2.1.1, 13.6.4.1.2.1.2, 13.6.4.1.2.1.3, 13.6.4.1.2.1.4, 13.6.4.1.2.1.5, 13.6.4.1.2.1.6. Amend Sub-subparagraph 13.6.4.1.2.3 to replace “certified” with “licensed”. Amend Subparagraph 13.7.1.7.6 to add the following: This paragraph does not permit the omission of manual fire alarm boxes in accordance with other provisions of this Subsection unless specifically permitted by NFPA 101 Chapters 11 through 43. Amend Subparagraph 13.7.1.15.1 to replace “another section of this Code” with “the AHJ and another section of this Code”. Amend Sub-subparagraph 13.7.2.5.6.4 to add the following: For compliance with NFPA 101, Paragraph 43.7.2.1(2), approved battery-powered smoke alarms, rather than house electrical service-powered smoke alarms shall be permitted where the facility has testing, maintenance, and smoke alarm replacement programs that ensure reliability of power to the smoke alarms. Amend Sub-subparagraph 13.7.2.6.6.5 to delete “existing” and replace “battery” with “smoke alarm”. Amend Sub-subparagraph 13.7.2.22.8.1 to delete “13.7.2.22.8.2 and”. Delete Sub-subparagraph 13.7.2.22.8.2. Amend Sub-subparagraphs 13.7.2.28.1.2 and 13.7.2.28.1.3 to replace “Storage occupancies” with “Storage occupancies less than three stories”. Amend Paragraph 14.4.2.1 to add the following subparagraph: Amend Subparagraphs 14.5.2.3.7 and 14.5.2.3.8 to add the following sentence: “The locking device shall be of a type that is readily distinguishable as locked.” Amend Subparagraph 14.5.3.4.1 to replace “in Chapters 11 through 43” with “by the AHJ and in Chapters 11 through 43”. Amend Subparagraph 14.5.3.5.1 to delete “required to be”. Amend Subparagraph 14.5.3.5.4 to delete the word “Required”. Amend Subsection 14.5.8 to delete “14.5.8.1 or”. Delete Paragraph 14.5.8.1. Amend Paragraph 14.5.10.1 to replace “by Chapters 11 through 43” with “by the AHJ or Chapters 11 through 43”. Amend Paragraph 14.13.1.2 to replace “only” in the first sentence with “, but not be limited to,”. Amend Subparagraph 18.2.3.2.1 to replace “exterior door” with “exterior door acceptable to the AHJ”. Amend Paragraph 18.2.3.4 to replace the word “shall” with “to” and replace the word “newly” with “the AHJ shall be permitted to require newly”. Amend Subparagraph 20.1.5.8.3 to replace “prior” to “within 10 minutes prior”. Amend Subparagraph 20.2.4.2.3 to delete existing wording and replace with the following: Fire emergency egress drills shall be conducted as follows: Amend Subparagraph 20.3.4.1.1 and 20.3.4.1.2 to delete “more than 3, but” and the “,” after “12”. Amend Paragraph 25.2.2.1 to add “or other approved testing standard approved by the State Fire Marshal”. Amend Subsection 26.1.6 to add the following Paragraphs: Amend Paragraph 32.9.3.7 to replace “made” with “made within 10 minutes prior to the start of each program”. Amend 34.1.3 to replace “An approved storage” with “Where required by the AHJ, an approved storage”. Amend Section 34.6 to add the following new Subsection and Paragraphs: Delete Chapter 35 Animal Housing Facilities. Amend Subsection 42.7.5 to add the following Paragraphs: Amend Paragraph 42.7.5.5 to add the following: The following information shall be conspicuously posted in this area: Amend Subsection 50.8.1 to add the following Paragraphs, Subparagraphs, and Sub-subparagraphs: Delete Subsection 50.8.3 and replace with the following: Amend Subparagraph 50.8.8.3.2 to replace “not be transported or stored inside the vehicle” with “be secured in an upright position during transport and storage”. The NFPA 1 Fire Code (2024 Edition) is incorporated by reference, except for the amendments in Regulation .08 of this chapter and the following amendments: Permits shall be required for the following: Fireworks displays; Pyrotechnics before a proximate audience; and Flame effects before an audience. Amend Sections 65.2, 65.3, and 65.4 to add the following: All applications for permits for display shall be filed at least 10 business days before the display is to be held. Under Public Safety Article, Title 10, Annotated Code of Maryland, the following requirements apply to public liability and property damage insurance: In order to meet the requirement of the statute, the State shall be named as an insured in the contract of insurance; Because the policy shall cover all damages to persons or property, a deductible form of coverage may not be accepted; The minimum amount of coverage that the State can accept on any display is $25,000 for the injury of one person, $50,000 for more than one person, and $10,000 for property damage; and A duplicate policy of a certificate of insurance shall be attached to the application. The policy or certificate shall provide that: The coverage may not be canceled without at least 30 days notice to the State Fire Marshal; The duplicate policy or certificate shall set forth all of the terms, conditions, endorsements, and riders which are or which will become part of the policy when issued; It is understood and agreed that limitations cannot be included in the policy which are not set forth in the duplicate policy or certificate of insurance which has been filed; If the policy is issued by an insurer authorized to do business in the State, it shall be validated by the signature of an agent licensed by the Maryland Insurance Administration to represent the insurer; If coverage is provided by an insurer who is not authorized to do business in the State, the duplicate policy or certificate of insurance shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or other satisfactory evidence that the person, firm, or corporation acting as agent in accepting the risk has authority to bind risks and issue policies for the insurer; The State Fire Marshal's Office specifically reserves the right to disapprove contracts issued by any authorized insurer if the Fire Marshal's Office determines the insurer is unsatisfactory; and If the policy issued by the unauthorized company is acceptable to the Fire Marshal's Office, it shall be registered and the registration fee and tax paid. Amend Section 65.5 to add the following regarding the manufacture of fireworks: A building containing hazardous mixes or items may not be located closer than 20 feet to the property line. In §C(3) of this regulation, the following terms have the meanings indicated: “Trainees” means employees undergoing initial training in a specific process for a period not to exceed 24 consecutive work hours. “Transients” means: Supervisors not regularly assigned to the area; Bona fide government agency personnel engaged in official business; and Material-handling personnel actively engaged in the transfer of materials into or out of the area. The maximum number of workers, excluding one trainee and three transients, permitted in a building at one time shall be limited to one person per 100 square feet gross floor area or one person in buildings of less than 100 square feet gross floor area. The total amount of explosives or pyrotechnic composition including raw materials, material being processed, and finished products, that may be safely permitted in any building at a given time, shall be determined by the enforcement agency based upon the American Table of Distances for Storage of Explosives, without recognition for barricades. However, distances may not be less than those required by Public Safety Article, §10-204(a), Annotated Code of Maryland. The amount of explosives or other pyrotechnic composition may not exceed the amount necessary for production for 4 hours. Before beginning work, all fireworks plants shall submit for approval accurate scale plot plans of their premises to the State Fire Marshal of all proposed changes of location of any of the structures, fences, and gates. Amend Section 65.5 to add the following Subsection: Sale or use of fireworks shall comply with the following: Before the sale, offering for sale, or use within the State, of any sparkler, every manufacturer of sparklers shall submit sufficient samples for inspection to the State Fire Marshal, with a laboratory report from a certified testing laboratory affirming that the analysis of these sparklers showed that they contain no chlorates or perchlorates. All sparklers sold in the State shall be sold in boxes, and each box shall be clearly marked that the sparklers contain no chlorates or perchlorates. The manufacturer shall furnish the State Fire Marshal with a current list of wholesalers, jobbers, retailers, or retail outlets, who handle or supply sparklers, or maintain a list of wholesalers, jobbers, retailers, or retail outlets, subject to inspection by the State Fire Marshal. Amend Subsection 65.9.1 reference to NFPA 495 as follows: Amend Section 3.3 to add the following definition: Demolition. The explosive razing of any manmade structure or any part thereof that cannot be covered with overburden or blasting mats. Amend Section 4.4 to add the following new Subsection: 4.4.7 Each applicant for a Demolition Class D permit shall possess 5 years of experience in the field of demolition and shall pass the demolition examination as approved by the Office of the State Fire Marshal. NOTE: The content of this regulation is extracted text from NFPA 1, 2012 edition, by permission. Copyright © 2012 NFPA. Notifications. Written notification by email or facsimile shall be provided to the Office of the State Fire Marshal Bomb Squad at least 24 hours prior to each blast. The name of company or contractor performing the blasting and the location, date, and approximate time shall be identified. The geographical coordinates (longitude and latitude) shall be provided. Complaints. If requested by a property owner registering a complaint and considered necessary by the State Fire Marshal, measurements on three consecutive blasts, using approved instrumentation, shall be made near to the structure in question. Special Precautions. When blasting operations, other than those conducted at a fixed site such as a quarry, are to be conducted within 200 feet of a pipe line or high voltage transmission line, the contractor shall take additional precautionary measures and shall notify the owner of the line, or the owner’s agent, that blasting operations are intended. Records. A record of each blast shall be kept. All records, including seismograph reports, shall be retained for at least 3 years, be available for inspection, and include the following items: Name of company or contractor; Location, date, and time of blast. The geographical coordinates (longitude and latitude) shall be identified; Name, signature, and Social Security number of blaster in charge; Type of material blasted; Number of holes, burden, and spacing; Diameter and depth of holes; Type of explosives used; Total amount of explosives used; Maximum amount of explosives per delay period of 8 milliseconds or greater; Method of firing and type of circuit; Direction and distance in feet to nearest dwelling house, public building, school, church, and commercial or institutional building not owned or leased by the person conducting the blasting; Weather conditions including such factors as wind direction, etc.; Height or length of stemming; If mats or other protection to prevent fly rock were used; Type of detonators used and delay period used; Seismograph records including seismograph readings when required containing: Name and signature of the individual operating the seismograph, Name of the individual analyzing the seismograph records, and Seismograph reading; and The maximum number of holes per delay period of 8 milliseconds or greater. The person taking the seismograph reading shall accurately indicate the exact location of the seismograph, if used, and shall also show the distance of the seismograph from the blast. Liability Insurance for Explosives Handlers. As provided in Public Safety Article, Title 11, Annotated Code of Maryland, proof of liability insurance shall be provided by an applicant for a license to: Manufacture explosives; Engage in the business of dealing in explosives; or Possess any explosives other than for use in firearms. The minimum amount of liability insurance required for licensing for the activities specified in §E(1) of this regulation is $1,000,000. License to Service or Repair Portable Fire Extinguishers. A license shall be obtained from the State Fire Marshal's Office by every individual, firm, or corporation commercially servicing, repairing, filling, or refilling portable fire extinguishers, except fire departments. Sale of Portable Fire Extinguishers. It is unlawful for a person, directly or through an agent, to sell or offer for sale in the State any make, type, or model of portable fire extinguisher, either new or used, unless the make, type, or model of extinguisher has been tested and listed by a testing laboratory accepted by the State Fire Marshal. An extinguisher is not approved even if it bears the label of an accepted testing laboratory if it contains any of the following liquids: Carbon tetrachloride, chlorobromomethane, azeotrophic chloromethane, dibromodifluoromethane, 1,2-dibromo-2-chloro-1,2-trifluoroethane; 1,2-dibromo-2,2-difluoroethane, methyl bromide, ethylene dibromide; 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, hydrogen bromide, methylene bromide, bromodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane; or Any other toxic or poisonous liquid. A license shall be obtained from the State Fire Marshal's Office by every individual, firm, or corporation commercially installing, servicing, or repairing nonwater-based fixed fire extinguishing systems. Gasoline Stoves. The sale or use of gasoline stoves or other similar fuel-burning cooking or heating appliances using Class I flammable liquids as defined in NFPA 1 Fire Code (2024 Edition) and NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code (2024 Edition), is prohibited unless the appliance has been tested and listed by a testing laboratory accepted by the State Fire Marshal. The appliance shall be installed, operated, and maintained in a safe manner in accordance with the prescribed recommendation of the manufacturer and the conditions stated in the listing by the respective testing laboratory. Unvented Portable Kerosene-Fired Heaters. The sale or use of unvented portable kerosene-fired heaters is permitted only if the heater or appliance meets the U.L. Subject 647 and bears the label of a testing laboratory accepted by the State Fire Marshal. The heaters shall only be used as permitted under Commercial Law Article, §14-1310, Annotated Code of Maryland. Each heater shall contain a warning label stating: “This device must not be operated while unattended”. In addition, the heater shall contain the manufacturer's warning label required by Commercial Law Article, §14-1310, Annotated Code of Maryland. An individual, firm, or corporation may not sell or offer for sale in the State any type of flame-retardant or flame-proofing compound, powder, or liquid, for fire-retardant purposes unless the product has been tested, listed, and bears the mark of a recognized testing laboratory accepted by the State Fire Marshal. Visual obscuration systems associated with security or burglar alarm systems may not be permitted. Public Safety Article, §§6-206 and 6-501, Annotated Code of Maryland Effective date: July 21, 1972 Regulations .01B, .13A, .15B, G, .16B, .18A, B, .22B, .23A—C, .26B, .29B—D, .33, .35B amended effective October 7, 1977 (4:21 Md. R. 1604) Regulations .04—.14, .16—.35, and .41 amended effective August 30, 1982 (9:17 Md. R. 1709) Regulation .14D adopted effective July 1, 1967 Regulations .15G, .16C, .18C, .22A, .29B, and .35B, E, F amended as an emergency provision effective February 23, 1978 (5:5 Md. R. 332); adopted permanently effective June 2, 1978 (5:11 Md. R. 885) Regulation .16A amended effective April 9, 1984 (11:7 Md. R. 628) Regulations .16B, .18A, E, .23, .26B, .29D amended effective May 14, 1975 (2:10 Md. R. 759) Regulation .16B amended effective April 18, 1980 (7:8 Md. R. 772) Regulation .23B amended effective August 22, 1980 (7:17 Md. R. 1672) Regulation .26 amended effective December 7, 1981 (8:24 Md. R. 1936) Regulation .30E adopted effective October 5, 1979 (6:20 Md. R. 1629); September 19, 1980 (7:19 Md. R. 1808) Regulation .33 amended effective November 21, 1983 (10:23 Md. R. 2064) Regulation .34 amended effective January 21, 1976 (3:2 Md. R. 87) and November 4, 1977 (4:23 Md. R. 1735) Regulation .36 adopted effective April 27, 1977 (4:9 Md. R. 1719) Regulation .36A, C amended effective October 7, 1977 (4:21 Md. R. 1604) Regulation .37 adopted effective February 26, 1979 (6:4 Md. R. 227); amended effective October 5, 1979 (6:20 Md. R. 1629) Regulation .37 (Cellulose and Foam Insulation) adopted as an emergency provision effective January 1, 1979 (6:1 Md. R. 15); emergency status withdrawn by AELR Committee for §B of this regulation effective February 1, 1979 (6:4 Md. R. 275); emergency status expired May 12, 1979 Regulation .38 adopted effective October 5, 1979 (6:20 Md. R. 1629) Regulation .39 adopted effective October 31, 1980 (7:22 Md. R. 2074) Regulation .40 adopted effective July 20, 1981 (8:14 Md. R. 1228) Regulation .41 adopted effective October 12, 1981 (8:20 Md. R. 1636) Regulation .42 adopted effective January 17, 1983 (10:1 Md. R. 32) Chapter revised effective May 6, 1985 (12:9 Md. R. 812) Regulation .06A amended effective July 28, 1986 (13:15 Md. R. 1735); July 24, 1989 (16:14 Md. R. 1568) Regulation .06O amended effective October 5, 1987 (14:20 Md. R. 2143) Regulation .06R adopted effective October 1, 1985 (12:19 Md. R. 1849) Regulation .06S adopted effective March 7, 1988 (15:5 Md. R. 622) Regulation .07B amended effective January 23, 1989 (16:1 Md. R. 72) Chapter revised effective May 11, 1992 (19:9 Md. R. 879) Regulation .09B amended effective November 22, 1993 (20:23 Md. R. 1805) Regulation .10 adopted effective November 22, 1993 (20:23 Md. R. 1805) Chapter revised effective December 4, 1995 (22:24 Md. R. 1897) COMAR 12.03.01 repealed effective January 14, 1999 (26:1 Md. R. 25) Regulations .01—.22 adopted effective January 14, 1999 (26:1 Md. R. 25) Regulations .01—.22 repealed effective August 6, 2001 (28:15 Md. R. 1400) Regulations .01—.17 adopted effective August 6, 2001 (28:15 Md. R. 1400) Chapter revised effective August 1, 2004 (31:12 Md. R. 914) Chapter revised effective January 1, 2007 (33:24 Md. R. 1907) Regulation .02B amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); January 1, 2013 (39:23 Md. R. 1533); January 1, 2016 (42:23 Md. R. 1436); October 7, 2019 (46:20 Md. R. 847); June 23, 2025 (52:12 Md. R. 599) Regulation .03B repealed effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956) Regulation .04D amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956) Regulation .05B amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); June 23, 2025 (52:12 Md. R. 599) Regulation .06 amended effective January 1, 2016 (42:23 Md. R. 1436) Regulation .06B amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); October 7, 2019 (46:20 Md. R. 847); June 23, 2025 (52:12 Md. R. 599) Regulation .06C amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); January 1, 2013 (39:23 Md. R. 1533) Regulation .07 amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); January 1, 2013 (39:23 Md. R. 1533); January 1, 2016 (42:23 Md. R. 1436); October 7, 2019 (46:20 Md. R. 847); June 23, 2025 (52:12 Md. R. 599) Regulation .08 amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); January 1, 2013 (39:23 Md. R. 533); January 1, 2016 (42:23 Md. R. 1436); October 7, 2019 (46:20 Md. R. 847); June 23, 2025 (52:12 Md. R. 599) Regulation .09 amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); January 1, 2013 (39:23 Md. R. 533); January 1, 2016 (42:23 Md. R. 1436); October 7, 2019 (46:20 Md. R. 847); June 23, 2025 (52:12 Md. R. 599) Regulation .09E amended as an emergency provision effective February 7, 2020 (47:10 Md. R. 514); emergency provision expired effective August 3, 2020 Regulation .09E amended effective August 10, 2020 (47:16 Md. R. 738) Regulation .10 amended effective January 1, 2013 (39:23 1533); October 7, 2019 (46:20 Md. R. 847) Regulation .11 amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956) Regulation .11-1 adopted effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956) Regulation .13 repealed effective January 1, 2016 (42:23 Md. R. 1436) Regulation .14A amended effective January 1, 2010 (36:25 Md. R. 1956); January 1, 2013 (39:23 Md. R. 1533); January 1, 2016 (42:23 Md. R. 1436); October 7, 2019 (46:20 Md. R. 847); June 23, 2025 (52:12 Md. R. 599)